考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川華新現(xiàn)代職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川華新現(xiàn)代職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatpeoplewhorefuseto（）withthelawwillbepunished.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.comply

B.conceal

C.consent

D.abide

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞搭配。complywith“遵守,順從”;conceal“隱藏,隱瞞”;consent“同意,贊成”;abide“持續(xù),忍受”。句意:不用說(shuō),拒絕遵守法律的人都將受到懲罰。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

2.單選題

Ⅵ.(Jurisprudence)

Greenbergpronouncesmyuseofthephrase“theoryofadjudication”“unusual”,andIamafraidIcanonlyreturnthecompliment,withonequalification:“theoryofadjudication”hasnostandardusageatall,sowritingasthoughthereisausualmeaningis,itself,“unusual”.Iwasquiteclear,asGreenberg’sdiscussionreveals,aboutwhatImeantbyit,andsotherealquestioniswhetheranyoneiscommittedtoaFoundationalistStoryaboutthetheoryofadjudication.Greenberg,however,makesthesurprisingclaimthatnooneissocommitted.RecognizingthatDworkinisonepossibletargetoftheRealistcritiqueasIreconstructit,Greenbergclaimsthat“theright-answerthesisisnotcentraltoDworkin’sproject.”Theright-answerthesis—theideathateverycasehasarightanswerasamatteroflaw—wouldbeanexampleofaFoundationalistStoryaboutadjudication,andsotheRealistcritiquewouldthenhaveapotent,livingtarget.WhenGreenbergclaimstheFoundationalistaspectofDworkin’stheoryisn’tcentralheisnotmakingaclaimabouttheamountofeffortDworkindevotestodefendingtheright-answerthesis,whichisobviouslysubstantial.Greenberg’srealclaimisthattheDworkinofLaw’sEmpireisnotnecessarilycommittedtotheright-answerthesis.IratheragreewithGreenbergthatDworkin“ismostconcernedtoestablish...thatlawdependsinaparticularwayonmorality”andthat“theright-answerthesis...isadownstreamconsequenceofhisoveralltheoryoflawinconjunctionwithhisviewaboutmorality”.Sofar,thisisjustacomplicatedadmissionthatDworkinacceptsaFoundationalistStoryaboutadjudication;thebestGreenbergcandoistoassert“thatmostofDworkin’sargumentscouldsucceedconsistentwiththefalsityoftheright-answerthesis.”GreenbergdoesnotshowthatthisisDworkin’sview,anditiscertainlynotDworkin’sviewinhisearlywork,sincethe“retroactivity”objectiontolegalpositivismturns,quiteclearly,onthetruthoftheright-answerthesis.GreenbergmaybecorrectthatonecouldhaveaviewaboutthenatureofmoralitydifferentthanDworkin’sandgiveuptheright-answerthesis:JohnMackiewouldbeacaseinpoint,thoughnottheoneGreenberghasinmind,andnotoneDworkinwouldbehappywith.ButnoneofthischangesthefactthattheactualRonaldDworkinholdsatheoryofadjudicationinvolvingtheFoundationalistStorybecauseheholdsaparticularviewaboutlawandmorality.

71.Greenbergpronouncestheuseofthephrase“theoryofadjudication”“unusual”.Theauthorrebutthecomment____.

72.Theessenceoftheright-answerthesisisthat___.

73.Fromtheunderlinedsentence,onecanknowthat___.

74.Readingthewholeparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrong?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cynically

B.byfightingback

C.withdisagreement

D.withagreement

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.nooneiscommittedtoaFoundationalistStoryaboutthetheoryofadjudication

B.itisnotcentraltoDworkin’sproject

C.itisapotent,livingtargetoftheRealistcritique

D.everycasehasarightanswerasamatteroflaw

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.GreenburgdidnotthinkofJohnMackie

B.JohnMackiegaveuptheright-answerthesis

C.DworkinwasnothappywithJohnMackie

D.JohnMackiedecidedacase,whichreflectsGreenburg’stheory

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theauthorisbasicallyafoundationalistscholar.

B.TheauthorisarguingwithMr.Greenburg.

C.TheauthordoesnotagreewithDworkingtheory.

D.Greenburgmaybecorrectinoneaspect.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】71.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文開(kāi)頭Greenbergpronouncesmyuseofthephrase“theoryofadjudication”“unusual”,andIamafraidIcanonlyreturnthecompliment,withonequalification:“theoryofadjudication”hasnostandardusageatall,sowritingasthoughthereisausualmeaningis,itself,“unusual”.（格林伯格宣布我使用的短語(yǔ)“審判理論”是“不尋常的”，恐怕我只能用一個(gè)限定詞來(lái)回敬：“審判理論”根本沒(méi)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用法，因此，似乎有通常意義的寫(xiě)作本身就是“不尋常的”）可知作者是通過(guò)提出自己的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)反駁格林伯格的觀點(diǎn)，選B選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)反擊”；A選項(xiàng)“冷笑”，C選項(xiàng)“與之有分歧”以及D選項(xiàng)“與之協(xié)議”都不符合原文。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

72.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“theright-answer”定位到原文Theright-answerthesis—theideathateverycasehasarightanswerasamatteroflaw—wouldbeanexampleofaFoundationalistStoryaboutadjudication,andsotheRealistcritiquewouldthenhaveapotent,livingtarget.（正確答案命題——即每個(gè)案例在法律問(wèn)題上都有正確答案的想法——將是一個(gè)關(guān)于裁決的基礎(chǔ)主義故事的例子，因此現(xiàn)實(shí)主義批判就有了一個(gè)有力的、活生生的目標(biāo)）可知選D選項(xiàng)“作為一項(xiàng)法律問(wèn)題，每個(gè)案例都有正確答案”，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有人致力于一個(gè)關(guān)于裁決理論的基礎(chǔ)主義故事”，C選項(xiàng)“它是現(xiàn)實(shí)主義批判的一個(gè)有力的、活生生的目標(biāo)”錯(cuò)誤，并不是正確答案命題的本質(zhì)；B選項(xiàng)“這不是德沃金項(xiàng)目的中心”也不能回答正確答案命題的本質(zhì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題，排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

73.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到劃線句子部分GreenbergmaybecorrectthatonecouldhaveaviewaboutthenatureofmoralitydifferentthanDworkin’sandgiveuptheright-answerthesis:JohnMackiewouldbeacaseinpoint,thoughnottheoneGreenberghasinmind,andnotoneDworkinwouldbehappywith.（格林伯格可能是正確的，人們可以有一個(gè)不同于德沃金的關(guān)于道德本質(zhì)的觀點(diǎn)，并放棄正確答案的論點(diǎn)：約翰?麥凱將是一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)睦?，盡管不是格林伯格心目中的那個(gè)，也不是德沃金會(huì)滿意的）可以判斷出德沃金對(duì)約翰?麥凱不太滿意，選C選項(xiàng)“德沃金對(duì)約翰?麥基不滿意”；A選項(xiàng)“格林伯格沒(méi)有想到約翰?麥基”和原文相悖；B選項(xiàng)“約翰?麥基放棄了正確答案的論點(diǎn)”劃線句子未涉及，排除；D選項(xiàng)“約翰?麥基決定了一個(gè)案件，這反映了格林伯格的理論”和原文相悖。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

74.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。閱讀原文可知作者只是在客觀的評(píng)價(jià)各個(gè)學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn)，而不是基礎(chǔ)主義方法論者，選A選項(xiàng)“作者基本上是一位基礎(chǔ)主義學(xué)者”；根據(jù)原文Greenbergpronouncesmyuseofthephrase“theoryofadjudication”“unusual”,andIamafraidIcanonlyreturnthecompliment,withonequalification:“theoryofadjudication”hasnostandardusageatall,sowritingasthoughthereisausualmeaningis,itself,“unusual”.（格林伯格宣布我使用的短語(yǔ)“審判理論”是“不尋常的”，恐怕我只能用一個(gè)限定詞來(lái)回敬：“審判理論”根本沒(méi)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用法，因此，似乎有通常意義的寫(xiě)作本身就是“不尋常的”）可知B選項(xiàng)“作者正在和格林伯格先生爭(zhēng)論”符合原文；由原文IratheragreewithGreenbergthatDworkin“ismostconcernedtoestablish...thatlawdependsinaparticularwayonmorality”andthat“theright-answerthesis...isadownstreamconsequenceofhisoveralltheoryoflawinconjunctionwithhisviewaboutmorality”.（我相當(dāng)同意格林伯格的觀點(diǎn)，即德沃金“最關(guān)心的是確定……法律以一種特定的方式依賴于道德”，“正確答案理論……是他整體法律理論和他關(guān)于道德的觀點(diǎn)的下游結(jié)果”）可知C選項(xiàng)“作者不同意德沃金理論”，作者認(rèn)為德沃金的理論是下游結(jié)果，以及D選項(xiàng)“在某一方面，格林伯格可能是正確的”符合原文。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.翻譯題

學(xué)問(wèn)是自己的事，不能依靠別人。環(huán)境好，圖書(shū)設(shè)備充足，有良師益友指導(dǎo)啟發(fā)，當(dāng)然有很大的幫助，但是這些條件具備，也不一定能保證一個(gè)人在學(xué)問(wèn)上就有成就。世間也有不少在學(xué)問(wèn)上有成就的人，并不具備這些條件。最重要的因素，還是個(gè)人自己的努力。求學(xué)是一件艱苦的事，許多人不能忍受那必經(jīng)的艱苦，所以不能得到成功。

【答案】Learningisone'sownbusiness,andonecannotrelyonothers.Obviouslyitwillbeveryhelpfultolearnknowledgeifonehasgoodconditions,suchasgoodenvironment,enoughbooksandequipmentandguidanceandenlightenmentsfromscholarlymentorsandbeneficialfriends.However,eveniftheseconditionsareprovided,itisnotsurethatonewillhavesuccessinlearning.Therearemanypeoplemakingachievementinlearningwithnothoseconditions.Themostimportantfactorinlearningliesintheindividual'sownendeavor.Learningistough,andmanypeoplecannotbearthehardshiptheymustexperience,sothattheycannotachievesuccess.

4.單選題

Toalleviatetheproblemofcontaminatedchicken,theexpertsrecommendthatthegovernmentshiftitsinspectionemphasisfromcursorybird-by-birdvisualchecktoamore______randomsamplingforbacterialandchemicalcontamination.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rigorous

B.perfunctory

C.symbolic

D.discreet

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rigorous“嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)厲的；嚴(yán)密的；嚴(yán)酷的”；B選項(xiàng)perfunctory“敷衍的；馬虎的；得過(guò)且過(guò)的”；C選項(xiàng)symbolic“象征的；符號(hào)的；使用符號(hào)的”；D選項(xiàng)discreet“謹(jǐn)慎的；小心的”。句意：為緩解雞的污染問(wèn)題，專(zhuān)家們建議政府把檢查重點(diǎn)從走馬觀花式的肉眼檢查改為進(jìn)行更為_(kāi)_____的對(duì)細(xì)菌和化學(xué)污染進(jìn)行隨機(jī)取樣檢查。根據(jù)shift“改變”可知，橫線處應(yīng)填一個(gè)與cursory“粗略的”意思相反的詞。且由檢查重點(diǎn)從肉眼檢查到改進(jìn)為對(duì)細(xì)菌和化學(xué)污染隨機(jī)取樣檢查，可知檢查推向深入，較以前更加嚴(yán)格，A選項(xiàng)rigorous“嚴(yán)格的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Somepeopleviewlifeasa(n)（

）conflictbetweentheforcesofgoodandevil.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.external

B.internal

C.maternal

D.eternal

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析題。根據(jù)句意‘一些人把生活看作是正義力量與惡勢(shì)力之間的一種外部沖突?！芍菍⑸羁醋魇且环N外部沖突。A選項(xiàng)external“外部的，外部”;B選項(xiàng)internal“內(nèi)部的”；C選項(xiàng)maternal“母性的”；D選項(xiàng)eternal“永恒的”。A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thesaleofalcoholsbeveragesis（

）tothoseabove21insomeregions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confined

B.inhibited

C.obliged

D.restricted

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“限制”的意思，其中A選項(xiàng)confine暗示束縛性、限制性的或阻撓性的限制；B選項(xiàng)inhibit強(qiáng)調(diào)禁止、抑制；C選項(xiàng)oblige除了“限制”外，還有“迫使”的含義，D選項(xiàng)restrict指限制行為、活動(dòng)、事物的范圍；句意是‘在有些地區(qū)，酒精飲料只能出售給21歲以上的成年人?！訢選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Aconservativemanalways（）hostilitytothechangesthattakeplaceinthecontemporaryworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cherish

B.embrace

C.embody

D.harbour

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:cherish“珍愛(ài)”；B:embrace“包括；擁抱”；C:embody“表現(xiàn)，象征”；D:harbour“隱匿；懷著；包含，藏有”。句意：一個(gè)保守的人總是對(duì)當(dāng)今世界發(fā)生的變化懷有敵意。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和句意可知D為正確答案。

8.單選題

Hisshirtfactoryisgrowingsofastthathemust（

）moreworkers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeon

B.takeup

C.takeout

D.takeover

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。takeon意為“承擔(dān)，接受，雇用”；takeup意為“開(kāi)始從事”；takeout意為“取出，除去”；takeover意為“接收，接管”。

句意：他的襯衫工廠發(fā)展很快，以至于他必須雇傭更多的工人。

9.單選題

Theuseofseatbeltsis（

）inmanycountriesintheworld;failuretowearthemmayresultinfines.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.covert

B.cruel

C.compulsory

D.constrained

【答案】C

【解析】covert隱藏的，隱秘的；cruel殘忍的，殘酷的；compulsory強(qiáng)制的，義務(wù)的；constrained不自然的，過(guò)于受約束的。句意：世界上許多國(guó)家對(duì)安全帶的使用是強(qiáng)制性的，不戴可能會(huì)被罰款。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

10.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Youheartherefrainallthetime:theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn’tfeelgood.Whydoesn’tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluentSocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.

TheAffluentSocietyisamodernclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.Formostofhistory,“hunger,sickness,andcold”threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote.“Povertywasfoundeverywhereinthatworld.Obviouslyitisnotofours.”AfterWorldWarⅡ,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe1930sunemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.

ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,companiesconditionedconsumerstobuythingstheydidn’treallywantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeopleinstinctively—andwrongly—labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessaryevil”.

It’softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.Well,therearemanyundeserving,rich—overpaidchiefexecutives,forinstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople’sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to$43,200.Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon’tsatisfytheirrisingwants—forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections.

Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfearthey’vebecome“thedisposableAmerican”,asLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.

Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalofwidespreadaffluencesuggestedutopianpossibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlessphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.

Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,promisingthateveryonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestinesmanydisappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownandobesity.Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.

Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We’vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalwaysendwithhappiness.

1.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?

2.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause______.

3.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?

4.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”(Para.5)?

5.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whystatisticsdon’ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.

B.Whyaffluencedoesn’tguaranteehappiness.

C.Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.

D.Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.publicspendinghasn’tbeencutdownasexpected

B.thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevil

C.theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepression

D.materialismhasrunwildinmodernsociety

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.

B.Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.

C.Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweentherichandthepoor.

D.HeathcareandeducationalCosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.

B.Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.

C.PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.

D.Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Renewedeconomicsecurity.

B.Asenseofself-fulfilment.

C.Newconflictsandcomplaints.

D.Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?1.約翰?肯尼斯?加爾布雷斯在他的《富裕社會(huì)》一書(shū)中提出了什么問(wèn)題？

A.Whystatisticsdon’ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.A.為什么統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)不能反映經(jīng)濟(jì)的真相。

B.Whyaffluencedoesn’tguaranteehappiness.B.為什么富裕并不能保證幸福。

C.Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.C.如何在今天提升幸福。

D.Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.D.經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮背后的原因。

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第一段第二、三句“為什么越來(lái)越多的財(cái)富不能帶來(lái)越來(lái)越多的幸福呢？這個(gè)問(wèn)題至少可以追溯到1958年約翰?肯尼斯?加爾布雷斯所著的《富裕社會(huì)》一書(shū)?！崩斫饪芍?，約翰?肯尼斯?加爾布雷斯在他的《富裕社會(huì)》一書(shū)中提出了為什么越來(lái)越多的財(cái)富不能帶來(lái)越來(lái)越多的幸福這個(gè)問(wèn)題，B項(xiàng)“為什么富裕并不能保證幸?！狈项}意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“為什么統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)不能反映經(jīng)濟(jì)的真相”、C項(xiàng)“如何在今天提升幸?！焙虳項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮背后的原因”都不是在《富裕社會(huì)》一書(shū)中提出的問(wèn)題，這三項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause______.2.加爾布雷斯認(rèn)為，人們感到不滿是因?yàn)開(kāi)_____。

A.publicspendinghasn’tbeencutdownasexpectedA.公共支出并沒(méi)有像預(yù)期的那樣被削減

B.thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevilB.政府已經(jīng)被證明是必定邪惡

C.theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepressionC.他們擔(dān)心另一場(chǎng)大蕭條

D.materialismhasrunwildinmodernsocietyD.現(xiàn)代社會(huì)物質(zhì)主義泛濫成風(fēng)

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第一句“在加爾布雷斯看來(lái)，物質(zhì)主義已經(jīng)變得非常瘋狂（materialismhadgonemad），并且會(huì)滋生不滿情緒”理解可知，人們感到不滿是因?yàn)槲镔|(zhì)主義泛濫，該題選擇D項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代社會(huì)物質(zhì)主義泛濫成風(fēng)”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“公共支出并沒(méi)有像預(yù)期的那樣被削減”根據(jù)第三段最后一句“與此同時(shí)，本可以讓每個(gè)人生活更好的政府開(kāi)支卻被削減了，因?yàn)槿藗儽灸艿厍义e(cuò)誤地將政府貼上了‘必定邪惡’的標(biāo)簽”可知，公共支出被削減了，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

B項(xiàng)“政府已經(jīng)被證明是一個(gè)必要的邪惡”，這只是人們?yōu)檎N的標(biāo)簽，與人們不滿無(wú)關(guān)，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

C項(xiàng)“他們擔(dān)心另一場(chǎng)大蕭條”沒(méi)有提到，該項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?3.為什么當(dāng)平均收入大幅增長(zhǎng)時(shí)，人們會(huì)感到壓力？

A.Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.A.他們的物質(zhì)追求遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了他們的收入。

B.Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.B.他們的購(gòu)買(mǎi)力隨著通貨膨脹而明顯下降。

C.Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweentherichandthepoor.C.財(cái)富在富人和窮人之間分配不均。

D.HeathcareandeducationalCosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.D.醫(yī)療保健和教育費(fèi)用不知何故已失去控制。

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第四段最后一句“人們感到‘被擠壓’，因?yàn)樗麄儾粩嘣鲩L(zhǎng)的收入往往無(wú)法滿足他們不斷增長(zhǎng)的需求——更大的房子，更多的醫(yī)療保健，更多的教育，更快的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)連接”理解可知，人們會(huì)感到壓力是因?yàn)椴粩嘣鲩L(zhǎng)的收入無(wú)法滿足不斷增長(zhǎng)的物質(zhì)需求，A項(xiàng)“他們的物質(zhì)追求遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了他們的收入”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“他們的購(gòu)買(mǎi)力隨著通貨膨脹而明顯下降”，人們的物質(zhì)需求不斷增長(zhǎng)，也就是說(shuō)購(gòu)買(mǎi)力會(huì)增加，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“財(cái)富在富人和窮人之間分配不均”和D項(xiàng)“醫(yī)療保健和教育費(fèi)用不知何故已失去控制”沒(méi)有提到，這兩項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”(Para.5)?

4.路易斯?烏奇特利在第5段所說(shuō)的“被拋棄的美國(guó)人”是什么意思？

A.Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.A.把工作穩(wěn)定性視為生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的一部分。

B.Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.B.因富裕而充滿烏托邦思想的人。

C.PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.C.在美國(guó)政治上幾乎沒(méi)有發(fā)言權(quán)的人。

D.Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.D.不再有穩(wěn)定工作的人。

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第五段“人們把工作穩(wěn)定性視為生活水平的一部分。隨著公司裁員的增加，這部分已經(jīng)被侵蝕。越來(lái)越多的工人擔(dān)心自己成為‘被拋棄的美國(guó)人’，正如路易斯?烏奇特利在他的同名書(shū)中所說(shuō)的那樣?！睆闹欣斫饪芍?，“被拋棄的美國(guó)人”指的是因?yàn)楣静脝T而被迫失業(yè)，即失去穩(wěn)定的工作，D項(xiàng)“不再有穩(wěn)定工作的人”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“把工作穩(wěn)定性視為生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的一部分”是成為“被拋棄的美國(guó)人”的原因，而不是其暗含的意思，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

B項(xiàng)“因富裕而充滿烏托邦思想的人”和“被拋棄的美國(guó)人”無(wú)關(guān)，該項(xiàng)屬于出處錯(cuò)位；

C項(xiàng)“在美國(guó)政治上幾乎沒(méi)有發(fā)言權(quán)的人”原文沒(méi)有提到，該項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?5.富裕給美國(guó)社會(huì)帶來(lái)了什么？

A.Renewedeconomicsecurity.A.新的經(jīng)濟(jì)安全。

B.Asenseofself-fulfilment.B.自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的感覺(jué)。

C.Newconflictsandcomplaints.C.新的沖突和抱怨。

D.Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.D.痛苦和反社會(huì)行為。

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第六段最后一句“不幸的是，富裕也產(chǎn)生了新的抱怨和矛盾”可知，富裕給美國(guó)社會(huì)帶來(lái)了新的抱怨和矛盾，C項(xiàng)“新的沖突和抱怨”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“新的經(jīng)濟(jì)安全”和B項(xiàng)“自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的感覺(jué)”沒(méi)有提到，這兩項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D項(xiàng)“痛苦和反社會(huì)行為”根據(jù)第六段二、三句“在某種程度上，富裕是成功的。身體上的痛苦比以前少了很多?！笨芍?，富裕減輕了痛苦，該項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。

11.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Richard,KingofEnglandfrom1189to1199,withallhischaracteristicvirtuesandfaultscastinaheroicmould,isoneofthemostfascinatingmedievalfigures.Hehasbeendescribedascreatureandsymboloftheageofchivalry.Inthosedaysthelionwasmuchadmiredinheraldry,andmorethanonekingsoughttolinkhimselfwithitsfame.WhenRichard’scontemporariescalledhim“CoeurdeLion”(TheLionHeart),theypaidalastingcomplimenttothekingofbeasts.LittledidtheEnglishpeopleowehimforhisservices,andheavilydidtheypayforhisadventures.HewasinEnglandonlytwiceforafewshortmonthsinhistenyears’reign;yethismemoryhasalwaysbeeninEnglishhearts,andseemstopresentthroughoutthecenturiesthepatternofthefightingman.Inalldeedsofbraveryaswellasinlargeschemesofwar,Richardshone.Hewastallanddelicatelyshaped,stronginnerveandmuscles.Herejoicedinpersonalcombat;andborenoill-willagainsthisopponents.Helovedwar,notsomuchforthesakeofgloryorpoliticalends,butasothermenlovescienceorpoetry,fortheexcitementofthestruggleandtheglowofvictory.Bythis,hiswholetemperamentwastoned;andunitedwiththehighestqualitiesofthemilitarycommander,loveofwarcalledforthallthepowersofhismindandbody.

Althoughamanofbloodandviolence,Richardwastooimpetuoustobeeithertreacherousorhabituallycruel.Hewasasreadytoforgiveashewashastytooffend;hewasopen-handed;inwarcarefulindesignandskilfulinexecution;inpoliticsachild,lackingintacticandexperience.Hispoliticalallianceswereformeduponhislikesanddislikes;hispoliticalschemeshadneitherunitynorclearnessofpurpose.Theadvantagesgainedforhimbymilitarygeniuswereflungawaythroughdiplomaticineptitude.When,onthejourneytotheEast,MessinainSicilywaswonbyhisarms,hewaseasilypersuadedtosharewithhispolished,faithlessally,PhilipAugustus,fruitsofavictorywhichmorewiselyusedmighthavefailedtheFrenchKing’sartfulschemes.TherichandtenableacquisitionofCypruswascastawayevenmoreeasilythanitwaswon.Hislifewasonemagnificentparade,which,whenended,leftonlyanemptyplain.

In1199,whenthedifficultiesofraisingrevenuefortheendlesswarwereattheirheight,goodnewswasbroughttoKingRichard.ItwassaidtherehadbeendugupnearthecastleofChaluz,onthelandsofoneofhisFrenchvassals,atreasureofwonderfulqualify:agroupofgoldenimagesofanemperor,hiswife,sonsanddaughters,seatedroundatable,alsoofgold,hadbeenunearthed.TheKingclaimedthistreasureaslordparamount.ThelordofChaluzresistedthedemand,andtheKinglaidsiegetohissmall,weakcastle.Onthethirdday,herodedaringly,nearthewall,confidentinhishard-triedluck,aboltfromacrossbowstruckhiminleftshoulderbytheneck.Thewound,alreadydeep,wasworsenedbythenecessarycuttingoutofthearrow-head.Gangrenesetin,andCoeurdeLionknewthathemustpayasoldier’sdebt.Hepreparedfordeathwithcourageandcalmandinaccordancewiththeprincipleshehadfollowed.Hearrangedhisaffairs,hedividedhispersonalbelongingsamonghisfriendsorgavethemtocharity.HedeclaredJohntobehisheir,andmadeallpresentswearfaithfulnesstohim.Heorderedthearcherwhohadshotthefetalbolt,andwhowasnowaprisoner,tobebroughtbeforehim.Hepardonedhimandmadehimagiftofmoney.ForsevenyearshehadnotconfessedforfearofbeingcompelledtobereconciledtoPhilip,butnowhereceivedtheofficesoftheChurchwithsincereandexemplarypiety,anddiedintheforty-secondyearofhisageonApril6,1199,worthy,bytheconsentofallmen,tositwithKingArthurandRolandasanotherheroofmartialromanceatsomeEternalRoundTable,whichwetrusttheCreatoroftheUniverseinHiscomprehensionwillnothaveforgottentoprovide.

Thearcherwasskinnedalive.

1.“LittledidtheEnglishpeopleowehimforhisservice”(Paragraph1)meansthattheEnglish（）.

2.Tosaythathislifewasa“magnificentparade”(Paragraph2)impliesthatitwastosomeextent（）.

3.ThepointofthelastshortparagraphisthatRichardwas（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingphrasebestdescribesRichardasseenbytheauthor?

5.Therelationshipbetweenthefirstandsecondparagraphsisthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.paidfewtaxestohim

B.gavehimlittlerespect

C.receivedlittleprotectionfromhim

D.hadnorealcausetofeelgratefultohim

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.spentchieflyatwar

B.impressiveandadmirable

C.livedtooprosperously

D.anemptyshow

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.cheatedbyhisownsuccessors

B.determinedtotakerevengeonhisenemies

C.moregeneroustohisenemiesthanhissuccessors

D.unabletoinfluencethebehaviorofhissuccessors

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Anaggressiveking,toofondofwar.

B.Abravekingwithminorfaults.

C.Acompetentbutcunningsoldier.

D.Akingwithgreatpoliticalskills.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.eachpresentsonesideofthepicture

B.thefirstgeneralizeswhilethesecondgivesexamples

C.thesecondisthelogicalresultofthefirst

D.bothpresentRichard’svirtuesandfaults

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到第一段第五句話“LittledidtheEnglishpeopleowehimforhisservices,andheavilydidtheypayforhisadventures”（英國(guó)人很少有能感激他幫助的方面，卻為他的冒險(xiǎn)付出了沉重的代價(jià)）可知英國(guó)人沒(méi)有真正的理由對(duì)他表示感激，且owe具有感激的意思。A選項(xiàng)“很少向他交稅”沒(méi)有原文依據(jù)；B選項(xiàng)“不尊重他”、C選項(xiàng)“幾乎沒(méi)有得到他的保護(hù)”兩項(xiàng)均說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，他在人們心中是一個(gè)戰(zhàn)士的形象，所以人們是很尊重他的，也得到了其保護(hù)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“magnificentparade”定位到第二段最后一句話“Hislifewasonemagnificentparade,which,whenended,leftonlyanemptyplain”（他的一生就像一場(chǎng)華麗的游行，當(dāng)游行結(jié)束時(shí)，只剩下一片空曠的平原）可知這里的magnificentparade是一片空曠的平原，即D選項(xiàng)徒勞的表演與語(yǔ)義相符。A選項(xiàng)“主要用于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”說(shuō)法過(guò)于絕對(duì)；B選項(xiàng)“令人印象深刻欽佩”沒(méi)有原文依據(jù)；C選項(xiàng)“生活得太富?！闭f(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，在后面甚至背上了債務(wù)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到本文最后一段“Thearcherwasskinnedalive”（弓箭手被活剝了皮），再結(jié)合第三段的倒數(shù)第二句話“Hepardonedhimandmadehimagiftofmoney”（他赦免了他，并給了他一筆錢(qián)）可知理查德不能影響他的繼任者的行為。A選項(xiàng)“被自己的繼任者欺騙”、B選項(xiàng)“他決心向他的敵人報(bào)仇”、C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)他的敵人比他的繼任者更慷慨”在文中沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到第一段的第七句話“Inalldeedsofbraveryaswellasinlargeschemesofwar,Richardshone”（在所有的英勇行為和大規(guī)模的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)計(jì)劃中，理查德都很出色）可知他是很英勇的；再結(jié)合第二段的第一句話“Althoughamanofbloodandviolence,Richardwastooimpetuoustobeeithertreacherousorhabituallycruel”（雖然理查德是一個(gè)充滿血腥和暴力的人，但他太沖動(dòng)了，既不奸詐，也不殘忍）可知理查德是一位英勇的國(guó)王，但也犯了很多錯(cuò)誤，所以B選項(xiàng)與題意相符。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)好斗的國(guó)王，太喜歡戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)了”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，理查德不是好斗的，只是喜歡戰(zhàn)斗，但是對(duì)對(duì)手沒(méi)有惡意；C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)有能力但狡猾的士兵”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“具有高超政治技巧的國(guó)王”，理查德在政治上就像個(gè)孩子，缺乏策略和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到第二段的第一句話“Althoughamanofbloodandviolence,Richardwastooimpetuoustobeeithertreacherousorhabituallycruel.”（雖然理查德是一個(gè)充滿血腥和暴力的人，但他太沖動(dòng)了，既不奸詐，也不殘忍）可知第一段描述了理查德喜歡戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，第二段便寫(xiě)到他不是天生就是血腥和暴力的，由此推測(cè)一、二兩段分別描述了理查德的不同方面。B選項(xiàng)“第一個(gè)是概括，第二個(gè)是舉例”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，兩者是并列的，只是介紹了理查德的不同方面；C選項(xiàng)“后者是前者的邏輯結(jié)果”、D選項(xiàng)“兩者都展示了理查的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)”均說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，這兩段是并列的關(guān)系，不是因果關(guān)系，且沒(méi)有都介紹了其優(yōu)點(diǎn)與缺點(diǎn)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Themanagerwouldratherhisdaughter______inthesameoffice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadnotworked

B.nottowork

C.doesnotwork

D.didnotwork

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：經(jīng)理寧愿他的女兒不和他在同一個(gè)辦公室工作。wouldrather后接句子時(shí)，句子謂語(yǔ)通常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的愿望。在這里沒(méi)有明確表明和女兒在同一個(gè)辦公室工作的事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生，而是表示將來(lái)，希望這樣的事情不會(huì)發(fā)生，所以從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，D選項(xiàng)didnotwork符合題意。A選項(xiàng)hadnotworked是過(guò)去完成時(shí)，用于已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情。B選項(xiàng)nottowork和C選項(xiàng)doesnotwork語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen's.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatterorfrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinitestructuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses-thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargerandprobablyricherinnervefibresthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis"What?'*,and,ifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinborn,aresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforwordhanding,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetter

connections.

Butitisn'tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat"languagesubjects"andboysbetteratmathsandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshan'tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.Whichofthefollow