考研考博-英語-嘉應(yīng)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-嘉應(yīng)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

______evidenceofheliumsawitasabrightyellowlineinspectroscopestheyaimedatthesun.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thefirstpeoplewhosaw

B.Thefirstpeoplesaw

C.Thefirstpeoplewhohaveseen

D.Thefirstpeoplehadseen

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語從句。Thefirstpeople是先行詞，在定語從句中作主語，因此who不能省略，故排除B和D，C項(xiàng)用的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示從過去到現(xiàn)在，時(shí)態(tài)不符，看到“evidenceofhelium”是發(fā)生在過去，與后面“aimedat”過去時(shí)保持一致，用see的一般過去式即可，句意：最早看到氨跡象的人們還以為是分光鏡里面的一條明亮的黃線，當(dāng)時(shí)他們正用分光鏡對(duì)準(zhǔn)太陽，因此A正確。

2.單選題

Theinsectthat______afinemistneatlyandquicklycannotbesimplypouredintoabottle.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spurs

B.sprays

C.squashes

D.spreads

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)spurs“鞭策；促進(jìn)；策馬前進(jìn)；緊貼主干剪短”；B選項(xiàng)sprays“噴；掃射”；C選項(xiàng)squashes“把……壓扁；擠進(jìn)，塞入；壓制，抑制；打斷，制止；去除，粉碎；斷然拒絕；把……鎮(zhèn)住，使無言以對(duì)”；D選項(xiàng)spreads“傳播；伸展；散布；展開；鋪開”。句意：這種可快速均勻地噴灑成細(xì)霧的驅(qū)蟲劑并非是簡(jiǎn)單地注入瓶中的。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.論述題

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingontheremark’'Livingwithoutanaimislikesailingwithoutacompass"Youcangiveexamplestoillustrateyourpointandthenexplainwhatyouwilldotomakeyourlifemoremeaningful.Youshouldwriteatleast200words.PutyouressayonAnswerSheet.PartICloze

【答案】略

4.單選題

Theeffort____skepticismfrompsychologistswhofinditfrivolous.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.protests

B.proposes

C.probates

D.provokes

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.protests抗議B.proposes建議

C.probates核實(shí)遺囑D.provokes引起

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)賓搭配

【解題思路】空格處所填動(dòng)詞搭配的賓語為“心理學(xué)家的懷疑”，只有D選項(xiàng)provokes“引起”可以與之搭配。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)與賓語“心理學(xué)家的懷疑”搭配不當(dāng)。

【句意】這種努力引起了心理學(xué)家的懷疑，他們認(rèn)為這種努力毫無意義。

5.單選題

Lastweekthefinancialmanageraskedfora（）toBeijingbranch,whichwasjustsetupthreemonthsago.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transfer

B.transmission

C.transformation

D.transport

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)transfer“（地點(diǎn)的）轉(zhuǎn)移，（工作的）調(diào)動(dòng)”；B選項(xiàng)transmission“傳遞，傳送；播送”；C選項(xiàng)transformation“轉(zhuǎn)化，轉(zhuǎn)換”；D選項(xiàng)transport“運(yùn)輸”。根據(jù)句意“上個(gè)星期財(cái)務(wù)部經(jīng)理申請(qǐng)轉(zhuǎn)去三個(gè)月前剛成立的北京分公司”，本句表示工作上的調(diào)動(dòng)，句中whichwasjustsetupthreemonthsago作非限制性定語從句，修飾Beijingbranch,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Ifthework-forcerespectedyou,youwouldn’tneedto（）yourauthoritysooften.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.affirm

B.restrain

C.assert

D.maintain

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析題。affirm“斷言；肯定”；restrain“抑制”；assert“聲稱；堅(jiān)持；維護(hù)”；maintain“保持”，根據(jù)respected“尊重”可知此處對(duì)應(yīng)的是“維護(hù)權(quán)威”，表示維護(hù)權(quán)威或者捍衛(wèi)權(quán)威是要用動(dòng)詞assert，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。句意為：如果工人們尊重你，你就不需要總是維護(hù)你的權(quán)威。

7.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingChineseintoEnglish.

對(duì)于希望利用中國大量廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力的國內(nèi)外企業(yè)來說，多年來，中國沿海制造業(yè)中心一直是生產(chǎn)基地的上上之選。然而，自今年5月份以來，中國境內(nèi)勞資爭(zhēng)端明顯增多，加之人民幣走強(qiáng)以及政府采取行動(dòng)遏制污染和產(chǎn)能過剩，表明這種低成本的生產(chǎn)模式己不再穩(wěn)固。

【答案】Overtheyears,China’scoastalmanufacturingcenterhasalwaysbeenthebestchoiceforproductionbasesforenterprisesathomeorabroadwhowanttotakeadvantageofthelargenumberofChinesecheaplabors.However,sinceMaythisyear,thesignificantincreaseofindustrialdisputes,theappreciationofRMBaswellastheactionsadaptedbygovernmentsinordertocurbpollutionandexcesscapacityshowthatthiskindofproductionpatterninlowcostisnolongerstable.

8.單選題

Mymothercamehereonlyfora______stay.ShewouldflytoLosAngelesthenextday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.premature

B.transient

C.shortened

D.prolonged

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)premature“草率的；提早的”；B選項(xiàng)transient“短暫的”；C選項(xiàng)shortened“縮短的”；D選項(xiàng)prolonged“長(zhǎng)期的”。句意：我母親來這里______停留。第二天她將飛往洛杉磯。根據(jù)第二天就要走，可知這里指的是短暫停留，B選項(xiàng)transient“短暫的”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Ifyouholdontoawinningattitude,you’llmakeagreatereffortandalsocreatepositivemomentum.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.influence

B.strength

C.outlook

D.consequence

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。momentum表示“動(dòng)量，動(dòng)力”；A項(xiàng)influence“影響”，B項(xiàng)strength“力量，力氣”，C項(xiàng)outlook“展望，態(tài)度，觀點(diǎn)”，D項(xiàng)consequence“結(jié)果”。句意：如果你堅(jiān)持一種必勝的態(tài)度，你就會(huì)做出更大的努力，也會(huì)創(chuàng)造積極的勢(shì)頭。根據(jù)句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Doctorsareresearchingthehealthbenefitsofredwine,specificallytheapparentlywondrouspowersofresveratrol,apolyphenolthatisfoundintheskinofgrapesandisthoughttopreventillnessandpromotelongevity.Thiswasn’tthefirsttimetrumpetingthevirtuesofredwine;in1991,itcalledattentiontotheso-calledFrenchParadox,whichassumedthatthelowrateofheartdiseaseinFrance,despiteanationaldietgloriouslyabundantinrichfoods,wasduetothecountry’shugeconsumptionofredwine,Thatreportfannedanobsessiveinterestinthenutritionalandtherapeuticpropertiesofwine.ThisseemstobeaparticularlyAmericanfixation,anditraisesanintriguingquestion:Whyarewe-Americans-soanxioustofindjustificationsfordrinkingwinebeyondthefactthatittastesgoodandwelikeit?

Obviously,scientistsaren’tinvestigatingwine’sphysiologicalimpactbecausetheyarecamouflageforthewineindustryandwanttoencourageAmericanstodrink;theresearchisbeingpursuedandtheresultsdisseminatedbecauseitappearsthattherereallyisalinkbetweenredwineandwell-being.Itisnowwidelyrecognizedthatmoderateredwineconsumption-generallydefinedadoneortwo5-ounceglassesadayforwomenandtwoorthreeformen,drunkwithfood-increasesHDLcholesterol.The“good”cholesterolthatremoverfattydepositsfromarteries.Inaddition,scientistshavedeterminedthattheflavonoidsinredwinehaveananticoagulanteffectthatcanhelppreventbloodclotsleadingtoheartattacks.

ResveratrolisalsosaidtohavearoleinpreventingclotsandisbelievedtoinhibittheproductionofLDLcholesterol-thebadkind.Resveratrolseemstobetheomnipotentingredientinredwine-a“vascularpipe-cleaner,”asDr.ChristophWestphalandHarvardbiochemistDavidSinclairputit,whoseresearchsuggeststhatresveratrolcandelaytheagingprocessandpreventmanygerontologicaldiseases.Afewyearsago,scientistsreportedthatresveratrolmaydiscouragetheonsetofonesuchillness,Alzheimer.Itisalsoclaimedthatthisantioxidantcanbooststamina,reducelunginflammationstemmingfromchronicpulmonarydisease,andhelppreventcancer.Inthefallof2008,UniversityofPittsburghscientistsevenreportedthatresveratrolmightoffersomeprotectionagainstradiationpoisoning.

1.Theauthorreferstothe“FrenchParadox”(Line4,Para1)inorderto（

）.

2.ThelastsentenceinParagraph1implies

（

）.

3.Theauthor’spurposeisto

（

）.

4.Inthelastparagraph,“Alzheime”isstatedasanexampleof（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.explainallformerstudieshavefailedtodiscoverthemedicalfunctionofredwine

B.givemoreinformationonanewly-foundscientificdiscoveryofredwine

C.advocatefurtherstudyshouldbeconductedonthenationaldietofFrance

D.showit’shardtodecidewhetherredwineresultsinlowerheartdiseaserateinFrance

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Americansarealwayscurioustofindoutscientificevidencefortheirdiet

B.aslongasweliketheflavorofwine,wecanjustgoaheadtohavemore

C.Americanshaveforlonghadaverystronginterestinraisingquestions

D.peoplecancontinuedrinkingredwineregardlessofitstasteandeffect

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.narrate

B.instruct

C.criticize

D.explain

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theagingprocess

B.chronicpulmonarydisease

C.gerontologicaldisease

D.radiationpoisoning

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。題目提問‘作者提到(第4行，第1段)“法國悖論”是為了……?！鶕?jù)第一段第二句中的“Thiswasn’tthefirsttimetrumpetingthevirtuesofredwine;in1991,itcalledattentiontotheso-calledFrenchParadox.這已經(jīng)不是第一次鼓吹紅酒的好處了，1991年呼吁人們注意所謂法國悖論就是其中的一次。”確定B選項(xiàng)‘為關(guān)于紅酒的新科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)提供更多信息‘正確。

2.推斷題。題目提問‘第1段的最后一句意味著……?！鶕?jù)第—段最后一句“ThisseemstobeaparticularlyAmericanfixation,anditraisesanintriguingquestion:Whyarewe-Americans-soanxioustofindjustificationsfordrinkingwinebeyondthefactthatittastesgoodandwelikeit?這似乎是一種特別的美國情結(jié)，它提出了一個(gè)耐人尋味的問題：為什么我們美國人如此渴望找到喝酒的理由，而不只是因?yàn)樗兜篮茫椅覀兿矚g它?”確定這里作者想說的是“想喝酒就喝吧，不要找其它理由”，所以B選項(xiàng)‘只要酒的味道是我們喜歡的，我們就可以直接多喝些‘正確。

3.推斷題。題目提問‘作者的目的是……。’根據(jù)文中由第一段第二句中的“Thiswasn’tthefirsttimetrumpetingthevirtuesofredwine.這不是第一次鼓吹紅酒的好處?！敝械膖rumpeting（鼓吹）以及第—段最后一句“ThisseemstobeaparticularlyAmericanfixation,anditraisesanintriguingquestion:Whyarewe-Americans-soanxioustofindjustificationsfordrinkingwinebeyondthefactthatittastesgoodandwelikeit?這似乎是一種特別的美國情結(jié)，它提出了一個(gè)耐人尋味的問題：為什么我們美國人如此渴望找到喝酒的理由，而不只是因?yàn)樗兜篮?，而且我們喜歡它?”可以確定作者的態(tài)度是帶有批評(píng)意味的，C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.推斷題。題目提問‘在最后一段，“阿爾茨海默病”是作為一個(gè)……例子?！鶕?jù)最后一段第一句中的“whoseresearchsuggeststhatresveratrolcandelaytheagingprocessandpreventmanygerontologicaldiseases.研究表明白藜蘆醇可以延緩衰老過程，預(yù)防許多老年疾病?！迸c第二句中的“Afewyearsago,scientistsreportedthatresveratrolmaydiscouragetheonsetofonesuchillness.幾年前，科學(xué)家報(bào)告說，白藜蘆醇可能會(huì)阻止這種疾病的發(fā)生.”兩句的關(guān)系（前面提出與后面證明）確定第二句中的onesuchillness（Alzheimer）與第一句中的manygerontologicaldiseases是相互對(duì)應(yīng)的，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

“Twohundredeightmillion,twohundredninemillion,twohundredtenmillion...”ThatisthesoundofsolidwastehittingthebottomofgarbagecansalloverUnitedStatesin1996.Solidwastesarematerialsthatarediscardedorthrownawayafterusebyconsumersandbusinesses.Thisdoesnotincludefluidmaterials.Duringthatyear,Americansthrewaway210milliontons(about43pounds/20kilogramsperpersondaily)ofgarbage.Wethrowaway12.4milliontonsofglassandabout80milliontonsofpaperproducts.Americaalsothrowsawaylargeamounts(intons)offoodscraps,yardwastes,plastics,sludgefromsewagetreatmentplants,andothermaterials.Thatisalmostamountainofgarbage.

Eventhoughwemakeanefforttorecycleandcompostoursolidwaste,theamountofwastekeepsincreasingeachyear.Ourbiggestproblemiswheretoputthesolidwasteandhowtokeepitfrompollutingourenvironment.Ifsolidwasteisdisposedofincorrectly,itcancontaminateoursurfaceandundergroundwatersupplies.Currently,ourmunicipalwasteorwastecollectedbyourcitiesandtowns,goestolandfills.Today,about85%ourgarbagegoestolandfillsorgarbagedumps.Thiswastemustbetreatedtokeeprats,fliesandotheranimalsfrombuildingtheirhomeinthelandfills.Thetreatalsopreventsthegrowthofbacteriaandotherorganismthatcarrydiseases.So,howdowehandlethismountainofgarbage?Scientistshavecomeupwithdifferentmethodsforhandlingourwasteproblem.

OnetypeofwastedisposalcalledsanitarylandfillwasfirstusedinFresnoCalifornia,in1937.Insanitarylandfill,thesolidwasteisspreadinthinlayersthatcompactedandcoveredwithalayerofearth.Thisisamoreexpensivemethod,butittakesawaythehazardsthatarecausedbylandfills.Italsoallowedthelandtobeusedforbuildingorrecreation.Thenegativeofthelandfillsisthatit’stoughtofindopenlandandthisprocessisveryexpensive.Thelandalsoneedsitswatersourcesprotectedsothatthewaterwillnotpollutethewatersupply.Landfill(waterdumps)andsanitarylandfillsrelyonthenaturalbiodegradabilityofthesolidwastes.Solidwastearebiodegradableiftheycandecayorbreakdownthroughtheactionoflivingorganismsandreturntotheearth.Howevercertainmaterialstakelongertodecaythanothers,andsomematerialsdonotdecayordecomposeatall.Scientistsneedtofindothermethodsofwastedisposal.Incinerationandrecyclingaremethodsthatarecurrentlyinusetoday.

1.Thispassageisaboutdisposalproblemofsolidwaste（）.

2.Fromthearticlewecaninferthat（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,about（）isdumpedtolandfills.

4.Theword“recycle”(Line1,Paragraph2)means（）.

5.Accordingtothearticle,whichoneofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.byconsumers

B.inCalifornia

C.bymunicipalgovernment

D.inAmerica

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.treatmentofthesolidisahardnuttocrack

B.solutionforproperdisposalwillbefoundsoon

C.Californiasetagoodexampleinsolidwastein1930s

D.thegovernmentremainsconfidentaboutthesolidwaste

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.12.4milliontonsofgarbage

B.80milliontonsofgarbage

C.85%ofthegarbage

D.92.4tonsofgarbage

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.tosendsomethingfaraway

B.tothrowsomethingawaytotherightplace

C.toconvertwasteintoreusablematerial

D.toturnintofertilizers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Solidwastedoesnotincludefluidmaterials.

B.SanitarylandfillisatypeofwastedisposalmethodonceusedinCalifornia.

C.Burningisnotamethodthatisusedtoday.

D.Compostingisstilloneofthewaystohandlethemountainofgarbage

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“ThatisthesoundofsolidwastehittingthebottomofgarbagecansalloverUnitedStates.”可知，本文主要講的是全美國的固體垃圾處理問題，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.信息歸納題。根據(jù)原文可知，盡管我們一直在為處理固體垃圾不斷努力，但每年廢棄物的數(shù)量都在不斷增加，由此可知，這是一個(gè)棘手的難題，選項(xiàng)A正確；焚燒和回收是目前正在使用的方法，科學(xué)家需要找到其他廢物處理方法，由此可知這是一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的過程，所以選項(xiàng)B不正確；根據(jù)最后一段，加州雖然首次使用了衛(wèi)生填埋的方法，但存在很多弊端，所以選項(xiàng)C不正確；選項(xiàng)D在文中沒有提及。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段“Today,about85%ourgarbagegoestolandfillsorgarbagedumps.”大約85%的垃圾進(jìn)入了垃圾填埋場(chǎng)或垃圾場(chǎng)。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.詞義推斷題?！皉ecycle”指循環(huán)利用。選項(xiàng)C將廢物轉(zhuǎn)化為可重復(fù)使用的材料，正確。

5.是非判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Thisdoesnotincludefluidmaterials.”可知選項(xiàng)A正確；根據(jù)第三段第一句“OnetypeofwastedisposalcalledsanitarylandfillwasfirstusedinFresnoCalifornia.”可知選項(xiàng)B正確;根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Incinerationandrecyclingaremethodsthatarecurrentlyinusetoday.”可知選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第二段第一句“Eventhoughwemakeanefforttorecycleandcompostoursolidwaste”可知選項(xiàng)D正確。所以本題選C。

12.單選題

Howcanwefinishtheworkinthe（）ofanyotherhelpers?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shortage

B.haste

C.deficiency

D.absence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)shortage“缺乏，不足”。B選項(xiàng)haste“匆忙，急忙”。C選項(xiàng)deficiency“缺陷，缺點(diǎn)”。D選項(xiàng)absence“缺席，缺少，沒有”。句意：如果沒有其他幫手，我們?cè)趺茨芡瓿蛇@項(xiàng)工作呢?本句表示“缺乏幫手的話，難以完成這項(xiàng)工作”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.問答題

(A)Defineambitionandyouinstantly(B)revealagreatdealaboutyourself:Eventhatmostneutralofworks,Webster's,initsSeventhNewCollegiateEdition,(C)givesitselfoff,(D)definingambitionfirstandforemostas“anardentdesireforrank,fameandpower.”

【答案】C；改成givesitselfaway

14.單選題

Successfulscientistsalwayscheckstatementsandmakenewexperimentscarefullyandobjectivelyto______them.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.infuse

B.verify

C.restore

D.refute

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.infuse灌輸；充滿B.verify核實(shí)，查證

C.restore恢復(fù)，還原；歸還D.refute反駁，駁斥

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子意思“成功的科學(xué)家總是仔細(xì)地、客觀地檢查陳述，并進(jìn)行新的實(shí)驗(yàn)來______它們”可知，新的實(shí)驗(yàn)一般都是用來證實(shí)一些結(jié)果或者發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以B項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】成功的科學(xué)家總是仔細(xì)地、客觀地檢查陳述，并進(jìn)行新的實(shí)驗(yàn)來驗(yàn)證它們。

15.單選題

Mysupplyofconfidenceslowly（）asthedeadlineapproached.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abolished

B.eliminated

C.diminished

D.exterminated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。abolish“廢除”；eliminate“消除，排除”；diminish“減少，縮小”;exterminate“消除；根除”。主語是confidence“信心”，與之搭配的動(dòng)詞是diminish，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

16.翻譯題

Itisacommonprobleminthenon-familyownedprivatelimitedcompany:shareholder/directorwantstoretireorleavethebusiness,butoneormoreofhisfellowshareholders/directorswanttocontinue.1.Itiseasyenoughforadirectortoretire,butthelikelihoodisthathewillwanttocashinonhisshareswhichhaveaccumulatedsomevalueovertheperiodofhisparticipationinthebusiness.Frequently,though,hisfellowshareholder/director(s)donothavethefinancialresourcestoacquirethesharesattheirmarketvalue.Awidevarietyofoptionsexist,butpurchaseofownsharesbythecompanyisoneofthemostuseful.

Purchaseofownsharesisexactlywhatsaysitis:thecompanyacquiresthesharesfromtheshareholders.Inprinciple,itisasimpleconceptbutonewhichiscoveredbyanumberofveryimportantlegislativeprovisions,bothincompanyandtaxlaw.2.Althoughatfirstsightthelegislationappearstoobstructwhatmightotherwisebeasimpleprocess,itactuallyexisttofacilitatethepurchase,whileprotectingthecreditors(sofarascompanylawisconcerned).Infact,theprovisionaretoonumeroustocoverindetailinafewwordsandthisarticleisdesignedtooutlinetherules,regulationsandoptions.

3.Itwasalwaysthecasethatacompanycouldnotacquireitsownshares,becauseindoingsoitwasobtainingownershipofitself,whichiscontrarytothemostfundamentallegalprinciplessurroundingthenatureandexistenceofcompanies.TheCompanyAct1981changedallthatandtheprovisionsitintroducedarenowincorporatedintotheCompanyAct1985.

4.Inessence,providedacompanyispermittedtodosobyitsMemorandumandArticlesofAssociation,anycompanycannowacquireitsownshares(subjecttotherebeingatleastoneleft).Becausepurchaseofownsharesisarelativelyrecentinnovation,manycompanies’MemorandumandArticlesofAssociationdonotcontainthisprovisionbutappropriateprovisionscanbeincludedbySpecialResolution,requiringa75%majority.

5.Althoughthepurchasemustnormallybemadeoutoftheproceedsofafreshissueofsharesandorofdistributableprofits,importantprovisionexistforprivatecompaniestomakethepurchaseoutofcapital.Ifdistributableprofitsareinsufficientthen,providedthecompanyissolventaftertheredemptionandisbelievedbydirectorstobegoingconcernforafurtheryear,thenthepurchasecangoahead.

【答案】1.對(duì)一個(gè)董事來說，只是想退休很容易，但他可能想要將他在參與公司經(jīng)營期間積累了一定價(jià)值的股份變現(xiàn)。

2.雖然乍一看，這項(xiàng)立法似乎阻礙了原本可能簡(jiǎn)單的程序，但它實(shí)際上是為了在促進(jìn)購買的同時(shí)保護(hù)債權(quán)人（就公司法而言）的權(quán)利。

3.通常情況下，一個(gè)公司不能購買自己的股份，因?yàn)檫@樣做是獲得自己的所有權(quán)，這違反了關(guān)于公司的性質(zhì)和存在的最基本的法律原則。

4.從本質(zhì)上來說，只要一家公司的組織大綱和章程允許它這樣做，任何公司現(xiàn)在都可以收購自己的股份（前提是至少還有一股剩下）。

5.盡管這種購買通常必須用新發(fā)行的股票和（或）可分配利潤的收益進(jìn)行，但對(duì)私營公司來說，也存在可以用資本購買的重要規(guī)定。

17.翻譯題

Toourview,thefuturebelongstothosewhowillknowhowtoperceivethemysteriousborderlinewhichseparatestheuglyfromthebeautiful.Thisphilosophyhasdominatedmostofthegreatcivilizationsofthepastandisfundamentallyourownwesternwayoflookingattheworld.

Iamconfidentthatwithabetterunderstandingofeachother,therewillbealsoacorrespondingmodificationofourattitudestowardtheachievementsoftheJapanesepeople.

Itisonlythroughstrongertiesamongallofus,throughtherealizationofatrulytriangularworldofcooperativeeffortinwhichtheUnitedStates,Europe,andJapanwillbeabletoreinforcetheirrespectiveties,thatonewillbecapableofplanningthegeneralscenarioofthe21stcentury,andthiswithinabroaderpictureofinternationalcooperationamongallcivilizedpeopleofthisplanet.

【答案】我們認(rèn)為，未來屬于那些知道如何感知美和丑之間的神秘界線的人。在過去的大部分時(shí)間里，這種觀點(diǎn)一直是主流，而且也是我們西方看待世界的主要方式。

我相信，如果我們能更好地彼此理解，我們對(duì)待日本人民取得的成就的態(tài)度就會(huì)發(fā)生相應(yīng)的改變。

只有通過我們之間的密切合作，在美國、日本和歐洲之間建立真正的三角合作關(guān)系，加強(qiáng)彼此的聯(lián)系，我們才能規(guī)劃21世紀(jì)的宏偉藍(lán)圖，要做到這一點(diǎn)，需要這個(gè)星球上所有文明民族的共同合作。

18.翻譯題

金銀玉器是一個(gè)總稱，通指對(duì)金、銀等金屬材質(zhì)及玉石進(jìn)行鍛煉、雕琢加工而成的佩戴裝飾品或觀賞工藝品。

我國金銀器的制造和使用已有三千多年的歷史。在商代青銅文化聞名于世的同時(shí)，就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了金器。從傳世文物上來看，金銀器品種繁多，應(yīng)用廣泛。小到金銀首飾，大到佛塔供器，無不可以發(fā)現(xiàn)金銀器的蹤影。普通人家只是將金銀器用作佩飾可收藏，官宦人家則更用作飲食、生活用具，而宮廷中金銀器的使用則遍及佛事、飲食起居、冠服車馬、陳設(shè)裝飾等各個(gè)方面。從中可以想見金銀器對(duì)我們傳統(tǒng)文化及日常生活的深刻影響。

玉器是指用玉石手工雕刻琢磨而成，用于佩戴裝飾或陳設(shè)觀賞的藝術(shù)品。早期的玉器多用作禮器，少數(shù)用作佩飾。從良渚、紅山文化遺址中出土的古玉來看，新石器時(shí)期的玉器用作祭祀、陪葬的禮器外，還有辟邪的神秘意味，同時(shí)還是權(quán)力、財(cái)富和尊貴的象征，用玉的階層也只限于王公貴族。宋代以后，玉器的使用逐漸普及，大量的玉器皿、玉佩飾也進(jìn)入了尋常百姓之家。玉在中國傳統(tǒng)文化中具有特殊的意義，中國也贏得了“玉器之國”的美譽(yù)。

【答案】Gold,silverandjadewaresarethegenericterm,whichusuallyreferstobaldricorornamentalartsandcraftspolishedandcarvedoutofmetalmaterialslikegoldandsilverandjade.

Themanufactureanduseofgoldandsilverwarehasalreadyhadahistoryofmorethan3000yearsinourcountry.Goldwarehasappearedwhilebronzeculturewaswell-knownintheworldintheShangdynasty.Accordingtoculturalrelicshandeddownfromancienttimes,therearemanycategoriesinthegoldandsilverwarethathasbeenappliedinmanyfields.Goldandsilverwarescanbeseenanywhere,rangingfromgoldandsilverjewellerytoBuddhisttowerandworshippingutensils.Goldandsilverwaresaremerelyusedasbaldricthatcanbecollectedinaveragefamily,andtheyarefurtherusedasdietandlifeappliancesinanofficialfamily.Buttheuseofgoldandsilverwaresinthepalaceinvolvesallrespects,suchasBuddhistceremony,dietanddailylife,crownclothingandcoach,furnishingsanddecoration,etc.,fromwhichwecanimaginethattheinfluenceofgoldandsilverwareshasbeenreflectedprofoundlyinourtraditionalcultureanddailylife.

Jadewarereferstotheworkofartmanuallycarvedandpolishedoutofjadeandusedforwearingandornamentationorfurnishingsandappreciation.Mostoftheearlyjadeswereusedasritualvessel,andthenumberofbaldricisverysmall.IntermsofancientjadesunearthedintheLiangzhuandHongshanculturalrelics,apartfrombeingusedasritualvesselsinsacrificialandfuneraryactivities,jadewareintheNeolithicperiodalsohadthemysteriousmeaningofprotectingagainstevilspirits,aswellasasymbolofpower,wealth,anddignity.Furthermore,theuseofjadewaslimitedtoroyaltyandnobility.AftertheSongDynasty,theuseofjadearticlewasmoreandmorepopular,mostofjadewaresorjadeornamentscouldbeseenincommonfamily.JadeisendowedwithaspecialmeaninginthetraditionalChineseculture,andChinahasalsowonagoodreputationof“countryofjade”.

19.單選題

Sometimesthetensionproducedbyfearsissogreatthatwecannotsuppressit.Atsuchtimesweneedto_____thetensionbylaughingorcrying.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discard

B.disperse

C.disguise

D.discharge

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)discardv.拋棄，丟棄；B選項(xiàng)dispersev.分散，使散開，傳播；C選項(xiàng)disguisev.掩飾，假裝；D選項(xiàng)dischargev.排放，釋放，卸貨。根據(jù)句意可知，有時(shí)恐懼造成的緊張，我們無法自行克制，這時(shí)就需要哭泣或者怒吼來釋放壓力。因此，正確答案為D。

20.單選題

W:Goodtoseeyou.Youlookfatterandbetter.

M:Thanks.Ihadalotofexerciseanddrankvegetablejuiceeveryday.

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Themanusedtobeunhealthy

B.Themandoesn’thaveasmuchexerciseasheusedto.

C.Themanatealoteveryday.

D.Themanhasbecomeabetterperson

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)女士的話“你看起來更胖，更好了?！笨芍狣選項(xiàng)‘這個(gè)人變得更好了’正確。

21.翻譯題

Whatisthebestexercisetocontrolhighbloodpressure?Takeyourpick,asthebestexercisetocontrolhighbloodpressureseemstobevirtuallyanyexercise,likewalkingorcyclingorlightweighttraining,especiallyifyourworkoutsarespreadthroughouttheday.

“Evenstandingmightwork,”saysGlennGaesser,thedirectoroftheHealthyLifestylesResearchCenteratArizonaStateUniversityandanexpertonexerciseandhypertension.Exerciselowersbloodpressureinlargepartbyalteringbloodvesselstiffnesssobloodflowsmorefreely.Thiseffectoccursduringandimmediatelyafteraworkout,sotheblood-pressurebenefitsfromexercisearemostpronouncedrightafter,youworkout.Asaresult,thebestwaytofighthypertensionmaybetodivvyupyourworkoutintobite-sizepieces.

Ina2012studybyDr.Gaesser,three10-minutewalksspreadthroughoutthedaywerebetteratpreventingsubsequentspikesinbloodpressure—whichcanindicateworseningbloodpressurecontrol—thanone30-minutewalk.Andifevena10-minutewalksoundsdaunting,trystandingmoreoften.InanotherstudyledbyDr.GaesserandpublishedinAugust,overweightvolunteerswithbloodpressureproblemswereaskedtositcontinuouslyduringaneight-hourworkdaywhiletheirbloodpressurewasmonitored.Thereadingswere,asexpected,unhealthy.

Butwhen,duringanotherworkday,thosevolunteersstoodupeveryhourforatleast10minutes,theirbloodpressurereadingsimprovedsubstantially.Thereadingswereevenbetterwhen,onadditionalworkdays,thevolunteersstrolledatapokey1-mile-per-hourpaceattreadmilldesksforatleast10minuteseveryhourorpedaledunder-deskexercisebikesforthesamenumberofminuteseveryhour.

“Exerciseintensitydoesnotappeartoplayanysignificantrole”inhelpingpeoplecontrolbloodpressure,Dr.Gaessersays.Movementiswhatmatters.Sogoforastrollafewtimesduringthedayorsimplystandupmoreoftentodevelophealthierbloodpressure.

【答案】【參考譯文】

控制血壓的最佳鍛煉方式是什么？任何鍛煉都好，幾乎所有運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)控制血壓都非常有效，比如步行、騎車或是輕的負(fù)重練習(xí)，全天式的鍛煉會(huì)讓減壓效果更好。

亞利桑那州立大學(xué)健康生活方式研究中心的主任格林?蓋瑟爾是位鍛煉與高血壓方面的專家，他認(rèn)為“哪怕站著也會(huì)有幫助。”鍛煉降低血壓的原因，主要是因?yàn)檫\(yùn)動(dòng)可以改善血管硬度使得血流更加通暢。這樣的效果在鍛煉中和鍛煉后都會(huì)馬上顯現(xiàn)，因而在剛剛運(yùn)動(dòng)完其降壓效果尤其明顯。結(jié)論就是最好的對(duì)抗高血壓的方式，是類似少食多餐那樣進(jìn)行少量多次的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

在蓋瑟爾2012年發(fā)表的一篇報(bào)告中，他建議將一天運(yùn)動(dòng)量均分為3個(gè)時(shí)長(zhǎng)為10分鐘的步行，這樣比一次步行30分鐘相比可以更好預(yù)防血壓出現(xiàn)峰值，血壓峰值出現(xiàn)往往意味著控壓惡化。甚至說如果10分鐘步行聽著都有些嚇人的話，那就多站站。蓋瑟爾博士主導(dǎo)過另一項(xiàng)研究并將成果于8月出版，研究要求一些超重并有高血壓?jiǎn)栴}的志愿者在8小時(shí)的工作日里一直坐在座位上，同時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)其血壓，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)血壓讀數(shù)如預(yù)料的一樣非常不健康。

但在另一個(gè)工作日，當(dāng)要求這些志愿者每小時(shí)至少站立10分鐘后，他們的血壓讀數(shù)顯著改善。接著在另外一個(gè)工作日，這些志愿者需要每小時(shí)用帶跑步機(jī)的書桌慢速走10分鐘（配速為每小時(shí)1英里/1.6公里），或者用桌下型蹬車器每小時(shí)練習(xí)10分鐘，鍛煉后的血壓讀數(shù)改善得更為顯著。

蓋瑟爾博士稱就輔助人們控制血壓方面來說，“鍛煉強(qiáng)度起不到什么作用。”運(yùn)動(dòng)起來才是關(guān)鍵。所以每天多走幾步或多站幾次來打造健康血壓吧。

22.填空題

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(41)Intheelectroencephalographicsenseweshareitwithalltheprimatesandalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackasfarasthereptiles.

Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreaminganddreamless,dependonthelifestyleoftheanimal,andthatpredatorsarestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,whichareinturnmuchmorelikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.(42)Dreamlesssleepismuchshallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcatsordogscockingtheirearstoasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleepisrareamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnaturalselection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighlyevolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeepsleepthanthesmartones.Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?(43)

Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.(44)Coulditbethat,ratherthanincreasingananimal’svulnerability,RayMeddisofLondonUniversityhassuggestedthistobethecase.Itisconceivablethatanimalsthataretoostupidtobequiteontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.(45)

A.Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.

B.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohideintheocean.

C.Thisisaninterestingnotionandprobablyatleastpartlytrue.

D.Sleepisveryancient.

E.Whyshouldastateofsuchdeepimmobilizationeverhaveevolved?

F.Deeplyinvolvedwiththisnewtechnologyisabreedofmodernbusinesspeoplewhohaveagrowingrespectfortheeconomicvalueofdoingbusinessabroad.

【答案】41.D

42.A

43.E

44.B

45.C

【解析】41.第一段的句子中提到了extendback，意為“追溯”，而且后面兩段提到了一個(gè)關(guān)鍵復(fù)現(xiàn)詞sleep，所以第一段開頭填D項(xiàng)“睡眠是非常古老的”正確。

42.第二段第一句提到了dreaming和dreamless，第三句講了dreamless，所以這里是對(duì)dreaming和dreamless分別敘述，第二句肯定是和dream相關(guān)的，故A項(xiàng)“在有夢(mèng)睡眠中，動(dòng)物被有力地固定住，對(duì)外界刺激明顯沒有反應(yīng)”正確。

43.第二段倒數(shù)第三句提到“與聰明的動(dòng)物相比，愚蠢的動(dòng)物在深度睡眠時(shí)不太會(huì)動(dòng)彈”，然后就提出了一個(gè)問題Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?（但他們?yōu)槭裁匆蒙钅兀浚?，并且第二段提到了一個(gè)highlyevolved，所以結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，該題選擇E項(xiàng)“為什么會(huì)進(jìn)化出這樣一種深度靜止的狀態(tài)？”正確。

44.最后一段開頭提到了dolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepvery