考研考博-英語-廈門東海職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廈門東海職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thespeaker,ateacherfromacommunitycollege,addressedasympatheticaudience.Headsnoddedinagreementwhenhesaid,“HighschoolEnglishteachersarenotdoingtheirjobs.”Hedescribedtheinadequaciesofhisstudents,allhighschoolgraduateswhocanuselanguageonlyatagrade9level.Iwasunabletodeterminefromhisanswerstomyquestionshowthisgrade9levelhadbeenestablished.

Mytopicisnotstandardsnoritsdecline.Whatthespeakerwasreallysayingisthatheisnolongeryoung;hehasbeenteachingforsixteenyears,andisabletothinkandspeaklikeamatureadult.

Mypointisthatthefrequentcomplaintofonegenerationabouttheoneimmediatelyfollowingitisinevitable.Itisalsohumannaturetolookforthereasonsforourdissatisfaction.BeforeEnglishbecameaschoolsubjectinthelatenineteenthcentury,itwasdifficulttofindthetargetoftheblameforlanguagedeficiencies.Butsincethen,Englishteachershavebeenunderconstantattack.

Thecomplainersthinktheyhavehituponanoriginalidea.Astheirowncommandofthelanguageimproves,theynoticethatyoungpeopledonothavethissameability.Unawarethattheirownabilityhasdevelopedthroughtheyears,theyassumethenewgenerationsofyoungpeoplemustbehopelessinthisrespect.Totheeyesandearsofsensitiveadultsthelanguageoftheyoungalwaysseemsinadequate.

SincethisconcernaboutthedeclineandfalloftheEnglishlanguageisnotperceivedasagenerationalphenomenonbutratherassomethingnewandpeculiartotoday’syoungpeople,itnaturallyfollowsthattoday’sEnglishteacherscannotbedoingtheirjobs.Otherwise,youngpeoplewouldnotcommitoffensesagainstthelanguage.

1.Thespeakertheauthormentionedinthepassagebelievedthat________.

2.Intheauthor’sopinion,thespeaker________.

3.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthespeaker’sremarksis________.

問題1選項

A.thelanguageoftheyoungergenerationisusuallyinferiortothatoftheoldergeneration

B.thestudentshadapoorcommandofEnglishbecausetheydidn’tworkhardenough

C.thewasanexcellentlanguageteacherbecausehehadbeenteachingEnglishforsixteenyears

D.Englishteachersshouldbeheldresponsibleforthestudents’poorcommandofEnglish

問題2選項

A.gaveacorrectjudgmentoftheEnglishlevelofthestudents

B.hadexaggeratedthelanguageproblemsofthestudents

C.wasrightinsayingthatEnglishteacherswerenotdoingtheirjobs

D.couldthinkandspeakintelligently

問題3選項

A.itisjustifiabletoincludeEnglishasaschoolsubject

B.theauthordisagreeswiththespeakeroverthestandardofEnglishatGrade9level

C.Englishlanguageteachingisbynomeansaneasyjob

D.languageimprovementneedstimeandeffort

問題4選項

A.neutral

B.positive

C.critical

D.compromising

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】

Thespeakertheauthormentionedinthepassagebelievedthat________.作者在文中提到的演講者認為________。

A.thelanguageoftheyoungergenerationisusuallyinferiortothatoftheoldergenerationA.年輕一代的語言通常不如老一代的語言

B.thestudentshadapoorcommandofEnglishbecausetheydidn’tworkhardenoughB.這些學(xué)生的英語水平很低，因為他們不夠努力

C.thewasanexcellentlanguageteacherbecausehehadbeenteachingEnglishforsixteenyearsC.他是一位優(yōu)秀的語言老師，因為他已經(jīng)教了16年英語了

D.Englishteachersshouldbeheldresponsibleforthestudents’poorcommandofEnglishD.英語教師應(yīng)該對學(xué)生英語不好負責(zé)

【答案】D

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞Thespeaker定位到第一段第一句，該處講到“演講者（Thespeaker）是一所社區(qū)大學(xué)的教師”，結(jié)合該段第二句“他說，高中英語老師沒有做好他們的工作（HighschoolEnglishteachersarenotdoingtheirjobs）?！?，可知他認為學(xué)生英語不好是高中老師的責(zé)任，因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“年輕一代的語言通常不如老一代的語言”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

B選項“這些學(xué)生的英語水平很低，因為他們不夠努力”：演講者認為其原因在于老師沒教好，而不是學(xué)生不努力，屬于偷換概念；

C選項“他是一位優(yōu)秀的語言老師，因為他已經(jīng)教了16年英語了”：對應(yīng)第二段最后一句“他已經(jīng)教書十六年了（teachingforsixteenyears），能像成年人一樣思考和說話（thinkandspeaklikeamatureadult）。”，能像成年人一樣思考和說話不等同于是一位優(yōu)秀的語言老師，演講者沒有這樣的意思，屬于偷換概念。

第2題:【選項釋義】

Intheauthor’sopinion,thespeaker________.在作者看來，演講者________。

A.gaveacorrectjudgmentoftheEnglishlevelofthestudentsA.對學(xué)生的英語水平做出了正確的判斷

B.hadexaggeratedthelanguageproblemsofthestudentsB.夸大了學(xué)生的語言問題

C.wasrightinsayingthatEnglishteacherswerenotdoingtheirjobsC.說英語老師沒有做好他們的工作是對的

D.couldthinkandspeakintelligentlyD.能聰明地思考和說話

【答案】B

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞author’sopinion定位到第三段第一、二句，該處講到“我的觀點是（Mypointisthat），一代人對下一代人的頻繁抱怨（frequentcomplaint）不可避免（inevitable）。尋找不滿（lookfordissatisfaction）也是出于人的天性（humannature）?！?，可知作者認為上一代人找理由抱怨下一代人的語言能力是出于天性，而不是因為這些學(xué)生的英語水平真的很低，夸大了學(xué)生的語言問題，因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“對學(xué)生的英語水平做出了正確的判斷”：作者認為沒有正確、客觀地評價，反而夸大了學(xué)生的語言問題，屬于反向干擾；

C選項“說英語老師沒有做好他們的工作是對的”：對應(yīng)該段第三、四句“在19世紀末英語成為一門學(xué)科（Englishbecameaschoolsubject）之前，很難找到語言缺陷的指責(zé)對象。但從那以后（Butsincethen），英語教師一直受到攻擊（havebeenunderconstantattack）?！?，可知作者認為對英語老師的批評不公正、不客觀，并非正確，屬于反向干擾；

D選項“能聰明地思考和說話”：對應(yīng)第二段最后一句“說話者真正想說（speakerwasreallysaying）的是……他能像成年人一樣思考和說話?！?，可知這是演講者自己認為的，而不是作者認為的，屬于張冠李戴。

第3題:【選項釋義】

Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.從文章中可以得出結(jié)論：________。

A.itisjustifiabletoincludeEnglishasaschoolsubjectA.把英語作為一門學(xué)科很合理

B.theauthordisagreeswiththespeakeroverthestandardofEnglishatGrade9levelB.作者不同意演講者對九年級英語水平標準的看法

C.EnglishlanguageteachingisbynomeansaneasyjobC.英語教學(xué)絕不是一件容易的工作

D.languageimprovementneedstimeandeffortD.提高語言需要時間和努力

【答案】D

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】此題定位到第四段第三句，該處講到“他們沒有意識到自己的能力已經(jīng)發(fā)展了這么多年（abilityhasdevelopedthroughtheyears），并且認為新一代的年輕人在這方面肯定是沒有希望了（hopelessinthisrespect）。”，可知語言能力的提高需要長時間的努力，因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“把英語作為一門學(xué)科很合理”：文中沒有探討英語作為一門學(xué)科的問題，屬于無中生有；

B選項“作者不同意演講者對九年級英語水平的看法”：對應(yīng)第一段最后一句“我無法確定（unabletodetermine）這個9年級的水平是如何判定的?！?，可知作者對此的態(tài)度是不確定，而非不同意，屬于偷換概念；

C選項“英語教學(xué)絕不是一件容易的工作”：文中沒有提到英語教學(xué)的要求和難度，屬于無中生有。

第4題:【選項釋義】

Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthespeaker’sremarksis________.作者對演講者言論的態(tài)度是________。

A.neutralA.中立的

B.positiveB.肯定的

C.criticalC.批判的

D.compromisingD.有失體面的，不宜泄露的

【答案】C

【考查點】觀點態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】此題定位到第一段最后一句“我無法確定（unabletodetermine）這個9年級的水平是如何判定的?！?，以及第三段“我的觀點是（Mypointisthat），一代人對下一代人的頻繁抱怨不可避免。尋找不滿也是出于人的天性……但（But）從那以后，英語教師一直受到攻擊（constantattack）?！?，可知作者并不贊同演講者對于學(xué)生語言水平的判定，并且反對演講者對英語老師所做工作的否定，因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“中立的”：作者有明確的觀點，并沒有保持中立，屬于反向干擾；

B選項“肯定的”：作者明確地反對，屬于反向干擾；

D選項“有失體面的”：作者并沒有認為演講者的言論是錯誤的，所以不能公開，屬于無中生有。

2.單選題

Theoriginalguidelinesonlyhavesomemethodsinthem.Nowwearegoingto______exactlywhatkindoffoodisgoodfortheirhealthandwhatisbad.

問題1選項

A.makeclearittothepublic

B.makeittothepublicclear

C.makeitcleartothepublic

D.makecleartothepublicitis

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。句意：原來的指南中只有一些方法?，F(xiàn)在我們要讓公眾清楚地知道什么樣的食物對他們的健康有好處，什么是不好的。begoingto后面用動詞原形，結(jié)合固定搭配makesth.+adj.tosth.“使A對B來說……”，確定C選項makeitcleartothepublic符合題意，其余用法錯誤。因此C選項正確。

3.單選題

Everycountryandculture,whetherit’sasancientasIndiaorasyoungastheCzechRepublic,hasahistorythatwillgreatlyaffectboththemarketandthemarketer.Amarketthathasbeenheavilyexploitedinthepastbyforeignerswillturnapredictablyskepticaleyetowardanyoverseascompanyseekingnewsalesterritory.Itmayevenrefuseproductsthatcouldgreatlybenefitthesociety.Understandingthathistorywillenableamarketertoapproachthecultureinamoresubtlemanner,anditwillcertainlycauseanadjustmentofschedule.Ontheotherend,aculturethathasbeenmarkedbyindependenceforsometimewillhavefewfearsofforeignoperationsandmayfindthesubtleapproachfartoolacklusterandslow.

Marketersmaybringtheirownbusinesstotheprocessandshouldtakecaretoseparatethemselves,atleastemotionally,fromtheirpersonalandculturalhistory.Oftentimes,thisincludesracialprejudicesthataredifficulttoshake,earlierpoliticaldisagreementsthathaveneverbeenfullysettled,ofoldunhealedwarwounds.

Let’slookattheraceissuefirst.CompanieswithCaucasianmarketingpersonnelreturningtopost-apartheidSouthAfricaaregenerallyplaguedwithafeelingthattheyowesomethingtothenewblackmajoritygovernment.It’sacompletelyself-generateddebtasthegovernmentis,inreality,overjoyedthatinvestmenthasreturnedafterthelongembargo.However,thisjoydoesn’tpreventSouthAfricacompaniesfromtakingadvantageofcounterparts’guiltfeelingswhenit’stimetocutadeal.

Onthepoliticalfront,therelationship,betweenVietnamandtheUnitedStatesisaprimeexampleoftwosetsofmarketersmisinterpretingeachother’shistoryandculturewhenitcametimetodobusiness.Followinginthewakeofthebloodytwo-decadewarthatendedin1975,theUnitedStatesandVietnamfinallyreopenedtradein1994.TheVietnameseassumedthatAmericanbusinesscommunitywouldheapinvestmentonthemtomakeupforpastwrong,whiletheAmericanthoughttheywouldbewelcomedasthesaviorsofVietnam’sflounderingeconomy.MostofAmerica’smarketerssenttoVietnamweresmallchildrenduringthewar,andtheconflicthadlittlebearingontheirlives.Vietnam’sdecisionmakersontheotherhandwereprimarilyveteransoftheconflictandsawitasthekeyelementoftherelationship.Neithersidepaidattentiontotheother’sviewofhistorynortheresultshavebeendecidedlydisappointingforalmosteveryone.

1.Thepassagemainlydiscussesthat（）.

2.Itisadvisableforamarketerto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

4.TheCaucasianexampleindicatesthat（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

問題1選項

A.culturaldifferencesforcecompaniestoadjustschedule

B.marketingsuccessandfailurearemuchlikehistory

C.developingcountriesarehostiletodevelopedcountries

D.thehistoryofacountryorcultureinfluencesthemarket

問題2選項

A.understandthehistoryofacountryorculture

B.exploitthemarketwithgreateffort

C.keepaskepticaleyeonoverseascompanies

D.slowdownforeignoperations

問題3選項

A.Marketeersshouldberesponsiblefortheburdensofthepast.

B.Marketeersshouldseparatethemselvesfromtheirpersonalandculturalhistory.

C.Marketeersshoulddisagreeonracialprejudices.

D.Marketeersshouldtakecareofthewoundedinthewar.

問題4選項

A.SouthAfricansareplaguedwithaguiltyfeeling

B.SouthAfricansareoverlovedwiththeoverseasinvestment

C.SouthAfricansowedebtstoCaucasiancompany

D.SouthAfricancompaniestakeadvantageoftheircounterpart’sguiltyfeelings

問題5選項

A.ThefailureofthereopenedtradebetweenAmericanandVietnamshouldbetakenasalesson.

B.TheVietnamesetakeitforgrantedthattheAmericanbusinesscommunitywillinvestmoneyinVietnamtomakeupforpastwrongs.

C.TherelationshipbetweenVietnamandtheUSisagoodexampleofforgettingthepast.

D.Misinterpretinghistoryandcultureleadstobusinessfailure.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文開頭“Everycountryandculture,whetherit’sasancientasIndiaorasyoungastheCzechRepublic,hasahistorythatwillgreatlyaffectboththemarketandthemarketer.每個國家和文化，無論是像印度一樣古老還是像捷克共和國一樣年輕，都有一段對市場和營銷人員都有巨大影響的歷史。并且文中列舉了兩個例子來論證一個國家的文化或歷史會影響市場。故D項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段“Understandingthathistorywillenableamarketertoapproachthecultureinamoresubtlemanner,anditwillcertainlycauseanadjustmentofschedule.了解歷史可以使?fàn)I銷人員以一種更微妙的方式接近文化，這肯定會導(dǎo)致對日程表的調(diào)整?！笨芍倘肆私庖粋€國家的文化或歷史很重要。故A項正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第二段“Marketersmaybringtheirownbusinesstotheprocessandshouldtakecaretoseparatethemselves,atleastemotionally,fromtheirpersonalandculturalhistory.營銷人員可能會把他們自己的業(yè)務(wù)帶入到這個過程中，他們應(yīng)該注意把自己與他們的個人和文化歷史分開，至少在情感上是這樣?！笨芍狟項“市場營銷人員應(yīng)該把自己與個人和文化歷史分開?！闭_。

4.推理判斷題。由第三段“However,thisjoydoesn’tpreventSouthAfricacompaniesfromtakingadvantageofcounterparts’guiltfeelingswhenit’stimetocutadeal.然而，這種喜悅并不能阻止南非公司在談判時利用對手的內(nèi)疚感。”可知D項“南非的公司利用了他們對手的負罪感”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Onthepoliticalfront,therelationship,betweenVietnamandtheUnitedStatesisaprimeexampleoftwosetsofmarketersmisinterpretingeachother’shistoryandculturewhenitcametimetodobusiness.在政治方面，越南和美國之間的關(guān)系就是一個典型的例子，兩國商人在做生意的時候會誤解對方的歷史和文化?！币约啊癟heVietnameseassumedthatAmericanbusinesscommunitywouldheapinvestmentonthemtomakeupforpastwrong,越南人認為美國商界會向他們大量投資，以彌補過去的錯誤，”可知ABD三項均正確，C項“越南和美國的關(guān)系是一個忘記過去的好例子?！迸c原文不符，越南和美國的關(guān)系是由于雙方商人對于對方的歷史和文化的誤解。故答案C。

4.單選題

Iwasnot___byhismanyargumentssofinallyweagreedtodiffer.

問題1選項

A.convicted

B.assured

C.convinced

D.concerned

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項convicted“證明…有罪；宣告…有罪”；B選項assured“保證；擔(dān)保；使確信；弄清楚”；C選項convinced“說服；使確信，使信服”；D選項concerned“影響；牽扯（某人）；關(guān)系到；涉及；使擔(dān)心”。句意：他的許多論點不能使我___，所以最后我們同意各持己見。本句表達“它的論點不能使我信服”，因此C選項正確。

5.單選題

Archaeologicalliteratureisrichindescriptionsofpotmaking.Unlikemodernindustrialpotters,prehistoricartisanscreatedeachoftheirpiecesindividually,usingthesimplesttechnologybutdemonstratingremarkableskillinmakingandadorningtheirvessels.

Theclayusedinprehistoricpotmakingwasinvariablyselectedwiththeutmostcare:oftenitwastradedoverconsiderabledistances.Theconsistencyoftheclaywascrucial:itwaspoundedmeticulouslyandmixedwithwatertomakeitentirelyevenintexture.Bycarefulkneading,thepotterremovedtheairbubblesandmadetheclayasplasticaspossible,allowingittobemoldedintoshapeasthepotwasbuiltup,Whenapotisfired,itlosesitswaterandcancrack,sothepotteraddedatempertotheclay,asubstancethathelpedreduceshrinkageandcracking.

Sincesurfacefinishesprovidedapleasingappearanceandalsoimprovedthedurabilityinday-to-dayuse,thepottersmoothedtheexteriorsurfaceofthepotwithwethands.Oftenawetclaysolution,knownasaslip,wasappliedtothesmoothsurface.Brightlycoloredslipswereoftenusedandformedpainteddecorationsonthevessel.Inlatertimes.Glazescameintouseinsomeareas.Aglazeisaformofslipthatturnstoaglasslikefinishduringhigh-temperaturefiring.Whenaslipwasnotapplied,thevesselwasallowedtodryslowlyuntiltheexternalsurfacewasalmostlikeleatherintexture.Itwasthenrubbedwitharoundstoneorsimilarobjecttogiveitashiny,hardsurface.Somepotswereadornedwithincisedorstampeddecorations.

Mostearlypotterywasthenfiredoveropenhearths.Thevesselswerecoveredwithfast-burningwood;asitburned,theasheswouldallaroundthepotsandbakethemevenlyoverafewhours.Farhighertemperatureswereattainedinspecialovens,knownaskilns,whichwouldnotonlybaketheclayandremoveitsplasticity,butalsodissolvecarbonsandironcompounds.Kilnswerealsousedforglazing,whentwofiringswereneeded.Oncefired,thepotswereallowedtocoolslowly,andsmallcrackswererepairedbeforetheywerereadyforuse.

54.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

55.Theword“meticulously”inPara.2isclosestinmeaningto____.

56.Whichofthefollowingwasamethodusedbysomepotterstogivevesselsaglassyfinish?

57.Accordingtothepassage,theadvantageofkilnsoveropenfireswasthatthekilns____.

問題1選項

A.Whyarchaeologistsstudyprehistoricpotmaking.

B.Howearlypotterywasmadeanddecorated.

C.Thedevelopmentofkilnsusedbyearlypotters.

D.ThevarietyofdecorationsonPrehistoricpottery.

問題2選項

A.heavily

B.initially

C.carefully

D.completely

問題3選項

A.Smoothingthemwithwethands.

B.Mixingtheclaywithcoloredsolutions.

C.Bakingthemataveryhightemperature.

D.Rubbingthemwithasmoothhardobject.

問題4選項

A.requiredlesswoodforburning

B.reachedhighertemperatures

C.keptashesawayfromthepots

D.bakedvesselswithoutcrackingthem

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】54.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Unlikemodernindustrialpotters,prehistoricartisanscreatedeachoftheirpiecesindividually,usingthesimplesttechnologybutdemonstratingremarkableskillinmakingandadorningtheirvessels.（與現(xiàn)代工業(yè)陶藝家不同的是，史前工匠們用最簡單的技術(shù)制作了每一件陶器，但在制作和裝飾器皿方面表現(xiàn)出非凡的技巧），可知本文的主旨是B項“早期陶器的制作和裝飾”，后文都是在講早期陶器制作和裝飾的過程。

A項“考古學(xué)家為什么研究史前造壺”，文中并未提及；C項“早期陶藝家使用的窯爐的發(fā)展”，kilns只在文章最后提到，不是文章主題；D項“史前陶器上裝飾的種類”，也只是在文中有提及，并不是文章的主旨。

55.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】詞義推測題。定位到第二段Theconsistencyoftheclaywascrucial:itwaspoundedmeticulouslyandmixedwithwatertomakeitentirelyevenintexture.（粘土的稠度至關(guān)重要：它被仔細地搗碎，并與水混合，使其質(zhì)地完全均勻）。meticulously“仔細地”。A項“大量地；沉重地”，B項“最初”，C項“仔細地；小心翼翼的”，D項“徹底地；完全地”，因此只有C項符合。

56.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干：以下哪種方法是一些陶工用來給器皿玻璃般的飾面？文中第三段倒數(shù)第二句Itwasthenrubbedwitharoundstoneorsimilarobjecttogiveitashiny,hardsurface.（用一塊圓石或者類似的東西打磨，可以得到一個光亮、堅硬的表面），因此正確選項為D“用光滑的硬物摩擦它們”。A項“用濕手撫平它們”，這并不能得到一個玻璃般的飾面，而且接下來還有很多步驟；B項“將粘土與有色溶液混合”，文中未體現(xiàn)；C項“在很高的溫度下烘烤”，這是glaze“釉料”的制作過程。

57.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。最后一段第三句Farhighertemperatureswereattainedinspecialovens,knownaskilns,which…（在被稱為窯爐的特殊烘箱中，溫度要高得多，這種烘箱……），

是說用這種特殊的烤爐里可以得到高得多的溫度，因此正確選項為B“達到更高的溫度”。A項“燃燒所需木材較少”，C項“把灰從罐子里拿開”，D項“烘烤容器并且容器沒有開裂”，均在文中未體現(xiàn)。

6.單選題

Itwasoncethoughtthatairpollutionaffectsonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactoriesand/orheavyautomobiletraffic.Today,weknowthatalthoughthesearetheareaswiththeworstairpollution,theproblemisliterallyworldwide.Onseveraloccasionsoverthepastdecade,aheavycloudofairpollutionhascoveredtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatesandledtohealthwarningseveninruralareasawayfromanymajorconcentrationofmanufacturingandautomobiletraffic.Infact,theveryclimateoftheentireearthmaybeaffectedbyairpollution.Somescientistsfeelthattheincreasingconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheairresultingfromtheburningoffossilfuels(coalandoil)iscreatinga“greenhouseeffect”—holdinginheatreflectedfromtheearthandraisingtheworld’saveragetemperature.Ifthisviewiscorrectandtheworld’stemperatureisraisedonlyafewdegrees,muchofthepolaricecapwillmeltandcitiessuchasNewYork,Boston,Miami,andNewOrleanswillbeunderwater.

Anotherview,lesswidelyheld,isthatincreasingparticularmatterintheatmosphereisblockingsunlightandloweringtheearth’stemperature—aresultthatwouldbeequallydisastrous.Adropofjustafewdegreescouldcreatesomethingclosetoanewiceage,andwouldmakeagriculturedifficultorimpossibleinmanyofourtopfarmingareas.Atpresentwedonotknowforsurethateitheroftheseconditionswillhappen(thoughonerecentgovernmentreportpreparedbyexpertsinthefieldconcludedthatthegreenhouseeffectisverylikely).Perhaps,ifweareverylucky,thetwotendencieswilloffseteachotherandtheworld’stemperaturewillstayaboutthesameasitisnow.

1.Aspointedoutatthebeginningofthepassage,peopleusedtothinkthatairpollution（

）.

2.Asfarasthegreenhouseeffectisconcerned,theauthor

（

）.

3.Theword“offset”inthesecondparagraphcouldbestbereplacedby

（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagetha

（

）.

5.Thispassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

問題1選項

A.causedwidespreaddamageinthecountryside

B.affectedtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStates

C.haddamagingeffectsonhealth

D.existedmerelyinurbanandindustrialareas

問題2選項

A.sharesthesameviewwiththescientists

B.isuncertainofitsoccurrence

C.rejectsitasbeingungrounded

D.thinksthatitwilldestroytheworldsoon

問題3選項

A.slipinto

B.makeupfor

C.setup

D.catchupwith

問題4選項

A.raisingtheworld’stemperatureonlyafewdegreeswouldnotdomuchharmtolifeonearth.

B.loweringtheworld’stemperaturemerelyafewdegreeswouldleadmanymajorfarmingareastodisaster.

C.almostnotemperaturevariationshaveoccurredoverthepastdecade.

D.theworld’stemperaturewillremainconstantintheyearstocome.

問題5選項

A.greenhouseeffect

B.heburningoffossilfuel

C.thepotentialeffectofairpollution

D.thelikelihoodofanewiceage

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Itwasoncethoughtthatairpollutionaffectsonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactoriesand/orheavyautomobiletraffic.”人們曾經(jīng)認為，空氣污染只會影響那些有工廠和/或交通嚴重的大城市周圍的地區(qū)。因此D選項“只存在于城市和工業(yè)區(qū)”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Atpresentwedonotknowforsurethateitheroftheseconditionswillhappen.”目前，我們不確定這兩種情況是否會發(fā)生，可知作者對溫室效應(yīng)會產(chǎn)生哪種情況是不確定的，因此選B。

3.詞義題。slipinto意為“滑進”；makeupfor意為“補償”；setup意為“建立”；catchupwith意為“追上”。單詞“offset”位于文章第二段最后一句中“Perhaps,ifweareverylucky,thetwotendencieswill（也許，如果我們幸運的話，這兩種趨勢將相互）offseteachotherandtheworld’stemperaturewillstayaboutthesameasitisnow（世界氣溫將保持目前的水平）.”根據(jù)單詞前后的句意再結(jié)合選項意思，可知A選項最為恰當(dāng)，offset意為“抵消，補償”。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“...blockingsunlightandloweringtheearth’stemperature—aresultthatwouldbeequallydisastrous（災(zāi)難性的）.Adropofjustafewdegreescouldcreatesomethingclosetoanewiceage,andwouldmakeagriculturedifficultorimpossibleinmanyofourtopfarmingareas.”可知降低地球的溫度會導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難性的結(jié)果，哪怕只降低幾度也會使許多農(nóng)業(yè)地區(qū)受到影響，因此B選項“將世界的溫度降低僅僅幾度會導(dǎo)致許多主要的農(nóng)業(yè)地區(qū)發(fā)生災(zāi)難”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了空氣污染問題，提及的兩種觀點可能會帶來全球的影響，因此選C，文章主要涉及空氣污染帶來的潛在影響。

7.單選題

______theFirstWorldWar,theUnitedStatesbecamethedominantforceinthemotion-picture,industry.

問題1選項

A.Itwasduringtheadventunder

B.Withtheadventof

C.Tofollowtheadventin

D.Upontheadventat

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：隨著第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的來臨，美國成為電影工業(yè)的主導(dǎo)力量。advent一般和介詞of連用而不和under、in、at連用，B選項Withtheadventof“隨著……的出現(xiàn)”符合語境。因此B選項正確。

8.單選題

IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom-awomen'sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Throughouttheeveningonemanhadbeenparticularlytalkativefrequentlyofferingideasandanecdoteswhilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.TowardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon’ttalktothem.Thismanquicklyconcurred.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid"she'sthetalkerinourfamily.Theroomburstintolaughterthemanlookedpuzzledandhurt,"it'strue"heexplained.“WhenIcomehomefromworkIhavenothingtosay.Ifshedidn'tkeeptheconversationgoingwe'dspendthewholeeveninginsilence.”

ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituationstheyoftentalklessathome.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.

ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate1970s.SociologistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbookDivorceTalkthatmostofthewomensheinterviewed—butonlyafewoftheme—gavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percentthatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyear—avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.

Inmyownresearchcomplaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechanceforacareertoaccompanyahusbandtohisordoingfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaningcookingandsocialarrangements.Instead,theyfocusedoncommunication.“Hedoesn'tlistentome”:“Hedoesn'ttalktome.”IfoundasHackerobservedyearsbeforethatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobefirstandforemostconversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives.

Inshorttheimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingat:thebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisfacewhileawomanglaresatthebackofitwantingtotalk.

1.Whatismostwivesmainexpectationoftheirhusbands?

2.Judgingfromthecontext,thephrase"wreakinghavoc"(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans（

）.

3.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthistext?

5.Inthefollowingpartimmediatelyafterthistext,theauthorwillmostprobablyfocuson（

）.

問題1選項

A.Talkingtothem.

B.Trustingthem.

C.Supportingtheircareers.

D.Sharinghousework.

問題2選項

A.generatingmotivation

B.exertinginfluence

C.causingdamage

D.creatingpressure

問題3選項

A.mentendtotalkmoreinpublicthanwomen

B.nearly50percentofrecentdivorcesarecausedbyfailedconversation

C.womenattachmuchimportancetocommunicationbetweencouples

D.afemaletendstobemoretalkativeathomethanherspouse

問題4選項

A.Themoraldecayingdeservesmoreresearchbysociologists.

B.Marriagebreak-upstemsfromsexinequalities.

C.Husbandandwifehavedifferentexpectationsfromtheirmarriage.

D.Conversationalpatternsbetweenmanandwifearedifferent.

問題5選項

A.avividaccountofthenewbookDivorceTalk

B.adetaileddescriptionofthestereotypicalcartoon

C.otherpossiblereasonsforahighdivorcerateintheU.S

D.abriefintroductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHacker

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由文章第一段中womenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon’ttalktothem（女人經(jīng)常抱怨他們的丈夫不和她們交談）可推測大多數(shù)妻子對丈夫的主要期望是與他們交談，因此選A。

第2題:詞義題。generatingmotivation意為“產(chǎn)生動機”；exertinginfluence意為“發(fā)揮影響”；causingdamage意為“造成傷害”；creatingpressure意為“創(chuàng)造壓力”。由文章第二段中althoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituationstheyoftentalklessathome,andpatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.（盡管美國男人在公共場合比女人說話更多，但他們在家里經(jīng)常少說話，這種模式正在wreakinghavoc婚姻）以及第三段中g(shù)avelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces（沒有溝通是他們離婚的原因）可知C選項最符合句意。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中althoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituationstheyoftentalklessathome可知A、D選項正確，由第四段中Insteadtheyfocusedoncommunication可知C選項正確，因此選B。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中mostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobefirstandforemostconversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives（大多數(shù)妻子希望丈夫成為最重要的談話伙伴，但很少有丈夫?qū)ζ拮颖в型瑯拥钠谕┛赏茰y妻子與丈夫?qū)φ勗捰胁煌恼J知，因此選D。

第5題:推理判斷題。文章主要講述了家庭生活中妻子與丈夫?qū)φ勗捳J知的差異，那么接下來作者將繼續(xù)圍繞這一主題進行展述，最有可能對thestereotypicalcartoon進行詳細描述，因此選B。

9.單選題

MostpeoplewouldbeimpressedbythehighqualityofmedicineavailabletomostAmericans.Thereisalotofspecialization,agreatdealofattentiontotheindividual,avastamountofadvancedtechnicalequipment,andintenseeffortnottomakemistakesbecauseofthefinancialriskwhichdoctorsandhospitalsmustfaceinthecourtsiftheyhandlethingsbadly.

ButtheAmericansareinamess.Theproblemisthewayinwhichhealthcareisorganizedandfinanced.Contrarytopublicbelief,itisnotjustafreecompetitionsystem.Totheprivatesystemhasbeenjoinedalargepublicsystem,becauseprivatecarewassimplynotlookingafterthelessfortunateandtheelderly.

Butevenwiththishugepublicpartofth