考研考博-英語-北京農(nóng)業(yè)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京農(nóng)業(yè)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Comewhat（

）,we'renotgoingtomakeanyconcessionstohisunreasonabledemands.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.must

B.should

C.can

D.may

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。comewhatmay意為“無論如何，不管怎樣，無論發(fā)生什么事”。

句意：無論如何，我們不會(huì)對(duì)他的不合理要求作出任何讓步。

2.單選題

Thesurveyfound80percentofviewerswere（

）bytheviolentscenesinthefilm.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.damaged

B.alerted

C.offended

D.discouraged

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。damage損害；alert警惕；offend冒犯；discourage阻止，使氣餒。

句意：調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，80%的觀眾會(huì)被電影中的暴力鏡頭所觸怒。beoffendedby意為“被...觸怒”，選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

3.單選題

Noonecanbeagreatthinkerwhodoesnotrealizethatasathinkeritisherfirstdutytofollowherintellecttowhateverconclusionsitmaylead.

Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery.Butthereneverhasbeen,noreverwillbe,inthatatmosphereanintellectuallyactivepeople.Wherethereisatacitconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughtokindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfromitsfoundationsandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.

Shewhoknowsonlyherownsideofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybegood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifsheisequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside,ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgment,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworld,thesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.Norisitenoughthatsheshouldheartheargumentsofadversariesfromherownteachers,presentedastheystatethem,andaccompaniedbywhattheyofferasrefutations.Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithherownmind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem,whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform:shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof;elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpersonsareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow:theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyfromthemandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,itisalwaysadvisableto（）.

32.Accordingtotheauthor,inagreatperiodsuchastheRenaissancewemayexpecttofind（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,thepersonwho-holdsorthodoxbeliefswithoutexaminationmaybedescribedinallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTas（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beacquaintedwiththeargumentsfavoringthepointofviewwithwhichonedisagrees

B.adoptthepointofviewtowhichonefeelsthemostinclination

C.haveopinionswhichcannotberefuted

D.suspendheterodoxspeculationinfavorofdoctrinaireapproaches

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.acceptanceoftruth

B.controversyoverprinciples

C.inordinateenthusiasm

D.adreadofheterodoxspeculation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Mosteducatedpeoplestudybothsidesofaquestion.

B.Themajorityofthosewhoargueeloquentlytrulyknowonlyonesideofanissue.

C.Indebatableissues,weshouldrelyontheopinionsoftheexpertsforguidance.

D.Heterodoxspeculationwillleadtomanyunnecessaryerrorsofthinking.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.enslavedbytradition

B.lessthanfollyrational

C.havingaclosedmind

D.determinedoncontroversy

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Atrulygreatthinkermakesnomistakes.

B.Therefutationofacceptedideascanbestbeprovidedbyone’sownteachers.

C.Periodsofintellectualachievementareperiodsofunorthodoxreflection

D.excessivecontroversypreventsclearthinking.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第三段“Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithherownmind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem,whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform:shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof;elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.這不是公正對(duì)待這些論點(diǎn)的方法，也不是讓它們與她自己的思想真正接觸的方法。她必須能夠聽到那些真正相信這些論點(diǎn)的人的聲音，那些真誠(chéng)地為這些論點(diǎn)辯護(hù)的人的聲音，那些竭盡全力為這些論點(diǎn)辯護(hù)的人的聲音。她必須以最似是而非、最具說服力的形式來認(rèn)識(shí)這些問題:她必須感受到對(duì)問題的真實(shí)看法所必須面對(duì)和處理的困難的全部力量;否則，她將永遠(yuǎn)無法真正掌握真理的那一部分，從而克服并消除那個(gè)困難。據(jù)此可知作者認(rèn)為如果一個(gè)人只知道自己的觀點(diǎn)而不關(guān)心對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)，不傾聽對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)的聲音，那么就很難獲得真理?！弊髡哂昧巳齻€(gè)must表明正確的做法是什么，從中我們了解到正確做法就是要熟悉那些你不贊成的觀點(diǎn)。故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。由第二段“Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery…Wherethereisatacitconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.在精神奴役的普遍氛圍中，曾經(jīng)有，而且可能會(huì)再次出現(xiàn)偉大的個(gè)人思想家。但是，在那種氣氛中，從來沒有，也永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)有一個(gè)思想活躍的民族。在那里有一種不成文的慣例，即原則是不容置疑的，對(duì)那些可以占據(jù)人類的最偉大的問題的討論被認(rèn)為是封閉的，我們就不能指望發(fā)現(xiàn)使某些歷史時(shí)期如此非凡的普遍的大規(guī)模精神活動(dòng)?！蔽乃噺?fù)興是屬于思想活動(dòng)的頂峰，必然會(huì)討論原則問題。所以B項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段最后部分“Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpersonsareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow:theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyfromthemandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.百分之九十九的所謂受過教育的人處于這種狀態(tài);甚至那些能夠流利地為自己的觀點(diǎn)辯護(hù)的人。他們的結(jié)論可能是正確的，但也可能他們所知道的一切都是錯(cuò)誤的。他們從未把自己置于與他們想法不同的人的心理位置上，也從未考慮過這些人可能會(huì)說些什么;所以結(jié)果是他們不知道他們自己所信奉的教條的真正的意義。”由此可知A項(xiàng)與之相反，B項(xiàng)與之相符，故B項(xiàng)正確。CD兩項(xiàng)文中沒有提及。

4.判斷推理題。題干問那些持有未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的正統(tǒng)信仰的人沒有以下哪項(xiàng)特征。A項(xiàng)：為傳統(tǒng)所奴役；B項(xiàng)：不怎么理智；C項(xiàng)：頭腦閉塞；D項(xiàng)：對(duì)辯論是堅(jiān)決的。一般來說，持有未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的正統(tǒng)信仰的人不會(huì)獨(dú)立思考，更不會(huì)懷疑他所信仰的東西。故ABC三項(xiàng)都是這種人的特點(diǎn)。

5.判斷推理題。A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)真正的思想家不犯錯(cuò)誤”；B項(xiàng)“對(duì)公認(rèn)觀點(diǎn)的駁斥最好由自己的老師來提供。”C項(xiàng)“智力成就的時(shí)期是非正統(tǒng)思考的時(shí)期”；D項(xiàng)“過度的辯論會(huì)制止清晰的思考?！庇傻诙慰芍?dú)v史上思想活動(dòng)的頂峰時(shí)期如文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，各大學(xué)派互相辯論，使思想摩擦出火花，使文藝復(fù)興成為文化運(yùn)動(dòng)的頂峰。故C項(xiàng)“智力成就的時(shí)期是非正統(tǒng)思考的時(shí)期”正確。

4.單選題

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Justoveradecadeintothe21stcentury,women’sprogresscanbecelebratedacrossarangeoffields.TheyholdthehighestpoliticalofficesfromThailandtoBrazil,CostaRicatoAustralia.AwomanholdsthetopspotattheInternationalMonetaryFund;anotherwontheNobelPrizeineconomics.Self-madebillionairesinBeijing,techinnovatorsinSiliconValley,pioneeringjusticesinGhana-intheseandcountlessotherareas,womenareleavingtheirmark.

Butholdtheapplause.InSaudiArabia,womenaren’tallowedtodrive.InPakistan,1,000womendieinhonorkillingseveryyear.Inthedevelopedworld,womenlagbehindmeninpayandpoliticalpower.ThepovertyrateamongwomenintheU.S.roseto14.5%lastyear.

Tomeasurethestateofwomen’sprogress.Newsweekranked165countries,lookingatfiveareasthataffectwomen’slives:treatmentunderthelaw,workforceparticipation,politicalpower,andaccesstoeducationandhealthcare.AnalyzingdatafromtheUnitedNationsandtheWorldEconomicForum,amongothers,andconsultingwithexpertsandacademics,wemeasured28factorstocomeupwithourrankings.

CountrieswiththehighestscorestendtobeclusteredintheWest,wheregenderdiscriminationisagainstthelaw,andequalrightsareconstitutionallyenshrined(神圣化).Butthereweresomesurprises.Someotherwisehigh-rankingcountrieshadrelativelylowscoresforpoliticalrepresentation.Canadarankedthirdoverallbut26thinpower,behindcountriessuchasCubaandBurundi.Doesthissuggestthatawomaninanation’stopofficetranslatestobetterlivesforwomeningeneral?Notexactly.“Tryingtoquantifyormeasuretheimpactofwomeninpoliticsishardbecauseinveryfewcountrieshavetherebeenenoughwomeninpoliticstomakeadifference,”saysAnne-MarieGoetz,peaceandsecurityadviserforU.N.Women.

Ofcourse,noindexcanaccountforeverything.Declaringthatonecountryisbetterthananotherinthewaythatittreatsmorethanhalfitscitizensmeansrelyingonbroadstrokesandgeneralities.Somethingssimplycan’tbemeasured.Andcross-culturalcomparisonscan’taccountfordifferencesofopinion.

Certainconclusionsarenonethelessclear.Foronething,ourindexbacksupasimplebutprofoundstatementmadebyHillaryClintonattherecentAsia-PacificEconomicCooperationsummit.“Whenweliberatetheeconomicpotentialofwomen,weelevatetheeconomicperformanceofcommunities,nations,andtheworld,”shesaid.“Thereisastimulativeeffectthatkicksinwhenwomenhavegreateraccesstojobsandtheeconomiclivesofourcountries:Greaterpoliticalstability.Fewermilitaryconflicts.Morefood.Moreeducationalopportunityforchildren.Byharnessingtheeconomicpotentialofallwomen,weboostopportunityforallpeople.

21.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutwomen’sprogresssofar?

22.Inwhatcountrieshavewomenmadethegreatestprogress?

23.WhatdoNewsweekrankingsrevealaboutwomeninCanada?

24.WhatdoesAnne-MarieGoetzthinkofawomanbeinginanation’stopoffice?

25.WhatdoesHillaryClintonsuggestwedotomaketheworldabetterplace?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itstillleavesmuchtobedesired.

B.Itistooremarkabletobemeasured.

C.Ithasgreatlychangedwomen’sfate.

D.Itisachievedthroughhardstruggle.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Wherewomenholdkeypostsingovernment.

B.Wherewomen’srightsareprotectedbylaw.

C.Wherewomen’sparticipationinmanagementishigh.

D.Wherewomenenjoybettereducationandhealthcare.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theycareliteaboutpoliticalparticipation.

B.Theyaregenerallytreatedasequalsbymen.

C.Theyhaveasurprisinglylowsocialstatus.

D.Theyareunderrepresentedinpolitics.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itdoesnotnecessarilyraisewomen’spoliticalawareness.

B.Itdoesnotguaranteeabetterlifeforthenation’swomen.

C.Itenhanceswomen’sstatus.

D.Itboostswomen’sconfidence.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Givewomenmorepoliticalpower.

B.Stimulatewomen’screativity.

C.Allowwomenaccesstoeducation.

D.Tapwomen’seconomicpotential.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】21、【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“women’sprogress”可定位到第一段的第一句話“Justoveradecadeintothe21stcentury,women’sprogresscanbecelebratedacrossarangeoffields”（21世紀(jì)剛剛過去10年，女性在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域都取得了進(jìn)步），然后第一段緊接著介紹了女性取得了哪些進(jìn)步。再根據(jù)第二段第一句話“Butholdtheapplause”（但是別急著鼓掌）可知第二段又講述了在某些國(guó)家女性的狀況沒有那么好。所以可以推測(cè)本題女性雖然取得了進(jìn)步，但是還不夠，即A選項(xiàng)“還有需要進(jìn)步的地方”；B、C、D選項(xiàng)沒有原文依據(jù)，所以排除。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

22、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。由題干“countrieshavewomenmadethegreatestprogress”可定位到第四段第一句話“CountrieswiththehighestscorestendtobeclusteredintheWest,wheregenderdiscriminationisagainstthelaw,andequalrightsareconstitutionallyenshrined(神圣化)”（得分最高的國(guó)家往往集中在西方，那里性別歧視是違法的以及憲法保護(hù)男女平等權(quán)利），所以B選項(xiàng)“婦女權(quán)利受到法律保護(hù)”說法正確。女性擔(dān)任國(guó)家最高職務(wù)不完全意味著總體上女性的生活會(huì)更好，所以可以排除A、C選項(xiàng)；D選項(xiàng)不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

23、【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Newsweekrankings”定位到第三段的第二句話“Newsweekranked165countries”。根據(jù)上下文都是講的排名情況，再由第四段“Canadarankedthirdoverallbut26thinpower”可知是對(duì)前文的舉例說明，即“Someotherwisehigh-rankingcountrieshadrelativelylowscoresforpoliticalrepresentation”（其他一些排名靠前的國(guó)家在政治代表方面的得分相對(duì)較低），也就是表明加拿大的女性在政治代表方面的得分較低，因此D選項(xiàng)“她們?cè)谡紊系拇聿蛔恪狈项}意。A、B、C選項(xiàng)與加拿大的情況無關(guān)，所以排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

24、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到本文的第四段。根據(jù)上下文可知，引用Anne-MarieGoetz的話是為了說明前面的內(nèi)容，即第四段倒數(shù)第二句話“Doesthissuggestthatawomaninanation’stopofficetranslatestobetterlivesforwomeningeneral?Notexactly”（這是否意味著，女性擔(dān)任國(guó)家最高職務(wù)就意味著總體上女性的生活會(huì)更好？不完全是。）因此B選項(xiàng)“它不能保證這個(gè)國(guó)家的婦女過上更好的生活”說法正確。其余選項(xiàng)在原文中無相關(guān)表述。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

25、【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“HillaryClinton”定位到第六段第二句話，緊接著第三句話為她的觀點(diǎn)即“‘Whenweliberatetheeconomicpotentialofwomen,weelevatetheeconomicperformanceofcommunities,nations,andtheworld,’shesaid…forallpeople”，以上均為maketheworldabetterplace的具體表現(xiàn)，但是總結(jié)來說就是D選項(xiàng)“挖掘女性經(jīng)濟(jì)潛力”，且tap為harnessing的近義詞。A、B、C選項(xiàng)不是HillaryClinton的建議，她的建議主要是在經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域，所以排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.翻譯題

Attentiontodetailissomethingeveryonecanandshoulddoespeciallyinatightjobmarket.BobGrossley,ahuman-resourcesexpertnoticesthisinthejobapplicationsthatcomeacrosshisdeskeveryday.“It’samazinghowmanycandidateseliminatethemselves.”Hesays.

“Resume(簡(jiǎn)歷)arrivewithstains.Somecandidatesdon’tbothertospellthecompany’snamecorrectly.Onseeingsuchamistake,Ieliminatethecandidate,”Crossleyconcludes.“Iftheycannottakeofthesedetails,whyshouldwetrustthemwithajob?”

Canwepaytoomuchattentiontodetail?Absolutely.Perfectionistsstruggleoverlittlethingsatthecostofsomethinglargertheyworktoward.“Tokeepfromlosingtheforestofthetrees,”saysCharlesGarfield,associateprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,“wemustconstantlyaskourselveshowthedetailswe’reworkingonfitintothelargerpicture.Iftheydon’t,weshoulddropthemandmovetosomethingelse”.

Knowingwherewewanttogohelpsusjudgetheimportanceofeverytaskweundertake.Toooftenwebelievewhataccountsforothers’successissomespecialsecretoraluckybreak(機(jī)遇).Butrarelyissuccesssomysterious.Againandagain,weseethatbydoinglittlethingswithinourgraspwell,largerewardsfollow.

【答案】注重細(xì)節(jié)是每個(gè)人都可以而且應(yīng)該做到的事，尤其是在就業(yè)市場(chǎng)緊張的情況下。人力資源專家鮑勃?格羅斯利在他每天收到的求職申請(qǐng)中注意到了這一點(diǎn)。“有那么多候選人自我淘汰，真是令人吃驚?！彼f。

“收到的簡(jiǎn)歷上布滿污點(diǎn)。有些求職者連公司名稱都懶得拼對(duì)。一旦看到這樣的錯(cuò)誤，我就會(huì)淘汰這個(gè)候選人。”“如果他們不能顧及這些細(xì)節(jié)，我們?yōu)槭裁匆压ぷ魍懈督o他們？”

我們可以過于注重細(xì)節(jié)嗎？當(dāng)然。完美主義者總是為了一件小事花費(fèi)比事情本身更大的代價(jià)去完成。加州大學(xué)舊金山分校副教授查爾斯?加菲爾德說：“為了不失去樹中之林，我們必須不斷自問，我們正在處理的細(xì)節(jié)如何與大局相適應(yīng)。如果它們不適合，我們就應(yīng)該放棄它們，轉(zhuǎn)而做其他事情?！?/p>

了解我們的目的有助于我們判斷所承擔(dān)的每一項(xiàng)任務(wù)的重要性。我們常常認(rèn)為別人成功的原因是某種特殊的秘密或幸運(yùn)的機(jī)遇。但成功很少是如此神秘的。我們一次又一次地看到，在力所能及的范圍內(nèi)將一些小事做好，大的回報(bào)就會(huì)隨之而來。

6.單選題

Wecan（

）aconclusionfromthesefactswehavecollected.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.generalize

B.nominate

C.label

D.integrate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。generalize意為“概括，歸納”；nominate意為“提名，任命”；label意為“貼標(biāo)簽于”；integrate意為“(使)合并，成為一體”。

句意：我們可以從收集到的這些事實(shí)中歸納出一個(gè)結(jié)論。

7.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.Wedonotrealizethatwavinggood-byeisthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoone’sside,orthatinItalyandsomeLatin-Americancountries,curlingthefingertooneselfisasignoffarewell.ThoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterworldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthat“Gift”meanspoisoninGerman.Moreover,weliketothinkofourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm’slengthawayfromothers.LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.

Ourlinguistic(語言上的)andculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriend,businessandrespectintheworld.

EvenhereintheUnitedStates,wemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguagesonourpublicbuildingsormonuments;wedonothavemultilingualguidedtours.Veryfewrestaurantmenushavetranslations,andmultilingualwaiters,bankclerksandpolicemenarerare.OurtransportationsystemshaveEnglishonlyandoftenweourselveshavedifficultyunderstandingthem.Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Theattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericherwhospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation’sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.

Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.Afterall,Americawasthemostpowerfulcountryofthefreeworld,thedistributorofneededfundsandgoods.

Butallthatispast.Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthings,andweareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreported55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs;wewanttohaveahandintheimportantdecisionsofthenextcentury,eventhoughitmaynotalwaysbetheupperhand.

1.ItcanbeinferredthatAmericansbeingapproachedtoocloselybyMiddleEasternerswouldmostprobable（

）.

2.TheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericansfortheir（

）.

3.IncountriesotherthantheirownmostAmericans（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,American’sculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorancewill（

）.

5.Theauthor’sintentioninwritingthisarticleistomakeAmericansrealizethat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.standstill

B.jumpaside

C.stepforward

D.drawback

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.culturalself-centeredness

B.casualmanners

C.indifferencetowardsforeignvisitors

D.arrogancetowardsothercultures

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.areisolatedbythelocalpeople

B.arenotwellinformedduetothelanguagebarrier

C.tendtogetalongwellwiththenatives

D.needinterpretersinhotelsandrestaurants

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.affecttheirimagesinthenewera

B.cutthemselvesofffromtheoutsideworld

C.limittheirroleinworldaffairs

D.weakenthepositionoftheUSdollar

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.itisdangeroustoignoretheirforeignfriends

B.itisimportanttomaintaintheirleadingroleinworldaffairs

C.itisnecessarytouseseverallanguagesinpublicplaces

D.itistimetogetacquaintedwithothercultures

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題干：中東人距離美國(guó)人太近會(huì)最可能……A選項(xiàng)“站著不動(dòng)”；B選項(xiàng)“跳到一邊”；C選項(xiàng)“走得更近”；D選項(xiàng)“使保持距離”。定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第一二句話Moreover,weliketothinkofourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm’slengthawayfromothers.LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.（此外，我們喜歡認(rèn)為自己是友好的，但拉丁人和中東人更喜歡與他人至少3英尺或1臂的距離，這讓美國(guó)人感到不舒服。）以及第二段第一句linguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriend,businessandrespectintheworld（語言和文化上的盲目性，以及我們對(duì)其他國(guó)家的品味、手勢(shì)、習(xí)俗和語言的不上心，正在使我們?cè)谑澜缟鲜ヅ笥选⑸夂妥鹬?。），從這里可以看出美國(guó)人不喜歡別人離得很近，而且比較自我，所以在別人離得很近的時(shí)候最有可能的反應(yīng)就是和他們保持距離，所以答案選D選項(xiàng)，其他選項(xiàng)不符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。題干：作者舉了許多例子來批評(píng)美國(guó)人的……。A選項(xiàng)“文化自我中心”；B選項(xiàng)“隨意的態(tài)度”；C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)外國(guó)游客的冷漠”；D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)其他文化的傲慢”。定位到文章第一段第一句話OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.（我們的文化使大多數(shù)美國(guó)人認(rèn)為，不僅我們的語言是通用的，而且我們使用的手勢(shì)每個(gè)人都能理解），后面的例子包括美國(guó)的餐館等公共場(chǎng)所只有英文標(biāo)志，沒有其他語言的標(biāo)志，美國(guó)人出國(guó)旅游都需要翻譯，這些都表明了美國(guó)人的文化自我中心，所以答案選A；B、D選項(xiàng)文章沒有提及；C選項(xiàng)只是文化自我中心的一個(gè)例子。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：在其他國(guó)家，大多數(shù)美國(guó)人……A選項(xiàng)“被當(dāng)?shù)厝斯铝⒘恕保籅選項(xiàng)“由于語言障礙消息不會(huì)很靈通”；C選項(xiàng)“和當(dāng)?shù)厝讼嗵幍煤芎谩保籇選項(xiàng)“酒店及餐廳需要翻譯”。第三段第五、六、七句：Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Theattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericherwhospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation’sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.（當(dāng)我們出國(guó)時(shí)，我們傾向于聚集在說英語的酒店和餐館。我們獲取的態(tài)度和信息是由那些本地人決定的——通常是那些說英語的富人。我們的商業(yè)往來，以及國(guó)家的外交，都是通過翻譯官進(jìn)行的）。從這里可以看出因?yàn)槊绹?guó)人的消息是會(huì)英語的富人提供的，所以消息不會(huì)很靈通，B選項(xiàng)正確；A、C、D選項(xiàng)文章沒有提及。

第4題:判斷推理題。題干：根據(jù)作者，美國(guó)人的文化盲目性和語言無知將……A選項(xiàng)“影響他們?cè)谛聲r(shí)代的形象”；B選項(xiàng)“切斷自己與外界的聯(lián)系”；C選項(xiàng)“限制他們?cè)趪?guó)際事務(wù)中的作用”；D選項(xiàng)“削弱美元的地位”。第四段第一句AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.（美國(guó)人和美國(guó)人可以忍受文化盲目性和語言無知）最后一段第二三句話Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthings,andweareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreported55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs（美元不再能買到所有好東西，我們開始慢慢意識(shí)到我們?cè)谑澜缟系倪m當(dāng)角色正在發(fā)生變化。1979年哈里斯民意調(diào)查顯示，55%的美國(guó)人希望美國(guó)在國(guó)際事務(wù)中發(fā)揮更重要的作用），從這里可以看出以前美國(guó)人能夠承受文化自我中心帶來的后果，但是隨著美元的衰落，美國(guó)這種自我中心的心態(tài)已經(jīng)影響了美國(guó)人在國(guó)際事務(wù)中的地位，所以答案選C；整篇文章沒有提到美國(guó)人的形象問題以及美國(guó)人與世隔絕了，所以B選項(xiàng)不選。A、D選項(xiàng)與題無關(guān)。

第5題:主旨大意題。題干：作者寫這篇文章的目的就是要讓美國(guó)人意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。A選項(xiàng)“忽視他們的外國(guó)朋友是危險(xiǎn)的”；B選項(xiàng)“保持他們?cè)趪?guó)際事務(wù)中的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用是重要的”；C選項(xiàng)“在公共場(chǎng)所使用幾種語言是必要的”；D選項(xiàng)“是時(shí)候去了解其他文化了”。整篇文章都是圍繞美國(guó)的文化自我中心來展開的，比如第一段第一句OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone（美國(guó)文化讓大多數(shù)美國(guó)人認(rèn)為，不僅我們的語言是通用的，而且我們的手勢(shì)每個(gè)人都能理解）第二段第一句Ourlinguisticandculturalblindness（我們語言和文化上的盲目）第四段第一句的culturalblindness（文化上的盲目）。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中唯一講文化的只有D選項(xiàng)，所以答案選D。A、B、C選項(xiàng)只是對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的截取。

8.填空題

Chongqing（1）tobepartofSichuan,butitwas（2）fromtheprovincein1997andmade（3）self-governingmunicipality.Thenewpoliticalunithasapopulation（4）about33millionpeople,butonly7.5millionofthemliveintheurbanarea.The（5）ofthemliveinthenearbydistrictsthatarepartofthemunicipality.

【答案】1.used

2.separated

3.a

4.of

5.rest

【解析】1.固定搭配。usedtobe曾經(jīng)是。

2.固定搭配。beseparatedfrom與……分離

3.語法分析。此處填不定冠詞a,表示“一個(gè)”。

4.語義題。Hasapopulationof后面接具體人數(shù)表示“有…人”。

5.語義題。Rest其余的。

9.單選題

Youmustinsistthatstudentsgiveatruthfulanswer（）withtherealityoftheirworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.relevant

B.simultaneous

C.consistent

D.practical

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)relevant表示“相關(guān)的；中肯的”，常與介詞to搭配，B選項(xiàng)simultaneous表示“同時(shí)的，同時(shí)發(fā)生的”，C選項(xiàng)consistent表示“一致的；連續(xù)的”，常與介詞with搭配，D選項(xiàng)practical表示“實(shí)際的；實(shí)踐的”。由題干信息可知，原文空缺處單詞需與with構(gòu)成搭配，表示“與……一致”，因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C選項(xiàng)。句意：你必須堅(jiān)持要求學(xué)生的真實(shí)回答要與他們的現(xiàn)實(shí)世界一致。

10.單選題

WhileParkerisveryoutspokenonissuesshecaresabout,sheisnot（

）

;sheconcedesthestrengthofopposingargumentswhensheexposesweaknessesinherentinherown.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.validity

B.arrogant

C.congenial

D.fanatical

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞和形容詞詞義辨析。validity“有效性；正確；正確性”；arrogant“自大的；目中無人的”;congenial“意氣相投的；一致的”；fanatical“狂熱的”。句意：盡管Parker在自己所關(guān)心的問題上非常直言不諱，但是她卻____；當(dāng)自身的內(nèi)在短處被暴露時(shí)她會(huì)承認(rèn)對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。由Sheconcedesthestrengthofopposingargumentswhensheexposesweaknessesinherentinherown.當(dāng)自身的內(nèi)在短處被暴露時(shí)她會(huì)承認(rèn)對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)?？赏茢郟arker不是一個(gè)傲慢無禮的人。故B項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theytryhardtoavoidgettingoffonthewrongfoot.

B.Theyspendtoomuchtimeanticipatingtheirdefeat.

C.Theytaketoomanyirrelevantfactorsintoaccount.

D.Theymakecarefulpreparationsbeforehand.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Mentalimagesofteninterferewithathletes’performance.

B.Golfersusuallyhavepositivementalimagesofthemselves.

C.Thinkinghasthesameeffectonthenervoussystemasdoing.

D.Aperson’snervoussystemismorecomplicatedthanimagined.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Anticipatepossibleproblems.

B.Makealistofdo’sanddon’ts.

C.Trytoappearmoreprofessional.

D.Picturethemselvessucceeding.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Shewonherfirstjurytrial.

B.Sheworeadesignerdress.

C.Shepresentedmovingpictures.

D.Shedidnotspeakloudenough.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】PassageOne

[9]Whenfacinganewsituation,somepeopletendtorehearsetheirdefeatbyspendingtoomuchtimeanticipatingtheworst.Iremembertalkingwithayounglawyerwhowasabouttobeginherfirstjurytrial.Shewasverynervous.Iaskedwhatimpressionshewantedtomakeonthejury.Shereplied,“Idon’twanttolooktooinexperienced;Idon’twantthemtosuspectthisismyfirsttrial.”Thislawyerhadfallenvictimtothe“don’ts”syndrome—aformofnegativegoalsetting.The“don’ts”canbeself-fulfillingbecauseyourmindrespondstopictures.

[10]ResearchconductedatStanfordUniversityshowsamentalimagefiresthenervoussystemthesamewayasactuallydoingsomething.Thatmeanswhenagolferforetellshimself“Don’thittheballintothewater”,hismindseestheimageoftheballflyingintothewater.Soguesswheretheballwillgo.

Consequently,beforegoingintoanystressfulsituation,[11]focusonlyonwhatyouwanttohavehappen.Iaskedthelawyeragainhowshewantedtoappearatherfirsttrial,andthistimeshesaid,“Iwanttolookprofessionalandself-assured.”Itoldhertocreateapictureofwhatself-assuredwouldlooklike.Toher,itmeantmovingconfidentlyaroundthecourtroom,usingconvincingbodylanguageandprojectinghervoice,soitcouldbeheardfromthejudge’sbenchtothebackdoor.Shealsoimaginedaskillfulclosingargumentandawinningtrial.Afewweeksafterthispositivestressrehearsal,[12]theyounglawyerdidwin.

9.Whatdosomepeopledowhentheyfaceanewsituation?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問當(dāng)一些人面對(duì)一個(gè)新的情況時(shí)，他們會(huì)做什么?錄音開頭提及，在面對(duì)全新的情況時(shí)，有些人老是預(yù)料自己可能會(huì)失敗的情形，會(huì)花太多時(shí)間去想事情最壞的情況。B選項(xiàng)“他們花太多時(shí)間去預(yù)料失敗的情況”中的theirdefeat是對(duì)錄音原文中theworst的替換，與原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們努力避免出師不利”；C選項(xiàng)“他們考慮了太多不相關(guān)的因素”和D選項(xiàng)“他們事先作了周密的準(zhǔn)備”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。

10.WhatdoestheresearchconductedatStanfordUniversityshow?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問斯坦福大學(xué)的研究表明了什么?錄音中提及，一項(xiàng)在斯坦福大學(xué)進(jìn)行的研究表明，大腦想象激發(fā)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的方式與實(shí)際做某事的方式相同，也就是說，“想”和“做”對(duì)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的影響是一樣的，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“大腦想象經(jīng)常影響運(yùn)動(dòng)員的表現(xiàn)”和D選項(xiàng)“人的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)比想象中復(fù)雜得多”在錄音中均沒有提及，因此排除；B選項(xiàng)“高爾夫球手通常對(duì)自己有積極的大腦想象”與錄音中提到的高爾夫球手的例子剛好相反，因此不正確。

11.Whatadvicedoesthespeakergivetopeopleinastressfulsituation?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問說話者給處于壓力下的人們什么建議?說話者指出：在面對(duì)有壓力的情況時(shí)，只需集中精神去想你希望發(fā)生的事情。D選項(xiàng)“想象自己成功的畫面”與錄音內(nèi)容表述相符，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“預(yù)見可能出現(xiàn)的問題”；B選項(xiàng)“列出注意事項(xiàng)”在錄音中均未提及；C選項(xiàng)“試著表現(xiàn)得更專業(yè)些”是說話人提及的某位新手律師的情況，并不是對(duì)一般人的普遍建議，因此排除。

12.Whatdowelearnaboutthelawyerinthecourt?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于法庭上的律師，我們知道什么？說話者對(duì)那位第一次參與陪審團(tuán)庭審案件的律師說，她只需要在過程中想象自己自信的樣子是怎樣就行了。錄音結(jié)尾提到，這位律師最后贏了那場(chǎng)官司。A選項(xiàng)“她在首次參與的陪審團(tuán)庭審案件中打贏了官司”與原文表述相符，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“她穿了設(shè)計(jì)師禮服”在錄音中沒有信息提及；C選項(xiàng)“她展示了移動(dòng)的畫面”利用moving設(shè)置干擾，實(shí)際上錄音原文并沒有提及，因此排除；D選項(xiàng)“她說話的聲音不夠大”，錄音提到，這位律師上庭前想象自己自信的樣子，其中包括在法庭中發(fā)言響亮，可見她后來在庭上發(fā)言時(shí)是足夠大聲的，因此D選項(xiàng)不正確。

12.單選題

ThefirstcoinstoappearintheWesternworldwereissuedbytheLydiansandtheIonianGreeksintheeighthcenturyB.C.Thesecoins,whichweremadeofelectrum,anaturalcombinationofgoldandsilver,wereirregularinweightandqualityandapparentlyofprivateissue.ThepuregoldandsilvercoinswithrelatedvalueswhichappearedduringthereignofCr