考研考博-英語-和田師范?？茖W(xué)校考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-和田師范?？茖W(xué)?？荚囇侯}三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Manytouristswere（）bythecity'scomplicatedtrafficsystem.

問題1選項

A.degraded

B.bewildered

C.evoked

D.diverted

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的過去分詞形式。A選項degrade“貶低；使丟臉；使降級”；B選項bewilder“使迷惑，使不知所措”；C選項evoke“引起，喚起；博得”；D選項divert“轉(zhuǎn)移；使歡娛；使轉(zhuǎn)向”。句意：這個城市的復(fù)雜交通系統(tǒng)讓很多游客感到迷惑。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“復(fù)雜的交通系統(tǒng)”可知B項正確。

2.單選題

OurfootballteamisnowcontendingwithonefromtheUniversityofBritishColumbia.

問題1選項

A.meeting

B.contesting

C.conceding

D.contemplating

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的足球隊正在和英國哥倫比亞大學(xué)的球隊……。meet“滿足，遇見”；contest“比賽，競賽”；concede“承認(rèn)，讓步”；contemplate“考慮，沉思”。根據(jù)“ourfootballteam”可知是在進(jìn)行比賽，contend的意思是“競爭；斗爭”。因此，選項B符合題意。

3.翻譯題

Whichwouldyouchoose:anonlinecoursedeliveredbyoneoftheworld’smostknowledgeableinstructors,supportedbyawardwinningdocumentaryfilmmakersandateamofgraduateteachingassistants,orthesamecoursetaughtinpersonbyanaverageinstructor?Differentstudentswouldofcoursechoosedifferently.Butthereisamplereasontobelievethatexperiencewiththefirstoptionwouldeventuallyleadasubstantialproportionofstudentstopreferit,eveniftheywerechargedthesameamountforeitherapproach.Butbecauseofeconomiesofscale,theremoteoptionwouldenjoyasubstantialcostadvantage.AsPhilipCookwroteinhis1995book,“TheWinner-Take-AllSociety,”thesearepreciselytheconditionsthatgiverisetowinner-take-allmarkets.Astechnologyhasexpandedthereachofthemostableperformers,theyhavebeencapturingeverlargersharesofworldwidemarketsacrossahostofdomains.

【答案】你會選擇哪一種課程：是由世界上最有知識的導(dǎo)師之一講授，由獲獎紀(jì)錄片制片人和研究生助教團(tuán)隊支持的在線課程，還是由一名普通教師親自教授的課程？不同的學(xué)生當(dāng)然會做出不同的選擇。但我們有充足的理由相信，第一種選擇的經(jīng)驗最終會讓相當(dāng)一部分學(xué)生更喜歡它，即使這兩種方式收取的費用相同。但由于規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)，遠(yuǎn)程選項將享有巨大的成本優(yōu)勢。正如菲利普?庫克在他1995年的著作《贏者通吃的社會》中所寫的那樣，正是這些條件催生了贏者通吃的市場。隨著科技擴(kuò)大了最有能力的執(zhí)行者的范圍，他們在許多領(lǐng)域的全球市場中占據(jù)了越來越大的份額。

4.單選題

AlthoughIspoketohimmanytimes,henevertookany（

）ofwhatIsaid.

問題1選項

A.notice

B.remark

C.observation

D.attention

【答案】A

【解析】takenoticeof為固定短語，意為：注意到，留意。句意：雖然我跟他說過很多次，但他從來沒有注意到我說的話。選項A符合句意。

5.單選題

Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences,aftertheirfirstrapiddevelopmentattheculminationofGreekcivilization,advancedsoslowlyfortwothousandyearsandwhyinthefollowingtwohundredyearsaknowledgeofnaturalandmathematicalsciencehasaccumulated,whichsovastlyexceedsallthatwaspreviouslyknownthatthesesciencesmaybejustlyregardedastheproductsofourowntimes—arequestionwhichhaveinterestedthemodemphilosophernotlessthantheobjectswithwhichthesesciencesaremoreimmediatelyconversant.Wasittheemploymentofanewmethodofresearch,orintheexerciseofgreatervirtueintheuseoftheoldmethods,thatthissingularmodemphenomenonhaditsorigin?Wasthelongperiodoneofarresteddevelopment,andisthemodemeraoneofnormalgrowth?Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents—totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?

Theexplanationwhichhasbecomecommonplace,thattheancientsemployeddeductionchieflyintheirscientificinquiries,whilethemodemsemployinduction,provestobetoonarrow,andfailsuponcloseexaminationtopointwithsufficientdistinctnessthecontrastthatisevidentbetweenancientandmodemscientificdoctrinesandinquiries.Forallknowledgeisfoundedonobservation,andproceedsfromthisbyanalysis,bysynthesisandanalysis,byinductionanddeduction,andifpossiblebyverification,orbynewappealstoobservationundertheguidanceofdeduction—bystepswhichareindeedcorrelativepartsofonemethod;andtheancientsciencesaffordexamplesofeveryoneofthesemethods,orpartsofonemethod,whichhavebeengeneralizedfromtheexamplesofscience.

Afailuretoemployortoemployadequatelyanyoneofthesepartialmethods,animperfectionintheartsandresourcesofobservationandexperiment,carelessnessinobservation,neglectofrelevantfacts,byappealtoexperimentandobservationthesearethefaultswhichcauseallfailurestoascertaintruth,whetheramongtheancientsorthemodems;butthisstatementdoesnotexplainwhythemodemispossessedofagreatervirtue,andbywhatmeansheattainedhissuperiority.Muchlessdoesexplainthesuddengrowthofscienceinrecenttimes.

Theattempttodiscovertheexplanationofthisphenomenonintheantithesisof“facts”and“theories”or“facts”and“ideas”—intheneglectamongtheancientsoftheformer,andtheirtooexclusiveattentiontothelatter—provesalsotobetoonarrow,aswellasopentothechargeofvagueness.Forinthefirstplace,theantithesisisnotcomplete.Factsandtheoriesarenotcoordinatespecies.Theories,iftrue,arefacts—aparticular,classoffactsindeed,generallycomplex,andifalogicalconnectionsubsistsbetweentheirconstituents,haveallthepositiveattributesoftheories.

Nevertheless,thisdistinction,howeverinadequateitmaybetoexplainthesourceoftruemethodinscience,iswellfounded,andconnotesanimportantcharacterintruemethod.Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,ariddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.

1.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,onepossiblereasonforthegrowthofscienceduringthedaysoftheancientGreeksandinmodemtimesis

（

）.

3.Thedifferencebetween“fact”andtheory”

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,mathematicsis（

）.

問題1選項

A.Philosophyofmathematics

B.TheRecentGrowthinScience

C.TheVerificationofFacts

D.MethodsofScientificInquiry

問題2選項

A.thesimilaritybetweenthetwoperiods

B.thatitwasanactofGod

C.thatbothtriedtodeveloptheinductivemethod

D.duetothedeclineofthedeductivemethod

問題3選項

A.isthatthelatterneedsconfirmation

B.restsonthesimplicityoftheformer

C.isthedifferencebetweenthemodemscientistsandtheancientGreeks

D.helpsustounderstandthedeductivemethod

問題4選項

A.aninductivescience

B.nneedofsimpleverification

C.adeductivescience

D.basedonfactandtheory.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要是在對為什么從希臘文化頂峰時期后兩千年來歸納法和數(shù)學(xué)科學(xué)發(fā)展如此緩慢，而后的兩百年又超越了前人這一問題進(jìn)行科學(xué)探究，所以D選項“科學(xué)探究的方法”適合做文章標(biāo)題。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents—totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?’’或去我們是否點當(dāng)把兩個階段的特點歸因于所謂的歷史的偶然性歸因于客觀環(huán)境結(jié)合的影響。這一點除非以指導(dǎo)一切的上帝的智慧和無限權(quán)利來解釋，否則難以說清楚?！贝_定B選項‘這是上帝的行為’正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章最后三句“Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,ariddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.”“事實是一個提議。而理論，若是真理論，就有事實的一切特性（除非其證實只能通過非直接的，遙遠(yuǎn)的和困難的方式實現(xiàn)），把理論轉(zhuǎn)成事實必須用簡單的證實，理論因此具有事實的一切特性?！贝_定A選項“后者需要證實”是事實和理論之間的區(qū)別。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一句話“Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences...”可以推斷出數(shù)學(xué)不是inductivescience，排除A選項；根據(jù)上一題可知需要簡單證實的是理論，排除B選項；D選項“數(shù)學(xué)基于理論和事實”這一觀點沒有在文章中體現(xiàn)，排除；所以通過排除法得出C選項正確。

6.單選題

Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicssomehowencourages（）patriotism.

問題1選項

A.obsolete

B.aggressive

C.harmonious

D.amiable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。obsolete“陳舊的，過時的”；aggressive“侵略性的；好斗的；激進(jìn)的”；harmonious“和諧的”；amiable“親切的；友好的”，此處應(yīng)該選擇一個形容詞來修飾“愛國主義”，這種愛國主義與國際體育中倡導(dǎo)的國家之間的友誼是相對的，故此處最恰當(dāng)?shù)男稳菰~是aggressive。句意：國際體育應(yīng)該增進(jìn)兩國之間的友誼，但是目前的奧林匹克組織在某種程度上倡導(dǎo)……愛國主義。故正確答案為選項B。

7.單選題

Imadeapledgetomyselfonthewaydowntothevacationbeachcottage.FortwoweeksIwouldtrytobealovinghusbandandfather.Totallyloving.Noifs,andsorbuts.

TheideahadcometomeasIlistenedtoatalkonmycarradio.ThespeakerwasquotingaBiblical(圣經(jīng)的)passageabouthusbandsbeingthoughtfuloftheirwives.Thenhewentontosay,“Loveisanactofwill.Apersoncanchoosetolove.”Tomyself,IhadtoadmitthatIhadbeenaselfishhusband.Well,fortwoweeksthatwouldchange.

Anditdid.RightfromthemomentIkissedEvelynatthedoorandsaid,“Thatnewyellowsweaterlooksgreatonyou.”

“Oh,Tom,younoticed,”shesaid,surprisedandpleased.Maybealittlepuzzled.

Afterthelongdrive,Iwantedtositandread.Evelynsuggestedawalkonthebeach.Istartedtorefuse,butthenIthought,“Evelyn’sbeenaloneherewiththekidsallweekandnowshewantstobealonewithme.”Wewalkedonthebeachwhilethechildrenflewtheirkites.

Soitwent.TwoweeksofnotcallingtheWallStreetfirmwhereIamadirector;avisittotheshellmuseumthoughIusuallyhatemuseums.Relaxedandhappy,that’showthewholevacationpassed.Imadeanewpledgetokeeponrememberingtochooselove.

Therewasonethingthatwentwrongwithmyexperiment,however.EvelynandIstilllaughaboutittoday.Onthelastnightatourcottage,preparingforbed,Evelynstaredatmewiththesaddestexpression.

“What’sthematter?”Iaskedher.

“Tom,”shesaidinavoicefilledwithdistress,“doyouknowsomethingIdon’t?”

“Whatdoyoumean?”

“Well…thatcheckup(體檢)Ihadseveralweeksago…ourdoctor…didhetellyousomethingaboutme?Tom,you’vebeensogoodtome…amIdying?”

Ittookamomentforitalltosinkin.thenIburstoutlaughing.

“No,honey,”Isaid,wrappingherinmyarms.“You’renotdying;I’mjuststartingtolive.”

1.Inthefirstparagraph,“Noifs,andsorbuts”probablymeans“______”.

2.FromthestorywemayinferthatTomdrovetothebeachcottage______.

3.Duringthetwoweeksonthebeach,Tomshowedmorelovetohiswifebecause______.

4.Theauthorsays,“Therewasonethingthatwentwrongwithmyexperiment.”Whatwastheonethingthatwentwrong?

5.Bysaying“I’mjuststartingtolive,”Tommeansthat______.

問題1選項

A.unintentionally

B.inevitably

C.impressively

D.unconditionally

問題2選項

A.withhisfamily

B.withEvelyn

C.alone

D.withhischildren

問題3選項

A.shelookedlovelyinhernewclothes

B.hehadmadealotofmoneyinhisWallStreetfirm

C.hewasdeterminedtobeagoodhusband

D.shewasseriouslyill

問題4選項

A.Hepraisedhersweater,whichpuzzledher.

B.Sheinsistedonvisitingamuseum,whichhehated.

C.Heknewsomethingaboutherillnessbutdidn’ttellher.

D.Hewassogoodtoherthatshethoughtshemustbedying.

問題5選項

A.heisjustbeginningtounderstandtherealmeaningoflife

B.heisjustbeginningtoenjoylifeasalovinghusband

C.helivedanunhappylifebeforeandisnowstartingtochange

D.heisbeginningtofeelregretforwhathedidtohiswifebefore

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.語義推測題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段最后兩句Totallyloving.Noifs,andsorbuts.（完全的愛。沒有“如果”，“和”跟“但是”。），“if”，“and”，“but”都是表示條件的連詞，說明是指無條件的愛。因此D選項“無條件地”正確。A選項“無意地”，B選項“不可避免地”，C選項“令人印象深刻地”均不符合題意，所以A,B,C錯誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段前三句Afterthelongdrive,Iwantedtositandread.Evelynsuggestedawalkonthebeach.Istartedtorefuse,butthenIthought,“Evelyn’sbeenaloneherewiththekidsallweekandnowshewantstobealonewithme.”（經(jīng)過漫長的車程，我想坐下來閱讀。艾芙琳建議去海灘上走走。我開始拒絕，但后來我想，“艾芙琳整個星期都在這里和孩子們獨處，現(xiàn)在她想和我獨處。”），說明湯姆的妻子和孩子早在他之前已經(jīng)先到了海邊，他是之后自己開車過來的。因此C選項“獨自一人”正確。A選項“和他的家人一起”，B選項“和艾芙琳一起”，D選項“和他的孩子們一起”均不符合原文，所以A,B,D錯誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一、二句Imadeapledgetomyselfonthewaydowntothevacationbeachcottage.FortwoweeksIwouldtrytobealovinghusbandandfather.（在去度假海灘別墅的路上，我對自己做了一個承諾。在兩個星期里，我將努力成為一個有愛心的丈夫和父親。），說明湯姆向自己保證在度假的兩周里要做一個好丈夫、好父親，所以他對妻子非常體貼。因此C選項“他決心要做一個好丈夫”正確。A選項“她穿著新衣服看起來很可愛”，B選項“他在華爾街的公司賺了很多錢”，D選項“她身患重病”均不符合原文，所以A,B,D錯誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第十一段Well…thatcheckupIhadseveralweeksago…ourdoctor…didhetellyousomethingaboutme?Tom,you’vebeensogoodtome…amIdying?（嗯……幾周前我做的那個體檢……我們的醫(yī)生……他有沒有告訴你一些關(guān)于我的事情？湯姆，你一直對我很好……我是不是快死了？），說明聯(lián)系到上次在醫(yī)院的體檢，妻子不由得懷疑是不是自己快要死了丈夫才突然變得如此體貼。因此D選項“他對她很好，以至于她認(rèn)為她一定是要死了”正確。A選項“他稱贊妻子的毛衣，讓妻子很困惑”，由原文可知，妻子困惑之余更多的是欣喜，所以A錯誤。B選項“妻子堅持去他不喜歡去的博物館”，由原文可知，他愿意陪妻子去博物館，所以B錯誤。C選項“他沒告訴妻子她得了重病”，由原文可知，他的妻子并未得重病，所以C錯誤。

5.推理判斷題。由全文可知，湯姆認(rèn)為自己從前是個自私的丈夫，現(xiàn)在的改變就是要做一個充滿愛心的好丈夫，所以他說剛剛開始新生活。因此B選項“他剛剛開始享受作為一個有愛心的丈夫的生活”正確。A選項“他剛剛開始理解生活的真正意義”表述過于籠統(tǒng)，所以A錯誤。C選項“他以前過著不幸福的生活，現(xiàn)在開始改變”，原文中沒有說他以前過得不幸福，所以C錯誤。D選項“他開始為以前對妻子的所作所為感到遺憾”，由原文可知，重新開始生活并不只是遺憾，而是改變，所以D錯誤。

8.單選題

WhenIwasstillanarchitecturestudent,ateachertoldme,"Welearnmorefrombuildingsthatfalldownthanfrombuildingsthatstandup."Whathemeantwasthatconstructionisasmuchtheresultofexperienceasoftheory.Althoughstructuraldesignfollowsestablishedformulas,theactualperformanceofabuildingiscomplicatedbythepassageoftime,thebehaviorofusers,thenaturalelementsandunnaturalevents.Allaredifficulttosimulate.Buildings,unlikecars,can'tbecrash-tested.

ThefirstimportantlessonoftheWorldTradeCentercollapseisthattallbuildingscanwithstandtheimpactofalargejetliner.Thetwintowersweresupportedby59perimetercolumnsoneachside.Althoughabout30ofthesecolumns,extendingfromfourtosixfloors,weredestroyedineachbuildingbytheimpact,initiallybothtowersremainedstanding.Evenso,thedeathtollwasappalling2,235peoplelosttheirlives.

Iwasonceaskedhowtallbuildingsshouldbedesignedgivenwhatwe'dlearnedfromtheworldTradeCentercollapse.Myanswerwas,"Lower,"Thequestionofwhenatallbuildingbecomesunsafeiseasytoanswer.Commonaerialfire-fightingladdersinusetodayare100feethighandcanreachtoaboutthe10thfloor,sofiresinbuildingsupto10storieshighcanbefoughtfromtheexterior.Fightingfiresandevacuatingoccupantsabovethatheightdependonfirestairs.

Thetallerthebuilding,thelongeritwilltakeforfirefighterstoclimbtothesceneofthefire.Sothesimpleanswertothesafetyquestionis"Lowerthan10stories."

Thenwhydon'tcitiesimposelowerheightlimits?A60-storyofficebuildingdoesnothavesixtimesasmuchrentablespaceasa10-storybuilding.However,allthingsbeingequal,suchabuildingwillproducefourtimesmorerevenueandfourtimesmoreinpropertytaxes.Socuttingbuildingheightswouldmeancuttingcitybudgets.

ThemostimportantlessonoftheWorldTradeCentercollapseisnotthatweshouldstopbuildingtallbuildingsbutthatwehavemisjudgedtheircost.Wedidthesamethingwhenweunderestimatedthecostofhurtlingalongahighwayinasteelboxat70milesperhour.Ittookmanyyearsbeforeseatbelts,airbags,radialtires,andantilockbrakesbecamecommonplace.Atfirst,carssimplyweretooslowtowarrantconcern.Later,manufacturersresistedtheseexpensivedevices,arguingthatconsumerswouldnotpayforsafety.Nowwedowillingly.

1.Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat（）.

2.WhatcanwelearnfromtheWTCcollapse?

3.Ideally,thepolicyincityconstructionshouldbe（）.

4.Whyaretherestillhighbuildings,orevenskyscrapersinmanycities?

5.WhatisthemostimportantlessonoftheWTCcollapse?

問題1選項

A.architectureissomethingmoreoutofexperiencethanoutoftheory

B.architecturedependsjustasmuchonexperienceasontheory

C.itissaferforpeopletoliveinoldbuildings

D.welearnnotsomuchfromourfailureasfromoursuccess

問題2選項

A.Despitethetwostrongbuildings,thedeathtollwasstillveryshocking.

B.Thestructureofthetwobuildingswasofthefirstclass.

C.Thestructureofthetwobuildingswasnotsostrongaspeoplehadexpected

D.Thestructureofthetwobuildingswasstrongenoughtowithstandanyaccidents.

問題3選項

A.lowerthantenstories

B.thelower,thebetter

C.thehigher,thebetter

D.higherthantenstories

問題4選項

A.Becausetheyarethesymbolofmoderntimes.

B.Becausemanycitiesnowlackbuildingspace.

C.Becausetheyareanimportantfinancialsourceofacity'sbudget.

D.Becausetheyrepresentthelevelofacountry'sscienceandtechnology.

問題5選項

A.Weshouldwearseatbeltswhiledriving.

B.Weshouldbuildlowbuildingsjustasweshoulddriveslowly.

C.Weshouldmaketallbuildingsillegal.

D.Weshouldpayforsafetywhileconstructingtallbuildings.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。第一段第二句指出:Whathemeantwasthatconstructionisasmuchtheresultofexperienceasoftheory(他的意思是建筑物既是經(jīng)驗的結(jié)果，也是理論的結(jié)果)。由此可知B項“建筑不僅依賴于理論，也依賴于經(jīng)驗”正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞WTCcollapse定位至第二段:Evenso,thedeathtollwasappalling2,235peoplelosttheirlives(即使（兩座建筑物沒有倒塌），付出的傷亡代價卻是驚人的——2235人失去了生命)。由此推斷A項“盡管兩座建筑物很牢固，但付出的傷亡代價卻是驚人的”正確。

第3題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段指出:Sothesimpleanswertothesafetyquestionis“Lowerthan10stories.”(所以安全問題的簡單答案是“低于10層樓”)。因此A選項“低于十層”正確。

第4題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段指出:Socuttingbuildingheightswouldmeancuttingcitybudgets(因此削減樓層高度等于削減城市預(yù)算)。因此在許多城市里還有高樓大廈，甚至摩天大樓是因為“它們是城市預(yù)算的重要財政來源”。答案為C。

第5題:判斷推理題。最后一段提到從世貿(mào)中心倒塌事件得到的一個重要經(jīng)驗:Later,manufacturersresistedtheseexpensivedevices,arguingthatconsumerswouldnotpayforsafety.Nowwedo–willingly(之后，廠商拒絕使用這些昂貴的設(shè)施，認(rèn)為消費者不會為安全買單。但是現(xiàn)在我們的確愿意了)。因此D項“在建造高層建筑時，我們應(yīng)該為安全問題買單”正確。

9.單選題

Toforgivemaybedivine,butnooneeversaiditwaseasy.Whensomeonehasdeeplyhurtyou,itcanbeextremelydifficulttoletgoofyourgrudge.Butforgivenessispossible-—anditcansurprisinglybeneficialtoyourphysicalandmentalhealth.

“Peoplewhoforgiveshowlessdepression,angerandstressandmorehopefulness,”saysFrederic,Ph.D.,authorofForgiveforGood.“Soitcanhelpsaveonthewearandtearonourorgans,reducethewearingoutoftheimmunesystemandallowpeopletofeelmorevital.”

Sohowdoyoustartthehealing?Tryfollowingthesesteps:

Calmyourself.Todefuseyouranger,tryasimplestress-managementtechnique.“Takeacoupleofbreathsandthinkofsomethingthatgivesyoupleasure:abeautifulsceneinnature,someoneyoulove,”Fredericsays.

Don’twaitforanapology.“Manytimesthepersonwhohurtyouhasnointentionofapologizing,”Fredericsays.“Theymayhavewantedtohurtyouortheyjustdon’tseethingsthesameway.Soifyouwaitforpeopletoapologize,youcouldbewaitinganawfullylongtime.”Keepinmindthatforgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymeanreconciliationwiththepersonwhoupsetyouorcondoningofhisorheraction.

Takethecontrolawayfromyouroffender.Mentallyreplayingyourhurtgivespowertothepersonwhocausedyoupain.“Insteadoffocusingonyourwoundedfeelings,learntolookforthelove,beautyandkindnessaroundyou,”Fredericsays.

Trytoseethingsfromtheotherperson’sperspective.Ifyouempathizewiththatperson,youmayrealizethatheorshewasactingoutofignorance,fear,evenlove.Togainperspective,youmaywanttowritealettertoyourselffromyouroffender’spointofview.

Recognizethebenefitsofforgiveness.Researchhasshownthatpeoplewhoforgivereportmoreenergy,betterappetiteandbettersleeppatterns.

Don’tforgettoforgiveyourself.“Forsomepeople,forgivingthemselvesisthebiggestchallenge,”Fredericsays.“Butitcanrobyouofyourself-confidenceifyoudon’tdoit.”

1.Forgivenessis（）

2.Whatdoes“wearandtear”mean?

3.WhichisNotthetechniqueofhealing?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.easytodo

B.noble

C.onlybeneficialtophysicalhealth

D.impossibletogetyourgrudgego

問題2選項

A.Damageresultingfromordinaryuse.

B.Energy.

C.Friction.

D.Moisture.

問題3選項

A.Inhaledeeply.

B.Mentallyreplayyourhurtoften.

C.Distractyourattention.

D.Thinkinanotherpointofview.

問題4選項

A.Thepersonwhohurtyouissuretomakeanapologytoyoulateron.

B.Youmaycondoneothers’wrongdoings.

C.Forgivenessdoesn’tequalobeyance.

D.Youshouldnegotiatewiththepersonwhoupsetyou.

問題5選項

A.Waystogetwellfromyourhurt.

B.Toforgivemaybedivine,butnooneeversaiditwaseasy.

C.Forgivenessbenefitstoyourphysicalandmentalhealth.

D.AnintroductiontothebookForgiveforGood.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的第一句可知選項A錯誤；而divine與noble同義,所以選項B正確；根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“forgivenesscansurprisinglybeneficialtoyourphysicalandmentalhealth”可知選項C錯誤；根據(jù)第一段的第二句“itcanbeextremelydifficulttoletgoofyourgrudge.”可知選項D也錯誤。所以本題選B。

2.語義題。damageresultingfromordinaryuse日常中的損傷；friction摩擦力；moisture水分,濕度。根據(jù)原文可知,這里指可以幫助我們減少器官的磨損。選項A符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第六段的第二句“Mentallyreplayingyourhurtgivespowertothepersonwhocausedyoupain.”在心里重演你的傷痛,只會給予傷害你的人力量。所以選項B并不是治療的好方法。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第五段的最后一句“forgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymeanreconciliationwiththepersonwhoupsetyouorcondoningofhisorheraction.”寬恕并不一定意味著與讓你心煩的人和解,也不意味著寬恕他或她的行為。選項C符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。forgiveness為本文的關(guān)鍵詞,再結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要是講如何寬恕以及寬恕的益處。選項C更符合原文。其他選項都太片面。

10.單選題

Theyareboundtofailiftheycontinueattheriskofallthesedangers.

問題1選項

A.areunnecessary

B.arecertain

C.aresimple

D.arealternative

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意：如果他們繼續(xù)冒著所有這些危險，他們……會失敗。這里表示的是肯定的說法，beboundto意為“肯定，必然”。A選項areunnecessary“不必要的”；B選項arecertain“必然的，確信的”；C選項aresimple“簡單的，單純的”；D選項arealternative“供選擇的”。選項B符合語境。

11.單選題

Althoughthebodyismadeupofmanydifferenttissues,thesetissuesarearrangedinan（

）andorderlyfashion.

問題1選項

A.incredible

B.internal

C.intricate

D.initial

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項incredible“不可思議的，難以置信的”；B選項internal“內(nèi)在的”；C選項intricate“錯綜復(fù)雜的”；D選項initial“最初的”。原句表示“雖然人體是由許多不同的組織組成的，但這些組織是以______而有序的方式排列的”可知C選項符合句意。句意：雖然人體是由許多不同的組織組成的，但這些組織是以錯綜復(fù)雜而有序的方式排列的。

12.問答題

AStheplanetwarms,floods,storms,risingseasanddroughtwilluprootmillionsofpeopleandwithdirewiderconsequences.BarackObama,collectinghisNobelpeaceprize,saidthatclimaticchange“willfuelmoreconflictfordecades”.HetooktheanalysisnotfromenvironmentalscaremongersbutfromagroupofAmericangenerals.

Theforecastisclose（1）becomingreceivedwisdom.Aflurryofnewbookswithtitlessuchas“GlobalWarring”and“ClimaticConflict”offernear-apocalypticvisions.CleoPascal,attheRoyalInstituteofInternationalAffairsinLondon,predictsthosefloods,storms,thefailureoftheIndianmonsoonandagriculturalcollapsewillbring“enormousmadspecificgeopolitical,economicandsecurityconsequencesforallofus...theworldoftomorrowlookschaoticandviolent”.JeffreyMazooftheInternationalInstituteforStrategicStudies,alsoinLondon,callsclimaticchangean“existentialthreat”andfearsitcouldusher（2）“statefailureandinternalconflict”inexposedplaces,notablyAfrica.

Yetsurprisinglyfewfactssupportthesealarmingassertions.Widelytoutedforecastssuchas

for200mclimaticrefugeesinfirenextfewdecadesseemtohavebeenplucked（3）theair.

LittleornoacademicresearchhaslookedatquestionssuchaswhetherBangladeshisdisplacedbyarisingseawouldmoveaseriesofshortdistancesoveralongperiod,or(moredisruptively)agreaterdistanceimmediately.

SoscientistspreparingthefifthreportoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,duein2013,areforthefirsttimeincludingachapteronthreatstohumansecurity.Anearlyeffort

cameataconferencelastmonthinNorway,

（4）

theauspicesofthePeaceResearchInstituteinOslo.

Oneideaistofindpreviousoccasionswhenbigenvironmentalchangescame

（5）

social,

politicalandmilitaryshifts.DroughtsintheCentralAsiansteppe,forexample,ledtomasswestwardmigrationandthe“barbarian”invasionsthathelpedtoppletheRomanEmpire.HungeranddroughtledtothecollapseofMayancivilizationamillenniumago.SuddencoolingwipedoutanearlyEuropeansettlementonGreenland.TheDustBowlofthe1930sforcedover2mpeopletomigratewithintheUnitedStates.

ThoseexamplesmayberelevantinAfrica,whereinmanycountriesaroundthree-quartersofthepopulationsurvivebycultivatingafewvarietiesofcropswatereddirectlybyrain,theformof

farmingmostvulnerable

（6）

climaticchange.Africahaswarmedby0.5°Conaverageinthe

pasthalfcentury,andmayheatby1.5-4°Cmorethiscentury.Heathitscerealyields(speciallymaize),perhapsby10-20%fora1*Crise.Rainfallpatternswillalsoshift.

ThehardestevidenceforalinksofarcomesfromateamledbyMarshallBurkeoftheUniversityofCalifornia,whichstudiedAfricanwarsfrom1980to2002andfoundthatrisingtemperaturesarcindeedassociatedwithcropfailure,economicdeclineandasharpriseinthelikelihoodofwar.Itpredicteda“50%increase”inthechanceofcivilwarinAfricaby2030.

Butthatclaimisnowheavilyrevised,sinceresearchersredidtheirsumstotakeaccountofthemorepeacefulperiodof2002-08.Otherssaythatpoliticalandotherfactorssuchasethnicconflictandoutsideinterventionarefarbetterindicatorsofthelikelihoodoffighting.

TakethewidelycitedcaseofthewarinDarfur,thewesternregionofSudan.BanKi-moon,

theUNsecretary-general,describeditas“anecologicalcrisis,arisingatleast（7）partfrom

climatechange”.EnvironmentalproblemshaveprobablyworsenedtheDarfur’sdreadfulplight,offeringgristtothosewhocallclimatechangea“threatmultiplier5，.Averagerainfallintheregionfellabruptly(byathirdormore)intheearly1970sandDarfurrepeatedlysuffereddroughts.Clashesovergrazingandthendisplacementofvillagerswerefollowed,from2003,byhorrificwar.

Yettheconnectioniselusive.Roughlythreedecadeselapsedbetweentherainstoppingandwarstarting.Manyotherfactorspolitical,ethnic,demographicandeconomicconspiredtostokeviolence.ThosewerespecifictoDarfur,whereasthesharpdropinrainfallhitthewholeSahel,withoutintensifyingconflictelsewhere.

AnothercommonlycitedexampleisviolentcompetitionforscarcegrazingbetweennomadicherdsmenintheHomofAfrica.YetastudyoffightingamongpastoralistsontheborderbetweenKenyaandSomaliainthepast60years(presentedattheconference)showedinsteadthatconflictworsenedwhengrazingwasabundantandfell

（

8）

droughts.Hungrypeoplewaretoobusystayingalive,ortooexhausted,tofight.Bycontrast,whenrainsmadeherdsmen’sliveseasier,theycouldreleasesurplusyounglaborfortheviolentsportofr