考研考博-英語-吉林師范大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林師范大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

.AnyDemocraticpresidentwilltryto_______theUnitedStatesfromthemessinIraq,yetallwouldfacerigidconstraints.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.knockout

B.distinguish

C.overture

D.extricate

【答案】D

【解析】knockout擊倒;distinguish區(qū)別,辨別;overture作動(dòng)詞意為建議;extricate使擺脫,解救。句意：任何一位民主黨總統(tǒng)都將試圖把美國(guó)從伊拉克的混亂中解救出來,但所有人都將面臨嚴(yán)格的約束。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

2.單選題

Thecomputerrevolutionmaywellchangesocietyas______asdidtheIndustrialRevolution.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fundamentally

B.comparatively

C.certainly

D.insignificantly

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fundamentally“根本地”；B選項(xiàng)comparatively“相對(duì)地”；C選項(xiàng)certainly“無疑地”；D選項(xiàng)insignificantly“無關(guān)緊要地”。句意：計(jì)算機(jī)革命很可能像工業(yè)革命一樣______改變社會(huì)。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是計(jì)算機(jī)革命和工業(yè)革命一樣對(duì)社會(huì)的影響重大，A選項(xiàng)fundamentally“根本地”符合題意。題干中提到計(jì)算機(jī)革命很可能會(huì)改變社會(huì)，C選項(xiàng)certainly“無疑地”錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

“ThissuggeststhepossibilitythatatreatmentlikethiscouldbetestedtoseeifitcoulddelaytheonsetofAlzheimer’sdisease,”saidProf.Holtzman.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spread

B.decline

C.start

D.increase

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)spread“傳播；伸展”；B選項(xiàng)decline“下降；衰退”；C選項(xiàng)start“開始；起點(diǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)increase“增加；增長(zhǎng)”。句意：霍爾茨曼教授說：“這表明，有可能對(duì)這種治療方法進(jìn)行測(cè)試，看看它能否延緩阿爾茨海默氏癥的……?！庇申P(guān)鍵信息treatment“治療”和病癥Alzheimer’sdisease“老年癡呆癥疾病”，其治療目的是為了delay“延遲”。老年癡呆癥是每個(gè)人會(huì)遇到的問題，無法避免，只能看是否通過治療延緩其開始的時(shí)間。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Perhapsmostimportant,thereportcould_______morelight,thoughitdoesgivesome,onhowchildwelfareischangingovertime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.glance

B.reckon

C.cast

D.resort

【答案】C

【解析】glance掃視,匆匆一看;reckon估計(jì),猜想;cast投,拋,計(jì)算;resort求助。castlighton使明白,使真相大白。句意：也許最重要的是,雖然報(bào)告中涉及了一些,但報(bào)告應(yīng)該讓我們明白,隨著時(shí)間的推移兒童福利正在發(fā)生怎樣的變化。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

5.單選題

Within,the（）ofgivendata,thebiographerseekstoilluminatefactualinformationaboutapersonandtransformsitintoinsight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bounds

B.archives

C.networks

D.goals

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。bound界限，限制；archive檔案文件；network網(wǎng)絡(luò)；goal目標(biāo)。句意：在給定數(shù)據(jù)的界限內(nèi)，這個(gè)傳記作家試圖解釋一個(gè)人的事實(shí)信息，然后將其轉(zhuǎn)化為洞察力。

6.翻譯題

一本好書往往珍藏著一個(gè)人所能想到的最美妙的東西，因此，好書就是一座座收藏著美好話語和崇高思想的寶庫。這些珍藏的話語和思想會(huì)隨時(shí)隨地陪伴并撫慰我們。

書中自有顏如玉，書中自有黃金屋。讀書是賞心悅目，陶冶情操；讀書是走進(jìn)先哲，聆聽教誨；讀書是體驗(yàn)鳥語，感受花香。書能引導(dǎo)我們進(jìn)入最優(yōu)秀的社會(huì)群體，將我們帶到有史以來最偉大的思想家面前。在書中我們能夠與先賢們博古爍今，能夠與文人騷客煮酒論歌，能夠從無數(shù)正反面的故事中，吸取教訓(xùn)，增長(zhǎng)見識(shí)。

開卷有益，這是自古以來人們的共識(shí)。每一個(gè)人要想在知識(shí)的山峰上登得越高，眼前展現(xiàn)的景色越壯闊，就要多讀書。讀書是開闊視野，獲取淵博知識(shí)的最佳途徑。讓我們都來讀書吧！

【答案】Agoodbookoftentreasuresupthemostwonderfulthingsofonecanthinkof,sogoodbooksaretreasurehousesofgloriouswordsandloftythoughts.Thesetreasuredwordsandthoughtswillalwaysbewithusandcomfortus.

Withinbooks,onecanfindgirlswithcomplexionslikejadeandhousesmadeofgold.Readingisafeastfortheeyesandcultivatingourtaste;Readingistowalkintotheancientsagesandtolistentotheedification;Readingistoexperiencethesoundofbirdsandthesmellofflowers.Bookscanleadusintothebestsocialgroups,tothegreatestthinkersthroughouthistory.Inthebookswecanpossessawideknowledgeofthingsancientandmodernwithancientsages;wecanappreciatepoemswithpoets;wecanlearnfrominnumerablepositiveandnegativestoriesandincreaseourknowledge.

Peoplehavelongrealizedthatreadingenrichesthemind.Ifyouwanttoclimbhigheronthemountainofknowledge,themoremagnificenttheviewyoucansee,youmustreadmore.Readingisthebestwaytobroadenourhorizonandacquireprofoundknowledge.Let’sallread!

7.翻譯題

加拿大移民條例雖不把英籍香港華人與其他英國(guó)殖民地人民一視同仁，然加拿大比美國(guó)較為關(guān)心香港移民卻是千真萬確的事。1962年，加拿大方面鑒于香港難民眾多，在各方呼吁下，自動(dòng)提出愿意接受香港方面100個(gè)家庭單位來加。多倫多《明星報(bào)》（TorontoStar）在3月23日的社論中還譏諷其為一種姿態(tài)罷了。其實(shí)，移民局早已著手調(diào)查，尋找符合條件并愿意赴加的家庭。還有一些組織和機(jī)構(gòu)，如“教會(huì)聯(lián)合總會(huì)”（GeneralCounciloftheUnitedChurch）于9月開會(huì)時(shí)曾大聲疾呼加拿大應(yīng)該容納香港難民10000名。11月21日第一批來自香港的家庭抵加，至年底計(jì)有62個(gè)家庭單位，合共人數(shù)139名由港抵加。11月16日，貝爾宣布調(diào)查中國(guó)移民舞弊案結(jié)束。移民局長(zhǎng)表示那些在加華人如愿歸化入籍，手續(xù)將加以簡(jiǎn)化。反對(duì)黨派、輿論界、加拿大華人團(tuán)體一致?lián)碜o(hù)移民局的這項(xiàng)宣布。

【答案】ItistruethatCanadaismoreconcernedaboutHongKongimmigrationthantheUnitedStates,althoughCanada’simmigrationlawsdonottreatBritishHongKongChineseasequalstootherBritishcolonists.In1962,inviewofthelargenumberofrefugeesinHongKong,Canadavoluntarilyofferedtoaccept100familyunitsfromHongKongundertheappealofallparties,whichhasbeensatirizedasapracticeofformalismbyTorontoStar’sEditorialonMarch23th.ButthetruthistheImmigrationAuthorityhasalreadyundertakinginvestigation,lookingforqualifiedfamilieswhoarewillingtoCanada.Otherinstitutionsandorganization,suchastheGeneralCounciloftheUnitedChurch,haveclamoredinmeetingCanadashouldaccept10000HongKongrefugeesGeneralCounciloftheUnitedChurchinSeptember.OnNovember21th,thefirstbatchoffamilyfromHongKongarrivedinCanada.Anestimated62familyunitfromHongKong,totalnumberof139followingtillthisyearend.OnNovember16,BaerannouncedtheendofChineseImmigrationFraudinvestigation.TheimmigrationministersaystheprocesswillbesimplifiedforthoseChineseinCanadawhowanttobecomenaturalized.Oppositionparties,opinionmakersandtheChineseCanadiancommunityallsupportedtheannouncement.

8.單選題

Thefreshmantookawhileto（

）himselfthenewenvironmentoftheuniversity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.familiarize

B.modify

C.orient

D.alter

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。orient...to…“使……適應(yīng)……”。句意：大學(xué)新生花了一段時(shí)間使自己適應(yīng)大學(xué)的新環(huán)境。根據(jù)句意，C為正確答案。

9.翻譯題

IntheeyesofChinese,whatisimportantabouteating,especiallyatfestivals,istoatinawarmatmosphere.

【答案】在中國(guó)人看來，吃飯最重要的是在一個(gè)溫暖的氣氛中，尤其是在節(jié)日里。

10.翻譯題

Directions:Forthispart,youaretotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.

中國(guó)的創(chuàng)新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃發(fā)展。為了在科學(xué)技術(shù)上盡快趕超世界發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，中國(guó)近年來大幅度增加了研究開發(fā)資金。中國(guó)的大學(xué)和研究所正在積極開展創(chuàng)新研究，這些研究覆蓋了從大數(shù)據(jù)到生物化學(xué)，從新能源到機(jī)器人等各類高科技領(lǐng)域。他們還與各地的科技園合作，使創(chuàng)新成果商業(yè)化。與此同時(shí)，無論在產(chǎn)品還是商業(yè)模式上，中國(guó)企業(yè)家也在努力爭(zhēng)做創(chuàng)新的先鋒，以適應(yīng)國(guó)內(nèi)外消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)不斷變化和增長(zhǎng)的需求。

【答案】InnovationinChinaisboomingatanunprecedentedrate.Inordertocatchupwiththedevelopedcountriesinscienceandtechnologyassoonaspossible,Chinahasgreatlyincreaseditsresearchanddevelopmentfundinrecentyears.Theyarealsoworkingwithscienceandtechnologyparksaroundthecountrytocommercializetheirinnovations.Atthesametime,whetherinproductsorbusinessmodels,Chineseentrepreneursarestrivingtobepioneersininnovationtoadapttotheever-changingandgrowingneedsofdomesticandforeignconsumermarkets.

11.單選題

Doctorsbelievethatsecondhandsmokemaycauselungcancerinpeoplewhodonotsmoke.Nonsmokersoftenbreatheinthesmokefromotherpeople'scigarettes.Thisissecondhandsmoke.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke.

Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals.Inthepast,scientistsdidnotthinkthatthesechemicalsharmanonsmoker'shealth.Recently,though,scientistsexpressedtheiropinionaftertheystudiedalargegroupofnonsmokers.Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies.Asamatteroffact,almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot.Forexample,wecannotavoidsecondhandsmokeinrestaurants,hotels,andotherpublicplaces.Eventhoughmanypublicplaceshavenonsmokingareas,smokeflowsinfromtheareaswheresmokingispermitted.

Itisevenharderforchildrentoavoidsecondhandsmoke.InAmerica,ninemillionchildrenundertheageoffiveliveinhomeswithatleastonesmoker.Researchshowsthatthesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes.Thedamagingeffectsofsecondhandsmokeonchildrenalsocontinueastheygrowup.Thechildrenofsmokersaremorethantwiceaslikelytodeveloplungcancerwhentheyareadultsasthechildrenofnonsmokers.Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke.

1.Itcanbeinferredthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmerican（

）.

2.Non-smokersgetharmedbysmokers

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotlistedasanegativeeffectimposedbysecondhandsmokingonchildren?

5.Whichgroupofchildrensufferfromsecondhandsmokingtothegreatestextent?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.becauseofsmoking

B.thoughtheydon'tsmoke

C.becausetheirparentssmoke

D.thoughtheirparentsdon'tsmoke

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.becauseofthepoisonoussmoketheybreathein

B.iftheylivetogether

C.whenthereisnonon-smokingareainthepublicutilities

D.thoughthepoisonouschemicalscontainedinthesmokedon'tharmthem

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Non-smokersmaybepassivelyinvolvedinsecondhandsmoking.

B.Somenon-smokersmaydieoflungcancerbecauseofsecondhandsmoking.

C.Weall,moreorless,sufferfromsecondhandsmoking.

D.Secondhandsmokingisevenmoreharmfulthansmokingitself.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyaremorelikelytobesick.

B.Theyaremorelikelytodevelopmentaldisease.

C.Theytendtohavethebadaffectastheygrowup.

D.Theyaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancer.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithnosmokers.

B.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithoneparentsmoking.

C.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithtwoparentssmoking.

D.Childrenundertheageoffivelivingawayfromtheirparents.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干要求推斷美國(guó)53,000人死亡的原因。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞fifty-threethousand定位到文章第一段最后一句可知，這些人的死因是由于exposuretosecondhandsmoke，即“暴露于二手煙中”，由此可以推斷死亡者本人不抽煙，故B項(xiàng)“盡管他們不吸煙”正確。而A項(xiàng)“由于吸煙”和C項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兊母改肝鼰煛泵黠@錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“盡管他們的父母不抽煙”屬于過度推斷。因此本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干Non-smokers可定位到原文第二段第四句，再根據(jù)下一句...almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot可知，不管我們有沒有意識(shí)到，我們幾乎都吸入煙草的煙，所以非吸煙者身體受損的原因是“因?yàn)樗麄兾胗卸镜臒煛保蔄項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)原文沒有提及，C選項(xiàng)與第二段最后一句不符，故排除；D選項(xiàng)根據(jù)第二段第三句“甚至非吸煙者身體內(nèi)有過量的這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)”可以排除。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干要求找出錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)“非吸煙者也許會(huì)被動(dòng)吸入二手煙”，根據(jù)常識(shí)可判斷正確；根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知非吸煙者可能死于二手煙，所以B選項(xiàng)“有些非吸煙者可能因?yàn)槲譄煻烙诜伟闭_；根據(jù)第二段almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot可知，C選項(xiàng)“我們都多多少少遭受二手煙的痛苦”正確；D選項(xiàng)“二手煙比抽煙本身傷害更大”在原文中并未提及，屬于無中生有。因此本題答案為D項(xiàng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干要求判斷四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中哪一個(gè)不是二手煙對(duì)孩子的消極影響。根據(jù)題干定位至原文最后一段。由thesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes可知，這些孩子比家里沒有人吸煙的更容易生病，故A選項(xiàng)正確，可排除；B選項(xiàng)“他們更可能患心理疾病”在原文中并未提及。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第三句可知，C選項(xiàng)“孩子們長(zhǎng)大了也會(huì)受二手煙的影響”正確，可排除。根據(jù)原文最后一句“父母吸煙的孩子長(zhǎng)大后患肺癌的概率是父母不吸煙的孩子的兩倍多”可知，D選項(xiàng)“一些非吸煙者可能由于二手煙死于肺癌”正確，可排除。故本題正確答案為B。

5.推理判斷題。題干要求判斷以下那種孩子受二手煙的傷害最大。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞children定位至最后一段可知，“父母都抽煙的孩子患肺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高”。A選項(xiàng)為“5歲以下生活在無人抽煙的家庭的孩子”；B選項(xiàng)為“5歲以下生活在父親或母親一方抽煙的家庭的孩子”；C選項(xiàng)為“5歲以下生活在父母都抽煙的家庭的孩子”；D選項(xiàng)“5歲以下不和父母一起生活的孩子”。因此，本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

Thereisno（）tothehousefromthemainroad.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.access

B.avenue

C.exposure

D.edge

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。access“通道，機(jī)會(huì)”；avenue“林蔭大道，方法”；exposure“暴露”；edge“邊緣”。句意：沒有通道從主路通往那個(gè)房子。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.填空題

I’msurprisedthatshehasagreedtomarryJohn.Iknewthathe（1）goingtopropose,butI（2）hertosayno.I（3）whatledhertoaccepthisoffer.She’scertainlynotinlovewithhim!

【答案】1.was

2.considered

3.wonder

【解析】1.固定搭配。begoingtodo打算做…,前面的謂語動(dòng)詞knew用的過去式,因此這里也用過去式was。

2.固定搭配。

considersb.todosth.認(rèn)為某人會(huì)…。

3.語義題。句意:我在想是什么讓她決定接受他的求婚的。

14.單選題

Facebookandmobilephonesmeanthatmanyfeeltheycanneverhavetimeofffromplaygroundgossip.Parentstoldmehowtheirdaughtersworriedabouttheirbodyimagefromasyounganageasseven.Forparentsofmygeneration,contemplatinghowourchildrenarefearing,andwhetherwearegivingthemwhattheytrulyneed,isnotaneasythingtodo.Ihavetwosonsagedsevenandfour,myhusbandandIbothworkfull-time.Thereistheinevitablepushandpulloftimetables,anxietyabouthavingenoughtimewiththeboys,andparticularlyaboutwhetherwe'reequippingthemtocopewiththeacademicandsocialpressuresthatlieahead.

Whenwepolledmorethan1,000parentswhousethewebsiteMumsnet,theresultsrevealedwidespreadconcernamongparentsaboutpressureschildrenfacetoday.Twothirds(64percent)saidthereistoomuchtestinginschools,78percentsaidchildrendon'tgettoplayoutdoorsenoughontheirown,andthreequarters(75percent)feltthatlongworkinghoursmadeitdifficulttospendenoughtimewiththeirfamily.Thestatisticsalsopointtoadramaticriseinthelevelofchildhooddepressionoverthecourseofageneration.

Threeyearsago,Britainrankedbottomoutof21countriesinaUNsurveyofchildren'swellbeingintheworld.Oneinfouroftheparentswequestionedsaidtheybelievedtheirkidsarelesshappythantheywereatthesameage.Aworryingconsequenceofallofthisisthedramaticriseinmentalhealthproblemsintheyoung,upbyashocking70percentsincethe1970s.Oneintenofourteenagechildrennowhasadiagnosablementalhealthcondition.

ImetAnnabelleDavies,a19-year-oldwhohadbeenanoutgoing,academicallygiftedyoungschoolgirl.Aftershemissedafewweeksofschoolaged15duetoavirus,shefellbehindwithherschoolwork,andfoundshecouldnolongercope.Thedepressionthatsetinwaspunctuatedbysuicideattemptsandperiodsinacutepsychiatricunits.Atherlowestpoints,herexhaustedparentscouldn'triskleavingheralone.Annabellehassufferedseveredepressionfornearlyfiveyears,isnowpainfullythinandexistsonheavymedication.Wesatandchattedonhermum’ssofa,‘Ifeltpressuredtobedoingwellinmyexams,togetgoodgrades,togoontouniversity-andwasscaredIwasgoingtoletpeopledown,thatIwasgoingtofail.Ifeltphysicallysick.Icouldn'tstopcrying.IfeltthatwhateverIdidwouldn'tbeenough.Andyouhateyourselfbecauseyou'reweak”

OneoftheexpertsIspoketo,TimGill,achildhoodplayconsultant,believesthatcontemporarypressures,combinedwiththewaywenowraiseandeducateourchildren,isleavingmanyunabletocope.Forhim,it’stimetogobacktobasics-freedomtoplay,toexploreandtomakemistakes:"Ithinkbacktomyownchildhood,whenmygenerationroamedfarandwide.Buttoday'schildrenarenotfree-ranged-they'rebattery-reared."

Happily,therearesignsthatsomeparents,schoolsandevenpoliticiansarenowstartingtowiseup.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromtheauthor’sfamilythat（

）.

2.Howmanyparentshavelimitedtimewiththeirchildrenaccordingtothepoll?

3.Accordingtothepassage,TimGillholdstheideathat

（

）.

4.Howdoestheauthorthinkaboutthechildhooddepressionbynow?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sonscausemuchpressuretoparentsthandaughters

B.oneoftheparentsshouldleaveworkfortheirchild

C.socialpressureisgoodforchildren’sfuturedevelopment

D.it’shardtomakechildrenequippedtovariouspressures

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Two-thirds.

B.Seventy-eightpercent.

C.Threequarters.

D.Morethanonethousand.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.peopleshouldeducatetheirchildrenbythemselves

B.socialpressureisgoodforchildrentobecomemature

C.today'schildrenbearmorestudyburdenthanbefore

D.childrenneedmorestimulusfromschoolsandsociety

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.It’soptimistictoseesomechangesonthisproblem.

B.Sheistotallydepressedbythepolitician'sefforts.

C.Mostschoolsbegintodoabetterjobthanbefore.

D.Itsreflectionoftheparents’childhoodfailure.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句‘Thereistheinevitablepushandpulloftimetables,anxietyabouthavingenoughtimewiththeboys,andparticularlyaboutwhetherwe'reequippingthemtocopewiththeacademicandsocialpressuresthatlieahead.時(shí)間安排不可避免地會(huì)帶來壓力，孩子們會(huì)因?yàn)橛凶銐虻臅r(shí)間而焦慮，尤其是我們是否準(zhǔn)備好讓他們應(yīng)付未來的學(xué)業(yè)和社會(huì)壓力?！_定D選項(xiàng)‘要使孩子們適應(yīng)各種壓力是很困難的’符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第二段第二句話‘threequarters(75percent)feltthatlongworkinghoursmadeitdifficulttospendenoughtimewiththeirfamily.四分之三(75%)的人認(rèn)為長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的工作讓他們很難有足夠的時(shí)間和家人在一起?！_定C選項(xiàng)‘四分之三’符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段確定TimGill的觀點(diǎn)是當(dāng)今的孩子們的壓力比之前的大得多，所以C選項(xiàng)符合題意，正確。

4.根據(jù)文章最后一句‘Happily,therearesignsthatsomeparents,schoolsandevenpoliticiansarenowstartingtowiseup.高興地是，已經(jīng)有兆頭顯示有一些父母和學(xué)校甚至政治家已經(jīng)意識(shí)到這個(gè)問題‘確定A選項(xiàng)‘在這個(gè)問題上看到一些變化是樂觀的’正確。

15.單選題

Thelanguagebarriermadecommunicationdifficult,butfinally，partofmymes-

sage（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.passedaway

B.wentover

C.cameup

D.gotthrough

【答案】D

【解析】短語辨析。passedaway去世；wentover重溫，仔細(xì)檢查；cameup發(fā)生，接近；gotthrough使理解，向講清楚。句意：語言障礙使溝通很困難，但我的一部分想法最終還是被（）了。因此D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

16.單選題

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).

Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongascleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsscientistscontinuetoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.

Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable;hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestsaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.

Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes---forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse,suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.

Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveriesofonebitofinformationopenthedoortothediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago;however,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.

1.Todefinesciencewemaysimplycallit（）.

2.Purescience,leadingtotheconstructionofamicroscope（）.

3.Ascientistinterestedinaddingtoourgeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallhisapproach（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorimply?

5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thestudyofunrelatedsubjects

B.anattempttoexplainnaturalphenomena

C.thestudyofunrelatedfields

D.classifiedknowledge

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.mayleadtoantiscientific,“impure”results

B.necessarilyprecedesappliedscience,leadingtothediscoveryofacell

C.isnotalwaysaspureaswesuppose

D.necessarilyresultsfromappliedscienceandthediscoveryofacell

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.appliedscience

B.agriculturescience

C.purescience

D.environmentalscience

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Scientistsoftheoreticalresearcharenotblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries.

B.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionsofthemeaningofscience.

C.Inscience,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.

D.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheNatureofScienceandScientists

B.BiologyandtheScientificAge

C.HypothesesandTheories

D.OnDistinguishingFactfromFiction

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段最后一句指出:Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts)(為了盡可能簡(jiǎn)化該定義，假設(shè)科學(xué)被定義為分類知識(shí)（事實(shí)）)。因此D項(xiàng)“分類知識(shí)”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theconstructionofamicroscope定位至最后一段:Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago;however,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell(有些發(fā)現(xiàn)似乎如此簡(jiǎn)單，以至于人們驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們?cè)诙嗄昵皼]有被發(fā)現(xiàn)；然而，人們應(yīng)該記住，顯微鏡的構(gòu)造必須先于細(xì)胞的發(fā)現(xiàn))。由此可知，B項(xiàng)“一定先于導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)的應(yīng)用科學(xué)”正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes---forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse,suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience(一種是為了滿足好奇心，被稱為純科學(xué)。另一個(gè)是為了將知識(shí)用于特定目的，例如改善健康、提高生活水平或創(chuàng)造新的消費(fèi)品。在這種情況下，知識(shí)被用于經(jīng)濟(jì)用途，這種方法被稱為應(yīng)用科學(xué))，因此C項(xiàng)“純科學(xué)”正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。A:做理論研究的科學(xué)家不必為忽視其發(fā)現(xiàn)的應(yīng)用方面而受到指責(zé)。最后一段最后一句指出:Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries(許多致力于純科學(xué)的科學(xué)家并不為忽視他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的實(shí)際一面而感到抱歉)，由此可知A項(xiàng)正確。B:現(xiàn)在很少有人對(duì)科學(xué)的含義有任何概念。第一段第一句指出:Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning(科學(xué)這個(gè)詞在現(xiàn)代是經(jīng)常聽到的，幾乎每個(gè)人都對(duì)它的含義有一些概念)，由此可知B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C:在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，不難辨別虛實(shí)。第二段第一句指出:Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy(即使在真正的科學(xué)中，區(qū)分事實(shí)和虛構(gòu)并不總是容易的)，因此C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D:有實(shí)踐頭腦的人能理解純科學(xué)的定義和目標(biāo)。第五段第一句指出:Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards(有時(shí)，有實(shí)踐頭腦的人忽視了純科學(xué)的意義，而只考慮即時(shí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào))，由此可知D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章第一段至第四段探討科學(xué)的本質(zhì)，最后一段探討科學(xué)家的本質(zhì)，因此A項(xiàng)“科學(xué)和科學(xué)家的本質(zhì)”最適合做文章標(biāo)題。

17.單選題

Recently,CongressionalDemocratsintroducedlegislationtomakeiteasierforolderworkerstowinagediscriminationlawsuits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Inrecenttenyears,15.79percentofcasesbroughttotheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission,weredescribedatsuccessfulclaims.WhilethisnumberissmallgiventhenumberofworkerscoveredbytheAgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,many,ifnotmost,instancesofagediscriminationareneversued,andcasesofhiringdiscriminationoftengoundetected.

Mostofthosewhodosuearewhite,malemiddle-mangerswhoarelikelytohavelostasizeablesalaryandpension.Forthemostpart,othergroupsdonotsuebecausethecostsofalawsuitoutweighthepotentialbenefits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Thereisstrongexperimentalevidenceforagediscriminationinhiringatleastforentryleveljobs.Recently,IperformedalabormarketexperimentinBostoninwhichIsentoutthousandsofresumesforfictitious(虛構(gòu)的)entrylevelfemalecandidatesandmeasuredresponseratebasedondateofhighschoolgraduation.Amongthisgroup,youngerapplicants,whosedateofhighschoolgraduationindicatedthattheywerelessthan50yearsold,were40percentmoreliketobecalledbackforaninterviewthanwereolderapplicants.

Itisdifficulttotellwhetheremploymentproblemsareworseforolderworkerthatforotherworkerswhentimesarebad.Thenumberofdiscriminationlawsuitsincreasesduringtimesofhighunemployment,butthisfindingbyitselfdoesnotindicateanincreasedlevelofagediscrimination.Intimesofhigherunemployment,theopportunitycosttoalawsuitislowerthanitiswhentimesaregood.

Fromtheemployer’sperspective,masslayoffsmayseemlikeagoodchancetoremoveahigherproportionofgenerallymoreexpensiveolderworkerswithouttheworryofbeingsued.Ontheotherhand,employersmaybelesslikelytoremoveprotectedolderworkersbecausetheystillfearlawsuits.Onethingwedoknowisthatonceanolderworkerlosesajob,heorsheismuchlesslikelytofindanewjobthanayoungerworkeris.

Unfortunately,theeffectoflegislationprohibitingagediscriminationisnoteasytoseeandmayactuallybepartofthereasonitissodifficultforolderworkerstofindemployment.Ifitismoredifficulttofireanolderworkerthanayoungerworker,afirmwillbelesslikelytowanttohireolderworkers.Indeed,myresearchfindsthatinstateswhereworkershavelongertimetobringalawsuitclaim,oldermenworkfewerweeksperyear,arelesslikelytobehired,andlesslikelytobefiredthanmeninstateswheretheydonothaveasmuch.

NotmanypeoplewouldsuggestthatwegobacktoaworldpriortotheAgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,inwhichadvertisementsspecifythespecificagesofpeopletheyarewillingtohire.However,legislationprohibitingdiscriminationisnopanaceas(萬靈藥).Therecentlyproposedcongressionallegislationcouldhavebothpositiveandnegativeeffectsonpotentialolderworkers.

41.Alotofcasesofagediscriminationarenotknownbecause（）.

42.ThelabormarketexperimentinBostonshowsthat（）.

43.Whatmayleadtotheincreaseofdiscriminationlawsuitsduringtimesofhighunemployment?

44.Fromthelastparagraph,welearnthat（）.

45.Theauthoris（）whenheanalyzestheagediscriminationissue.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.agediscriminationlawwasjustintroducedrecently

B.otherdiscriminatedgroupsdon’tsueexceptthewhites

C.agediscriminationcasesareinlargequantityanditisdifficulttodetectallofthem

D.benefitsfromwinningalawsuitmaynotbeenoughtocovertheexpenses

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.youngermaleapplicantsaremorelikelytobehiredthantheirfemalecounterparts

B.agediscriminationisquitecommoninthehiringprocess

C.theauthorcollectedinformationbyinterviewingfemaleapplicants

D.femaleapplicantswhoare50yearsoldwillneverhaveachancetogetajob

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theincreaseofagediscrimination.

B.Thedecreaseofagediscrimination.

C.Thedecreaseofopportunitycosttolawsuits.

D.Theincreaseofopportunitycosttolawsuits.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.employerscouldspecifytheagesofpeopletheywanttohireinthepast

B.allemployersrecruitedworkersthroughadvertisementsinthepast

C.legislationprohibitingdiscriminationcan’tfreeoldworkersfromagediscrimination

D.therecentlyproposedcongressionallegislationissue

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.pessimistic

B.partial

C.objective

D.doubtful

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】41.推理判斷題。定位在第二段的最后一句casesofhiringdiscriminationoftengoundetected.（許多年齡歧視沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)）說出了事實(shí)，接下來第三段開始說明原因。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句Forthemostpart,othergroupsdonotsuebecausethecostsofalawsuitoutweighthepotentialbenefits.（其他群體不提出訴訟主要是因?yàn)樵V訟費(fèi)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過潛在的利益。）由此可知，許多年齡歧視的案例未被發(fā)現(xiàn)主要是因?yàn)樘岢鲈V訟的價(jià)格高，而給本人帶來的利益也有限。因此D選項(xiàng)“打贏官司的好處可能不足以支付費(fèi)用”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“年齡歧視法是最近才出臺(tái)的”，B選項(xiàng)“除白人外，其他受歧視的群體不起訴”根據(jù)原文Mostofthosewho