考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南昌工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南昌工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thecommissionwouldfinditself（）ateveryturnifitsmemberscouldn’treachanagreement.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.collided

B.displeased

C.crumbled

D.hampered

【答案】D

【解析】collided碰撞，沖突；displeased生氣的；crumbled破碎的；hampered受阻的。句意：如果委員們不能達(dá)成協(xié)議，委員會(huì)就會(huì)處處受阻。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

2.單選題

Forprofessionalathletes,（）totheOlympicsmeansthattheyhaveachancetoenterthehistorybook.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.access

B.attachment

C.appeal

D.approach

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。access“通道，進(jìn)入，機(jī)會(huì)”；attachment“附件，依戀”；appeal“呼吁，懇求”；approach“方法，方式”。句意：對(duì)于專(zhuān)業(yè)的運(yùn)動(dòng)員來(lái)說(shuō)，有機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)去奧林匹克意味著他們有機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)去歷史書(shū)。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Theconceptofpersonalchoice（）healthbehaviorsisanimportantone.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.infaceof

B.incaseof

C.inrelationto

D.inchargeof

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)infaceof“面對(duì)、面臨”；B選項(xiàng)incaseof“假如、萬(wàn)一”；C選項(xiàng)inrelationto“關(guān)于、涉及”；D選項(xiàng)inchargeof“負(fù)責(zé)、掌管”，句意：個(gè)人選擇與健康行為的關(guān)系是一個(gè)重要的概念。個(gè)人選擇與健康行為是相關(guān)的關(guān)系，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

1.Theideawasapowerfulvariableinexplainingwhysomecountriesfaredfarbetterthanothers:topromoteincomegrowthovermanyyears,heavyinvestmentinschoolingwasnecessary.Andithelpedexplaintheshrinkageoffamiliesinwealthycountries:ifincreasingvalueisplacedonhumancapital,parentsmustinvestmoreineachchild,makinglargefamiliescostly.ManycriticsbristledatBecker’smarket-drivenlogic,whichseemedtoreducepeopletocold,calculatingmachine.

2.Whichisit?Thehomeoffreespeech,theruleoflawandtherichworld’smostdynamiceconomy?Oralandofsocialdecay,septicpoliticsandtherichworld’sworstroadsandschools?Americadividesforeignobserves.Itdividesforeignfirms,too.Somebossesfallheadoverheelsforitsinsatiableconsumersanddazzlingtechnology.Otherexecutivesareputoffbyitsinsufferablelawyersandhypocriticalprotectionism.DonaldTrumppromisestogiveforeignfirmsarudeawakeningwhenhereachestheWhiteHouse:lastmonthhebeatupToyotaformakingcarsinMexicoandsellingthemnorthoftheborder.ButintruthmanyforeignfirmsfelloutoflovewithAmericayearsago.

【答案】1.在解釋為何一些國(guó)家比其他國(guó)家過(guò)得好得多時(shí)，這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的變量：對(duì)教育進(jìn)行大量的投資是有必要的，為了促進(jìn)多年來(lái)的收入增長(zhǎng)。而且該觀點(diǎn)也有助于解釋富裕國(guó)家里的家庭規(guī)?？s小的原因：如果人力資本的價(jià)值不斷増加，那么父母就必須要為在每個(gè)孩子身上投入更多，而這會(huì)使得大家庭的成本更大。許多批評(píng)者對(duì)貝克爾的市場(chǎng)驅(qū)動(dòng)邏輯感到憤怒，該邏輯似乎讓人變得冷漠、精于計(jì)算。

2.美國(guó)屬于哪一種呢？是言論自由、法治之地、富裕世界中最具活力的經(jīng)濟(jì)體？還是社會(huì)墮落、政治腐敗、道路和學(xué)校狀況都是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家中最糟糕的國(guó)家？外國(guó)觀察家對(duì)美國(guó)的情況看法不一。外國(guó)公司也同樣如此。一些老板為其無(wú)法滿足的消費(fèi)者和眼花繚亂的技術(shù)而神魂顛倒。其他高管則對(duì)其令人難以忍受的律師和虛偽的保護(hù)主義而感到厭惡。唐納德?特朗普承諾當(dāng)他入主白宮后，會(huì)讓外國(guó)公司如夢(mèng)初醒：上個(gè)月，他嚴(yán)厲譴責(zé)了豐田在墨西哥生產(chǎn)汽車(chē)并向美國(guó)北部銷(xiāo)售的行為。但事實(shí)上，許多外國(guó)公司在多年前就失去了對(duì)美國(guó)的興趣了。

5.單選題

Thishouseneeds______.Iwillcalltherepaircompanytomorrow.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobepaint

B.painting

C.topainting

D.painted

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞用法。句意：這房子需要維修。我明天給維修公司打電話。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里是指房子需要被維修，某人/某物需要被做某事用sb./sth.needdoing，所以B選項(xiàng)painting符合題意，故正確。sb.needtodo表示某人需要做某事，表示主動(dòng)意味，所以A選項(xiàng)tobepaint不符合用法。其余選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketopandemicflutoclimatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto.

Butsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossilrecordshowsthatmanyspecieshaveenduredformillionsofyears—sowhyshouldn’twe?Takeabroaderlookatourspecies’placeintheuniverse,anditbecomesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchanceofsurvivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears(see“100,000AD:Livinginthedeepfuture”).LookupHomosapiensintheIUCN’s“RedList”ofthreatenedspecies,andyouwillread:"ListedasLeast

Concernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline.”

Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?Agrowingnumberofresearchersandorganizationsarenowthinkingseriouslyaboutthatquestion.Forexample,theLongNowFoundation,basedinSanFrancisco,hascreatedaforumwherethinkersandscientistsareinvitedtoprojecttheimplicationsoftheirideasoververylongtimescales.Itsflagshipprojectisamechanicalclock,burieddeepinsideamountaininTexas,thatisdesignedtostillbemarkingtimethousandsofyearshence.

Thentherearescientistswhoaregivingseriousconsiderationtotheideathatweshouldrecognizeanewgeologicalera:theAnthropocene.They,too,arepullingthecamerarightbackandaskingwhathumanity’simpactwillbeontheplanet-inthecontextofstratigraphictime.

Perhapsperversely,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture.Thepotentialevolutionoftoday’stechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,andit’sperhapsbestlefttoscience-fictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That’sonereasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture.

Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthatwecansaywithconsiderableassurance.Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenowidentifiedenoughofthelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanet,andourspecies,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendantswillfindthemselves.

Thislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticviewofourprospectsseemmorelikelytobeapassingfad.Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosy:whileourspeciesmayflourish,agreatmanyindividualsmaynot.Butwearenowknowledgeableenoughtomitigatemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceofearlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetocome.Thinkingaboutourplaceindeeptimeisagoodwaytofocusonthechallengesthatconfrontustoday,andtomakeafutureworthlivingin.

1.Ourvisionofthefutureusedtobeinspiredby（

）.

2.TheIUCN“RedList”suggeststhathumanbeingsare

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph5?

4.Toensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucialto

（

）.

5.AWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ourdesireforfulfillment

B.ourfaithinscienceandtechnology

C.ourawarenessofpotentialrisks

D.ourbeliefinequalopportunity

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.asustainedspecies

B.theworld’sdominantpower

C.athreattotheenvironment

D.amisplacedrace

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Archelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalstudies.

B.Technologyofferssolutionstosocialproblem.

C.Theinterestinsciencefictionisontherise.

D.OurImmediatefutureishardtoconceive.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.exploreourplanet'sabundantresources

B.adoptanoptimisticviewoftheworld

C.drawonourexperiencefromthepast

D.curbourambitiontoreshapehistory

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.UncertaintyaboutOurFuture

B.EvolutionoftheHumanSpecies

C.TheEver-brightProspectsofMankind

D.Science,TechnologyandHumanity

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。第一段指出:Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketopandemicflutoclimatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto(隨著我們對(duì)自身所面臨的各種從小行星碰撞到流感、氣候變化的威脅已更深入地了解，如今烏托邦(即理想中最美好的社會(huì))已變得過(guò)時(shí)。你甚至可能禁不住地去認(rèn)為人類(lèi)幾乎沒(méi)有未來(lái)可期待)。因此可推知B項(xiàng)“我們相信科學(xué)和技術(shù)”正確。

2.判斷推理題。第二段中:ListedasLeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline(人類(lèi)分布非常廣泛、適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)、數(shù)量正在不斷增加且沒(méi)有任何大的威脅會(huì)導(dǎo)致人類(lèi)總?cè)丝诘南陆?，所以人?lèi)被列為最不瀕危的物種),因此選A項(xiàng)“一種可持續(xù)的物種”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第五段指出:Perhapsperversely,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture(或許反常的是相比考慮不久的將來(lái)，考慮如此長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的未來(lái)可能更容易),因此選D項(xiàng)“我們不久的將來(lái)難以設(shè)想”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。倒數(shù)第二段指出:Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture...(如同經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的那樣，過(guò)去是掌握未來(lái)的關(guān)鍵……),因此選C項(xiàng)“利用我們來(lái)自過(guò)去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。

5.主旨大意題。文章指出:你甚至可能禁不住地去認(rèn)為人類(lèi)幾乎沒(méi)有未來(lái)可期待。然而這樣的沮喪卻是一種錯(cuò)誤判斷?；涗洷砻骱芏辔锓N已生存了數(shù)百萬(wàn)年，因此為何我們?nèi)祟?lèi)不可能生存數(shù)百萬(wàn)年呢？,因此C項(xiàng)“人類(lèi)的前景總是光明”比較適合作文章標(biāo)題。

7.單選題

Theideaoftravelingthrough（

）spacetootherplanetsinterestsmanypeopletoday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.a

B.the

C./

D.one

【答案】C

【解析】考查冠詞。句意：漫游太空去另一個(gè)星球這個(gè)想法現(xiàn)在引起了很多人的興趣。

sun、star一樣是物質(zhì)名詞，是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物，所以前面應(yīng)該加定冠詞the，因此答案選C。特指世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物或自然現(xiàn)象。但space表示“太空”，nature表示“大自然”時(shí)，均不能與冠詞連用。

8.單選題

Businesstourismisverylucrativeasbusinesstravelershaveahigherspendthanleisuretourists,which（）createsmorejobs.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inessence

B.incontrast

C.inturn

D.inpart

【答案】D

【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)inessence表示“本質(zhì)上，大體上”；B選項(xiàng)incontrast表示“與之相反，比較起來(lái)”；C選項(xiàng)inturn表示“反過(guò)來(lái)，輪流”；D選項(xiàng)inpart表示“部分地，在某種程度上”。由句意可知，商務(wù)旅游是非常有利可圖的，因?yàn)樯虅?wù)旅行者比休閑游客有更高的消費(fèi)，這___創(chuàng)造了更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有D選項(xiàng)最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

Spaceisadangerousplace,notonlybecauseofmeteors（流星）butalsobecauseofraysfromthesunandotherstars.Theatmosphereagainactsasourprotectiveblanketonearth.Lightgetsthrough,andthisisessentialforplantstomakethefoodwhichweeat.Heat,too3makesourenvironmentendurable.Variouskindsofrayscomethroughtheairfromouterspace,butenormousquantitiesofradiationfromthesunarescreenedoff.Assoonasmenleavetheatmospheretheyareexposedtothisradiationbuttheirspacesuitsorthewallsoftheirspacecraft,iftheyareinside,dopreventalotofradiationdamage.

Radiationisthegreatestknowndangertoexplorersinspace.Theunitofradiationiscalled“rem”.Scientistshavereasontothinkthatamancanputupwithfarmoreradiationthan0.1remwithoutbeingdamaged;thefigureof60remshasbeenagreedon.Thetroubleisthatitisextremelydifficulttobesureaboutradiationdamageapersonmayfeelperfectlywell,butthecellsofhisorhersexorgansmaybedamaged,andthiswillnotbediscovereduntilthebirthofdeformedchildrenorevengrandchildren.

MissionsoftheApolloflightshavehadtocrossbeltsofhighamountofrems.Sofar,nodangerousamountsofradiationhavebeenreported,buttheApollomissionshavebeenquiteshort.Wesimplydonotknowyethowmenaregoingtogetonwhentheyspendweeksandmonthsoutsidetheprotectionoftheatmosphere,workinginaspacelaboratory.Drugsmighthelptodecreasethedamagedonebyradiation,butnoreallyeffectiveoneshavebeenfound,sofar.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theatmosphereisessentialtomaninthat（）.

2.Weknowfromthepassagethat（）.

3.Theharmradiation,hasclonetotheApollocrewmembers（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itprotectshimagainsttheharmfulraysfromspace

B.itprovidessufficientlightforplantgrowth

C.itsuppliestheheatnecessaryforhumansurvival

D.itscreensoffthefallingmeteors

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.exposuretoeventinyamountsofradiationisfatal

B.theeffectofexposuretoradiationisslowincoming

C.radiationisavoidableinspaceexploration

D.astronautsinspacesuitsneedn'tworryaboutradiationdamage

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.issignificant

B.seemsoverestimated

C.isenormous

D.remainsunknown

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theApollomissionwasverysuccessful

B.protectionfromspaceradiationisnoeasyjob

C.astronautswillhavedeformedchildrenorgrandchildren

D.radiationisnotathreattowell-protectedspaceexplorers

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheAtmosphereandOurEnvironment

B.ResearchonRadiation

C.EffectsofSpaceRadiation

D.ImportanceofProtectionAgainstRadiation

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。Theatmosphereagainactsasourprotectiveblanketonearth.Variouskindsofrayscomethroughtheairfromouterspace,butenormousquantitiesofradiationfromthesunarescreenedoff.Assoonasmenleavetheatmospheretheyareexposedtothisradiationbuttheirspacesuitsorthewallsoftheirspacecraft,iftheyareinside,dopreventalotofradiationdamage.大氣層再次成為我們?cè)诘厍蛏系谋Ｗo(hù)層。各種光線通過(guò)空氣來(lái)自外太空,但大量的來(lái)自太陽(yáng)的輻射被屏蔽掉。一旦人類(lèi)離開(kāi)大氣層就會(huì)暴露在輻射里，但是他們的宇航服或者飛船的艙壁（如果他們是在飛船內(nèi)的話）確實(shí)會(huì)避免許多輻射的危害。據(jù)此可知大氣層保護(hù)人類(lèi)免受有害光線的影響。A項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文中第二段“Thetroubleisthatitisextremelydifficulttobesureaboutradiationdamage.Apersonmayfeelperfectlywell,butthecellsofhisorhersexorgansmaybedamaged,andthiswillnotbediscovereduntilthebirthofdeformedchildrenorevengrandchildren.問(wèn)題是，很難確定輻射的危害。一個(gè)人在受到輻射后感覺(jué)良好，但他或她的性器官細(xì)胞可能會(huì)受到損傷，而這要等到畸胎兒甚至孫輩出生后才能發(fā)現(xiàn)。據(jù)此可知輻射對(duì)人的危害不會(huì)立馬表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，而要過(guò)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能體現(xiàn)。故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“暴露在極小的輻射中也是致命的”與原文“Scientistshavereasontothinkthatamancanputupwithfarmoreradiationthan0.1remwithoutbeingdamaged;thefigureof60remshasbeenagreedon.科學(xué)家們有理由相信，一個(gè)人可以忍受遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)0.1雷姆的輻射而不受傷害;60雷姆的數(shù)字已經(jīng)達(dá)成一致?！辈环?。C項(xiàng)“在太空探索時(shí)輻射是可以避免的”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。D項(xiàng)“穿太空服的宇航員不用擔(dān)心輻射危害”與"Assoonasmenleavetheatmospheretheyareexposedtothisradiationbuttheirspacesuitsorthewallsoftheirspacecraft,iftheyareinside,dopreventalotofradiationdamage.一旦人們離開(kāi)大氣層，他們就會(huì)暴露在這種輻射下，但是如果他們?cè)陲w船里，他們的宇航服或太空船的墻壁，確實(shí)防止了大量的輻射損傷。"不符。故A項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。由最后一段“MissionsoftheApolloflightshavehadtocrossbeltsofhighamountofrems.Sofar,nodangerousamountsofradiationhavebeenreported,buttheApollomissionshavebeenquiteshort.阿波羅的飛行任務(wù)需要穿越大量的雷姆輻射帶。到目前為止，沒(méi)有危險(xiǎn)的輻射量的報(bào)告，但阿波羅任務(wù)是相當(dāng)短的?！笨芍⒉_宇航員是否受到輻射危害的影響還不得而知。故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一句"Drugsmighthelptodecreasethedamagedonebyradiation,butnoreallyeffectiveoneshavebeenfound,sofar."藥物可能有助于減少輻射造成的傷害，但迄今為止還沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)真正有效的藥物?？芍乐固蛰椛洳皇且患菀椎氖?。B項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。本文首先介紹了大氣層對(duì)人類(lèi)的重要性，接著講述了太空輻射的影響，最后表明目前還沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)真正有效能阻擋輻射的方法。故C項(xiàng)“太空輻射的影響”正確。

10.單選題

Itis（）thatmakesthefemalehorsetobenddownandlickitsnewbornfoal.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impulse

B.inspiration

C.incentive

D.instinct

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。impulse"推動(dòng),沖動(dòng)";inspiration"靈感,啟發(fā)";incentive"動(dòng)機(jī),刺激";instinct"本能,直覺(jué)"。句意：母馬彎下腰去舔它剛出生的小馬駒,這是一種本能。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

11.單選題

BecausepartsofthecontinentofSouthAfricaarestillcoveredwiththickforests,（）tosomepartsofitisstilldifficult.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.orientation

B.voyage

C.procession

D.access

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)orientation“方向，定向”；B選項(xiàng)voyage“航行”；C選項(xiàng)procession“隊(duì)伍，行列”；D選項(xiàng)access“通道，入口”。根據(jù)句意：由于南非大陸的一些地區(qū)仍然覆蓋著茂密的森林，進(jìn)入其中一些地區(qū)仍然很困難。表示通往某地的入口用access，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

12.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.

1.我們清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到，中國(guó)人口多，底子薄，城鄉(xiāng)、區(qū)域發(fā)展不平衡，資源環(huán)境約束加強(qiáng)，就業(yè)壓力增加，脫貧任務(wù)仍然很艱巨。中國(guó)已經(jīng)制定了未來(lái)五年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的藍(lán)圖，中國(guó)將堅(jiān)持以科學(xué)發(fā)展為主題，以加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式為主線，深化改革開(kāi)放，保障民生，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)期平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展和社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定。

2.文化并不僅限于語(yǔ)言，它包含了智力、感情和感官。要知道自己的文化傾向，最準(zhǔn)確的指標(biāo)是我們的直覺(jué)反應(yīng)。語(yǔ)言是另一種重要指標(biāo)，因?yàn)闆](méi)有多少人會(huì)用第二外語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)突如其來(lái)的痛楚或愉悅；但我們也有明顯的非語(yǔ)言指標(biāo)，如對(duì)食物的偏愛(ài)。正因?yàn)檫@些反應(yīng)不受我們自己或別人的支配和偽裝，所以準(zhǔn)確度很高。

3.隨著工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，人類(lèi)使用化石能源創(chuàng)造了巨大的物質(zhì)財(cái)富，但同時(shí)也產(chǎn)生了大量污染物和溫室氣體。全球能源、氣候變化和環(huán)境問(wèn)題越來(lái)越突出，成為人類(lèi)面臨的共同挑戰(zhàn)。代表們?cè)谶@次會(huì)議上就這個(gè)重大戰(zhàn)略性問(wèn)題交換看法，反映出本地區(qū)國(guó)家加強(qiáng)合作，應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的愿望和決心。

【答案】1.WearefullyawarethatChinaremainsadevelopingcountrywithlargepopulation,weakeconomicfoundationandunevendevelopmentamongdifferentregions.Itfacesintensifyingresourcesandenvironmentalconstraints,increasingemploymentpressureandalongbattletoeradicatepoverty.Chinahasdrawnupablueprintforitseconomicandsocialdevelopmentinthenextfiveyears.Itwillcontinuetofollowthescientificapproachtodevelopmentandfocusonacceleratingtransformationoftheeconomicdevelopmentpattern,inordertodeepenreformandopening-up,improvepeople’slivelihoodandensurethesteady,fastandlong-termeconomicgrowthandtheharmonyofthesociety.

2.Cultureisnotjustamatteroflanguage,itinvolvestheintellect,emotionsandsenses.Ourinstinctiveresponseisthemostaccurateindicatorofthetendencyofourculture.Andlanguageisanotherimportantindicator,sincefewpeoplewouldconveytheirfeelingsofsuddenpainandpleasureinasecondlanguage.Butclearlytherearenon-linguisticindicatorstoo,forexample,ourpreferenceforfood.Sincetheseresponsescannotbedominatedandcamouflagedbyourselvesorothers,theyhaveaveryhighdegreeofaccuracy.

3.Withtherapiddevelopmentofindustry,mankindhascreatedmaterialwealthbyusingfossilfuel，aswellaslotsofpollutantsandgreenhousegas.Theglobalpowersources,climatechangeandenvironmentalissuesaremoreandmoreprominentandhavebecomeachallengeforallthehumanbeings.Therepresentativesexchangetheiropinionsaboutthismajorstrategicproblematthemeeting,reflectingthedesireanddeterminationtoenhancethecooperationamongcountriesinthisregion.

13.單選題

Itisusefultobeabletopredicttheextent（）whichapricechangewillaffectsupplydemand.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.from

B.to

C.with

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

考查短語(yǔ)搭配。Which指先行詞theextent，空格處詞語(yǔ)應(yīng)與theextent相搭配，構(gòu)成to……extent。B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Nooneisso___asthepersonwhohasnowishtolearn.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensible

B.ignorant

C.useless

D.simple

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sensible“明智的；通情達(dá)理的；合乎情理的；意識(shí)到的；能感覺(jué)到的”；B選項(xiàng)ignorant“無(wú)知的；愚昧的”；C選項(xiàng)useless“無(wú)用的；無(wú)效的”；D選項(xiàng)simple“簡(jiǎn)單的；單純的；天真的”。句意：沒(méi)有人比不愿學(xué)習(xí)的人更___。本句表達(dá)“比不愿意學(xué)習(xí)的人更無(wú)知”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Whenpeoplespeakofsolarenergy,theythinkonlyofthesun’sraysheatingahomeor______electricityfromthesun.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.derive

B.ofderiving

C.deriving

D.toderive

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。Thinkof后面應(yīng)該接名詞或者動(dòng)名詞，故排除A、B、D項(xiàng)，只有C項(xiàng)正確。句意：當(dāng)人們談到太陽(yáng)能時(shí)，他們想到的只是用太陽(yáng)的光線來(lái)加熱房屋或從太陽(yáng)中獲得電力。因此該題選C。

16.單選題

Wealthynationshavefallenfarbehindontheiraid（

）totheworld’spoor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.commitments

B.engagements

C.responsibilities

D.applications

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)commitment“承諾，保證”；B選項(xiàng)engagement“約會(huì)，諾言”；C選項(xiàng)responsibility“責(zé)任，職責(zé)”；D選項(xiàng)application“應(yīng)用，申請(qǐng)”。

句意：富裕國(guó)家在對(duì)援助世界窮國(guó)的責(zé)任方面遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

17.單選題

Theathletehasbeenaccusedof（）hisperformancewithillegaldrugs,buthefirmlydeniesthecharges.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.enhancing

B.tendering

C.diluting

D.dispensing

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)enhancing“提高”；B選項(xiàng)tendering“提議”；C選項(xiàng)diluting“稀釋”；D選項(xiàng)dispensing“配發(fā)”。句意：這位運(yùn)動(dòng)員被指控使用違禁藥物提高成績(jī)，但他堅(jiān)決否認(rèn)這些指控。本句表示提高成績(jī)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

18.填空題

Socialchangeismorelikelytooccurinsocietieswherethereisamixtureofdifferentkindsofpeoplethaninsocietieswherepeoplearesimilarinmany（1）.Thesimple（2）forthisisthattherearemoredifferentwaysoflookingatthings（3）inthefirstkindofsociety.Therearemoreideas,moredisagreements

（4）

interest,andmoregroupsandorganizations（5）differentbeliefs.In（6）,thereisusuallyagreaterworldlyinterestandgreatertolerancein（7）societies.Allthesefactorstendtopromotesocialchangeby（8）moreareasoflifetodecision.Inasimple-racial（9）,thereare（10）occasionsforpeopletoseetheneedortheopportunityfor（11）becauseeverythingseemstobethesame.And（12）conditionsmaynotbesatisfactory,theyareatleastcustomaryandundisputed.

Socialchangeisalsolikelytooccurmorefrequentlyand（13）inthematerialaspectsoftheculturethaninthenon-material,forexample,intechnologyratherthaninvalues;inthe（14）basicandemotionalaspectsofsocietythanintheiropposites;informratherthanin（15）;andinelementsthatare（16）tothecultureratherthaninstrangeelements.

（17）,socialchangeiseasierifitisgradual.Forexample,itcomes（18）readilyinhumanrelationsonacontinuousscaleratherthanonewithsharpdifferences.Thisisonereasonwhychangehas（19）comemorequicklytoBlackAmericansas（20）tootherAmericanminorities,becauseofsharpdifferencebetweenthemandtheirwhitecounterparts.

A.takedown

B.turndown

C.cutdown

D.setdown

【答案】1、ways

2、reason

3、present

4、in

5、with

6、addition

7、mixed

8、opening

9、society

10、fewer

11、change

12、though/although

13、readily

14、less

15、substance

16、acceptable

17、Furthermore

18、more

19、not

20、compared

【解析】1、根據(jù)句意可知，這里指人們?cè)谠S多方面都很相似。inmanyways為常見(jiàn)搭配，表示在許多方面。

2、上句提到社會(huì)變革大多發(fā)生在融合了不同種族的人類(lèi)社會(huì)中，本句是解釋這個(gè)現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)的原因。

3、根據(jù)句意：一個(gè)很簡(jiǎn)單的原因是，有更多不同的方法看待存在于第一類(lèi)社會(huì)中的事物。presentin表示存在于，出現(xiàn)于。

4、in表示在...方面，原文指在興趣方面有更多的想法和分歧。

5、with表示擁有，原文指更多的團(tuán)體和組織擁有不同的信仰。

6、下文的內(nèi)容是對(duì)上文的補(bǔ)充，Inaddition表示補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。

7、這里講的是擁有不同種族人群的社會(huì)，用mixed表示混合的。

8、根據(jù)句意：所有這些因素都傾向于通過(guò)更多的生活領(lǐng)域來(lái)促進(jìn)社會(huì)變革。open表示打開(kāi)，開(kāi)放，符合原文句意，by+v-ing形式，所以這里填入opening。

9、本段前半部分提到的是擁有不同種族人群的社會(huì)，這里應(yīng)該指種族單一的社會(huì)。

10、根據(jù)下文，因?yàn)楹芏鄸|西都是一樣的，所以人們很少有機(jī)會(huì)看到變革的必要性或機(jī)會(huì)。fewer和上文的more相對(duì)。

11、根據(jù)原文可知，這里指社會(huì)變革。

12、根據(jù)句意：生活條件可能不令人滿意，但它們至少是一貫的無(wú)可爭(zhēng)議的。though/although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

13、根據(jù)句意可知，這里指社會(huì)變革在文化的物質(zhì)方面比在非物質(zhì)方面發(fā)生得更頻繁，也更容易發(fā)生。readily表示容易地。

14、根據(jù)句意，這里指在社會(huì)中不那么基礎(chǔ)的和不那么情緒化的方面。

15、填空處填入的詞應(yīng)和form相對(duì)，form表示形式上的，substance表示實(shí)質(zhì)上的，符合原文語(yǔ)境。

16、根據(jù)下文的strangeelements可推測(cè)，這里應(yīng)填入可接受的，合理的elements。

17、第三段是在前面兩段的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步加深，所以用Furthermore表示還有另一種情況。

18、根據(jù)句意：它更容易出現(xiàn)在持續(xù)的人際關(guān)系中，而不是出現(xiàn)在有明顯差異的人際關(guān)系中。morereadily表示更加容易，符合原文句意。

19、句意：這就是為什么變革在美國(guó)黑人當(dāng)中沒(méi)有來(lái)更快的原因。

20、原文句意指，跟美國(guó)少數(shù)民族相比較，所以用compared。

19.單選題

Mostofthepeoplewhoappearmostoftenandmostgloriouslyinthehistorybooksaregreatconquerorsandgeneralsandsoldiers,whereasthepeoplewhoreallyhelpedcivilizationforwardareoftennevermentionedatall.Wedonotknowwhofirstsetabrokenleg,ormaturedafield;butweknowallaboutthekillersanddestroyers.Ithinkmostpeoplebelievethatthegreatestcountriesarethosethathavebeateninbattlethegreatestnumberofothercountriesandruledoverthemasconquerors.

Itisjustpossibletheyare,buttheyarenotthemostcivilized.Tobegoodatfightingistobegoodinthewaywhichananimalorasavageisgood,butitisnottobecivilized.Evenbeinggoodatgettingotherpeopletofightforyouandtellingthemhowtodoitmostefficientlyisnotbeingcivilized.Peoplefighttosettlequarrels.Fightingmeanskilling,andcivilizedpeoplesoughttobeabletofindsomewayofsettlingtheirdisputesotherthanbeseeingwhichsidecankilloffthegreaternumberoftheotherside,andthensayingthatthesidewhichhaskilledthemosthaswon.Andnotonlyhaswon,but,becauseithaswon,hasbeenintheright.Forthatiswhatgoingtowarmeans;itmeanssayingthatmightisright.

Thatiswhatthestoryofmankindhasonthewholebeenlike.Evenourownagehasfoughtthetwogreatestwarsinhistory,inwhichmillionsofpeoplewerekilledorseriouslyinjured.Andwhiletodayitistruethatpeopleinthestreets—while,thatistosay,wehavegottothestageofkeepingtherulesandbehavingproperlytoeachotherindailylife—nationsandcountrieshavenotlearnttodothisyet,andstillbehavelikesavages.

Butwemustnotexpecttoomuch.Afterall,theraceofmenhasonlyjuststarted.Mankindisonlyatthebeginningofitscivilizedlife.Thepastofmanhasbeenonthewholeaprettybeastlybusiness.Wemustnotexpectevencivilizedpeoplesnottohavedonethesethings.Allwecanaskisthattheywillsometimeshavedonesomethingelse.

41.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcasesmayberegardedasanadvancementofcivilization?

42.Inthefirstsentenceofparagraph2,“Itisjustpossibletheyare”meansthat（）.

43.Theauthorsuggeststhatcivilizedpeopleshouldsettledisputesby（）.

44.Intheauthor’sview,thenationsandcountriesoftoday（）.

45.Bythelastparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theactofconqueringtheothernations.

B.Theabilitytogetotherstofightforyou.

C.Thebreakingoflegs.

D.Thewaytofertilizeafield.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itispossiblethatmostpeoplebelieveinthegreatestcountries

B.itispossiblethattheconquerorsarethegreatestcountries

C.itispossiblethatthegreatestcountriesmaybeatthegreatestnumberofcountries

D.itispossiblethattheconquerorscanruleoverothercountries

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.goingtowars

B.gainingtheright

C.havingthemight

D.adoptingnon-violentways

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.arequitefriendlytooneanother

B.cankeeptherulesandbehaveproperly

C.arestillfightingagainstoneanother

D.knowhowtosettledisputes

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.peoplearebornsavageandit’shardforthemtochange

B.civilizationisathingthatcannotbeexpectedtoomuch

C.civilizedpeoplewillneverdoanysavagethings

D.humanbeingswillforwardthecivilizationastheymature

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】41.推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“征服其他國(guó)家的行為”，第一段Ithinkmostpeoplebelievethatthegreatestcountriesarethosethathavebeateninbattlethegreatestnumberofothercountriesandruledoverthemasconquerors.（我想大多數(shù)人都認(rèn)為最偉大的國(guó)家是那些在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中打敗最多其他國(guó)家并以征服者的身份統(tǒng)治它們的國(guó)家。）第二段有轉(zhuǎn)折Itisjustpossibletheyare,buttheyarenotthemostcivilized.（他們可能是，但他們不是最文明的。）故可排除A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)“讓別人為你而戰(zhàn)的能力”，根據(jù)原文Evenbeinggoodatgettingotherpeopletofightforyouandtellingthemhowtodoitmostefficientlyisnotbeingcivilized.（即使是善于讓別人為你而戰(zhàn)，并告訴他們?nèi)绾巫霾抛钣行В膊皇俏拿?。）可排除B選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)“斷腿”定位在第一段第二句Wedonotknowwhofirstsetabrokenleg,ormaturedafield;butweknowallaboutthekillersanddestroyers.（我們不知道誰(shuí)最先接上折斷的腿骨，還是成熟了一片田；但我們知道所有關(guān)于殺手和毀滅者的事。）句中是接上斷腿的人，而非斷腿。D選項(xiàng)“給土地施肥的方法?！痹谧髡哐劾锿苿?dòng)文明發(fā)展的不是這些征服者，將軍或者士兵，也不是通過(guò)野蠻行為解決紛爭(zhēng)的人。A，B，C選項(xiàng)在作者眼中都不是文明的，均可排除，故選D。

42.推理判斷題。定位在第一段最后一句Ithinkmostpeoplebelievethatthegreatestcountriesarethosethathavebeateninbattlethegreatestnumberofothercountriesandruledoverthemasconquerors.（我想大多數(shù)人都認(rèn)為最偉大的國(guó)家是那些在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中打敗最多其他國(guó)家并以征服者的身份統(tǒng)治它們的國(guó)家。）可知they指代的是最偉大的國(guó)家。A選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)人可能相信最偉大的國(guó)家”與題意無(wú)關(guān)。B選項(xiàng)“征服者可能是最偉大的國(guó)家”，置換主語(yǔ)，有誤。C選項(xiàng)“可能最偉大的國(guó)家打敗最多的國(guó)家”與句意契合，正確。D選項(xiàng)“征服者有可能統(tǒng)治其他國(guó)家”與主干無(wú)關(guān)，可排除。故選C。

43.推理判斷題。定位在第二段Peoplefighttosettlequarrels.Fightingmeanskilling,andcivilizedpeoplesoughttobeabletofindsomewayofsettlingtheirdisputesotherthanbeseeingwhichsidecankilloffthegreaternumberoftheotherside,andthensayingthatthesidewhichhaskilledthemosthaswon.（人們靠打架來(lái)解決爭(zhēng)議。戰(zhàn)斗意味著殺戮，文明的人民應(yīng)該能夠找到解決爭(zhēng)端的方法，而不是看哪一方殺死另一方的人數(shù)更多，然后說(shuō)，殺死最多的一方贏了。）由此可知，作者認(rèn)為武力不是解決問(wèn)題的辦法。A選項(xiàng)“參戰(zhàn)”，與武力有關(guān)不符合。B選項(xiàng)“贏得權(quán)利”，和平解決問(wèn)題是不會(huì)有輸贏的，C選項(xiàng)“有強(qiáng)權(quán)”，Andnotonlyhaswon,but,becauseithaswon,hasbeenintheright.Forthatiswhatgoingtowarmeans;itmeanssayingthatmightisright.（它不僅贏了，而且因?yàn)橼A了，它是正確的。因?yàn)檫@就是參戰(zhàn)的意義；它意味著說(shuō)強(qiáng)權(quán)即公理。）在文中作者對(duì)強(qiáng)權(quán)即公理的這種說(shuō)法是不贊成的。由此可排除C選項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)“采用非暴力方式”符合題意，故選D。

44.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文Andwhiletodayitistruethatpeopleinthestreets—while,thatistosay,wehavegottothestageofkeepingtherulesandbehavingproperlytoeachotherindailylife—nationsandcountrieshavenotlearnttodothisyet,andstillbehavelikesavages.（雖然現(xiàn)在，人們并不會(huì)在街上相互殘殺，也就是說(shuō)，我們已經(jīng)到了遵守規(guī)則和在日常生活中相互之間行為得體的階段。但各個(gè)民族和國(guó)家還沒(méi)有學(xué)會(huì)這樣做，仍然表現(xiàn)得像野蠻人。）由此可知，如今的一些民族和國(guó)家還存在著對(duì)抗戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，故C選項(xiàng)“仍在互相爭(zhēng)斗”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們彼此很友好”，B選項(xiàng)“遵守規(guī)矩，舉止得體”，D選項(xiàng)“知道如何解決爭(zhēng)端”均與句意不符，可排除，故選C。

45.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文Butwemustnotexpecttoomuch.Afterall,theraceofmenhasonlyjuststarted.Mankindisonlyatthebeginningofitscivilizedlife.（但我們不能期望太多。畢竟，人類(lèi)的進(jìn)化才剛剛開(kāi)始。人類(lèi)才剛剛開(kāi)始文明生活。）由此可知，我們還處在文明世界的開(kāi)端，不能期望過(guò)高。A選項(xiàng)“人天生野蠻，很難改變”錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)原文Andwhiletodayitistruethatpeopleinthestreets—while,thatistosay,wehavegottothestageofkeepingt