考研考博-英語-吉林化工學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林化工學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

OnceRenaissancepaintersdiscoveredhowto（

）volumeanddepth,theywereabletoreplacethemedievalconventionofsymbolic,two-dimensionalspacewiththemoreillusionofactualspace.

問題1選項

A.reverse...conventional

B.portray...abstract

C.deny...concrete

D.render...realistic

【答案】D

【解析】詞義辨析題。第一個空的選項：reverse“顛倒，倒轉(zhuǎn)”；portray“描繪，扮演”：deny“否認，拒絕給予”；render“提供，以……回報，描繪，處理（繪畫等的主題）”，第二個空的選項：conventional“傳統(tǒng)的，習慣的”；abstract“抽象的”；concrete“具體的，有形的”；realistic“現(xiàn)實的，實際的，實事求是的”，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“volumeanddepth”“symbolic”和句意‘當文藝復興的畫家們發(fā)現(xiàn)如何描繪體積和深度之后，他們就能夠使用更現(xiàn)實的實在空間感來取代中世紀的象征意味的、二維空間的繪畫習慣了’確定D選項正確。

2.單選題

Ingeneral，matterswhichlieentirelywithinstatebordersarethe（）concernofstategov-ernments.

問題1選項

A.extinct

B.excluding

C.excessive

D.exclusive

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:—般來說，國家邊境問題是政府（）關(guān)心的問題。

extinct滅絕的；excluding除…外，不包括;excessive過度的，過分的;exclusive獨有的，專一的。D項exclusive獨有的，專一的符合句意，在這里表示“專門的,特別的”。

3.單選題

ThebrideandthebridegroomwereoverwhelmedinhappinesswhentheirfamilyofferedtotakethemtoRometo（）themarriage.

問題1選項

A.terminate

B.initiate

C.consummate

D.separate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。terminate“終止，結(jié)束”；initiate“開始”；consummate“完成”；separate“分開”。句意：當聽到他們的家人要帶他們?nèi)チ_馬完婚，這對新郎新娘感到非常幸福。選項C符合題意。

4.單選題

Amongallthechangesresultingfromthe______entryofwomenintotheworkforce,thetransformationthathasoccurredinthewomenthemselvesisnottheleastimportant.

問題1選項

A.massive

B.quantitative

C.surplus

D.formidable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項massive“大量的”，B項quantitative“定量的，數(shù)量的”，C項surplus“剩余的”，D項formidable“可怕的，令人敬畏的”。根據(jù)句子可知，空格處填入一個形容詞修飾women，結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞workforce“勞動力”可知，空格處填入A項符合句意。句意：在婦女大量進入勞動大軍所引起的所有變化中，婦女本身發(fā)生的轉(zhuǎn)變并非最不重要。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

5.翻譯題

PutthefollowingintoEnglish.

十九世紀末,中國開始舉辦師范教育。1949年中華人民共和國成立之后,在各級政府的關(guān)心和支持下,中國師范教育進入了前所未有的發(fā)展階段。在科學技術(shù)迅猛發(fā)展的今天,振興經(jīng)濟的希望在教育,教師隊伍的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量對教育發(fā)展具有決定性的影響。在中國這樣一個擁有世界教師總量五分之一的龐大教師隊伍的國家,人民教師的地位和作用直接關(guān)系到教育事業(yè)乃至整個國家的發(fā)展。

師范教育(teachereducation)

【答案】Attheendof19thcentury,theteachereducationbeganinChina.SincethefoundationofPeople’sRepublicofChinain1949,ithasundergoneanunprecedenteddevelopmentthankstosolicitudeandsupportofthecentralandlocalgovernmentWiththerapiddevelopmentoftechnologyandsciencenowadays,educationbecomesvitaltothegrowthofeconomy.Itsdevelopment,however,isdeterminedbythenumberanprofessionalexpertiseofteachers.Chinaownsone-fifthoftheteachersofthewholeworld,andthedevelopmentoftheeducationalissuesandeventhewholecountryaredirectlyaffectedbythestatusandfunctionoftheteachers.

6.單選題

Thehumancriterionforperfectvisionis20/20forreadingthestandardlinesonaSnelleneyechartwithoutahitch.Thescoreisdeterminedbyhowwellyoureadlinesoflettersofdifferentsizesfrom20feetaway.Butbeingabletoreadthebottomlineontheeyechartdoesnotapproximateperfectionasfarasotherspeciesareconcerned.Mostbirdswouldconsiderusveryvisuallyhandicapped.Thehawk,forinstance,hassuchsharpeyesthatitcanspotadimeeathesidewalkwhileperchedonthetopoftheEmpireStateBuilding.Itcanmakefinevisualdistinctionsbecauseitisblessedwithonemillionconespersquaremillimeterinitsretina.Andinwater,humansarefar-sighted,whilethekingfisher,swoopingdowntospearfish,canseewellinbothairandwaterbecauseitisendowedwithtwofoveae-areasoftheeye,consistingmostlyofcones,thatprovidevisualdistinctions.Onefoveaepermitsthebird,whileintheairtoscanthewaterbelowwithoneeyeatatime.Thisiscalledmonocularvision.Onceithitsthewater,theotherfoveajoinsin,allowingthekingfishertofocusbatheye,likebinoculars,onitpreyatthesametime.Afrogsvisionisdistinguishedbyitsabilitytoperceivethingsasaconstantmotionpicture.Knownas"bugdetectors",ahighlydevelopedsetofcellsinafrog'seyesrespondsmainlytomovingobjects.So,itissaidthatafrogsittinginafieldofdeadbugswouldn’tseethemasfoodandwouldstarve.

Thebeehasa“compound’’eye,whichisusedfornavigation.Ithas15,000facet,thatdividewhatitseenintoapatternofdots,ormosaic.Withthiskindofvision,thebeeseesthesunonlyasconstantlymeasurestheangleofitslineoffightinrelationtothesun.Abee's'eyealsogaugesflightspeed.Andifthatisnotenoughtoleaveour20/20“perfectvision,palingintoinsignificance,thebeeiscapableofseeingsomethingwecan't-ultravioletlight.Thus,whathumansconsidertobe"perfectvision"isinfactratherlimitedwhenwelookatotherspecies.However,thereisstillmuchtobesaidforthehumaneye.Ofallthemammals,onlyhumansandsomeprimatescanenjoythepleasureofcolorvision.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whymightbirdsandanimalsconsiderhumansveryvisuallyhandicapped?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

4.Theword"that”inline10referto（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Eyevariationamongdifferentspecies

B.Limitsofthehumaneye

C.Perfectvision

D.Differenteyesfordifferentuses

問題2選項

A.Humanscan'tseeverywellineitherairorwater.

B.Humanseyesarenotaswellsuitedtoourneeds.

C.Themainoutstandingfeatureofhumaneyesiscolorvision.

D.Humaneyescan'tdowhattheireyescan.

問題3選項

A.Kingfishershavemonocularvision.

B.Hawkseyesconsistmostlyofconesthatcanallowittoscanwithoneeyeatatime.

C.Humansarefarsightedinwater.

D.Beesseepatternsofdots.

問題4選項

A.Foveae

B.Areasoftheeye

C.Cones

D.Visualdistinction

問題5選項

A.Eyeshavedevelopeddifferentlyineachspecies

B.Beeshavethemostcomplexeyes

C.Humansshouldnotenvywhattheydon'tneed

D.Perfectvisionisnotperfect.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.試題解析：主旨大意題。文章第一段提到人類的視力與其他物種相比，并不是完美的，緊接著列舉了幾種不同動物的眼睛及其視力特征；第二段主要介紹了動物“蜜蜂”的眼睛特征，簡要提到了只有人類和一些靈長類動物才能享受彩色視覺的樂趣。因此本文主要是介紹不同的眼睛有不同的用途，選D。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Butbeingabletoreadthebottomlineontheeyechartdoesnotapproximateperfectionasfarasotherspeciesareconcerned.Mostbirdswouldconsiderusveryvisuallyhandicapped.（但是，對其他物種來說，能夠讀懂眼圖上的底線并不能接近完美。大多數(shù)鳥類會認為我們視力很差）可知人類的視力比其他動物的視力要差，具有局限性，因此選D。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的whilethekingfisher...Onefoveaepermitsthebird,whileintheairtoscanthewaterbelowwithoneeyeatatime.（然而翠鳥……其中一個凹窩允許飛翔在空中的翠鳥不吋用一只眼瞳掃視水面的情況）可知B選項不是鷹眼的特征，而是翠鳥眼睛的特征，題干中問的是“NOTtrue”，因此選B。

4.詞義題。根據(jù)題干信息“"that”inline10”定位至文章第一段中，由Andinwater,humansarefar-sighted,whilethekingfisher,swoopingdowntospearfish,canseewellinbothairandwaterbecauseitisendowedwithtwofoveae-areasoftheeye,consistingmostlyofcones,thatprovidevisualdistinctions.（在水里，人類是遠視的，而俯沖到水里捉魚的翠鳥在水上和水下都能看清景物，因為它的眼睛里有兩凹窩區(qū)域，這兩個凹窩主要由具有視覺分辨能力的圓錐細胞組成）可知句中的“that”為關(guān)系代詞，修飾前面的先行詞“cones”，引導定語從句并在從句中作主語，因此選C。

5.推理判斷題。本文主要介紹了人類眼睛的特點以及鷹、翠鳥、青蛙、蜜蜂這幾種不同動物的眼睛特征與視力，因此A選項“每一物種的眼睛都有不同的發(fā)育”符合題意。

7.單選題

Thescientistsbecameveryexcitedastheyfelttheywereonthe（）ofadiscovery.

問題1選項

A.crest

B.borderline

C.brink

D.bluff

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。onthebrinkof“在……的邊緣”，句意：當感覺自己處于一個發(fā)現(xiàn)的邊緣時，科學家們變得非常興奮。故C選項正確。

8.單選題

Motivationlevelscan（

）frompersontoperson,soitisimportanttotreateachpatient’spsychologicalproblemseparatelywithsolutionsforeachofthemrespectively.

問題1選項

A.differ

B.vary

C.alter

D.distinguish

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。Differ“使不同”；vary“使多樣化”；alter“改變，更改；distinguish“區(qū)分，辨別。句意：動機水平因人而異，因此，重要的是要分別對待每個病人的心理問題，并針對每個問題提出相應的解決方案。選項B符合題意。

9.單選題

Speakersandlistenersareoftenatodds:languagethatiseasyforthereceivertounderstandisoftendifficulttoproduce,andthatwhichiseasilyformulatedcanbehardto（）.

問題1選項

A.comprehend

B.ignore

C.confirm

D.defend

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。comprehend理解，包含；ignore忽視，不理睬confirm確認，確定；defend辯護。由前半句可知說話者與接受者之間存在矛盾，故后面可推知這兩者之間還存在另一種矛盾，即容易表達的話卻難以理解。故A項正確。句意：說話者和傾聽者常常意見不一致:容易讓接受者理解的語言往往很難產(chǎn)生，而容易表達的語言卻很難理解。

10.單選題

Thenewspapermustprovideforthereaderobjectivelyselectedfacts;Butinthesedaysofcomplexnewsitmustprovideinterpretation,themeaningofthefacts.

However,theopponentsofinterpretationinsistthatthewriterandtheeditorshouldconfinethemselves（1）the"facts":Thisinsistence

（2）twoquestions:Whatarethefacts?Arethebarefactsenough?

Astothefirstquestion,considerhowaso-called"factual"storycomesabout.Thereportercollects

（3）

fiftyfacts;outofthesefiftyhisspace（4）

beingnecessarilyrestricted,heselectsten

（5）

heconsidersmostimportant.ThisisJudgmentNumberOne.Thenheorhiseditordecideswhichofthesetenfactsshall

（6）

theleadofthepiece.(Thisisanimportantdecisionbecausemanyreadersdonot

（7）

eyondthefirstparagraph.)ThisisJudgmentNumberTwo.Thenthenighteditordetermineswhetherthearticleshallbepresentedonpageone,whereithasalargeimpact,

（8）

onpagetwenty-four,whereithaslittle.JudgmentNumberThree.

Thus,inthepresentationofaso-called"factual"or"objective"story,atleastthreejudgmentsareinvolved.Andtheyarejudgmentsnotatallunlike

（9）

involvedininterpretation,inwhichreporterandeditor,calling

（10）

theirresearchresources,theirgeneralbackground,andtheir"newsneutralism"arriveataconclusionastothesignificanceofthenews.

問題1選項

A.with

B.by

C.through

D.to

問題2選項

A.raises

B.rises

C.arises

D.rouses

問題3選項

A.speak

B.state

C.remark

D.say

問題4選項

A.agreement

B.assignment

C.allotment

D.arrangement

問題5選項

A.what

B.which

C.how

D.whether

問題6選項

A.determine

B.involve

C.constitute

D.organize

問題7選項

A.progress

B.prolong

C.prospect

D.proceed

問題8選項

A.rather

B.than

C.or

D.instead

問題9選項

A.that

B.this

C.these

D.those

問題10選項

A.up

B.off

C.upon

D.for

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:C

【解析】第1題:考查固定搭配。confinesb.to“將某人限定在…內(nèi)”，答案D

第2題:考查固定搭配。此空意為提出問題raisequestions，答案A

第3題:考查動詞辨析。say做副詞用，前后用逗號隔開，表示“大約、例如”，答案D

第4題:考查名詞辨析。agreement協(xié)議；arrangement安排；assignment分派指定的任務；allotment分配、配發(fā)。由上下文可知此空意為“分配”，答案C

第5題:考查連詞辨析。此處由which引導定語從句，答案B

第6題:考查動詞辨析。determine決定、下決心；involve包含、牽涉；constitute組成，構(gòu)成；organize組織。句意：編輯要從這十個事實選一個構(gòu)成總領(lǐng)。答案C

第7題:考查動詞辨析。progress進步；prolong延長；prospect勘探；proceed繼續(xù)進行。句意：讀者不會繼續(xù)再讀下一段。答案D

第8題:考查固定搭配。whether…or…“不管…還是…”

第9題:考查代詞辨析。those指代judgments

第10題:考查詞組辨析。callup征召…入伍；calloff取消；callupon號召，要求，拜訪；callfor要求、需要。句意：記者和編輯會結(jié)合調(diào)查資源、大環(huán)境背景和新聞中立性原則……答案C

11.單選題

Variousinnovationshavebeenintroducedaswaystobreakoffoursystemwhichforcesstudentsthroughaseriousofidenticalclassroomsinwhichteachersdomostofthetalkingandstudentshavelittleopportunitytorespond.Amongtheseinnovationsareteamteachingandteachingaides,non-gradedelementaryandsecondaryschools,independentstudy,curriculafocusedonhelpingstudentsdiscoverthingsforthemselvesratherthanontryingtotellthemeverything,andschoolsdesignedformaximumflexibilitysothatstudentscanworkalone,orinsmallgroups,ortakepartinlarge--groupinstructionviadiversemedia.Theaimofalltheseinnovationsistoadaptinstructionmorepreciselytotheneedsofeachindividualstudent.Manypeoplewhohaveastrongdisliketoorganizinginstructionscientificallyandtobringingnewtechnologyintotheschoolsandcollegesfailtorealizethatthepresentsystemisinmanyrespectsmechanicalandrigid.Thevastdifferencesinthewaysstudentslearnaredisregardedwhentheyaretaughtthesamething,inthesameway,atthesametime.Thereisnoescapingtheevidencethatmanystudentsthemselvesfeellittleenthusiasmandevenoutrighthostilityforthepresentwayschoolsandcollegesareorganizedandinstructionishandled.Manyofthemresenttechnology,butwhattheyobjecttoisusuallytechnologyusedasameansforhandlingalargenumberofstudents.Oritisprogrammingwhichmerelyreproducesconventionalclassroomrespondsandlearns,reachingnewplateausfromwhichtoclimbtohigherlevelsofunderstanding.Technologicalmediacanstoreinformationuntilitisneededorwanted.Theycandistributeitoverdistancestoreachthestudentswherehehappenstobe.Theycanpresenttheinformationtothestudentthroughvarioussenses.Theycangivethestudenttheopportunitytoreacttothematerialinmanyways.Inshort,thestudents’opportunitiesforlearningcanbeincreasedandenhancedbyusingawiderangeofinstructionaltechnology.Alltheavailableresourcesforinstruction,includingtheteachers,canworktogethertocreateconditionsformaximumeffectivelearning.

1.Theauthorismainlyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthearticlethatagoodeducationalsystemmust（

）.

3.Thenegativereactionsofstudentstotechnologyaretheresultof

（

）.

4.Allofthefollowingarementionedasacapabilityaretheresultof

（

）.

問題1選項

A.providingthepossibilityforstudentstotakethecoursestheywant

B.makingtechnologyanactivetoolintheschool

C.relievingtheteacherfromroutineduties

D.meetingtheneedsofeachstudent

問題2選項

A.notdependonteachers

B.makeuseofvaryingmethodsofteaching

C.placearenewedemphasisonscience

D.notorganizetheirinstruction

問題3選項

A.unknownfactors

B.ageneralhostilitytowardeducation

C.itsmisuse

D.itsnewnessintheschools

問題4選項

A.makeiteasierforstudentstoobtainneededinformation

B.providemanywaysofteachingthesamething

C.makelearningeasyandfun

D.providestudentswithenrollmentexam

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)原文第三句“Theaimofalltheseinnovationsistoadaptinstructionmorepreciselytotheneedsofeachindividualstudent.所有這些創(chuàng)新的目的是調(diào)整教學使之更加精確來適應每個學生的需要。”由此可知，作者最關(guān)心的是滿足每個學生的需求。選項D正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一句“Alltheavailableresourcesforinstruction,includingtheteachers,canworktogethertocreateconditionsformaximumeffectivelearning.所有可用的教學資源，包括教師，可以共同努力，為最大限度地有效學習創(chuàng)造條件?！庇纱丝赏茰y，選項B正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第七句“Manyofthemresenttechnology,butwhattheyobjecttoisusuallytechnologyusedasameansforhandlingalargenumberofstudents.他們（學生）中的許多人討厭技術(shù)，但他們反對的通常是技術(shù)被用作處理大量學生的手段?！币簿褪钦f，大多數(shù)學生反對技術(shù)是因為技術(shù)被錯誤的使用，所以選項C正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文后半部分“Theycanpresenttheinformationtothestudentthroughvarioussenses.Theycangivethestudenttheopportunitytoreacttothematerialinmanyways.Inshort,thestudents’opportunitiesforlearningcanbeincreasedandenhancedbyusingawiderangeofinstructionaltechnology.它們（技術(shù)）可以通過各種判斷把信息呈現(xiàn)給學生。它們可以給學生機會，以多種方式對事物作出反應?？傊?，學生的學習機會可以通過使用廣泛的教學技術(shù)來增加和提高?！庇纱丝芍挥羞x項D沒有提及，所以本題選D。

12.填空題

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

PopulationChanging

AsGilbertWhite,Darwin,andothersobservedlongago,allspeciesappeartohavetheinnatecapacitytoincreasetheirnumbersfromgenerationtogeneration.(41)Thegreatvarietyofdynamicbehaviorsexhibitedbydifferentpopulationsmakesthistaskmoredifficult:somepopulationsremainroughlyconstantfromyeartoyear;othersexhibitregularcyclesofabundanceandscarcity;stillothersvarywildly,withoutbreaksandcrashesthatareinsomecasesplainlycorrelatedwiththeweather,andinothercasesnot.

(42)Theseecologistspositthattherelativelysteadypopulationshave“density-dependent”growthparameters;thatis,ratesofbirth,death,andmigrationwhichdependstronglyonpopulationdensity.Theseratesfluctuateinawaythatiswhollyindependentofpopulationdensity.

Thedichotomyhasitsuses,butitcancauseproblemsiftakentooliterally.(43)Nomatterhowseverelyorunpredictablybirth,deathandmigrationratesmaybefluctuatingaroundtheirlong-termaverages.Iftherewerenodensity-dependenteffects,thepopulationwould,inthelongrun,eitherincreaseordecreasewithoutbound.Putanotherway,itmaybethatonaverage99percentofalldeathsinapopulationarisefromdensity-independentcauses,andonlyonepercentfromfactorsvaryingwithdensity.Thefactorsmakinguptheonepercentmayseemimportant.(44)

Inordertounderstandthenatureoftheecologist’sinvestigation,wemaythinkofthedensity-dependenteffectsongrowthparametersasthe“signal”ecologistsaretryingtoisolateandinterpret,onethattendstomakethepopulationincreasefromrelativelylowvaluesordecreasefromrelativelyhighones,whiledensity-dependenteffectsacttoproduce“nose”inthepopulationdynamics.Forpopulationsthatremainrelativelyconstant,orthatoscillatearoundrepeatedcycles,thesignalcanbefairlyeasilycharacterizedanditseffectdescribed,eventhoughthecausativebiologicalmechanismmayremainunknown.(45)Butitnowseemsclearthatallpopulationsareregulatedbyamixtureofdensity-dependentanddensity-independenteffectsinvaryingproportions.

A.Itissometimespossibletoinfertheexistenceofadensity-independentfactorcontrollingpopulationgrowthwithoutunderstandingitscausativemechanism.

B.Thetaskforecologistsistountangletheenvironmentalandbiologicalfactorsthatholdthisintrinsiccapacityforpopulationgrowthincheckoverthelongrun.

C.However,whetherrecognizedornot,theywillusuallydeterminethelong-termaveragepopulationdensity.

D.Toimposesomeorderonthiskaleidoscopeofpatterns,oneschoolofthoughtproposesdividingpopulationsintotwogroups.

E.Forirregularlyfluctuatingpopulations,wearelikelytohavetoofewobservationstohaveanyhopeofextractingthesignalfromtheoverwhelmingnoise.

F.Foronething,nopopulationcanbedrivenentirelybydensity-independentfactorsallthetime.

【答案】41.B

42.D

43.F

44.C

45.E

【解析】41.下一句中提到了一個關(guān)鍵詞thistask，所以空格這一句和task有關(guān)，故B項正確。

42.該段講了種群的兩種增長參數(shù)，density-dependent和density-independent，所以第一句很可能是該段的中心句，介紹這兩類參數(shù)，所以D項正確。

43.根據(jù)第三句“無論出生率、死亡率和遷移率圍繞其長期平均水平波動多么嚴重或不可預測，如果沒有密度依賴的影響（iftherewerenodensity-dependenteffects），從長遠來看，人口將會毫無限制地增加或減少”，這一句講的是第二段中的其中一種增長參數(shù)，由if虛擬語氣可知，上一句是和density-independent有關(guān)，F(xiàn)項正確。

44.上兩句說的是“換句話說，在一個人口中，平均99%的死亡都是由密度獨立的原因造成的，只有1%是由隨密度變化的因素造成的。構(gòu)成這1%的因素似乎不重要?！?，從這里可知，99%的死亡是由密度獨立決定，1%的密度依賴因素似乎不重要；但該段第二句提到“沒有一個種群能一直完全由密度獨立因素驅(qū)動”，所以這里空格是要表示轉(zhuǎn)折，故C項正確。

45.上一句提到“對于保持相對穩(wěn)定的種群（Forpopulationsthatremainrelativelyconstant）”，下一句中也提到了“所有的人口（allpopulations）”，可知這一句是描述的另一類種群，與“相對穩(wěn)定”相對的是“不穩(wěn)定的”，所以E項正確。

13.單選題

Notallpersonsarrestedand（）withacrimeareguilty,andthemainfunctionofcriminalcourtsistodeterminewhoisguiltyunderthelaw.

問題1選項

A.sentenced

B.accused

C.persecuted

D.charged

【答案】D

【解析】sentenced判決，審判；accused指控，控告；persecuted迫害；charged指控，控告。句意：并非所有被逮捕和被指控犯罪的人都是有罪的，刑事法院的主要職能是根據(jù)法律確定誰是有罪的。accused和charged都有指控的意思，但是accused不能與介詞with搭配，而應與of搭配，所以選項D正確。

14.單選題

Forpassengers,shipshavetheadvantageof（）cheaperthantrainsorairplanes.

問題1選項

A.havingbeen

B.tohavebeen

C.being

D.tobe

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞搭配。介詞后大多接名詞，接動詞時需要用動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。不可接不定式。故排除BD選項。A選項havingbeen“用來表示完成時態(tài)”，和本句的時態(tài)不符，故排除A。句意：對于乘客來說，輪船的優(yōu)勢是比火車和飛機便宜。這是一個事實陳述，故使用一般現(xiàn)在時，C選項being動名詞可做介詞of的賓語。故選C。

15.單選題

Onaverage,Americankidsages3to12spent29hoursaweekinschool,eighthoursmorethantheydidin1981.Theyalsodidmorehouseholdworkandparticipatedinmoreofsuchorganizedactivitiesassoccerandballet.Involvementinsports,inparticular,rosealmost50%from1981to1997:boysnowspendanaverageoffourhoursaweekplayingsports;girlsloghalfthattime.Allinall,however,children’sleisuretimedroppedfrom40%ofthedayin1981to25%.

“Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危機)thataffectstheirparents,”saysSandraHofferth,whoheadedtherecentstudyofchildren’stimetable.Achiefreason,shesays,isthatmoremothersareworkingoutsidethehome.(Nevertheless,childreninbothdouble-incomeand“malebreadwinner”householdsspentcomparableamountsoftimeinteractingwiththeirparents,19hoursand22hoursrespectively.Incontrast,childrenspentonly9hourswiththeirsinglemothers.

Allworkandnoplaycouldmakeforsomeverymessed-upkids.“Playisthemostpowerfulwayachildexplorestheworldandlearnsabouthimself,”saysT.BerryBrazelton,professoratHarvardMedicalSchool.Unstructuredplayencouragesindependentthinkingandallowstheyoungtonegotiatetheirrelationshipswiththeirpeers,butkidsaged3to12spentonly12hoursaweekengagedinit.

Thechildrensampledspentaquarteroftheirrapidlydecreasing“freetimewatchingtelevision.Butthat,believeitornot,wasoneofthefindingsparentsmightregardasgoodnews.Ifthey’respendinglesstimeinfrontoftheTVset,however,kidsaren’treplacingitwithreading.Despiteeffortstogetkidsmoreinterestedinbooks,thechildrenspentjustoveranhouraweekreading.Let’sfaceit,who’sgotthetime?

1.Bymentioning“thesametimecrunch”(Line1,Para.2)SandraHofferthmeans______.

2.Accordingtotheauthor:thereasongivenbySandraHofferthforthetimecrunchis______.

3.Accordingtotheauthorachilddevelopsbetterif______.

4.TheauthorisconcernedaboutthefactthatAmericankids______.

5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.

問題1選項

A.childrenhavelittletimetoplaywiththeirparents

B.childrenarenottakengoodcareofbytheirworkingparents

C.parentsandchildrensufferfromlackofleisuretime

D.bothparentsandchildrenhavetroublemanagingtheirtime

問題2選項

A.quiteconvincing

B.partiallytrue

C.totallygroundless

D.ratherconfusing

問題3選項

A.hehasplentyoftimereadingandstudying

B.heislefttoplaywithhispeersinhisownway

C.hehasmoretimeparticipatinginschoolactivities

D.heisfreetointeractwithhisworkingparents

問題4選項

A.areengagedinmoreandmorestructuredactivities

B.areincreasinglyneglectedbytheirworkingmothers

C.arespendingmoreandmoretimewatchingTV

D.areinvolvedlessandlessinhouseholdwork

問題5選項

A.extracurricularactivitiespromotechildren’sintelligence

B.mostchildrenwillturntoreadingwithTVsetsswitchedoff

C.effortstogetkidsinterestedinreadinghavebeenfruitful

D.mostparentsbelievereadingtobebeneficialtochildren

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干，可以定位到文章第二段第一句Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危機)thataffectstheirparents.（孩子們和他們的父母一樣，也受到時間短缺的影響）。C選項“父母和孩子都因缺乏閑暇時間而受苦”，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，C選項符合句意，因此C選項正確。A選項“孩子們幾乎沒有時間和父母一起玩”，不符合題意，可排除。B選項“孩子們沒有得到工作的父母很好的照顧”，文章沒有提到這一點，因此可排除。D選項“父母和孩子都在管理他們的時間上有困難”，不符合題意，可排除。因此C選項為正確答案。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干我們可以定位到文章第二段第一句Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危機)thataffectstheirparents.（孩子們的影響同時緊縮（危機），影響他們的父母）。B選項“部分正確”，B選項符合句意。A選項“十分信服”，作者并沒有認為她給出的理由是十分信服的。C選項“完全沒有事實根據(jù)”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項“令人困惑的”，不符合題意，可排除。因此B選項為正確答案。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。A選項“他有大量的時間閱讀和學習”，文中最后一段所說孩子們每周花在閱讀上的時間只有一個多小時，因此A可排除。B選項“他只能以自己的方式和同齡人玩游戲”，這里符合文章倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容“自由玩耍鼓勵孩子們獨立思考，并允許他們與同齡人協(xié)商他們的關(guān)系”，因此可推測和同齡人玩耍會使孩子發(fā)展得更好，因此B選項正確。C選項“他有更多的時間參加學?；顒印?，參加學校活動，導致兒童的閑暇時間減少，因此不利于兒童發(fā)展，C選項可排除。D選項“他可以自由地和他上班的父母交流”，文章所說由于父母上班，導致兒童與父母之間的交流減少，因此D選項可排除。因此B選項為正確答案。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文中第一段第二句Theyalsodidmorehouseholdworkandparticipatedinmoreofsuchorganizedactivitiesassoccerandballet.（她們也做更多的家務，參加更多的有組織的活動，如足球和芭蕾舞。）A選項“areengagedinmoreandmorestructuredactivities”（正在參與越來越多的有組織的活動），符合文章所說的內(nèi)容，兒童參加越來越多有組織的活動，因此A選項正確。B選項“越來越多的小孩被工作的母親所忽視”，文章所說，只是兩者之間交流時間減少，因此不符合題意，可排除B選項。C選項“花越來越多的時間看電視”，文章最后一段所說“孩子們把他們迅速減少的四分之一的空閑時間花在看電視上”，因此C不符合題意，可排除。D選項“家務活越來越少了”，文章第一段所說“她們也做更多的家務”，因此可排除D選項。因此A選項為正確答案。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。通讀全文。A選項“課外活動能提高孩子的智力”，符合文章倒數(shù)第二段，課外活動可以提高孩子的智力，因此A選項正確。B選項“大多數(shù)孩子會在關(guān)掉電視的情況下看書”，文章最后一段所說“如果他們在電視機前花的時間減少了，孩子們也不會用閱讀來代替”，B選項可排除。C選項“讓孩子們對閱讀感興趣的努力取得了豐碩的成果”，文章最后一段所說“盡管努力讓孩子們對書籍更感興趣，孩子們每周花在閱讀上的時間只有一個多小時”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項“大多數(shù)家長認為讀書對孩子有益”，文章沒有提到這個內(nèi)容，因此可排除D。因此A選項為正確答案。

16.單選題

Whichissafer—stayingathome,travelingtoworkonpublictransport,orworkingattheoffice?Surprisingly,eachofthesecarriesthesamerisk,whichisverylow.However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustry?Unfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!Infacttheaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome.

Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthisthatmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.Fortunately,theyareextremelyrare.ThemostfamousoneshappenedatTexasCity(1947),Flixborough(1974),Seveso(1976),Pemex(1984)andBhopal(1984).

Someofthesearealwaysinthemindsofthepeopleeventhoughthelossoflifewassmall.NoonediedatSeveso,andonly28workersatFlixborough.TheworstaccidentofallwasBhopal,whereupto3,000werekilled.TheTexasCityexplosionoffertilizerkilled552.

ThePemexfireatastorageplantfornaturalgasinthesuburbsofMexicoCitytook542lives,justamonthbeforetheunfortunateeventatBhopal.

Someexpertshavediscussedtheseaccidentsandusedeachaccidenttoillustrateaparticulardanger.ThustheTexasCitywascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate（硝酸銨），whichissafeunlessstoredinagreatquantity.TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.TheSevesoaccidentshowswhathappensifthelocalauthoritieslackknowledgeofthedangerontheirdoorstep.Whenthepoisonousgasdriftedoverthetown,localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction.ThePemexfirewasmadeworsebyanoverloadedsiteinanovercrowdedsuburb.Thefiresetoffachainreactionofexplodingstoragetanks.Yet,byamiracle,thetwolargesttanksdidnotexplode.Hadthesecaughtfire,then3.000strongrescueteamandfirefighterswouldallhavedied.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Chemicalaccidentsareusuallyimportantenoughtobereportedasnewsbecause（）.

3.Accordingtopassage,thechemicalaccidentthatcausedbythefaultofmanagementhappenedat（）.

4.Fromthepassageweknowthatammoniumnitrateisakindof（）.

5.Fromthediscussionamongsomeexpertswemayconcludethat（）.

問題1選項

A.Workingattheofficeissaferthanstayingathome.

B.Travellingtoworkonpublictransportissaferthanworkingattheoffice.

C.Stayingathomeissafertha