考研考博-英語-吉林動畫學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林動畫學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Warmaybeanaturalexpressionofbiologicalinstinctsanddrivestowardaggressioninthehumanspecies.Naturalimpulsesofanger,hostility,andterritorialityareexpressedthroughactsofviolence.Theseareallqualitiesthathumanssharewithanimals.Aggressionisakindofinnatesurvivalmechanism,aninstinctforself-preservationthatallowsanimalstodefendthemselvesfromthreatstotheirexistence.But,ontheotherhand,humanviolenceshowsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehavior.Inthecaseofhumanaggression,violencecannotbesimplyreducedtoaninstinct.Themanyexpressionsofhumanviolencearealwaysconditionedbysocialconventionsthatgiveshapetoaggressivebehavior.Inhumansocietiesviolencehasasocialfunction:Itisastrategyforcreatingordestroyingformsofsocialorder.Religioustraditionshavetakenaleadingroleindirectingthepowersofviolence.Wewilllookattheritualandethicalpatternswithinwhichhumanviolencehasbeendirected.

Theviolencewithinasocietyiscontrolledthroughinstitutionsoflaw.Themoredevelopedalegalsystembecomes,themoresocietytakesresponsibilityforthediscovery,control,andpunishmentofviolentacts.Inmosttribalsocietiestheonlymeanstodealwithanactofviolenceisrevenge.Eachfamilygroupmayhavetheresponsibilityforpersonallycarryingoutjudgmentandpunishmentuponthepersonwhocommittedtheoffense.Butinlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused.Thesocietyassumestheresponsibilityforprotectingindividualsfromviolence.Incaseswheretheycannotbeprotected,thesocietyisresponsibleforimposingpunishment.Inastatecontrolledlegalsystem,individualsareremovedfromthecyclesofrevengemotivatedbyactsofviolence,andthestateassumesresponsibilityfortheirprotection.

Theothersideofastatelegalapparatusisastatemilitaryapparatus.Whiletheoneprotectstheindividualfromviolence,theothersacrificestheindividualtoviolenceintheinterestsofthestate.Inwarthestateaffirmsitssupremepowerovertheindividualswithinitsownborders.Warisnotsimplyatrialbycombattosettledisputesbetweenstates;itisthemomentwhenthestatemakesitsmostpowerfuldemandsuponitspeoplefortheirrecommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice.Timesofwartestacommunity’sdeepestreligiousandethicalcommitments.

1.Humanviolenceshowsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehaviorinthat（

）.

2.Thefunctionoflegalsystems,accordingtothepassage,is

（

）.

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“...inlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused”(Lines5-6,Para.2)?

4.Theword“allegiance”(Line5,Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto

（

）.

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itthreatenstheexistingsocialsystems

B.itisinfluencedbysociety

C.ithasrootsinreligiousconflicts

D.itisdirectedagainstinstitutionsoflaw

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.tocontrolviolencewithinasociety

B.toprotecttheworldfromchaos

C.tofreesocietyfromtheideaofrevenge

D.togivethegovernmentabsolutepower

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Legalsystemsgreatlyreducethepossibilitiesofphysicalviolence.

B.Offensesagainstindividualsarenolongerjudgedonapersonalbasis.

C.Victimsofviolencefinditmoredifficulttotakerevenge.

D.Punishmentisnotcarriedoutdirectlybytheindividualsinvolved.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.loyalty

B.objective

C.survival

D.motive

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Governmentstendtoabusetheirsupremepowerintimesofwar.

B.Intimesofwargovernmentsmayextendtheirpoweracrossnationalborders.

C.Intimesofwargovernmentsimposehighreligiousandethicalstandardsontheirpeople.

D.Governmentsmaysacrificeindividualsintheinterestsofthestateintimesofwar.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Themanyexpressionsofhumanviolencearealwaysconditionedbysocialconventionsthatgiveshapetoaggressivebehavior.（人類暴力的許多表現(xiàn)形式總是受到社會習(xí)俗的制約，這些社會習(xí)俗形成了侵略性的行為）可知B選項(xiàng)“它受社會的影響”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Theviolencewithinasocietyiscontrolledthroughinstitutionsoflaw.（社會中的暴力行為是通過法律制度來控制的）可知A選項(xiàng)“控制社會中的暴力”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第二段中的Thesocietyassumestheresponsibilityforprotectingindividualsfromviolence.Incaseswheretheycannotbeprotected,thesocietyisresponsibleforimposingpunishment（社會承擔(dān)起保護(hù)個人免受暴力侵害的責(zé)任，不能保護(hù)的，由社會負(fù)責(zé)處罰）是對前面句子Butinlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused（但在法律制度中，復(fù)仇的責(zé)任變得非個性化和普及）進(jìn)行解釋，因此D選項(xiàng)“懲罰不是由有關(guān)個人直接執(zhí)行的”符合題意。

4.詞義題。A選項(xiàng)loyalty“忠誠”；B選項(xiàng)objective“目標(biāo)”；C選項(xiàng)survival“幸存”；D選項(xiàng)motive“動機(jī)”。由文章第三段中的itisthemomentwhenthestatemakesitsmostpowerfuldemandsuponitspeoplefortheirrecommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice（這是國家對它的子民提出的承諾、allegiance和至高無上的犧牲最強(qiáng)有力命令的時(shí)刻）可知recommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice為并列的名詞詞語，allegiance的感情色彩要與承諾、犧牲的感情色彩一致，結(jié)合四個選項(xiàng)的意思以及句意可知A選項(xiàng)最為恰當(dāng)。

5.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Warisnotsimplyatrialbycombattosettledisputesbetweenstates;itisthemomentwhenthestatemakesitsmostpowerfuldemandsuponitspeoplefortheirrecommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice.（戰(zhàn)爭不僅僅是通過戰(zhàn)斗來解決國家間爭端的審判；這是國家對它的子民提出的承諾、忠誠和至高無上的犧牲最強(qiáng)有力命令的時(shí)刻）可知D選項(xiàng)“在戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期，政府可以為了國家的利益犧牲個人”符合題意。

2.單選題

Ahighofficialislikelytowinrespectandtrustifhecansticktohisprinciples.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.turnto

B.addto

C.keepto

D.leadto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。Stickto表示“堅(jiān)持”；A項(xiàng)turnto“轉(zhuǎn)向，變成”，B項(xiàng)addto“加入，加到”，C項(xiàng)keepto“堅(jiān)持，遵守”，D項(xiàng)leadto“導(dǎo)致”。句意：一個高級官員如果能堅(jiān)持自己的原則，就很可能贏得尊重和信任。根據(jù)句意可知C項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

AclassicseriesofexperimentstodeterminetheeffectsofoverpopulationoncommunitiesofratswasreportedinFebruaryof1962inanarticleinScientificAmerican.Theexperimentswereconductedbyapsychologist,JohnB.Calhoun,andhisassociates.Ineachoftheseexperiments,anequalnumberofmaleandfemaleadultratswereplacedinanenclosureandgivenanadequatesupplyoffood,water,andothernecessities.Theratpopulationswereallowedtoincrease.Calhounknewfromexperienceapproximatelyhowmanyratscouldliveintheenclosureswithoutexperiencingstressduetoovercrowding.Heallowedthepopulationtoincreasetoapproximatelytwicethisnumber.Thenhestabilizedthepopulationbyremovingoffspringthatwerenotdependentontheirmothers.Heandhisassociatesthencarefullyobservedandrecordedbehaviorintheseoverpopulatedcommunities.Attheendoftheirexperiments,Calhounandhisassociateswereabletoconcludethatovercrowdingcausesabreakdowninthenormalsocialrelationshipsamongrats,akindofsocialdisease.Theratsintheexperimentsdidnotfollowthesamepatternsofbehaviorasratswouldinacommunitywithoutovercrowding.

Thefemalesintheratpopulationwerethemostseriouslyaffectedbythehighpopulationdensity:Theyshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior:theydidnotbehaveasmotherratsnormallydo.Infact,manyofthepups,asratbabiesarecalled,diedasaresultofpoormaternalcare.Forexample,motherssometimesabandonedtheirpups,and,withouttheirmothers’care,thepupsdieD.Undernormalconditions,amotherratwouldnotleaveherpupsalonetodie.However,theexperimentsverifiedthatinoverpopulatedcommunities,motherratsdonotbehavenormally.Theirbehaviormaybeconsideredpathologicallydiseased.

Thedominantmalesintheratpopulationweretheleastaffectedbyoverpopulation.Eachofthesestrongmalesclaimedanareaoftheenclosureashisown.Therefore,theseindividualsdidnotexperiencetheovercrowdinginthesamewayastheotherratsdiD.Thefactthatthedominantmaleshadadequatespaceinwhichtolivemayexplainwhytheywerenotasseriouslyaffectedbyoverpopulationastheotherrats.However,dominantmalesdidbehavepathologicallyattimes.Theirantisocialbehaviorconsistedofattacksonweakermale,female,andimmaturerats.Thisdeviantbehaviorshowedthateventhoughthedominantmaleshadenoughlivingspace,theytoowereaffectedbythegeneralovercrowdingintheenclosure.

Non-dominantmalesintheexperimentalratcommunitiesalsoexhibiteddeviantsocialbehavior.Somewithdrewcompletely;theymovedverylittleandateanddrankattimeswhentheotherratsweresleepinginordertoavoidcontactwiththem.Othernon-dominantmaleswerehyperactive;theyweremuchmoreactivethanisnormal,chasingotherratsandfightingeachother.Thissegmentoftheratpopulation,tikealltheotherparts,wasaffectedbytheoverpopulation.Thebehaviorofthenon-dominantmalesandoftheothercomponentsoftheratpopulationhasparallelsinhumanbehavior.PeopleindenselypopulatedareasexhibitdeviantbehaviorsimilartothatoftheratsinCalhoun’sexperiments.InlargeurbanareassuchasNewYork,London,MexicanCity,andCairo,thereareabandonedchildren.Therearecruel,powerfulindividuals,bothmenandwomen.Therearealsopeoplewhowithdrawandpeoplewhobecomehyperactive.Thequantityofotherformsofsocialpathologysuchasmurder,rape,androbberyalsofrequentlyoccurindenselypopulatedhumancommunities.Istheprincipalcauseofthesedisordersoverpopulation?Calhoun'sexperimentssuggestthatitmightbe.Inanycase,socialscientistsandcityplannershavebeeninfluencedbytheresultsofthisseriesofexperiments.

1.Paragraph1isorganizedaccordingto（）.

2.Calhounstabilizedtheratpopulation（）.

3.WhichofthefollowinginferencesCANNOTbemadefromtheinformationinParA.1.

4.Whichofthefollowingbehaviordidn'thappeninthisexperiment?

5.Themainideaoftheparagraphthreeisthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reasons

B.experiments

C.examples

D.definition

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.whenitwasdoublethenumberthatcouldliveintheenclosurewithoutstress

B.byremovingyoungrats

C.ataconstantnumberofadultratsintheenclosure

D.alloftheabovearecorrect

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Calhoun'sexperimentisstillconsideredimportanttoday.

B.Overpopulationcausespathologicalbehaviorinratpopulations.

C.Stressdoesnotoccurinratcommunitiesunlessthereisovercrowding

D.Calhounhadexperimentedwithratsbefore.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Allthemaleratsexhibitedpathologicalbehavior.

B.Motherratsabandonedtheirpups.

C.Femaleratsshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior

D.Motherratslefttheirratbabiesalone.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.dominantmaleshadadequatelivingspace

B.dominantmaleswerenotasseriouslyaffectedbyovercrowdingastheotherrats

C.dominantmalesattackedweakerrats

D.thestrongestmalesarealwaysabletoadapttobadconditions

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“AclassicseriesofexperimentstodeterminetheeffectsofoverpopulationoncommunitiesofratswasreportedinFebruaryof1962inanarticleinScientificAmerican.”中文翻譯為：1962年2月，一篇發(fā)表在《科學(xué)美國人》雜志上的文章報(bào)道了一組經(jīng)典的實(shí)驗(yàn)，以確定過量種群對老鼠群落的影響。結(jié)合后文，可以得知B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵字ratpopulation可以定位到文章第一段中“Thenhestabilizedthepopulationbyremovingoffspringthatwerenotdependentontheirmothers.”中文翻譯為“然后，他通過移除那些不依賴母親的后代來穩(wěn)定人口。”因此B為正確答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由B項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“Calhounandhisassociateswereabletoconcludethatovercrowdingcausesabreakdowninthenormalsocialrelationshipsamongrats,akindof.socialdisease.”中文翻譯為：卡爾霍恩和他的同事能夠得出結(jié)論，過度擁擠會導(dǎo)致老鼠之間正常的社會關(guān)系破裂，這是一種社會疾病。則排除B選項(xiàng)；由C選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“Theratsintheexperimentsdidnotfollowthesamepatternsofbehaviorasratswouldinacommunitywithoutovercrowding.”中文翻譯為：實(shí)驗(yàn)中的老鼠沒有與生活在不過度擁擠環(huán)境的老鼠一樣遵循同樣的行為模式。則排除C選項(xiàng)；由D項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“Calhounknewfromexperience...”中文翻譯為：卡爾霍恩從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中得知……，則排除D選項(xiàng)；可以得知A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由B項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“Forexample,motherssometimesabandonedtheirpups”中文翻譯為：母親們有時(shí)會拋棄他們的幼崽……則排除B選項(xiàng)；由C選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“Theyshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior”中文翻譯為：他們表現(xiàn)出異常的母性行為。則排除C選項(xiàng)；由D項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“Undernormalconditions,amotherratwouldnotleaveherpupsalonetodie.”中文翻譯為：在正常情況下，一只老鼠媽媽不會讓她的幼崽獨(dú)自死去。則排除D選項(xiàng)；因此A項(xiàng)“所有雄性大鼠均表現(xiàn)出病態(tài)行為”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)B項(xiàng)“主導(dǎo)性的雄性老鼠并不像其他大鼠一樣嚴(yán)重地受到過度擁擠的影響”可以定位到文章第三段第一句“Thedominantmalesintheratpopulationweretheleastaffectedbyoverpopulation.”中文翻譯為：在大鼠種群中，主導(dǎo)性的雄性種群受到的影響最小。故選B。

4.單選題

Her______instinctsledhertofundtheconstructionofahospitalforthepoor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.far-ranging

B.humanitarian

C.humble

D.popular

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.far-ranging廣泛的B.humanitarian人道主義的（主張減輕人類苦難、改善人類生活）

C.humble謙遜的，虛心的D.popular受喜愛的，受歡迎的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息fundtheconstructionofahospitalforthepoor（出資為窮人建了一所醫(yī)院）可知，空格處選擇B項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】她的人道主義本能使她出資為窮人建了一所醫(yī)院。

5.寫作題

YouaresupposedtowriteanotetoMr.PeterKelly,whoisavisitingprofessoratyourdepartment,askinghimtoarrangeatimetodiscusstheoutlineofyourpaper.

1.Thenoteshouldbeginwith“Professor...”;

2.Thenoteshouldendwith“ZhangPing”;

3.Thenoteshouldgiveabriefintroductiontoyourpaper,suchasthetopicandmajorpoints.

【答案】DearProfessorPeterKelly,

IlearnfromthedeanofourdepartmentthatyouareanexpertinITcultureandyouarenowavisitingprofessoratourComputerDepartment.Thedeansaysthatyouarekind-heartedandalwaysreadytohelpothersandhetellsmetocomeintocontactwithyou.

TodayIamwritingthisnotetoaskyouwhetheritisconvenientforyoutoarrangeatimeforbothofustodiscusstheoutlineofmyresearchpaper.Beforeourmeeting,Ishouldliketointroducetheoverallstructureofmyresearchpapertoyoubriefly.ItstitleisTheInformationExplosioninthe21stCentury,Itconsistsoffourparts:PartOnegivesanobjectiveaccountofthepresentsituationofinformationexplosion.PartTwoisabouttheproponents’viewpointsoninformationexplosion.PartThreeisabouttheopponents’viewpointsoninformationexplosion.PartFourmakesapresentationofmyownviewpointsontheinformationexplosioninthenewcentury.Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldgivemesomesuggestionsonhowtoimprovemyresearchpaper.

Yoursrespectfully

ZhangPing

6.單選題

Inthewife’seyes,his（）totheirmarriagelifeisfarfromperfect.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.requirement

B.commitment

C.participation

D.reflection

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)requirement“要求”；B選項(xiàng)commitment“承諾，保證”；C選項(xiàng)participation“參與，分享”；D選項(xiàng)reflection“反射，沉思”。句意：在妻子眼中，他對婚姻生活的承諾是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

7.填空題

ProfessorReich’splaneis（1）at2:30.Canyougototheairportto（2）himup?

【答案】1.arriving

2.pick

【解析】1.語義題。Arriveat到達(dá)。

2.固定搭配。picksb.up接某人。

8.單選題

Chicago'ssegregationofminoritiesisasoldasthecityitself.TheAfrican-Americanneighborhoodsoftoday'sSouthandWestsidesarelocatedinexactlythesamepartsofthecityastheAfrican-Americanneighborhoodsof1910.Andfrom1930totoday,theseAfricanAmericaneighborhoodshavebeenrepresentedinCongressandinthestatehousebyAfrican-Americanpoliticians,whohavedoneverylittle(otherthanpassFederalbenefitprograms)toliftAfrican-Americansoutofpoverty.Inthe2000Census,forexample,ofthetenpoorestcensustractsintheentireUnitedStates,ninewerelocatedintheSouthandWestSideAfrican-AmericanareasruledbyAfrican-AmericancongressmenBobbyRushandJesseJacksonJr.TheconceptofWesternImperialColonialismisverypopularintheliteratureofracialexploitation.ThecontinentofAfricawasdividedupinto“colonies”bythemajorEuropeanImperialpowersinaveryshortperiodoftime:justsevenyears,from1885to1892.Previously,Britainhadseizedvastterritoriesbelongingtootherculturesforhundredsofyears.Butin20thcenturyAmericaanewtypeofcolonywasinvented:AmericanurbancoloniesinthelargemetropolitanareasfromtheMidwestandNortheasttoLosAngeles.TheseweremadepossiblebytheGreatMigrationofAfrican-AmericansfromtheSouthtotheNorth,whichbeganduringWWI.Astheymovednorth,African-Americanswereimmediatelyconfinedtoghettoesdefinedbyracialboundaries.Noonedoubtsthatthissegregationwasdoneintentionally.Butit'simportanttorealizethatthissegregationwasnotcreatedbytheracistattitudesoftheresidentsofChicago(Chicagoneverhadslaves)butbytherulingpoliticalelite.AssoonastheAfrican-AmericanpopulationofChicagobegantoexpand,theGreatDepressionhitandputmanypersonsoutofwork.FDR'sresponsetothiswastocreatetheNewDealprogramsofwelfare,foodassistance,andsubsidizedhousing.Whilethisgreatlyhelpedunemployedpersonsofallraces,forAfrican-Americansitbegantheghettoizationoftheirpeopleintowhatcanonlybecalledurbancoloniesinthelargecitiesofthenorth.Thepatternseeninthe

20largestcitiesoftheUnitedStatesfrom1920to2010isremarkablyconsistent.In192019ofthetwentylargestcitieswerealllocatedintheNorth.Allofthesenineteencitieswerefrom92.5%to99%white.TheoneexceptionwasBaltimore,MDandthatwas85%white.Ithadaslightlylargerblackpopulationonlybecauseitwasaportofentryfortheslavetrade.Similarly,allofthesecitiessawgreatincreasesintheirblackpopulationsstartingin1920.By1990thesecitieswerefrom26to76%black.ThesecitiesdidnotlosewhitesbecauseAfrican-Americansmovedin.Rather,itismoreaccuratetosaythatAmericansareahighlymigratorygroup,andthebigcitieswereportsofentryforEuropeanimmigrants.Soaswhitesleft,politicianswantedtomaintaintheirpopulationnumbers.

Bythe2010CensusthecitieswiththehighestblackpopulationswereDetroit,MI,whichwas83%black,andNewark,NJwhichwas52%.(Sources:CensuspaperNo.76andCensus2010Quickfacts).AndsinceinallthemajorindustrialcitiesoftheNorth,thedestinationsofjob-seekingAfrican-AmericanmigrantswerecontrolledbyDemocrats,itisoverwhelminglyclearthatthesegreatpocketsofurbanpovertywerecreatedandmaintainedbythatonepoliticalparty.Tragicallyallofthesecitieshaveveryhighratesofsegregation,pooreducationforAfrican-Americans;highunemployment,singlemotherhood,andcrime.InChicago,“negrowards”astheywerethencalled,werequicklydrawnup:theirboundariesreflected(andpromoted)theracialsegregationofthetime.TheirpoliticalrepresentativeswereAfrican-American,andtheywereexpectedtodelivervotestotheDemocraticParty.MostAmericansdon'tknowthatChicagoisthecenterforblackpolitics.

Furthermore,sinceLincolnfreedtheslaves,African-AmericansinChicagovotedforRepublicans,untilaDemocraticMayor,AntonCermak,tookover;firedallthethousandsofAfrican-AmericanswhoRepublicanshadgivencitygovernmentjobs,andtookovertheblackvote.SincethattimeChicago'sAfrican-Americanshavebeenrepresentedexclusivelybyblackpoliticians,andalwayslivedinpoverty.WhatmadetheblacksubmachineofChicagopossiblewasthatChicagoalreadyhadinplaceaDemocraticMachine.ExploitationispromulgatedbyurbanDemocratsasawaytomanipulateresidentsandkeepthemselvesinpower.WhatmakestheAmericanUrbanColonialismplansorevolutionaryandingeniousisthatitdoesnotrelyonagreementswithforeigngovernments;themarketpriceofironore,orcottonforprofits;butonFederalbenefitprograms.Theseprogramdollarsareinfinitelymorereliableandpoliticallystable.

1.Accordingtotheessay,Americancitieslostwhiteresidentsdueto（

）.

2.Theessaysconvincinglydemonstratesthat

（

）.

3.TheDemocraticMachineinChicagoprovidesincentivesintheformof

（

）.

4.ObamamovedtoChicagobecause

（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,Americanurbancolonialismistheresultof（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whitevoter'sminorityruleintheRepublicanparty

B.theinfluxofEuropeanimmigrants

C.themigratorynatureofAmericans

D.ghettoizationbyAfrican-Americans

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.powerismoreimportantthanpeople

B.whiteAmericansareessentiallyracist

C.theCivilWarwasfoughtfornothing

D.slavetradedeterminedthefateofethnicminoritiesinAmericancities

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.segregationofminorities

B.highunemployment,singlemotherhood,andcrime

C.federalbenefitprograms

D.negrowards

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theblacksubmachinealreadyhadinplaceaDemocraticMachine

B.Chicagoisthecenterforblackpolitics

C.theGreatMigrationofdirectedAfrican-AmericansfromtheSouthtotheNorth

D.ChicagoisthemostsegregatedcityinAmerica

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theghettoizationofAfrican-AmericanpeopleinAmericancities

B.thesegregationofminorities

C.thepoliticalclientelismoftheblacksubmachine

D.westernimperialcolonialisminAfrica

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。由文中“ThesecitiesdidnotlosewhitesbecauseAfrican-Americansmovedin.Rather,itismoreaccuratetosaythatAmericansareahighlymigratorygroup...這些城市沒有因?yàn)榉侵抟崦绹说倪w入而失去了美國白人。更準(zhǔn)確地不如說美國人是一個高度迀移的群體······”可知C選項(xiàng)“美國人遷移的本性”正確。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。由文中“ExploitationispromulgatedbyurbanDemocratsasawaytomanipulateresidentsandkeepthemselvesinpower.開發(fā)被城市民主黨人作為一種操縱居民且讓自己掌權(quán)的方式來宣傳。”可知A項(xiàng)“權(quán)力比人民更重要”正確。

第3題:3.推理判斷題。由文中“·...itisoverwhelminglyclearthatthesegreatpocketsofurbanpovertywerecreatedandmaintainedbythatonepoliticalparty...非常明顯的是這些巨大的城市貧困區(qū)是由那一個政黨造成并保持的。”和“WhatmadetheblacksubmachineofChicagopossiblewasthatChicagoalreadyhadinplaceaDemocraticMachine.ExploitationispromulgatedbyurbanDemocratsasawaytomanipulateresidentsandkeepthemselvesinpower.讓芝加哥黑人子機(jī)構(gòu)成為可能的是芝加哥已有一個民主黨機(jī)構(gòu)。開發(fā)被城市民主黨人作為一種操縱居民且讓自己掌權(quán)的方式來宣傳?！钡膶?yīng)可推知A項(xiàng)“對少數(shù)民族進(jìn)行種族隔離”正確。

第4題:4.推理判斷題。由文中“TheirpoliticalrepresentativeswereAfrican-American,andtheywereexpectedtodelivervotestotheDemocraticParty.MostAmericansdon’tknowthatChicagoisthecenterforblackpolitics.他們（即芝加哥黑人）的政治代表是非洲裔美國人，他們被期待去將自己的選票投給民主黨。大多數(shù)美國人不知曉芝加哥是黑人政治中心。”可知B選項(xiàng)“芝加哥是黑人政治的中心”正確。

第5題:5.推理判斷題。題目詢問“美國城市殖民主義是······的結(jié)果”。由文中“Noonedoubtsthatthissegregationwasdoneintentionally.Butit’simportanttorealizethatthissegregationwasnotcreatedbytheracistattitudesoftheresidentsofChicago(Chicagoneverhadslaves)butbytherulingpoliticalelite.沒有人懷疑這種種族隔離（即‘Americanurbancolonies美國城市殖民地’現(xiàn)象）被有意地進(jìn)行，但是認(rèn)識到它不是由芝加哥（其從未有過奴隸）居民的種族主義態(tài)度而是由執(zhí)政的政治精英造成的卻很重要。”可知B項(xiàng)“對少數(shù)民族的種族隔離”正確。

9.單選題

Anoldsongsaysthat“l(fā)ovemakestheworldgoaround.”Ifyou（1）AmericansonValentine'sDay,youcanbelieveit.Thewholecountry（2）outwithlittleredhearts.Love（3）peoplegivecards,flowers,andcandytotheirsweethearts.

Youmightcallita(n)（4）celebrationoflove.TheAmerican（5）oflovebeginswithdating.Youngpeopledateinseveralways.Atfirsttheymighthave（6）dateswithseveralboysandgirlstogether.Later,theystartgoingon（7）dates—justoneboyandonegirl.Whentwocouplesgoouttogether,wecallit（8）dating.Afriendmighteven（9）ablinddateforyouwithsomeoneyoudon'tknow.Thatdoesn'tmeanyoukeepyour（10）closedthewholeevening!Youjustdon'tknowwhoyourpartnerwillbe（11）thetimeforthedate.Americansviewdating（12）frompeopleinothercultures.Americanyoungpeopleseeadateasatimejusttohave（13）.

Theydon'talwayshavearomanticinterestinmind.Someonemaygooutwithonepersonthisweek,and（14）personthenext.Afterawhile,aboyandagirlmaydecidetheywantto“go（15）.”Thismeanstheythinkofeachotheras“boyfriendandgirlfriend.”Romanceisbeginningto（16）.

RomanticloveisverymuchapartofAmericanculture.Movies,TVshowsandbooksinAmericaall（17）peoplewhofallinlove.（18）,loveisapartofeveryculture,notjustAmericanculture.Peopleallovertheworldsearch（19）happinessinalovingrelationship.Maybelove（20）maketheworldgoaround.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.see

B.watch

C.examine

D.investigate

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.breaks

B.comes

C.takes

D.turns

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.caught

B.struck

C.grabbed

D.expelled

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.annual

B.quarterly

C.accurate

D.acute

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.contribution

B.concern

C.concept

D.consideration

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.individual

B.group

C.member

D.acquaintance

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.single

B.collective

C.specific

D.intimate

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.blind

B.absurd

C.double

D.common

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.arise

B.propose

C.raise

D.arrange

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.phones

B.eyes

C.ears

D.doors

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.until

B.as

C.when

D.if

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.flexibly

B.similarly

C.differently

D.uniformly

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.romance

B.fun

C.love

D.anguish

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.else

B.same

C.other

D.another

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.swift

B.sweet

C.steady

D.steep

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.languish

B.bloom

C.fade

D.fail

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.picture

B.catch

C.exclude

D.criticize

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.Consequently

B.Actually

C.Finally

D.Recently

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.of

C.in

D.for

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.has

B.does

C.helps

D.leads

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:B

第14題:D

第15題:C

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:B

第19題:D

第20題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.see看B.watch看；觀察

C.examine檢查D.investigate調(diào)查

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】聯(lián)系上下文。

【解題思路】上一句提到“有一首老哥中唱到‘愛讓世界轉(zhuǎn)動’”，本句句意為“在情人節(jié)的時(shí)候，如果你______美國人就會相信這句話”，可知，空格處表示“看，觀察”，watch指有意識地看，往往指仔細(xì)地盯著看事物的變化，譯為“注視，觀察”。所以該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)通常表示“看的客觀結(jié)果”，即“看見，看到”，放在空格處不是很恰當(dāng)；

C、D項(xiàng)不符合語義邏輯。

【句意】如果你看到美國人是如何慶祝情人節(jié)的，你就會相信這句話。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.breaks打破；弄破B.comes開始；出現(xiàn)

C.takes拿，取D.turns轉(zhuǎn)動

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】搭配。

【解題思路】本句句意是“整個國家______小紅心”，可推測空格處表示“到處都是”，根據(jù)out可知，固定搭配breakout表示“爆發(fā)，突發(fā)”，放在這里可以理解為“涌現(xiàn)”，所以該題選擇A項(xiàng)恰當(dāng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)comeout表示“出版；結(jié)果是”，不符合句意；

C項(xiàng)takeout表示“取出”，不符合句意；

D項(xiàng)turnout表示“結(jié)果是”，不符合句意。

【句意】整個國家到處都是小紅心。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.caught捕捉B.struck撞擊，碰撞

C.grabbed抓住，攫取D.expelled把……開除（或除名）

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】搭配。

【解題思路】分析句子可知，love______是作為定語修飾people，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知是動詞的過去分詞做定語修飾love，結(jié)合句意“______人們給他們的愛人卡片、鮮花和糖果”可知，空格處表示“戀愛中的人”，而lovestruck是固定搭配，表示“被愛擊中的”，符合句意。所以該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)沒有此搭配。

【句意】戀愛中的人會送卡片、鮮花和糖果給他們的心上人。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.annual一年一度的B.quarterly季度的，每季的

C.accurate正確無誤的D.acute十分嚴(yán)重的；急性的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】聯(lián)系上下文。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意“你可以把它稱為______愛情慶典”，其中“它”指的是上一段提到的情人節(jié)，根據(jù)常識可知，情人節(jié)是一年一度，所以A項(xiàng)符合。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)不符合上下文語義；

C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】你可以把它稱為一年一度的愛情慶典。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.contribution捐款，捐資B.concern（尤指許多人共同的）擔(dān)心，憂慮

C.concept概念，觀念D.consideration仔細(xì)考慮，深思

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】語義邏輯。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意“美國人對愛情的______始于約會”可知，這里應(yīng)該是指對于愛情的概念或觀念，所以選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】美國人對愛情的概念始于約會。

6.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.individual個人的B.group群體

C.member成員D.acquaintance熟人

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】語義邏輯。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意“一開始，他們可能是______約會，幾個男孩和女孩在一起”可知，幾個男孩和女孩在一起可推測這是集體約會，所以B符合。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合語義邏輯。

【句意】一開始，他們可能是集體約會，幾個男孩和女孩在一起。

7.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.single單一的，單獨(dú)的B.collective集體的

C.specific具體的；獨(dú)特的D.intimate親密的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】語義邏輯。

【解題思路】根據(jù)破折號后面的句意“只有一男一女”可知，他們集體約會之后就開始單獨(dú)約會，所以A項(xiàng)符合邏輯。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合語義邏輯。

【句意】之后，他們開始單獨(dú)約會，只有一男一女。

8.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.blind盲目的；瞎的B.absurd荒謬的，荒唐的

C.double兩倍的；成雙的，成對的D.common共同的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】語義邏輯。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意“當(dāng)兩對情侶一起出去時(shí)，我們稱之為______約會”可知，兩對情侶一起約會，這是成雙成對的，所以C項(xiàng)符合。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)不符合語義邏輯。