考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱科學(xué)技術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱科學(xué)技術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

Directions:Therearetwopassagesinthispartwith5sentencesunderlined.YouarerequiredtotranslatethosesentencesfromEnglishintoChinese.ReadthefollowingshortpassagescarefullyandONLYtranslatethe5sentencesthatareunderlined.

(1)ElNinoisanintermittentdisruptionoftheclimatesystemcenteredintheequatorialPacificthathaseffectsonshort-termclimatearoundthePacificbasin.

TounderstandElNino,itisnecessarytounderstandthenormaltrade-windsysteminthetropicalPacific.(2)Thesunheatstheequatorialregionsmorestronglythantherestoftheglobe,soairtendstorisefromthesurfacethere,replacedbyinflowfromthesubtropics.TheCoriolisEffectturnstheseinflowstotherightinthenorthernhemisphereandtotheleftinthesouthern,resultinginthegreattrade-windbeltsthatblowequatorwardandwestwardoverthewidthofthetropicalPacific.(3)Intheocean,thesewindstendtopushthesurfacewatertowardsthewest,sosealevelatIndonesiaisabout50cmhigherthanattheSouthAmericancoast,whichgivesanideaofthepowerandsteadinessofthetradewinds.Assurfacewaterispushedwest,coolersubsurfacewaterisdrawnuptothesurfaceintheeasternequatorialPacific.Thisupwelledwaterisnutrientrich,andsupportsalargepopulationofmarineandbirdlife,aswellasanimportantfisheryoffthecoastofPeruandEcuador.(4)Then,duringitsjourneywest,surfacewaterisheatedbythesuntotemperaturesofabout29℃overahugeareawestofthedateline,knownasthewestPacificwarmpool,wheretheoceanisroughly6℃higherthanwhenthewatercametothesurfaceintheeast.Thisairisalsoveryhumidduetoitslongpassageoverthetropicalocean,andwhenitrisesinthewestheavyprecipitinisproducedoverIndonesiaandSoutheastAsia.

Thewarmpoolisoneofthemajordrivingforcesofworldclimate.Itswarmthstrengthenstherisingmotioninthewestandtherebyreinforcesthewestwardwindsofthetradewindsystem.(5)Therising,moisture-ladenairpumpsheatandwatervaporintotheupperatmosphere,whereitcanbecarriedgreatdistances.Thehugesourceofheathelpssetthepathofthejetstreamsthatcontroltemperate-zoneweather,muchasalargerockinastreamdeterminesthepatternofwaterflow,includingwaverymotionsthatextendwelldownstreamoftherock.Therefore,whenthewarmpoolchangesshapeorposition,theeffectsrippleoutwardtoaffectmuchoftheworld’sweather.

【答案】1.厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象是一種以赤道太平洋為中心的氣候系統(tǒng)的間歇性中斷，對(duì)太平洋盆地周?chē)亩唐跉夂虍a(chǎn)生影響。

2.太陽(yáng)對(duì)赤道地區(qū)的加熱要比地球上其他地區(qū)強(qiáng)烈得多，所以那里的空氣往往會(huì)從表面上升，取而代之的是來(lái)自亞熱帶的流入。

3.在海洋中，這些風(fēng)傾向于將表層海水推向西部，因此印度尼西亞的海平面比南美洲海岸高出約50厘米，這讓我們了解了信風(fēng)的力量和穩(wěn)定性。

4.然后，在它向西航行的過(guò)程中，地表水在一個(gè)巨大的國(guó)際日期變更線以西的區(qū)域被太陽(yáng)加熱到約29攝氏度，這片區(qū)域被稱(chēng)為西太平洋暖池，那里的海洋溫度比海水到達(dá)東方表面時(shí)大約高出6攝氏度。

5.上升的充滿水分的空氣將熱量和水蒸氣抽到高層大氣中，在那里它們可以被帶去很遠(yuǎn)的地方。

2.單選題

Oneofthemostalarmingthingsaboutthecrisisintheglobalfinancialsystemisthatthewarningsignshavebeenoutthereforsometime,yetnooneheededthem.Exactly10yearsago,ahedgefundcalledLong-TermCapitalManagement(LTCM)failedtoconvinceinvestorsthatitcouldrepayitsdebts,therebybringingtheworldtothebrinkofasimilar“l(fā)iquiditycrisis”totheonewenowsee.Disasterwasavertedthenonlybecauseregulatorsmanagedtoputtogetheramulti-billion-dollarbailoutpackage.

LTCM’scollapsewasparticularlynotablebecauseitsfoundershadsetgreatstorebytheiruseofstatisticalmodelsdesignedtokeeptabsontherisksinherentintheirinvestments.Itsfallshouldhavebeenawake-upcalltobanksandtheirregulatorysupervisorsthatthemodelswerenotworkingaswellashoped-inparticularthattheywereignoringtherisksofextremeeventsandtheconnectionsthatsendsucheventsreverberatingaroundthefinancialsystem.Instead,theycarriedonusingthem?

Nowthatdisasterhasstruckagain,somefinancialriskmodelers-the"quant’s"whohavewieldedsomuchinfluenceovermodembanking-aresayingtheyknowwherethegapsintheirknowledgeareandarepromisingtofillthem.Shouldwetrustthem?

Theirtrackrecorddoesnotinspireconfidence.Statisticalmodelshaveprovedalmostuselessatpredictingthekillerrisksforindividualbanks,andworsethanuselesswhenitcomestoriskstothefinancialsystemasawhole.Themodelsencouragedbankerstothinktheywereplayingahigh-stakescardgame,whenwhattheywereactuallydoingwasmoreakintolininguparowofdominoes.

Howcouldsomanysmartpeoplehavegottenitsowrong?Onereasonisthattheirfaithintheirmodel’spredictivepowerledthemtoignorewhatwashappeningintherealworld.Financeoffersenormousscopefordissembling:almostanyfailurecanbeexplainedawaybyajudiciouschoiceoflanguageanddata.Wheninvestorsdonotbehaveliketheself-interestedhomoeconomicsthateconomistssupposethemtobe,theyaredescribedasbeing"irrationallyexuberant"orblindedbypanic.Analternativeview-thatinvestorsarereactinglogicallyinthefaceofuncertainty-israrelyconsidered.Similarly,extremeeventsaredescribedashappeningonly"onceinacentury"-eventhoughthereisinsufficientdataonwhichtobasesuchanassessment.

Thequant’s'modelsmightsuccessfullypredictthemovementofmarketsmostofthetime,butthebankerswhorelyonthemhavefailedtorealizethattheoccasionsonwhichthemarketsdeviatefromnormalityaremuchmoreimportantthanthosewhentheycomply.Theeventsofthepastyearhavedriventhishomeinaspectacularfashion:bysomeestimates,thebankingindustryhaslostmoremoneyinthecurrentcrisisthanithasmadeinitsentirehistory.

1.Whathappenedadecadeagointhefinancialworld（

）.

2.ThestatisticalmodelsusedbyLTCM

（

）.

3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthemajorcauseofthecurrentfinancialcrisis?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatriskcontrolofthefinancialmarket（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wasapredictoroftoday’ssituation

B.has,asamatteroffact,repeateditself

C.resultedfrominvestors'ignoranceofpotentialdanger

D.showedthenecessityofgovernmentintervention

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.hadaninfluenceontheentirefinancialsector

B.onlydealtwithriskswithinthescopeofthefund

C.wereappliedtodifferentfinancialoperations

D.hadinherentflawsknowntotheirusers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thedecision-makerswerenotawareoftheriskofextremeevents.

B.Designersofthemechanismstopreventfinancialdisasterswereself-absorbed.

C.Relyingonthestatisticalmodels,bankerswereboldintheirbusinessoperations.

D.Riskmanagersfailedtoseetheweaknessinthesystemintime.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.shouldbefocusedonunexpectedchanges

B.hasbeensupervisedbythosewhoareoptimistic

C.becomeseffectiveonlywithbank'scompliancewithgeneralmarketrules

D.isinadequateifitisonlydesignedforwhatmayhappeninahundredyears

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘十年前在金融界發(fā)生的事情怎樣？’根據(jù)第一段第一句“Oneofthemostalarmingthingsaboutthecrisisintheglobalfinancialsystemisthatthewarningsignshavebeenoutthereforsometime,yetnooneheededthem.全球金融體系危機(jī)最令人擔(dān)憂的事情之一是，警告信號(hào)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了一段時(shí)間，但沒(méi)有人注意到它們?！焙偷谌蔚谝痪洹癗owthatdisasterhasstruckagain現(xiàn)在災(zāi)難又來(lái)了”。確定A選項(xiàng)“是今天情況的預(yù)兆”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘LTCM使用的數(shù)據(jù)模型怎么了？’根據(jù)第二段中“LTCM’scollapsewasparticularlynotablebecauseitsfoundershadsetgreatstorebytheiruseofstatisticalmodelsdesignedtokeeptabsontherisksinherentintheirinvestments.LTCM的倒閉尤其引人注目，因?yàn)樗膭?chuàng)始人非常重視使用統(tǒng)計(jì)模型來(lái)跟蹤他們投資中所固有的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。”可知他們注重于自己的投資中固有的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，所以B選項(xiàng)“只處理基金范圍內(nèi)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘作者認(rèn)為導(dǎo)致當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的主要原因是什么？’根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句“Onereasonisthattheirfaithintheirmodel'spredictivepowerledthemtoignorewhatwashappeningintherealworld.原因之一是，他們對(duì)模型預(yù)測(cè)能力的信心導(dǎo)致他們忽視了現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中發(fā)生的事情?！笨芍麄冞^(guò)于信賴(lài)這個(gè)模型導(dǎo)致這一后果，所以C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)橐蕾?lài)統(tǒng)計(jì)模型，銀行家在他們的商業(yè)運(yùn)作中很大膽”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘從文章中可以推斷出，金融市場(chǎng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制怎樣？’根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Thequant’s'modelsmightsuccessfullypredictthemovementofmarketsmostofthetime,butthebankerswhorelyonthemhavefailedtorealizethattheoccasionsonwhichthemarketsdeviatefromnormalityaremuchmoreimportantthanthosewhentheycomply.定量分析師的模型可能在大多數(shù)情況下都能成功預(yù)測(cè)市場(chǎng)的走勢(shì)，但依賴(lài)模型的銀行家們卻沒(méi)有意識(shí)到，市場(chǎng)偏離常態(tài)的情況要比市場(chǎng)順應(yīng)常態(tài)的情況重要得多?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)“只有在銀行服從一般市場(chǎng)規(guī)則的情況下才有效”正確。

3.單選題

Hisshirtfactoryisgrowingsofastthathemust（

）moreworkers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeon

B.takeup

C.takeout

D.takeover

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。takeon意為“承擔(dān)，接受，雇用”；takeup意為“開(kāi)始從事”；takeout意為“取出，除去”；takeover意為“接收，接管”。

句意：他的襯衫工廠發(fā)展很快，以至于他必須雇傭更多的工人。

4.單選題

Abenefitperformanceisaperformanceforwhichacharitableorganizationhasboughtoutatadiscountedpriceand（）fundsbysellingticketsatafullprice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.furnishes

B.raises

C.accumulates

D.contributes

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)furnishes“提供”；B選項(xiàng)raises“籌款”；C選項(xiàng)accumulates“積累”；D選項(xiàng)contribute“貢獻(xiàn)”。句意：義演是指一個(gè)慈善組織以折扣價(jià)買(mǎi)斷演出，并以全價(jià)出售門(mén)票來(lái)籌集資金的演出。本句表示籌集資金，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

WhenIwassenttoprison,IreallyfeltIhad（

）myparents（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.let...off

B.let...down

C.let...out

D.let...alone

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。let...off“放出，準(zhǔn)許……暫停工作，寬恕”；let...down“使失望；辜負(fù)”；let...out“放出，泄漏”；let...alone“更不必說(shuō)”。句意：當(dāng)我被送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄的時(shí)候，我真的覺(jué)得我讓我爸媽失望了。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

Knowledgeisacomfortableandnecessaryretreatand_______forusinanadvancedage;andifwedonotplantitwhileyoung,itwillgiveusnoshadewhenwegrowold.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingredient

B.reliance

C.shelter

D.inclination

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義解析。ingredient“要素，組成部分”，reliance“信賴(lài)”；shelter“庇護(hù)，避難所”；inclination“傾向，愛(ài)好”。句意：多我們來(lái)說(shuō)知識(shí)是舒適而必要的歸宿在我們年老的時(shí)候，如果年輕時(shí)不開(kāi)始，年老的時(shí)候它就不會(huì)給我們遮陰。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.單選題

ThefirstcoinstoappearintheWesternworldwereissuedbytheLydiansandtheIonianGreeksintheeighthcenturyB.C.Thesecoins,whichweremadeofelectrum,anaturalcombinationofgoldandsilver,wereirregularinweightandqualityandapparentlyofprivateissue.ThepuregoldandsilvercoinswithrelatedvalueswhichappearedduringthereignofCroesus(560-546B.C)providethefirstundoubtedevidenceofstandardcoinagebystateauthority.Thecoinswerenotperfectlyshaped,however,fortheywerestruckwithahand-wieldedhammer.Thetrendtowardcompletemathematicalsymmetrydidnot,infact,beginuntilthecoiningpress,inventedbyLeonardodaVinciinthesixteenthcentury,wasgenerallyadoptedinthemiddleoftheseventeenthcentury.

Oneshouldnotassume,however,thatonlymachine-madecoinsareprizedfortheirworkmanship.ThesilverdekadrachmfromSyracuse,struckabout413B.C.,isconsideredoneofthefinestGreekcoinsandisworthmorethanathousanddollarstoday.AnartisticmasterpieceofamuchlaterperiodisthesilvertalermintedinRatisbon,southernGermany,in1754.

Thevalueofacoinisnotprimarilydeterminedbyitsage,asmanypeopleseemtothink.ManyGreekandRomancoinsthatwereissuedinabundancecanbepurchasedforamoderateprice.Ontheotherhand,aGermancoinmadeofshrapnelduringtheFirstWorldWarisveryrareandvaluable.AmongtheespeciallyrareUnitedStatescoinsarethe1804silverdollar,the1822five-dollargoldpiece,andthe1894silverdime.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmayNOTberightaboutthecoinsmadeinLydiaduringthereignofCroesus?

2.TheauthorityspecificallymentionsallofthefollowingspecificfeaturesoftheSyracusedekadrachmEXCEPTits（

）.

3.TheauthormakesitclearthattheSyracusandekadrachmandtheGermantalermentionedinthepassageare

（

）.

4.LeonardodeVinciismentionedinthepassageinconnectionwith

（

）.

5.Theauthormakesitclearthatcoinsmadebymachineare（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theywereissuedbythegovernment

B.Theyweregivenstandardvalues

C.Theywereallofequalpurity

D.Theywereallalikeinshape

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.appearance

B.scarcity

C.value

D.age

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.handmadeWesterncoins

B.worthaboutathousanddollarseachtoday

C.madeoutofdifferentmetals

D.notedfortheircraftsmanship

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thefirstgovernmentissueofcoins

B.theartisticaspectofcoinmaking

C.coinsissuedinthesixteenthcentury

D.theproductionofuniformcoins

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.usuallyofgreatervaluethanhandmadecoins

B.moreuniforminsizeandshapethanhandmadecoins

C.availableinlargequantitiesthanhandmadecoins

D.generallysuperiorinworkmanshiptohandmadecoins

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的ThepuregoldandsilvercoinswithrelatedvalueswhichappearedduringthereignofCroesusprovidethefirstundoubtedevidenceofstandardcoinagebystateauthority.（克里薩斯國(guó)王統(tǒng)治時(shí)期出現(xiàn)的具有相關(guān)價(jià)值的純金和銀幣，為國(guó)家當(dāng)局提供了第一個(gè)毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鑄幣證據(jù)）可知A、B、C的選項(xiàng)正確，因此選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Thecoinswerenotperfectlyshaped,however,fortheywerestruckwithahand-wieldedhammer.（然而，這些硬幣的形狀并不完美，因?yàn)樗鼈兪怯檬治罩腻N子敲打的）和第二段中的ThesilverdekadrachmfromSyracuse,struckabout413B.C.,isconsideredoneofthefinestGreekcoinsandisworthmorethanathousanddollarstoday.（來(lái)自希臘庫(kù)扎的銀質(zhì)硬幣鑄造于公元前413年，被認(rèn)為是希臘最好的硬幣之一，價(jià)值超過(guò)1000美元）可知提到了這個(gè)銀幣的不足、價(jià)值以及年齡，因此選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段句首提到Oneshouldnotassume,however,thatonlymachine-madecoinsareprizedfortheirworkmanship.（然而，人們不應(yīng)該認(rèn)為只有機(jī)器制造的硬幣才是有價(jià)值的），緊接著以theSyracusandekadrachmandtheGermantaler舉例，是為了說(shuō)明手工制作的硬幣具有很大的價(jià)值，因此選D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Thetrendtowardcompletemathematicalsymmetrydidnot,infact,beginuntilthecoiningpress,inventedbyLeonardodaVinciinthesixteenthcentury（事實(shí)上，完全數(shù)學(xué)對(duì)稱(chēng)的趨勢(shì)直到十六世紀(jì)萊昂納多?達(dá)?芬奇發(fā)明的印壓機(jī)才開(kāi)始）可知B選項(xiàng)“硬幣制作的工藝”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Thecoinswerenotperfectlyshaped,however,fortheywerestruckwithahand-wieldedhammer.（然而，這些硬幣的形狀并不完美，因?yàn)樗鼈兪怯檬治罩腻N子敲打的）可知以前手工制作的硬幣在形狀大小存在不足，機(jī)械制造出來(lái)的銀幣其形狀大小是統(tǒng)一的，因此選B。

8.寫(xiě)作題

Asmostpeoplespendamajorpartoftheiradultlifeatwork,jobsatisfactionisanimportantelementofindividualwell-being.Whatarethefactorsthatcontributetojobsatisfaction?Howrealisticistheexpectationofjobsatisfactionforallworkers.

【答案】略

9.單選題

Icanrespectsomeonewhois（）fortheiractions,butIcannotrespectsomeonewhoisalwayspointingthefinger.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.millennium

B.dominant

C.accountable

D.commercial

【答案】C

【解析】語(yǔ)義題。millennium一千年，千禧年；dominant占優(yōu)勢(shì)的，支配的；accountable負(fù)有責(zé)任的；commercial商業(yè)的，商務(wù)的。accountable符合要求。根據(jù)句中but一詞推測(cè),空格出應(yīng)填與alwayspointingthefinger(總是指手畫(huà)腳)反向的詞。因此選C。

10.單選題

MissRosemaryAdangwentthroughthecompositioncarefullyto（）allerrorsfromit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.eliminate

B.terminate

C.illuminate

D.alleviate

【答案】A

【解析】同形詞辨析題。eliminate“排除；消除”；terminate“結(jié)束；終結(jié)”；illuminate“照亮”；alleviate“減輕；緩和”，“仔細(xì)地瀏覽作文”的目的是“排除錯(cuò)誤”，符合邏輯，所以此處應(yīng)該使用動(dòng)詞eliminate，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。句意為：羅斯瑪麗亞當(dāng)小姐仔細(xì)地瀏覽作文，以排除所有錯(cuò)誤。

11.單選題

Hemighthavebeenkilled（

）thearrivalofthepolice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceptfor

B.butfor

C.with

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。butfor“要不是，如果沒(méi)有”；exceptfor“除了…以外”。句意：要不是警察來(lái)了，他可能已經(jīng)被殺了。mighthavebeenkilled是對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)，故B項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Heisabitofanexpert（

）computers,whichhasbecomesomethinghewouldboasttohisfriends.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.spoutoff

B.feelrightabout

C.getawaywith

D.whenitcomesto

【答案】D

【解析】句意:說(shuō)到電腦，他還是有點(diǎn)在行的。而這也成為他在朋友面前自夸的資本。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。spoutoff喋喋不休,夸夸其談;feelrightabout感覺(jué)是對(duì)的;getawaywith僥幸成功,僥幸逃脫;whenitcomesto當(dāng)提到。故D符合句意。

13.單選題

Theinterrelationshipofscience,technology,andindustryistakenforgrantedtodaysummedup,notaltogetheraccurately,as“researchanddevelopment”.Yethistoricallythiswidespreadfaithintheeconomicvirtuesofscienceisarelativelyrecentphenomenon,datingbackintheUnitedStatesabout150years,andintheWesternworldasawholenotover300yearsatmost.Eveninthiscurrenteraoflargescale,intensiveresearchanddevelopment,theinterrelationshipsinvolvedinthisprocessarefrequentlymisunderstood.UntilthecomingoftheIndustrialRevolution,scienceandtechnologyevolvedforthemostpartindependentlyofeachother.Thenasindustrializationbecameincreasinglycomplicated,thecrafttechniquesofpreindustrialsocietygraduallygavewaytoatechnologybasedonthesystematicapplicationofscientificknowledgeandscientificmethods.Thischangeoverstartedslowlyandprogressedunevenly.Untillateinthenineteenthcentury,onlyafewindustriescouldusescientifictechniquesorcaredaboutusingthem.Thelistexpandednoticeablyafter1870，buteventhenmuchofwhatpassedfortheapplicationofsciencewas“engineeringscience”ratherthanbasicscience.Nevertheless,bythemiddleofthenineteenthcentury,therapidexpansionofscientificknowledgeandofpublicawarenessifnotunderstanding—ofithadcreatedabeliefthattheadvanceofsciencewouldinsomeunspecifiedmannerautomaticallygenerateeconomicbenefits.Thewidespreadandusuallyuncriticalacceptanceofthisthesisledinturntotheassumptionthattheapplicationofsciencetoindustrialpurposeswasalinearprocess,startingwithfundamentalscience,thenproceedingtoappliedscienceortechnology,andthroughthemtoindustrialuse.Thisisprobablythemostcommonpattern,butitisnotinvariable.Newareasofsciencehavebeenopenedupandfundamentaldiscoveriesmadeasaresultofattemptstosolveaspecifictechnicaloreconomicproblem.Conversely,scientistswhomainlydobasicresearchalsoserveasconsultantsonprojectsthatapplyresearchinpracticalways.Insum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.

1.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinthepassage?

2.The“l(fā)ist”mentionedinline13refersto（）.

3.Theunderstandingofresearchanddevelopmentinthelatenineteenthcentury-isbasedonwhichofthefollowing?

4.Whydoestheauthormention“consultants”inline26?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tocorrectmisunderstandingsabouttheconnectionsbetweenscience,technology,andindustry

B.Todescribethescientificbaseofnineteenth-centuryAmericanindustries

C.Toshowhowtechnologyinfluencedbasicscience

D.Toarguethatbasicsciencehasnopracticalapplication

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.typesofscientificknowledge

B.changesbroughtbytechnology

C.industriesthatusedscientifictechniques

D.applicationsofengineeringscience

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Engineeringscienceisnotveryimportant.

B.Industrialneedsshoulddeterminewhatareasfundamentalsciencefocuseson.

C.Therelationshipbetweenresearchanddevelopmentshouldbecriticized.

D.Fundamentalsciencenaturallyleadstoeconomicbenefits.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Toshowhownewareasofsciencehavegivenrisetonewprofessions

B.Todistinguishbetweenscientistswhoworkinindustryandthosewhodonot

C.Toshowhowscientistswhoworkinbasicresearchcontributetoappliedscience

D.Toexplainthewaysinwhichscientistsfindfinancialsupportfortheirwork

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thedevelopmentofscienceandofindustryisnowinterdependent.

B.Basicscientificresearchcannotgeneratepracticalapplications.

C.Industriesshouldspendlessmoneyonresearchanddevelopment.

D.Scienceandtechnologyarebecomingmoreseparate.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.作者意圖題。由文章開(kāi)頭“Theinterrelationshipofscience,technology,andindustryistakenforgrantedtodaysummedup,notaltogetheraccurately,as“researchanddevelopment”…Eveninthiscurrenteraoflargescale,intensiveresearchanddevelopment,theinterrelationshipsinvolvedinthisprocessarefrequentlymisunderstood.科學(xué)、技術(shù)和工業(yè)之間的相互關(guān)系在今天被認(rèn)為是理所當(dāng)然的——不能完全準(zhǔn)確地概括為“研究和開(kāi)發(fā)”……即使在當(dāng)今這個(gè)大規(guī)模、密集的研究和開(kāi)發(fā)的時(shí)代，這個(gè)過(guò)程中所涉及的相互關(guān)系也常常被誤解?！币约氨疚淖詈笠痪洹癐nsum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.總之，科技-工業(yè)關(guān)系可能以幾種不同的方式流動(dòng)，它所遵循的特定渠道取決于個(gè)人情況。它有時(shí)甚至是多向的。”可知作者開(kāi)頭即點(diǎn)明人們對(duì)科學(xué)，技術(shù)，工業(yè)的相互關(guān)系的誤解，最后一句也點(diǎn)明這三者之間正變得越來(lái)越疏遠(yuǎn)。作者的意圖在于澄清人們對(duì)這三者之間的誤解。故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.詞義題。由題干定位到“Untillateinthenineteenthcentury,onlyafewindustriescouldusescientifictechniquesorcaredaboutusingthem.Thelistexpandednoticeablyafter1870…直到19世紀(jì)后期，只有少數(shù)幾個(gè)行業(yè)能夠使用科學(xué)技術(shù)或關(guān)心使用它們。1870年后，這一名單顯著擴(kuò)大”由此可知list是指代上文提到的“使用科學(xué)技術(shù)的行業(yè)”。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)試題題。由題干定位到“Nevertheless,bythemiddleofthenineteenthcentury,therapidexpansionofscientificknowledgeandofpublicawarenessifnotunderstanding—ofithadcreatedabeliefthattheadvanceofsciencewouldinsomeunspecifiedmannerautomaticallygenerateeconomicbenefits.盡管如此，到19世紀(jì)中葉，科學(xué)知識(shí)和公眾意識(shí)（如果不是理解的話）的迅速擴(kuò)展使人們相信，科學(xué)的進(jìn)步將以某種未指明的方式自動(dòng)地產(chǎn)生經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。由此可知人們相信科學(xué)進(jìn)步能夠帶來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。由題干定位到“Conversely,scientistswhomainlydobasicresearchalsoserveasconsultantsonprojectsthatapplyresearchinpracticalways.相反地，主要從事基礎(chǔ)研究的科學(xué)家也擔(dān)任顧問(wèn)，從事以實(shí)際方式應(yīng)用研究的項(xiàng)目。”從事基礎(chǔ)研究的科學(xué)家也兼顧應(yīng)用研究，可知作者想表明科學(xué)家對(duì)應(yīng)用研究的貢獻(xiàn)。故C項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。由本文最后一句“Insum,thescience-technology-industryrelationshipmayflowinseveraldifferentways,andtheparticularchannelitwillfollowdependsontheindividualsituation.Itmayattimesevenbemultidirectional.總之，科學(xué)-技術(shù)-工業(yè)關(guān)系可能以幾種不同的方式流動(dòng)，它所遵循的特定渠道取決于個(gè)人情況。它有時(shí)甚至是多向的?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)“科學(xué)和技術(shù)正變得越來(lái)越分離開(kāi)”與該內(nèi)容相符。故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)與此內(nèi)容不符。B項(xiàng)“基本科學(xué)研究不能產(chǎn)生實(shí)際應(yīng)用”文中沒(méi)提到；C項(xiàng)“工業(yè)應(yīng)該在研究和發(fā)展上少花點(diǎn)錢(qián)”文中也沒(méi)提到。

14.翻譯題

Strangeisoursituationhereuponearth.Eachofuscomesforashortvisit,notknowingwhyyetsometimesseemingtodivineapurpose.

Fromthestandpointofdailylife,however,thereisonethingwedoknow:thatmanishereforthesakeofothermen—aboveallforthoseuponwhosesmileandwell-beingourownhappinessdepends,andalsoforthecountlessunknownsoulswithwhosefateweareconnectedbyabondofsympathy.ManytimesadayIrealizehowmuchmyownouterandinnerlifeisbuiltuponthelaborsofmyfellowmen,bothlivinganddead,andhowearnestlyImustexertmyselfinordertogiveinreturnasmuchasIhavereceived.MypeaceofmindisoftentroubledbythedepressingsensethatIhaveborrowedtooheavilyfromtheworkofothermen.

Toponderinterminablyoverthereasonforone’sownexistenceorthemeaningoflifeingeneralseemstome,fromanobjectivepointofview,tobesheerfolly.Andyeteveryoneholdscertainidealsbywhichheguideshisaspirationandhisjudgment.Theidealswhichhavealwaysshonebeforemeandfilledmewiththejoyoflivingaregoodness,beauty,andtruth.Tomakeagoalofcomfortandhappinesshasneverappealedtome;asystemofethicsbuiltonthisbasiswouldbesufficientonlyforaherdofcattle.

【答案】我們?cè)谶@個(gè)世界上的處境很奇怪。每個(gè)人短暫來(lái)訪，不知原因。不過(guò)有時(shí)候似乎也會(huì)察覺(jué)到某種目的。

然而，從日常生活的角度來(lái)看，有一樣是確定的：人總是為了他人而活著。為了那些重要的人，他們的笑容和幸福是我們快樂(lè)的來(lái)源。也是為了數(shù)不清的陌生人，憐憫之心將我們與他們連系在一起。每天我都會(huì)多次意識(shí)到，我自己的物質(zhì)生活和精神生活，在多大程度上是建立在同胞的勞動(dòng)之上的，他們或活著，或者已經(jīng)逝去。意識(shí)到我必須多么努力地去付出，以回報(bào)我所得到的一切?？偢杏X(jué)我從他人的勞動(dòng)成果中獲取太多，為此我經(jīng)常惴惴不安。

總體上，在我看來(lái)，沒(méi)完沒(méi)了地思考自己存在的理由和生命的意義是非常愚蠢的行為。然而，每個(gè)人都有自己的理想來(lái)指引自己的抱負(fù)和是非判斷。始終在我面前閃耀著，讓我深感活著的喜悅的理想是善、美和真理。以舒適和幸福為目的的理想從來(lái)不能吸引我。建立在這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)之上的倫理體系只能適用于一群牲畜。

15.單選題

______totheRevolutionaryWar,theUnitedStateswasanEnglishcolony.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Prior

B.Before

C.Preceding

D.Following

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)prior“先前的，優(yōu)先的”，B項(xiàng)before“之前”，C項(xiàng)preceding“在……之前，在前的”，D項(xiàng)following“其次的，接著的”。根據(jù)句子可知，priorto固定搭配，表示“在……之前”。句意：獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之前，美國(guó)是英國(guó)的殖民地。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide-thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)-richandtheinfo-poor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.

Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess…afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmoregovernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.

Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential.Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn'thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondWaveinfrastructureincludingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon…werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.

TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou’regoingtobe.Thatdoesn’tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.ButitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.

1.Digitaldivideissomething（）.

2.GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit（）.

3.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof（）.

4.Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon（）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsforeigninvestmentseemstobe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet

B.therichcountriesareresponsiblefor

C.theworldmustguardagainst

D.consideredpositivetoday

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.offerseconomicpotentials

B.canbringforeignfunds

C.cansoonwipeoutworldpoverty

D.connectspeopleallovertheworld

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.providingfinancialsupportoverseas

B.preventingforeigncapital’scontrol

C.buildingindustrialinfrastructure

D.acceptingforeigninvestment

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.howwelldevelopeditiselectronically

B.whetheritisprejudicedagainstimmigrants

C.whetheritadoptsAmerica’sindustrialpattern

D.howmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporations

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.negative

C.indifferent

D.pessimistic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：數(shù)字鴻溝是_______。通過(guò)題干關(guān)鍵詞“dig