考研考博-英語-廈門大學嘉庚學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廈門大學嘉庚學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

By1970,accordingtoaWorldWildlifeFundreport,onlyabout4,500tigerssurvivedthroughouttheworld-halfoftheminIndia.Mr.Foresters,whofollowedandcountedtigerfootprints,estimatedthatinMay1972onlyabout1,800tigersexistedinIndia.ProjectTigerSupportedbyW.W.F.wasimmediatelylaunched.Ninetigerreserveswerecreated,witharmedguardsprotectingthem.

TheprojectprovidedopportunitiesforresearchersfromIndiaandabroadtostudytigersinthereservesandgatherpreviouslyunavailableinformationabouttheirhabits.Studiesshowthatamaletigermaycontrolahuntingterritoryofbetween10and20squarekilometers,dependingonitsage,sizeandstrength.Theterritoryofmaleincludesthesmallerterritoriesofthreeorfourtigresses.Atigermarkstheboundariesofitsterritoriesbysprayingurineandotherbodilyliquidsonbushes.Butittriestoavoidterritorialfights,beingguidedbythedistinctivebodysmellofothertigers.Tigersfighttodeathonlywhenatigressisdefendingheryoung,orwhenatigerisguardingatigressfromtheattentionsofothermales.

Thepopularimageofthetigeristhatofamercilessandunconquerablehunter.Butstudiesshowthatitcatchesonlyoneof20victimsittriestoattack.

FearshaverecentlydevelopedthatProjectTigerhasbeentoosuccessful.Ithasenabledthetigerpopulationtodouble(bymid-80’s),butIndia’shumanpopulationhasalsogrownoutofcontrol.Currentlyitis750millionandlikelytobe900millionbytheendofthecentury.Landproblemisbecomingseriousandmanyruralpeoplefeelbitteraboutthefactthatsomerichforestsarereservedfortigers.Agrowingnumberofattacksbytigersonmanhasaddedtothehostility.

21.TheultimateaimofProjectTigeristo______.

22.Studieshaveshownthat______.

23.Accordingtothepassage,atiger’sterritory______.

24.SomepeopleareafraidthatProjectTiger______.

25.Theauthorseems______.

問題1選項

A.studythegrowthrateoftigers

B.protecttigersfrombeingkilled

C.promotethebreedingofyoungtigers

D.analyzethebehavioralpatternsoftigers

問題2選項

A.atigressneverattacksuntilattacked

B.thetigressisnotasfierceasthetigers

C.atigerusuallyfightsanothertigertodefenditsownterritory

D.thetigerisnotanefficienthunterasiscommonlydescribed

問題3選項

A.remainsunchanged

B.isoftendefendedbytigresses

C.expandsasthetigergrowsup

D.isthecauseofmostfights

問題4選項

A.hasbeencarriedtoofar

B.hasnotreceivedenoughattention

C.hasfailedtoachieveitsgoal

D.isnotworththemoneyspentonit

問題5選項

A.tobeenthusiasticaboutProjectTiger

B.tohaveamatter-of-factattitudetowardsProjectTiger

C.tohaveahostileattitudetowardsProjectTiger

D.tobesatisfiedwithProjectTiger

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】21.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“老虎計劃的最終目標是……”。定位文章第一段，該段講述了老虎數(shù)量銳減，最后提到ProjectTigerSupportedbyW.W.F.wasimmediatelylaunched.Ninetigerreserveswerecreated,witharmedguardsprotectingthem.（世界自然基金會資助的老虎項目立即啟動。建立了9個老虎保護區(qū)，有武裝警衛(wèi)保護它們。），可推知老虎被捕殺是其數(shù)量劇減的根本原因，因此使老虎免于被殺是野生動物保護基金會的最終目的。B項“保護老虎不被殺害”正確。A項“研究老虎的生長速度”和C項“促進幼虎的繁殖”沒提到，屬于無中生有。D項“分析老虎的行為模式”在第二段有提及，定位第一句TheprojectprovidedopportunitiesforresearchersfromIndiaandabroadtostudytigersinthereservesandgatherpreviouslyunavailableinformationabouttheirhabits.（該項目為來自印度和國外的研究人員提供了研究保護區(qū)老虎的機會，并收集了以前無法獲得的關于老虎習性的信息）可知，該項并不是這個老虎項目的目標，而是其有利之處，屬于張冠李戴。因此，該題選擇B項。

22.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干意思是“研究表明……”。定位第三段第二句Butstudiesshowthatitcatchesonlyoneof20victimsittriestoattack.（但研究表明老虎捕捉獵物的成功率僅為1/20）可知，老虎捕捉獵物的成功率很低，所以D項“老虎并不是通常所說的高效的獵手”正確。A項“母老虎在受到攻擊之前從不攻擊”和B項“母老虎不像其他老虎那樣兇猛”沒有提到，屬于無中生有。定位第二段倒數(shù)第二句Butittriestoavoidterritorialfights,beingguidedbythedistinctivebodysmellofothertigers.（但它會根據(jù)其他老虎獨特的身體氣味，盡量避免爭奪地盤）可知，C項“一只老虎通常與另一只老虎搏斗以保衛(wèi)自己的領土”與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。因此，該題選擇D項。

23.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，老虎的領地……”。定位第二段第二句Studiesshowthatamaletigermaycontrolahuntingterritoryofbetween10and20squarekilometers,dependingonitsage,sizeandstrength.（研究表明，根據(jù)年齡、體型和力量，雄性老虎可以控制10到20平方公里的狩獵區(qū)域），以及第三句Theterritoryofmaleincludesthesmallerterritoriesofthreeorfourtigresses.（雄虎的領地包括三到四只雌虎的小領地）可知，一頭雄老虎依年齡、體型及力量可以控制10至20公里的狩獵領地，隨著老虎的長大，其體型及力量都在增大，其占領的狩獵領地的面積自然也就增大，C項“隨著老虎的成長而擴大”正確。A項“保持不變”與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。B項“通常由母老虎保護”沒有提到，屬于無中生有。定位第二段倒數(shù)第二句Butittriestoavoidterritorialfights,beingguidedbythedistinctivebodysmellofothertigers.（但它會根據(jù)其他老虎獨特的身體氣味，盡量避免爭奪地盤）可知，D項“是大多數(shù)打架的原因”也是反向干擾。因此，該題選擇C項。

24.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干意思是“有些人害怕老虎計劃……”。定位最后一段第一句FearshaverecentlydevelopedthatProjectTigerhasbeentoosuccessful.（最近人們開始擔心“老虎計劃”太成功了），toosuccessful與A項中的carriedtoofar是同樣的意思，所以A項“做得太過火”正確。B項“沒有得到足夠的重視”和C項“沒有實現(xiàn)它的目標”與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。D項“不值得花這么多錢”沒提到，屬于無中生有。因此，該題選擇A項。

25.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】觀點態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者看起來……”?？v觀全文，作者對于老虎保護項目沒有加入個人的主觀色彩，也沒有描述主觀情感的詞語，所以他持的是一種客觀的態(tài)度。B項“對老虎計劃采取實事求是的態(tài)度”符合題意。A項“對老虎計劃充滿熱情”、C項“對老虎計劃持敵對態(tài)度”和D項“對老虎計劃感到滿意”都是曲解原文。因此，該題選擇B項。

2.單選題

Allthecreditcardorganizationschargeinterestonamonthlybasiswhichmay_______at25percentayear,yetjudiciouspurchasingusingacardcanmeanthatyouobtainuptosevenweeksinterest-free-credit.

問題1選項

A.comeup

B.accountfor

C.addup

D.workout

【答案】B

【解析】comeup走近,發(fā)生,上升;accountfor（比例）占;addup合計;workout解決,算出。句意：所有的信用卡機構都按月收取利息,每年的利息可能占25%,但明智地使用信用卡購物意味著你可以獲得長達7周的無息信貸。選項B符合句意。

3.單選題

II.(EconomicLaw)

Forfourhundredyears,companylawhastriedtosolvethecoreproblemofcorporategovernance,theseparationofownershipandcontrol.InEurope,corporategovernancedidnotbecomearesearchdisciplineofitsownbeforetheendofthelastmillennium.Theanalysisofthefunctioningofmanagementandcontrolunderdistinctboardmodelswasthestartingpointandstillisoneofthemostimportantfieldsoftheincreasinglycomparativeandinterdisciplinaryresearchagenda.ThehistoryoftheVerenigdeOostindischeCorapagnie(V.O.C.)impressivelyillustratesearlyproblemsofcompanylaw.Itsevolutionestablishedthefirstinstitutionalsupervisorystructure.TheV.O.C.goesbacktoamergeroftheearlycompanies,theVoorcompagnieen.Muchlikemodernbusinessamalgamations,itwassoughttoimprovethemarketpositionagainstcompetitors.ManyoftheV.O.C.’sfeaturesarestillcharacteristicformoderncompanies.

Withitsincorporationin1602,theV.O.C.hadaninternalstructurecomparabletowhatwedescribetodayasaone-tierboardmodel.Theboardofseventeendirectors,electedbythegovernorsofthesixchambers,haduniversalmanagementpowerandactednearlyfreefromanyinterferencebyminorityshareholders.Theboarddevelopedthebusinessstrategy,settheshippingroutes,andissuedresolutionsthatwerebindingforthechambers.Inthecourseoffurtherbusinessexpansionin1648,anexecutivecommitteeoftheboard(TheHagueCommittee)helpedtoorganizetheworkofthedirectors.Committeesformedforaccountingorspecificbusinessmatters,werealsofoundatthechamberlevel.

Themajorgovernanceproblemresultedthelackofadefinitionofdirectors’dutiesasanalignmentofdecisionmakingandthecompany’sinterest.Thegovernors—themerchantsandownersoftheearlycompanies—wereunawarethatanentitywithitsowninteresthademergedastheycontinuedtomanagetheV.O.C.inthewaytheyhadmanagedtheirearlycompanies.Inparticular,thegovernors’righttopriorpurchaseturnedouttobeunfortunate,leadingtoanearlyformofwhatwetodaycallself-dealing.Withtheseconddashofregulationin1623,thelicensewaschangedandthegovernorswerepermittedtobuyfromthecompanyonlyinpublicauctionsunderthesameconditionsasanyoneelse.Further,theywereallowedtosupplythecompanyonlyiftheyhadbeengrantedalicensetodoso.Themajorchangeintheinternalstructurecamewiththeintroductionofthecommitteeofninein1623,whichcanbedescribedasanearlyformofthemodernsupervisoryboard.

KlausJ.Hopt,PatrickC.Leyens:“BoardModelsinEurope—RecentDevelopmentsofInternalCorporateGovernanceStructuresinGermany,theUnitedKingdom,France,andItaly”

55.Inthe17thcentury,theboardofseventeendirectorshaduniversalmanagementpowertodothefollowingexcept___.

56.Fromthefirstparagraph,onecanknowthat___.

57.Thewordwhichcanbestreplacetheword“alignment”intheunderlinedsentenceis___.

58.WhichofthefollowingdidNOThappenin1623?

問題1選項

A.developingthebusinessstrategy

B.decidingwhichwaytotakefortheshipping

C.helpingtoorganizetheworkofthechambers

D.issuingresolutionsthatwerebindingforthechambers

問題2選項

A.thestartingpointoftheresearchwastheanalysisofthefunctioningofmanagementandcontrolunderdistinctboardmodels

B.corporategovernancewasaresearchdisciplineofitsownintheearly1900’s

C.mergeroftheearlycompanieswassoughttoimprovethecompetitors

D.thehistoryoftheVerenigdeOostindischeCorapagnie(V.O.C.)wasveryimpressive

問題3選項

A.grouping

B.association

C.arrangement

D.coalition

問題4選項

A.Governorswerepermittedtobuyfromthecompanyonlyinpublicauctionsunderthesameconditions.

B.Thecommitteeofninewasintroducedwithinternalstructure.

C.Governorswerenotallowedtosupplythecompanyiftheyhadnotbeengrantedalicensetodoso.

D.Quitesomeregulationsweremade.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】55.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段Theboarddevelopedthebusinessstrategy,settheshippingroutes,andissuedresolutionsthatwerebindingforthechambers.（董事會制定了商業(yè)戰(zhàn)略，制定了航運路線，并發(fā)布了對商會有約束力的決議）可知C選項“幫助組織商會的工作”未提及；A選項“制定商業(yè)策略”，B選項“決定用哪種方式裝運”以及D選項“發(fā)布對商會有約束力的決議”符合原文。因此C選項符合題意。

56.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵字定位到第一段InEurope,corporategovernancedidnotbecomearesearchdisciplineofitsownbeforetheendofthelastmillennium.Theanalysisofthefunctioningofmanagementandcontrolunderdistinctboardmodelswasthestartingpointandstillisoneofthemostimportantfieldsoftheincreasinglycomparativeandinterdisciplinaryresearchagenda.（在20世紀前，歐洲的企業(yè)治理并沒有形成自己的研究學科。在不同的董事會模式下，對管理和控制功能的分析是研究的起點，并且仍然是比較和跨學科研究議程中最重要的領域之一）可知選A選項“本研究的出發(fā)點是分析不同董事會模式下的管理和控制功能”，同時可知B選項“公司治理在20世紀早期是一門獨立的研究學科”錯誤；第一段TheV.O.C.goesbacktoamergeroftheearlycompanies,theVoorcompagnieen.Muchlikemodernbusinessamalgamations,itwassoughttoimprovethemarketpositionagainstcompetitors.（V.O.C.可追溯到早期公司Voorcompagnieen的合并。與現(xiàn)代企業(yè)合并非常相似，其目的是提高相對于競爭對手的市場地位）可知C選項“早期公司的合并是為了改善競爭對手”錯誤；第二段ThehistoryoftheVerenigdeOostindischeCorapagnie(V.O.C.)impressivelyillustratesearlyproblemsofcompanylaw.（VerenigdeOostindischeCorapagnie的歷史深刻地說明了早期的公司法問題）可知不是V.O.C.的歷史非常令人印象深刻，而是V.O.C.的歷史深刻地說明一些問題，D選項“VerenigdeOostindischeCorapagnie的歷史非常令人印象深刻”錯誤。因此A選項正確。

57.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】詞義辨析題。根據(jù)題干關鍵字“alignment”定位到原文Themajorgovernanceproblemresultedthelackofadefinitionofdirectors’dutiesasanalignmentofdecisionmakingandthecompany’sinterest.（主要的管治問題導致缺乏對董事職責的定義，將其界定為決策與公司利益的結合）可知alignment在本句表示“結合，結盟”；A選項“分組，分類”，B選項“協(xié)會，社團；聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想”；C選項“布置；整理；準備；安排”；D選項“聯(lián)合；結合，合并”。因此D選項正確。

58.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“1623”可以定位到原文最后一段Withtheseconddashofregulationin1623,thelicensewaschangedandthegovernorswerepermittedtobuyfromthecompanyonlyinpublicauctionsunderthesameconditionsasanyoneelse.（1623年的第二次監(jiān)管改變了許可，州長只能在公開拍賣的情況下從公司購買，條件和其他人一樣）可知A選項“州長只能在相同條件下通過公開拍賣從公司購買”符合原文；最后一句Themajorchangeintheinternalstructurecamewiththeintroductionofthecommitteeofninein1623,whichcanbedescribedasanearlyformofthemodernsupervisoryboard.（1623年，九人委員會成立，這是現(xiàn)代監(jiān)事會的早期形式，是監(jiān)事會內(nèi)部結構的主要變化）可知B選項“九人委員會引入了內(nèi)部結構”符合原文；最后一段Further,theywereallowedtosupplythecompanyonlyiftheyhadbeengrantedalicensetodoso.（此外，只有在獲得許可的情況下，他們（指州長們）才被允許向公司供貨）可知C選項“州長不允許供應公司，如果他們沒有被授予許可證這樣做”符合原文；根據(jù)原文和排除法可知D選項“相當多的規(guī)則被制定”和原文相悖。因此D選項符合題意。

4.單選題

Ifyouarealwayssittingupatnight,I’mafraidyoumay（

）fromoverworksoon.

問題1選項

A.fall

B.descend

C.sicken

D.collapse

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。fall“落下；降落”；descend“下降；下來”；sicken“生病”；collapse“倒塌；瓦解”。句意：如果你晚上總是熬夜，那么我擔心你可能會因為過度勞累而倒下。選項D符合題意。

5.單選題

Thatpublicfigurewasreally（）forsayingthosethingsinpublic,eventhoughpeoplecanunderstandhimandseehispointofviewonthematter.

問題1選項

A.behindthelines

B.outofline

C.offtheline

D.inhisline

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。behindthelines“在后方；繩子的背后”，outofline“不協(xié)調(diào)，違規(guī)”，offtheline“打完電話”，沒有搭配inhisline。句意：那位公眾人物在公共場合說那些話真是不合規(guī)矩，盡管人們能理解他，也能看到他對這件事情的看法。選項B符合題意。

6.單選題

PatrickHenry,bornin1736,（）byhisfather,whohadadvancedtraininginmechanics.

問題1選項

A.hadtaught

B.hasbeentaught

C.taught

D.wastaught

【答案】D

【解析】考查時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。句意：帕特里克?亨利出生于1736年，由受過高級機械培訓的父親教導。此處應用被動語態(tài)，排除A，C。本句表示過去發(fā)生的事，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關系，不用現(xiàn)在完成時，排除B。因此D選項正確。

7.單選題

AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump’suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,notapresident’ssocialmediaplatform.

MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentstartedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.

Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilitiesforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingview-points,”thesurveyconcluded.

Suchactivityresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheuniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople’srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.

Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”,moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia.Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,”saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefasBarnaGroup.

So,whenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills—andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.

1.AccordingtotheParagraph1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson（

）.

2.AccordingtotheKnightFoundationsurvey,youngpeople

（

）.

3.TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問題1選項

A.thejustificationofthenew-filteringpractice

B.people’spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms

C.theadministration’sabilitytohandleinformation

D.socialmediaasareliablesourceofnews

問題2選項

A.tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace

B.verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources

C.haveastrongsenseofresponsibility

D.liketoexchangeviewson“distributedtrust”

問題3選項

A.readers’outdatedvalues

B.journalists’biasedreporting

C.readers’misinterpretation

D.journalist’made-upstories

問題4選項

A.ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline.

B.ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrend.

C.TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia.

D.ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)首段最后一句可知，千禧一代更希望白宮的新聞通過其他來源而不是總統(tǒng)的社交媒體平臺透漏出來。緊接著在第二段給出了原因，人們逐漸對所有的媒體喪失了信任。根據(jù)牛津大學的統(tǒng)計，在2016年美國總統(tǒng)競選期間，推特用戶分享的近四分之一的網(wǎng)絡內(nèi)容是虛假新聞。由此可知，社交媒體不是可靠的新聞來源。選項D符合原文。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關鍵詞“KnightFoundation”定位到第三段二、三句“AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.奈特基金會針對14歲至24歲的年輕人進行的一項焦點小組調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們使用“分布式信任”來驗證新聞。他們反復核對消息來源，喜歡從不同的角度看新聞——尤其是那些對偏見持開放態(tài)度的新聞?！庇纱丝芍?，選項B“通過參考不同的來源去核實消息”符合原文。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關鍵詞“Barnasurvey”定位到第五段第三句“AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”,moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.巴納研究集團的一項調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國人認為假新聞現(xiàn)象的主要原因是“讀者錯誤”，而不是編造的故事或報道中的事實錯誤?！庇纱丝芍x項C正確。

4.主旨大意題。結合全文內(nèi)容可知，原文首先提出年輕人對社交平臺的不信任，是因為虛假新聞的泛濫，因此人們開始加強他們的媒體素養(yǎng)技能。下文則主要是圍繞這一中心思想展開的討論，所以選項A最能概括全文。

8.單選題

InNovember1970YukioMishima,togetherwithsomeofhisfanaticalfollowersfromtheultranationalisticShieldSocietywhichhehadfoundedin1966,brokeintotheheadquartersofJapan’sEasternDefenseForcesarmedwithswordsanddaggers,overpoweredsomeaides,tiedupthecommandinggeneral,anddemandedthatthetroopsbeassembledtohearaspeech.Mishimaaddressedthetroopsfortenminutes,incitingthemtorebelagainsttheconstitutionalgovernmentimposedbytheUnitedStatesthathad,inhiswords,“turnedJapanspineless”.Receivingonlyridiculeinresponse,hereturnedtothegeneral’sofficeandthere,beforethegeneral’sunbelievingeyes,proceededtokillhimselfinstrictaccordancewiththetraditionalsamurairitualofseppuku.AfterMishimahaddrivenadaggerdeepintohisleftabdomen,oneofhisaidesseveredhisheadwithasword.Theaidelikewisekilledhimselfandwasbeheaded;theotherssurrendered.

In1936therehadbeenasimilarrevoltand,thoughequallyunsuccessful,ithadforeshadowedtherepressiveregimeofGeneralTojothatwastostagetheattackonPearlHarborin1941.ThatearlierrevoltistheonereferredtoinPatriotism,oneofMishima’smostpowerfulstories.Herelifeandfictionbecomejoined.TheactofseppukuwasforMishimaafulfillment,“theultimatedreamofmylife.”Bornofanancientsamuraifamily,helongedtodieahero’sdeathinaccordancewiththeancientsamuraicode;buthisweakbodykepthimfromserviceinthewar,andhehadtocompensatethroughbodybuilding(hebecameexpertatkarateandkendo)and,mostimportant,throughthedisciplineofwriting.Inhisshortlifetimeheturnedouttwentynovels,thirtyplays,manyessays,andmorethaneightystories:healsoproduced,directed,andactedinmovies,andevensangonstage.Hisfirstbookofstories,AForestinFlower,appearedin1943,butitwasConfessionofaMask(1948),dealingwiththemeditationsofayoungmanofhomosexualleaningsinarepressivesociety,thatbroughthimfame.

Mishimahasbeencalled“Japan’sHemingway,”whileothershavecomparedhimto“aesthetic”writerslikeWalterPeterandOscarWilde.

1.Thearticleimpliesthat（）.

2.TheaimoftherebelledbyMishimawas（）.

3.Inthe1970rebel,thespeechmadebyMishima（）.

4.Whatistrueaccordingtothearticle?

5.Mishimabecameawell-knownwriterafterhehad（）.

問題1選項

A.Mishimarefusedtojointhearmywhenhewasyoung

B.Mishimahasbeenregardedasalunaticwriter

C.Mishimaisapersonwhoishardtodefine

D.criticsallagreethatMishimaisanaestheticwriter

問題2選項

A.tocapturethecommandinggeneral

B.tourgethegovernmenttodeclareawaragainstAmerica

C.toincitethesoldierstorebelagainsttheconstitutionalgovernment

D.toforcetheEmperortogiveupthethrone

問題3選項

A.waswellreceivedbythesoldiers

B.waslaughedatbythesoldiers

C.impressedthecommandinggeneral

D.leftadeepimpressiontothesoldiers

問題4選項

A.ThegeneralknewthatMishimahadlongedtodieahero’sdeath.

B.ThegeneralwasgreatlytakenabackbyMishima’ssuicideattempt.

C.SomesoldierssurrenderedafterMishima,sspeech.

D.OneofMishima’saideswaskilledbythesoldiers.

問題5選項

A.written“Patriotism,”oneofhismostpowerfulstories

B.writteneightyshortstories

C.published“AForestinFlower”

D.published“ConfessionofaMask”

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是講YukioMishima的生平，選項A與原文不符；選項B和D太片面，選項C更準確，所以本題選C。

2.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)關鍵詞“rebel”定位到第一段“Mishimaaddressedthetroopsfortenminutes,incitingthemtorebelagainsttheconstitutionalgovernmentimposedbytheUnitedStates...”Mishima向軍隊發(fā)表了十分鐘的演講，煽動他們反抗美國強加給他們的立憲政府。選項C符合原文。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段“Receivingonlyridiculeinresponse”可知Mishima發(fā)表演講后只得到嘲笑的回應，選項B符合原文。

4.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“TheactofseppukuwasforMishimaafulfillment,‘theultimatedreamofmylife.’”切腹自盡對Mishima來說是一種實現(xiàn)，實現(xiàn)的是他“生命中的終極夢想”。也就是說他渴望像英雄一樣死去，選項A正確。選項B在文中沒有提及；選項C,D均與原文不符。所以本題選A。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“...butitwasConfessionofaMask(1948),...,thatbroughthimfame.”可知選項D正確。

9.單選題

Thetwentiethcenturyhaswitnessedanenormousworldwidepolitical,economicandcultural（

）.

問題1選項

A.tradition

B.transportation

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞辨析題。tradition“慣例，傳統(tǒng)”；transportation“運輸”；transmission“傳遞，傳送”；transformation“轉換，改革”。

句意：20世紀見證了全世界巨大的政治、經(jīng)濟和文化的變革。選項D符合語境。

10.單選題

Beforetheplane（

）,thepilotbailedout.

問題1選項

A.clashed

B.crashed

C.smashed

D.struck

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項clash“沖突、撞擊”；B選項crash“碰撞、墜毀”；C選項smash“粉碎、撞擊”；D選項strike“罷工、撞擊”，根據(jù)句中關鍵詞“plane飛機”可聯(lián)系crash“碰撞、墜毀”符合語境，句意為：飛機墜毀前，飛行員跳傘逃生。故正確答案選B。

11.單選題

Theladywhohas（）foranightinthedeadofthewinterlaterturnedouttobeadistantrelationofhis.

問題1選項

A.puthimin

B.puthimout

C.puthimon

D.puthimup

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語搭配。putsb.in，一般不單獨使用;putsb.out“使某人不高興”；putsb.on,一般不單獨使用；putsb.up“給某人提供食宿”。根據(jù)空格處后面的foranight可知只有選項D符合題意，“給他提供食宿的女士”。

12.問答題

Inspiteof(A)hisaged(B)appearance,hismovementswereasspirited(C)asayoungman(D).

【答案】試題答案：D;ayoungman’s

【解析】考查比較級。as...as意為“與……一樣”，hismovements（他的動作）不能與ayoungman（年輕人）進行比較，應與ayoungman’smovements比較，為了避免重復，此處可將ayoungman’smovements中的movements省略，改為ayoungman’s。

13.單選題

Statisticsregardingcigarettesmokingareanythingbutencouraging.TheFederalTradeCommissionrecentlyannouncedthatin1990Americanspurchased628.2billioncigarettes,anappallinglygreaternumberthaneverbefore.Theaveragesmokerconsumed11633cigarettes,ofwhich44.8percentwerelow-tarcigarettescontaininglessthan15milligramsoftar.In1968theaveragetarcontentwas22milligrams.

DespitethefactthateverycigarettepackhasaprintedwarningfromtheSurgeonGeneral,thosewhostillsmokearesmokingmoreheavily.Manypeoplehaveforswornsmokinginfearoflungcancer.TheAmericanCancerSocietyreportsthatdeathratesfromlungcancerhaveescalated,whereasthoseforothermajorcancershaveleveledoffordeclined.Lastyear111000Americansdiedoflungcancer,whileitisestimatedthat117000willsuccumbthisyear.Lungcancerheadsthelistinkilling35percentofmaleswhodiefromcancer.Lungcanceraccountsfor17percentofwomen’scancerdeaths.Anestimated440000deathsfromcancerwilloccurthisyear,9000morethanpreviousyear.Lungcanceraccountsfortwothirdsoftheincrease.Althoughmanycancerpatientshavesurvivedthedisease,theprognosisforlungcancerpatientsismostdisheartening.Ninety-onepercentofalldiagnosedcasesoflungcancerdonotsurvive.

1.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthatlow-tarcigarettes______.

2.Wecaninferfromthefirstparagraphthataveragesmokerssmoke______.

3.Itispredictedthatthenumberofdeathsfromlungcancerthisyearwillbe______.

4.Thepercentageofwomen’slungcancerdeathsis______.

5.Wemayinferfromthepassagethatlungcancer______.

問題1選項

A.reducethedangersofsmoking

B.appealtoamajorityofsmokers

C.causelungcancer

D.havetheSurgeonGeneral’sapproval

問題2選項

A.lessthantheydidinthepast

B.morethantheydidinthepast

C.thesameastheydidinthepast

D.noneoftheabove

問題3選項

A.reducedfromthenumberlastyear

B.thesameasthenumberlastyear

C.6000morethanlastyear

D.111000

問題4選項

A.equaltothatofmen’slungcancerdeaths

B.risingannually

C.abouthalfthepercentageofmen’scancerdeaths

D.anindicationthatwomenarenotsusceptibletolungcancer

問題5選項

A.canbetreatedeffectively

B.isincurable

C.willcausecigarettestobetakenoffthemarket

D.currentlyhasnoinfalliblecure

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.客觀細節(jié)題。A選項“減少了吸煙的危險性”，由原文TheAmericanCancerSocietyreportsthatdeathratesfromlungcancerhaveescalated,whereasthoseforothermajorcancershaveleveledoffordeclined.（美國癌癥協(xié)會報告稱，肺癌的死亡率已經(jīng)上升，而其他主要癌癥的死亡率則趨于穩(wěn)定或下降。）可知，吸煙的風險很高，會提升肺癌的死亡率，所以A錯誤。B選項“對大多數(shù)吸煙者有吸引力”，由原文Theaveragesmokerconsumed11633cigarettes,ofwhich44.8percentwerelow-tarcigarettescontaininglessthan15milligramsoftar.（吸煙者平均消費11633支香煙，其中44.8%是焦油含量低于15毫克的低焦油香煙。）可知，44.8%不是大多數(shù)吸煙者，所以B錯誤。D選項“得到了衛(wèi)生局局長的批準”，由原文everycigarettepackhasaprintedwarningfromtheSurgeonGeneral（每個香煙包裝上都印有衛(wèi)生局局長的警告）可知，衛(wèi)生局局長不贊成吸煙，所以D錯誤。C選項“導致肺癌”，由原文Manypeoplehaveforswornsmokinginfearoflungcancer.（許多人因為害怕肺癌而發(fā)誓不再吸煙。）可知，吸煙會導致肺癌，C選項符合原文，所以本題選C。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句TheFederalTradeCommissionrecentlyannouncedthatin1990Americanspurchased628.2billioncigarettes,anappallinglygreaternumberthaneverbefore.（聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會最近宣布，1990年美國人購買了6282億支香煙，這個數(shù)字比以往任何時候都要高得驚人。），說明吸煙者的吸煙量比過去高得多。因此B選項“比過去多”正確。A選項“比過去少”，C選項“和過去相同”，D選項“以上都不是”均不符合原文，所以A,C,D錯誤。

3.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第四句Lastyear111000Americansdiedoflungcancer,whileitisestimatedthat117000willsuccumbthisyear.（去年有111000名美國人死于肺癌，而據(jù)估計今年將有117000人死亡。），說明今年死于肺癌的人數(shù)將比去年多6000人。因此C選項“比去年多6000人”正確。A選項“比去年的人數(shù)減少”，B選項“與去年的人數(shù)相同”，D選項“111000人”均不符合原文，所以A,B,D錯誤。

4.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第五、六句Lungcancerheadsthelistinkilling35percentofmaleswhodiefromcancer.Lungcanceraccountsfor17percentofwomen’scancerdeaths.（在死于癌癥的男性中，有35%死于肺癌。肺癌占女性癌癥死亡人數(shù)的17%。），說明女性肺癌死亡的比例約占男