考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川電影電視學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川電影電視學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theyoungmathteachergaveherstudentsextraworktodobecauseshewas______byallthenoiseandthetalkingintheclassroom.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exasperated

B.aggregated

C.perturbed

D.assailed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)exasperate“激怒，使惱怒”，B項(xiàng)aggregate“集合，聚集”，C項(xiàng)perturb“擾亂，使……混亂”，D項(xiàng)assail“攻擊，質(zhì)問”。由Theyoungmathteachergaveherstudentsextraworktodo（這位年輕的數(shù)學(xué)老師給她的學(xué)生布置了額外的作業(yè)）和noiseandthetalkingintheclassroom（教室里的噪音和講話聲），結(jié)合常識(shí)，可知空格處填入A項(xiàng)符合。句意：這位年輕的數(shù)學(xué)老師給她的學(xué)生布置了額外的作業(yè)，因?yàn)樗唤淌依锏脑胍艉椭v話聲激怒了。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

2.翻譯題

WhenvisitingtheU.K.andlookingtoseewhatphonesthelocalsuse,oddsarethateveryotheronehasGoogleorAndroiddeviceinhand.ResearchfromKantarWorldpanelComTechbywayoftheMobileBusinessBriefingindicatesthatAndroidphonescommanda49.9percentmarketshareintheU.K.,upfrom29percentayearago.MuchoftheAndroidsharecomesattheexpenseofacompetitoryoumightexpecttobehurtingtoobadly:Apple’siPhone.

ThereareafewreasonsIcanthinkofthatexplainthenumbers,andIexpectabitofareversalinthenextsixmonthsorso.First,eventhoughtheiPhone4wasapopularmodelformorethanayear,otherAndroidphonesarrivedtothemarketbeforethetraditionalyearlyiPhonerefresh.IsuspectsomeintheU.K.decidednottowaitfortheiPhone4SandinsteadpurchasedanewSamsungorHTCdevice.Indeed,thesetwohandsetmakersaccountedfor83percentofallAndroidsalesintheU.K.inthethree-monthperiodendingOct.2.

【答案】答：

如果你在英國(guó)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)街上每?jī)蓚€(gè)人中就有一個(gè)使用的是安裝谷歌或安卓系統(tǒng)的智能手機(jī)。市場(chǎng)研究公司KantarWorldpanelComTech通過移動(dòng)商業(yè)簡(jiǎn)報(bào)完成的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，安卓手機(jī)在英國(guó)市場(chǎng)的市占率達(dá)49.9%，環(huán)比上升了29%。而安卓手機(jī)的市場(chǎng)份額大多數(shù)來(lái)自于蘋果公司的iPhone。

為什么市場(chǎng)份額會(huì)有這么大的變動(dòng)？我想原因有很多，而且我預(yù)計(jì)在未來(lái)六個(gè)月內(nèi)將有一定的反彈。首先，雖然iPhone4已經(jīng)流行了一年多，但更多的安卓手機(jī)趁蘋果公司新款發(fā)布會(huì)之前進(jìn)入了市場(chǎng)。我猜測(cè)一些人決定不再等待iPhone4S，轉(zhuǎn)而購(gòu)買了三星或者HTC的新款手機(jī)。截至十月二日，在過去的三個(gè)月期間，這兩大手機(jī)生產(chǎn)商占據(jù)了英國(guó)安卓手機(jī)83%的份額。

3.單選題

Themedicine（

）hispainbutdidnotcurehisillness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.activated

B.alleviated

C.mediated

D.deteriorated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。activate“刺激，激活”；mediate“調(diào)?！保籨eteriorate“惡化”，alleviate“減輕”。句意：這種藥物減輕了他的痛苦，但是沒有治愈他。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

Theplanforthenewofficetowerwentahead（）oflocalopposition.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onaccount

B.inthelight

C.out

D.regardless

【答案】D

【解析】句意：新建辦公樓的計(jì)劃已經(jīng)提前啟動(dòng)，當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦姆磳?duì)。onaccount因?yàn)?；inthelight因?yàn)椋罁?jù)；out出于；regardless不管。根據(jù)后半句，當(dāng)?shù)鼐用穹磳?duì)，還是提前啟動(dòng)了計(jì)劃，因此選D。

5.填空題

I’msorry,butIdon’thave（1）tothatsortofinformation.Perhapsifyouconsultmycolleaguesupstairs,theycan（2）you.

【答案】

Normal

0

7.8磅

0

2

false

false

false

EN-US

ZH-CN

X-NONE

1.access;

2.help

【解析】1.固定搭配。第一空為固定用法,haveaccessto有權(quán)查看或使用。

2.語(yǔ)義題。第二空應(yīng)填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞原形，句意:如果你咨詢我同事,他們會(huì)幫助你。此處填入help“幫助”符合句意。

6.單選題

Whydosomedesertplantsgrowtallandthinlikeorganpipes?Whydomosttreesinthetropicskeeptheirleavesyearround?WhyintheArctictundraaretherenotreesatall?Aftermanyyearswithoutconvincinggeneralanswers,wenowknowmuchaboutwhatsetsthefashioninplantdesign.

Usingterminologymorecharacteristicofathermalengineerthanofabotanist,wecanthinkofplantsasmechanismsthatmustbalancetheirheatbudgets.AplantbydayisstakedoutundertheSunwithnowayofshelteringitself.Alldaylongitabsorbsheat.Ifitdidnotloseasmuchheatasitgained,theneventuallyitwoulddie.

Plantsgetridoftheirheatbywarmingtheairaroundthem,byevaporatingwater,andbyradiatingheattotheatmosphereandthecold,blackreachesofspacetemperatureistolerablefortheprocessesoflife.PlantsintheArctictundralieclosetothegroundinthethinlayerofstillairthatclingsthere.AfootortwoabovethegroundarethewindsofArcticcold.TundraplantsabsorbheatfromtheSunandtendtowarmup;theyprobablybalancemostoftheirheatbudgetsbyradiatingheattospace,butalsobywarmingthestillairthatistrappedamongthem.AslongasArcticplantsareclosetotheground,theycanbalancetheirheatbudgets.Butiftheyshouldstretchupasatreedoes,theywouldlifttheirworkingparts,theirleaves,intothestreamingArcticwinds.ThenitislikelythattheplantscouldnotabsorbenoughheatfromtheSuntoavoidbeingcooledbelowacriticaltemperature.YourheatbudgetdoesnotbalanceifyoustandtallintheArctic.

Suchthinkingalsohelpsexplainothercharacteristicsofplantdesign.AdesertplantfacestheoppositeproblemfromthatofanArcticplant—thedangerofoverheating.Itisshortofwaterandsocannotcoolitselfbyevaporationwithoutdehydrating.Thefamiliarsticklikeshapeofdesertplantsrepresentsoneofthesolutionstothisproblem:theshapeexposesthesmallestpossiblesurfacetoincomingsolarradiationandprovidesthelargestpossiblesurfacefromwhichtheplantcanradiateheat.Intropicalrainforests,bywayofcontrast,thescorchingsunisnotaproblemforplantsbecausethereissufficientwater.

Thisworkingmodelallowsustoconnectthegeneralcharacteristicsoftheformsofplantsindifferenthabitatswithfactorssuchastemperature,availabilityofwater,andpresenceorabsenceofseasonaldifferences.OurEarthiscoveredwithapatchworkquiltofmeteorologicalconditions,andthepatternsofthispatchworkarefaithfullyreflectedbytheplants.

1.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsofplantsdoesthepassageprimarilyfocuson?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismostresponsibleforpreventingtreesfromgrowingtallintheArctic?

3.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe"sticklikeshapeofdesertplants"inLine3(Paragraph4)canbeattributedtothe（）

4.Allofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageascontributionstotheplants,balancingtheirheatEXCEPT.

5.WhichistheTRUEstatementaboutthedifferentplants?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theirabilitytogrowequallywellinallenvironments.

B.TheireffectsontheEarth'satmosphere.

C.Theirabilitytostorewaterfordryperiods.

D.Theirabilitytobalanceheatintakeandoutput.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thehard,frozenground.

B.Thesmallamountofavailablesunshine.

C.Thecold,destructivewinds.

D.Thelargeamountofsnowthatfallseachyear.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.inabilityoftheplantstoradiateheattotheairaroundthem

B.presenceofirregularseasonaldifferencesinthedesert

C.largesurfaceareathattheplantsmustexposetotheSun

D.extremeheatandaridityofthehabitat

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.radiatingheattotheatmosphere

B.warmingtheairaroundthem

C.absorbingheatfromthesun

D.evaporatingwater

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Arcticplantsexposethesmallestpossiblesurfacetoincomingsolarradiation.

B.Tropicalplantsareusuallynotaffectedbythestrongsunshine.

C.Desertplantsgrowdenselyclosetotheground.

D.Plantsindifferentregionsshownorelationstotheseasons.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:主旨思想題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句"plantsasmechanismsthatmustbalancetheirheatbudgets."植物作為生物體要保持熱量的平衡，之后的段落主要說(shuō)明植物是如何保持熱量平衡的。所以本文主要圍繞植物吸收與散發(fā)熱量的平衡來(lái)展開說(shuō)明。選項(xiàng)D正確。

第2題:根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，只要北極植物靠近地面，就能平衡熱量收支，如果北極植物過高，則會(huì)受到北極風(fēng)的影響，從而無(wú)法從太陽(yáng)吸收足夠的熱量。所以，北極植物長(zhǎng)得矮主要是受北極的風(fēng)影響，選項(xiàng)C正確。

第3題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段第三句"Itisshortofwaterandsocannotcoolitselfbyevaporationwithoutdehydrating"它缺少水，所以不脫水就不能通過蒸發(fā)來(lái)冷卻自己。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句"Plantsgetridoftheirheatbywarmingtheairaroundthem,byevaporatingwater,andbyradiatingheattotheatmosphere"。只有選項(xiàng)C沒有提及。

第5題:信息判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知選項(xiàng)A指的是沙漠植物而不是北極植物；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句"Intropicalrainforests,...thescorchingsunisnotaproblemforplants..."可知選項(xiàng)B正確；選項(xiàng)C描述的是北極植物；根據(jù)最后一段的第一句可知，不同地區(qū)的植物與季節(jié)相關(guān)，所以選項(xiàng)D也錯(cuò)誤。

7.單選題

Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudience（

）onbenches,chairsorboxes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.havingseated

B.seated

C.seating

D.havingbeenseated

【答案】B

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法?，F(xiàn)在分詞通常強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而過去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的，根據(jù)句意‘促銷通常在戶外進(jìn)行，人們坐在長(zhǎng)凳、椅子或盒子上’確定B選項(xiàng)的seated表示坐的狀態(tài)，正確。

8.單選題

Icutmyfingertwodaysagoandithasbecomebadly______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.infected

B.decayed

C.deteriorated

D.diseased

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)infected“受感染的，受細(xì)菌污染的”，B項(xiàng)decayed“腐爛的，腐敗的”，C項(xiàng)deteriorated“惡化的，已變質(zhì)的”，D項(xiàng)diseased“不健全的，患病的”。根據(jù)前面的句子Icutmyfingertwodaysago“兩天以前我切到了手指”可知，空格部分表示“感染”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：我兩天前割破了手指，現(xiàn)在感染得很嚴(yán)重。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

ItwascourageousenoughforGalileoto______thefallingobjecttheorydevelopedbyAristotle,theauthoritativeGreekscientist.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advance

B.defy

C.justify

D.translate

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)advance“（常指為攻擊而）前進(jìn)；（尤指知識(shí)）發(fā)展”；B選項(xiàng)defy“違抗；向……挑戰(zhàn)”；C選項(xiàng)justify“證明……有理”；D選項(xiàng)translate“翻譯；轉(zhuǎn)化”。句意：伽利略有足夠的勇氣______由權(quán)威的希臘科學(xué)家亞里斯多德提出的落體理論。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指伽利略為了科學(xué)的發(fā)展而質(zhì)疑落體理論，B選項(xiàng)defy“違抗；向……挑戰(zhàn)”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery（

）ofhismoney.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.economic

B.thrifty

C.frugal

D.careful

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。句意:雖然他已經(jīng)很富有了，但是他仍十分節(jié)儉。

economic經(jīng)濟(jì)的；thrifty節(jié)儉的，通常與with連用，例如bethriftywithmoney節(jié)約用錢；frugal節(jié)儉，通常與of連用，例如befrugalofone’smoney節(jié)約用錢;careful小心的。故選C。

11.單選題

Thegovernorwas______forwrongfuluseofstatemoney.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.implanted

B.impended

C.imbued

D.impeached

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.implanted植入B.impended即將發(fā)生，正在逼近

C.imbued灌輸，感染D.impeached彈劾，歸咎

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)空格后的句子意思“因挪用州政府的資金”，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)意思可知，Thegovernorwas______表示“州長(zhǎng)被彈劾了”；因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)都不符合語(yǔ)義邏輯。

【句意】這位州長(zhǎng)因挪用州政府的資金而被彈劾。

12.單選題

Ipreferhisplantoyours,（）itismorepracticalandeasiertobecarriedout.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.forwhich

B.inwhich

C.forthat

D.inthat

【答案】D

【解析】句意：與你的計(jì)劃相比，我更喜歡他的計(jì)劃，因?yàn)樗鼘?shí)際，更容易執(zhí)行。inthat表原因，符合句意。

13.單選題

Engines[A]usedinspaceshuttlesare[B]muchlargerand[C]morestrongthanthe[D]onesusedinthecars.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.used

B.muchlarger

C.morestrong

D.ones

【答案】C

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】比較級(jí)用法。

【解題思路】Strong的比較級(jí)是在其后面直接加er，所以要把morestrong改為stronger。該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【句意】航天飛機(jī)上使用的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)比汽車上使用的要大得多，也更堅(jiān)固。

14.單選題

AdamSmith,writinginthe1770s,wasthefirstpersontoseetheimportanceofthedivisionoflaborandtoexplainpartofitsadvantages.HegivesasanexampletheprocessbywhichpinsweremadeinEngland.

“Onemandrawsoutthewire;anotherstrengthensit;athirdcutsit;afourthpointsit;afifthgrindsitatthetoptoprepareittoreceivethehead.Tomaketheheadrequirestwoorthreeoperations.Toputitonisaseparateoperation,topolishthepinsisanother.Andtheimportantbusinessofmakingpinsis,inthismanner,dividedintoabouteighteenoperations,whichinsomefactoriesareallperformedbydifferentpeople,thoughinothersthesamemanwillsometimesperformtwoorthreeofthem.”

Tenmen,Smithsaid,inthisway,turnedouttwelvepoundsofpinsadayorabout4,800pinsperworker.Butifallofthemhadworkedseparatelyandindependentlywithoutdivisionoflabor,noneofthemcouldhavemadetwentypinsinadayandperhapsnotevenone.

Therecanbenodoubtthatdivisionoflaborisanefficientwayoforganizingwork.Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopmentandthatitaccountsforthedifferencebetweenexpandingeconomiesandthosethatstandstill.Butdivisionoflaboraddsnothingnew;itonlyenablespeopletoproducemoreofwhattheyalreadyhave.

1.Accordingtothepassage,AdamSmithwasthefirstpersonto（）.

2.AdamSmithsawthatthedivisionoflabor（）.

3.AdamSmithmentionedthenumber4,800inorderto（）.

4.Accordingtothewriter,AdamSmith’smistakewasinbelievingthatdivisionoflabor（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcouldserveasanappropriatetitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeadvantageofthedivisionoflabor

B.introducethedivisionoflaborintoEngland

C.understandtheeffectsofthedivisionoflabor

D.explainthecausesofthedivisionoflabor

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.enabledeachworkertomakepinsmorequicklyandmorecheaply

B.increasedthepossibleoutputperworker

C.increasedthenumberofpeopleemployedinfactories

D.improvedthequalityofpinsproduced

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.showtheadvantagesofthedivisionoflabor

B.showtheadvantagesoftheoldcraftsystem

C.emphasizehowpowerfultheindividualworkerwas

D.emphasizetheimportanceofincreasedproduction

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.wasanefficientwayoforganizingwork

B.wasanimportantdevelopmentinmethodsofproduction

C.certainlyledtoeconomicdevelopment

D.increasedtheproductionofexistinggoods

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.AdamSmith,theEnglishEconomist

B.TheTheoryofDivisionofLabor

C.DivisionofLabor,anEfficientWayofOrganizingWork

D.AdamSmith,theLastDiscovererofDivisionofLabor

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，AdamSmith是第一個(gè)認(rèn)識(shí)到勞動(dòng)分工的重要性并解釋其部分優(yōu)勢(shì)的人。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.”可知，勞動(dòng)分工增加了每個(gè)工人盡可能多的產(chǎn)量，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，如果沒有進(jìn)行分工，沒有工人能在一天內(nèi)完成二十枚別針，甚至連一枚都做不成，而通過分工合作，相當(dāng)于每個(gè)工人生產(chǎn)4800枚別針，作者是想通過這一數(shù)字來(lái)說(shuō)明分工的優(yōu)勢(shì)。選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。最后一段第三句“AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopment...”但他也理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為，勞動(dòng)分工本質(zhì)上對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和發(fā)展負(fù)責(zé)。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.主旨題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是勞動(dòng)分工，重點(diǎn)不是在于AdamSmith也不是講述理論，所以選項(xiàng)C最能概括全文。

15.單選題

Conveniencefoodswhicharealreadypreparedforcookingareavailableingrocerystores.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ready

B.approachable

C.probable

D.obtainable

【答案】D

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ready“準(zhǔn)備好的，現(xiàn)成的，迅速的”；B選項(xiàng)approachable“可接近的，可到達(dá)的，易理解的”；C選項(xiàng)probable“很可能的，可信的”；D選項(xiàng)obtainable“能得到的，能獲得的”。句意：現(xiàn)成的方便食品可以在雜貨店買到。Available“可獲得的；可購(gòu)得的；可找到的；有空的”，所以D選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Thechieffoodseateninacountrydependslargelyon（）bestinitsclimateandsoil.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.allwhatitgrows

B.whatgrows

C.whichgrows

D.whatdoesitgrow

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句中缺少賓語(yǔ)。選項(xiàng)A結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤,先行詞all后面只能接關(guān)系代詞that；選項(xiàng)C缺少先行詞；選項(xiàng)D是疑問句,不能做賓語(yǔ)。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

17.單選題

Thecontributiongenesmaketointelligenceincreasesaschildrengrowolder.Thisgoesagainstthe

notionthatmostpeopleholdthatasweage，environmentalinfluencesgraduallyoverpowerthegenetic

legacywearebomwithandmayhaveimplicationsforeducation.“Peopleassumethegeneticinfluence

goesdownwithagebecausetheenvironmentaldifferencesbetweenpeoplepileupinlife,”saysRobert

Plomin.“Whatwefoundwasquiteamazing,andgoesintheotherdirection.”

Previousstudieshaveshownvariationsinintelligenceareatleastpartlyduetogenetics.Tofindoutwhetherthisgeneticcontributionvarieswithage,Plomin’steampooleddatafromsixseparatestudiescarriedoutintheUS,theUK,AustraliaandtheNetherlands,involvingatotalof11,000pairsoftwins.Inthesestudies,theresearcherstestedtwinsonreasoning,logicandarithmeticstomeasureaquantitycalledgeneralcognitiveability,or“G”.Eachstudyalsoincludedbothidenticaltwins,withthesamegenes,andfraternaltwins,sharingabouthalftheirgenes,makingitpossibletodistinguishthecontributionsofgenesandenvironmenttotheirGscores.

Plomin’steamcalculatedthatinchildhood,genesaccountforabout41percentofthevariationin

intelligence.Inadolescence,thisroseto55percent；byyoungadolescence,itwas66percent.Nooneknowswhytheinfluencefromgenesshouldincreasewithage,butPlominsuggeststhataschildrenget

older，theybecomebetteratexploitingandmanipulatingtheirenvironmenttosuittheirgeneticneeds,

andsays“KidswithhighGwillusetheirenvironmenttofostertheircognitiveabilityandchoosefriends

whoarelike-minded.”ChildrenwithmediumtolowGmaychooselesschallengingpastimesand

activities,furtheremphasizingtheirgeneticlegacy.

Isthereanywaytointerferewiththepattern?Perhaps.“Theevidenceofstrongheritabilitydoesn’t

meanatallthatthereisnothingyoucandoaboutit，”saysSusanneJaeggi，“Fromourownwork,the

onesthatstartedoffwithlowerIQscoreshadhighergainsaftertraining.’’

Plominsuggeststhatgeneticdifferencesmaybemoreemphasizedifallchildrenshareanidenticalcurriculuminsteadofitbeingtailoredtochildren’snaturalabilities.“Myinclinationwouldbetogiveeveryoneagoodeducation,butputmoreeffortintothelowerend,”hesays.IntelligenceresearcherPaulThompsonagrees:“Itshowsthateducatorsneedtosteerkidstowardsthingsdrawingouttheirnaturaltalents.”

1.Whatisthecommonnotionthatpeopleholdaboutgenes?

2.ThestudybyPlomin’steamaimstofindout(

)

3.Fromtheexperimentwithtwins,Plomin’steamdrawsaconclusionthat(

).

4.Theword“pattern”inparagraphfourisclosestinmeaningto(

).

5.WhichofthefollowingmightPlomin’steamleastagreeto?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Humanscandolittletochangethegeneticdifferencesbetweenpeople.

B.Geneticinfluencebecomesstrongerwhenpeoplereceiveeducation.

C.Genescontributemoretoone’sintelligencethanenvironmentalfactors.

D.Environmentalfactorslessentheinfluenceofgenesonone’sintelligence.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.whethervariationsinintelligencearecausedbygeneticdifferences

B.howtooverpowergeneticfactorswithneweducationalapproaches

C.whethergeneticcontributiontoone’sintelligencevarieswithage

D.therelationshipbetweenenvironmentandgenes

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.geneticcontributionincreaseswhenonegrowsolder

B.geneticinfluencedecreaseswhenageincreases

C.environmenthasmoreimpactonfraternaltwinsthanidenticaltwins

D.itremainsamysteryhowgenesandenvironmentco-influencepeople

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.cognitiveability

B.strongheritability

C.geneticlegacy

D.challengingpastimes

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Anidenticalcurriculumtoschoolchildren.

B.AdifferentiatedcoursedesigntochildrenwithvariedIQ.

C.MoreeffortdirectedatchildrenwithmediumorlowG.

D.Educationtailoredtochildren’snaturalabilities.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：人們對(duì)基因的普遍看法是什么？由第一段第二句中的“asweage，environmentalinfluencesgraduallyoverpowerthegeneticlegacywearebomwithandmayhaveimplicationsforeducation”可知大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為，隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)，“environmentalinfluence環(huán)境影響”將逐漸大于“geneticlegacy基因遺傳”。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：Plomin的研究小組的目的是找出______。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Plomin’steam”定位到第二段第二句，往前有“Tofindoutwhetherthisgeneticcontributionvarieswithage”可知他們的目的是找出基因貢獻(xiàn)是否隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)而增加。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：從雙胞胎的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，Plomin的團(tuán)隊(duì)得出了一個(gè)結(jié)論_______。第二段最后提到了雙胞胎實(shí)驗(yàn)，第三段開頭講到實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論“Plomin’steamcalculatedthat…”，第三句中“Nooneknowswhytheinfluencefromgenesshouldincreasewithage”可推出實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論就是基因影響隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而增加。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.詞義推測(cè)題。題干：第四段中的“pattern”最接近_______。定位點(diǎn)在第四段第一句，因此答案需往前文第三段找。第三段中，Plomin認(rèn)為G較高的孩子會(huì)利用環(huán)境培養(yǎng)自己的認(rèn)知能力并選擇志同道合的朋友；而G較低的孩子可能會(huì)選擇不那么有挑戰(zhàn)的娛樂和活動(dòng)，進(jìn)而強(qiáng)化了他們的基因遺傳?？芍@里說(shuō)的“pattern”就是孩子們認(rèn)知能力的發(fā)展。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)可能是Plomin的團(tuán)隊(duì)最不同意的？由本文最后一段可知，Plomin的團(tuán)隊(duì)認(rèn)為應(yīng)該進(jìn)行差異化教育，對(duì)于G中低等的孩子應(yīng)投入更多精力。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

18.單選題

Throughmicroscopespeoplecanseeobjectsthatare______tothenakedeyes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.invisible

B.invincible

C.incredible

D.impassable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)invisible“無(wú)形的，看不見的”，B項(xiàng)invincible“無(wú)敵的，不能征服的”，C項(xiàng)incredible“不能相信的，難以置信的”，D項(xiàng)impassable“不能通行的，無(wú)路可通的”。根據(jù)句子意思“通過顯微鏡，人們可以看到對(duì)肉眼來(lái)說(shuō)……物體”可知，A項(xiàng)符合句意。句意：通過顯微鏡人們可以看到肉眼看不見的東西。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Today’ssuccessinweatherforecastingstemsfromappliedratherthanpurescience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.derivesfrom

B.leadsto

C.concurswith

D.benefitsfrom

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。stemfrom表示“起源于”。A項(xiàng)derivefrom“源出，來(lái)自”，B項(xiàng)leadto“導(dǎo)致”，C項(xiàng)concurwith“同意”，D項(xiàng)benefitfrom“得益于，得利于”；句意：今天天氣預(yù)報(bào)的成功源于應(yīng)用科學(xué)而非純科學(xué)。根據(jù)句意該題選A。

20.單選題

Thegirlwas（

）ashopassistant;sheisnowamanagerinalargedepartment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.preliminarily

B.presumably

C.formally

D.formerly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。Preliminarily“初步地”；presumably“大概，推測(cè)起來(lái)”；formally“正式地”；formerly“以前，原來(lái)”。句意：這個(gè)女孩之前是商店的助理，現(xiàn)在是一個(gè)大部門的經(jīng)理。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

21.單選題

Theyarrivedatsomepoliticalagreementsthatfacilitatedtroopwithdrawals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.established

B.maximized

C.guaranteed

D.promoted

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)句意：他們達(dá)成了一些政治上的協(xié)議，這……撤軍。facilitate意為“促進(jìn)，幫助，使容易”。A選項(xiàng)establish“創(chuàng)立，建立”；B選項(xiàng)maximize“最大化”；C選項(xiàng)guarantee“保證，擔(dān)?！?；D選項(xiàng)promote“促進(jìn)，提升”。選項(xiàng)D與之意思最為相近，符合語(yǔ)境。

22.單選題

Theapparentpurposeofallowingthegovernmenttoinvestthetrustfundistotakeadvantageofthehigherreturnsfromprivatecapitalmarkets.Thereisstrongevidence,though,thatthegovernment’sinvestmentpolicysubstantiallycouldundercutthereturnsitotherwisemightexpecttoreceive.HighcapitalmarketreturnsintheUSarederivedfromthehighproductivityofcapitalandtheefficiencyofthemarket.InvestmentoftheSocialsecuritytrustfundinprivatecapitalmarketswillhurtbothofthesesourcesofAmericaneconomicperformance;capitalwillbelessproductiveandmarketswillbelessefficient.

A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestmentsaroundtheworldfoundthattheygenerallyearnedlowerannualreturnsthanprivatelymanagedpensioninvestments.Itshowedthatgovernmentsgenerallypursuedoneoftwopoliciesfortheirinvestments,bothfundamentallyflawed.

Onewastoinvestheavilyingovernmentsecurities,whichcansuchlowerreturnsthan,forexample,stocks.Therearetworeasonsforthispolicy.First,thereisacautionarysearchforsafeinvestmentsbecausegovernmentsfearthepoliticalreactionifamoreaggressiveinvestmentpolicyweretoleadtoadverseresults.Second,buyingupgovernmentdebtallowthegovernmenttodefertheconsequencesofitsownoverspending.Indeed,thereisevidencethatthepowertoshiftgovernmentdebtintopensionfundsactuallymayinducethemtospendandborrowmore.Borrowingfromthepensionfundislesstransparentthandoingsofromtheopencapitalmarket.Inmanycases,suchborrowingisnotevenreportedaspublicdebt,andtheinterestratemaybelower.

ThisalreadyisoccurringwiththeSocialSecuritytrustfund.ThecurrentsurplusisusedtopurchaseFederalTreasuryobligationsthatarecreditedtotheSocialSecuritytrustfund.Thegovernmentthenutilizesthemoneyithasborrowedfromthetrustfundtomeetcurrentoperatingexpenses.

Theotherinvestmentpolicypursuedbygovernment-controlledpensionfundsistoinvestingovernment-supportedprojects,suchasstate-ownedenterprisesorpublichousing.Again,theresultoftenisextremelylowratesofreturn.Infact,suchinvestmentsfrequentlylosemoney.Moreover,governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowthandreducethereturnoncapitalforallinvestors,includingthegovernmentitself.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,governmentinvestmentoftheSocialSecuritytrustfund（）.

2.A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestments（）.

3.Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthat（）.

4.Whattonedidtheauthoradoptinthispassage?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willresultinhigherreturnsfromprivatecapitalmarkets

B.canhaveanegativeeffectontheefficiencyofthemarkets

C.willgiveanimpetustoeconomicdevelopment

D.canpromoteproductivityofcapital

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.mettheexpectationofthehigherannualreturns

B.excludedthepossibilityofamoreaggressiveinvestment

C.failedtomeetwiththegovernment’santicipation

D.failedtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.investmentsingovernment-supportedprojectsoftenearnhighannualreturns

B.greatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomycouldimpedeeconomicgrowth

C.businessinvestmentsinpublichousingfrequentlylosemoney

D.theinvestmentpolicypursuedbygovernment-controlledpensionfundsisfundamentallyprofitable

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Satire

B.Exposure

C.Attack

D.Criticism

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Governmentpoliciesfuelthegovernmentinvestmentintheeconomyandkeepitontherighttrack

B.Governmentinvolvementintheeconomywillultimatelysloweconomicgrowth.

C.Governmentinvestmentingovernment-supportedprojectsisafallacy

D.Governmentmightearnhigherreturnsifitinvestsinstocks

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:HighcapitalmarketreturnsintheUSarederivedfromthehighproductivityofcapitalandtheefficiencyofthemarket.InvestmentoftheSocialsecuritytrustfundinprivatecapitalmarketswillhurtbothofthesesourcesofAmericaneconomicperformance;capitalwillbelessproductiveandmarketswillbelessefficient(美國(guó)資本市場(chǎng)的高回報(bào)源于資本的高生產(chǎn)率和市場(chǎng)的效率。社會(huì)保障信托基金對(duì)私人資本市場(chǎng)的投資將損害美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)的這兩個(gè)來(lái)源；資本的生產(chǎn)效率將降低，市場(chǎng)的效率也將降低)。因此，B項(xiàng)“對(duì)市場(chǎng)效率可能產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段:A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestmentsaroundtheworldfoundthattheygenerallyearnedlowerannualreturnsthanprivatelymanagedpensioninvestments(1994年，世界銀行在全球范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與私人管理的養(yǎng)老基金投資相比，它們的年回報(bào)率普遍較低)。因此C項(xiàng)“沒有達(dá)到政府的預(yù)期目標(biāo)”正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。最后一段最后一句指出:Moreover,governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowthandreducethereturnoncapitalforallinvestors,includingthegovernmentitself(此外，政府投資導(dǎo)致政府更多地干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)，進(jìn)而可能導(dǎo)致政策放緩經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，降低包括政府本身在內(nèi)的所有投資者的資本回報(bào)率)。由此可知B項(xiàng)“政府對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的更多參與可能會(huì)阻礙經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)”正確。

第4題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章開頭指出允許政府進(jìn)行信貸投資的目的是利用私人資本市場(chǎng)的高額投資回報(bào)。然而有力的證據(jù)表明：政府的投資政策實(shí)質(zhì)上可能減少它原本預(yù)期獲得的投資回報(bào)。并且在結(jié)尾部分進(jìn)一步指出了政府投資導(dǎo)致政府更多地干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)，進(jìn)而可能導(dǎo)致政策放緩經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，降低包括政府本身在內(nèi)的所有投資者的資本回報(bào)率。可以看出文章作者的語(yǔ)氣是在批評(píng)政府所采取的社會(huì)保障基金投資政策。故選D項(xiàng)。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:政府政策推動(dòng)了政府投資，并讓經(jīng)濟(jì)走上正軌。B:政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的投資最終減慢經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。C:政府支持項(xiàng)目的投資是錯(cuò)誤的。D:如果政府投資股市，或許收益更大。第一段第二句指出:Thereisstrongevidence,though,thatthegovernment’sinvestmentpolicysubstantiallycouldundercutthereturnsitotherwisemightexpecttoreceive(然而有力的證據(jù)表明：政府的投資政策實(shí)質(zhì)上可能減少它原本預(yù)期獲得的投資回報(bào))。由此可知A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。最后一句指出:governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowth…(政府投資導(dǎo)致政府更多地干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)，這有可能反過來(lái)導(dǎo)致相應(yīng)政策的制定，這種政策進(jìn)而會(huì)減慢經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng))。因此B項(xiàng)正確。第三段第一句指出:Onewastoinvestheavilyingovernmentsecurities,whichcansuchlowerreturnsthan,forexample,stocks(其中之一是對(duì)政府債券大力投資，其回報(bào)遠(yuǎn)低于對(duì)股市之類的投資)。因此D項(xiàng)正確。最后一段指出:Again,theresultoftenisextremelylowratesofreturn(這種投資的結(jié)果還是回報(bào)率很低)，以及:Infact,suchinvestmentsfrequentlylosemoney(事實(shí)上，這種投資經(jīng)常賠錢)。因此C項(xiàng)符合原文所述。故此題選A。

23.單選題

Hewas____ofstealingandsenttoprisonforthethirdtime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.convicted

B.accused

C.charged

D.sentenced

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.convicted定罪B.accused控告；控訴

C.charged控告；起訴D.sentenced判決；宣判

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】句意：他被……偷竊罪并且第三次入獄。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該是被定罪為偷竊罪然后送入監(jiān)獄。beconvictedof“宣布有罪”符合語(yǔ)境，因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)accused“控告；控訴”，beaccusedof“被指控”，根據(jù)句意，因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)送入監(jiān)獄，所以應(yīng)該是宣布有罪了，而不只是被指控有罪，該選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境；

C選項(xiàng)charged“控告；起訴”，固定搭配bechargedwith或bechargedof，表示“被指控”。根據(jù)句意，因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)送入監(jiān)獄，所以應(yīng)該是宣布有罪了，而不只是被指控有罪，該選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境；

D選項(xiàng)sentenced“判決；宣判”，其使用為besentencedto，因此不符合搭配。

【句意】他被宣告犯偷竊罪，第三次被送進(jìn)監(jiān)