閱讀理解技巧點(diǎn)撥間接信息題講義-高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)

高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)備考：閱讀理解技巧點(diǎn)撥（間接信息題）理解文中具體信息——簡(jiǎn)接信息題間接信息題要求考生對(duì)原文陳述的事實(shí)作出解釋或判斷，正確選項(xiàng)和原文在表述上有一定的變化，往往是原文信息的同義替換或歸納概括。上一期中講到的根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位信息句的方法同樣適用于解答間接信息題，但要注意這里的關(guān)鍵詞有時(shí)是原文信息的同義或近義表達(dá)，甚至可能對(duì)原文進(jìn)行了一定的概括和總結(jié)，因此考生要準(zhǔn)確理解題干的意思，然后在文中找出與題干中心意思一致的信息。此外，在解答間接信息題時(shí)，我們還可采用排除法，這就要求我們了解選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)。間接信息題的正確選項(xiàng)不會(huì)照搬原文，會(huì)對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行改寫(xiě)，常見(jiàn)的改寫(xiě)方式有：替換原文中的關(guān)鍵詞；改變關(guān)鍵詞的詞性；簡(jiǎn)化語(yǔ)言表達(dá)。干擾項(xiàng)往往根據(jù)文中的某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)設(shè)置，常有以下幾種情況：①無(wú)中生有：選項(xiàng)信息在文中根本沒(méi)有提到或與文中信息完全相反；②張冠李戴：把A事物的信息加諸在B事物上；③斷章取義：選項(xiàng)中含有部分原文信息，但整體描述不準(zhǔn)確（這種選項(xiàng)的干擾性最強(qiáng)，考生在答題時(shí)要特別注意）。下面我們結(jié)合高考真題對(duì)這種題型的解題技巧具體說(shuō)明。例1：（2020年高考英語(yǔ)全國(guó)I卷B篇，保留原題號(hào)，下同）...TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspring,isErnestHemingway'sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it'shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的),anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime....25.WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeast?A.It'sabriefaccountofatrip.B.It'saboutHemingway'slifeasayoungman.C.It'sarecordofahistoricevent.D.It'saboutHemingway'sfriendsinParis.【分析】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章結(jié)合作者本人重讀熟悉的、喜歡的書(shū)的經(jīng)歷，表明了重讀這種讀書(shū)方式對(duì)他的重要意義。25.根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞AMoveableFeast，我們可將答案定位在第三段。本段中的Publishedin1964,it'shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating,anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime介紹了海明威的《流動(dòng)的盛宴》的內(nèi)容，其中的memoir（自傳）、anagingwriterlookingbackon（一位上了年紀(jì)的作家回顧）表明這本書(shū)寫(xiě)的是作者海明威自己年輕時(shí)的經(jīng)歷。B項(xiàng)中的young是對(duì)aging、lookingbackon、anambitiousyetsimplertime等表達(dá)的歸納概括，故選B項(xiàng)。例2：（2020年高考英語(yǔ)全國(guó)I卷C篇）...Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays.Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Nordbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner'sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport'sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.29.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?A.It'smorepopularattheOlympics.B.It'slesschallengingphysically.C.It'smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.D.It'slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.30.WhatisDr.Nordberg’ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?A.Gettingexperts'opinions.B.Havingamedicalcheckup.C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.D.Doingregularexercises.【分析】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了競(jìng)走這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的諸多好處，并給想要嘗試競(jìng)走的人提出了建議。29.題干中的關(guān)鍵詞advantage對(duì)原文多項(xiàng)信息進(jìn)行了概括和總結(jié)，包括：racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes以及someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner'sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers。通過(guò)對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可知，D項(xiàng)正確。D項(xiàng)是原文信息someoftheinjuries...suchasrunner'sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers的同義表達(dá)。本題B項(xiàng)干擾性較強(qiáng)，因?yàn)槲闹刑岬降膔acewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes與lesschallengingphysically在意義上有所關(guān)聯(lián)，但其實(shí)這一干擾性屬于斷章取義。根據(jù)第三段中的Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding可知，競(jìng)走與跑步一樣，對(duì)身體要求也很高，由此可排除B項(xiàng)。30.題干中的關(guān)鍵詞為Dr.Nordberg’ssuggestion和someonetryingracewalking，由此我們可將答案定位到最后一段中的anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays。此句中的she指代Dr.Norberg；should是提建議的常用詞。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可知，A項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)是信息句中consultacoachorexperiencedracer的同義表達(dá)。例3：（2020年7月高考英語(yǔ)浙江卷C篇）...ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers'memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,thescientistsaskedthesamegrouptocomebacktothelabevery18monthstotakethesamesortsoftests.Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating(刺激),demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitivefunctionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentallychallengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants'overallhealthstatus....28.Whydidthescientistsaskthevolunteerstotakethetests?A.Toassesstheirhealthstatus.B.Toevaluatetheirworkhabits.C.Toanalyzetheirpersonality.D.Tomeasuretheirmentalability.【分析】本文是說(shuō)明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，從事需要大量分析思維、策劃能力以及其他的管理技能的具有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作能使大腦得到鍛煉，使人年老時(shí)仍然保持敏銳。28.題干中的關(guān)鍵詞為volunteers和tests，由此可將答案定位到第二段。本段明確指出了測(cè)試的具體內(nèi)容：assessedthevolunteers'memoryandthinkingskills，由此可知，科學(xué)家對(duì)于志愿者的測(cè)試是為了評(píng)估他們的智力情況，D項(xiàng)正確。D項(xiàng)中的measure是文中assess的同義替代，mentalability是對(duì)memoryandthinkingskills的概括。本題A項(xiàng)干擾性較強(qiáng)，因?yàn)閍ssess和healthstatus都是原文詞匯，但根據(jù)Theresult