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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大連大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Sheweptinreliefwhenthetumourturnedouttobebenign.

問題1選項

A.notvicious

B.dangerous

C.unpleasant

D.beneficent

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.notvicious不邪惡的;不危險的B.dangerous危險的

C.unpleasant不愉快的D.beneficent有裨益的;行善的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息Sheweptinrelief(她如釋重負(fù)地哭了),結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞tumour(腫瘤)可推斷,benign表示“良性的”,即腫瘤不是危險的,A項詞義與之相近,故該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項不符合劃線單詞詞義。

【句意】當(dāng)腫瘤被證實(shí)為良性時,她如釋重負(fù)地哭了。

2.單選題

Ithasbeenknownformanydecadesthattheappearanceofsunspotsisroughlyperiodic,withanaveragecycleofelevenyears.Moreover,theincidenceofsolarflaresandthefluxofsolarcosmicrays,ultravioletradiation,andX-radiationallvarydirectlywiththesunspotcycle.Butaftermorethanacenturyofinvestigation,therelationoftheseandotherphenomena,knowncollectivelyasthesolar-activitycycle,toterrestrialweatherandclimateremainsunclear.Forexample,thesunspotcycleandthealliedmagnetic-polaritycyclehavebeenlinkedtoperiodicitiesdiscernedinrecordsofsuchvariablesasrainfall,temperature,andwinds.Invariably,however,therelationisweak,andcommonlyofdubiousstatisticalsignificance.

Effectsofsolarvariabilityoverlongertermshavealsobeensought.TheabsenceofrecordedsunspotactivityinthenoteskeptbyEuropeanobserversinthelateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturieshasledsomescholarstopostulateabriefcessationofsunspotactivityatthattime(aperiodcalledtheMaunderminimum).TheMaunderminimumhasbeenlinkedtoaspanofunusualcoldinEuropeextendingfromthesixteenthtotheearlynineteenthcenturies.TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished.However,especiallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.Scientistshavealsosoughtevidenceoflong-termsolarperiodicitiesbyexaminingindirectclimatologicaldata,suchasfossilrecordsofthethicknessofancienttreerings.Thesestudies,however,failedtolinkunequivocallyterrestrialclimateandthesolar-activitycycle,oreventoconfirmthecycle’spastexistence.

Ifconsistentandreliablegeologicalorarchaeologicalevidencetracingthesolar-activitycycleinthedistantpastcouldbefound,itmightalsoresolveanimportantissueinsolarphysics:howtomodelsolaractivity.Currently,therearetwomodelsofsolaractivity.ThefirstsupposesthattheSun’sinternalmotions(causedbyrotationandconvection)interactwithitslarge-scalemagneticfieldtoproduceadynamo,adeviceinwhichmechanicalenergyisconvertedintotheenergyofamagneticfield.Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.ThealternativeexplanationsupposesthattheSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldisaremnantofthefieldtheSunacquiredwhenitformed,andisnotsustainedagainstdecay.Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclecouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.Modernsolarobservationsspantooshortatimetorevealwhetherpresentcyclicalsolaractivityisalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,ormerelyatransientphenomenon.

1.Theauthorfocusesprimarilyon________.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwomodelsofsolaractivity,astheyaredescribedinPara.3,isaccurate?

3.Accordingtothepassage,lateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturiesChineserecordsareimportantforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatstudiesattemptingtousetree-ringthicknesstolocatepossiblelinksbetweensolarperiodicityandterrestrialclimatearebasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

問題1選項

A.presentingtwocompetingscientifictheoriesconcerningsolaractivityandevaluatinggeologicalevidenceoftencitedtosupportthem

B.givingabriefoverviewofsomerecentscientificdevelopmentsinsolarphysicsandassessingtheirimpactonfutureclimatologicalresearch

C.discussingthedifficultiesinvolvedinlinkingterrestrialphenomenawithsolaractivityandindicatinghowresolvingthatissuecouldhaveanimpactonourunderstandingofsolarphysics

D.outliningthespecificreasonswhyaprobleminsolarphysicshasnotyetbeensolvedandfaultingtheoverlytheoreticalapproachofmodernphysics

問題2選項

A.Inbothmodelscyclicalsolaractivityisregardedasalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,persistingwithlittlechangeoverbillionsofyears.

B.Inbothmodelsthesolar-activitycycleishypothesizedasbeingdependentonthelarge-scalesolarmagneticfield.

C.InonemodeltheSun’smagneticfieldisthoughttoplayaroleincausingsolaractivity,whereasintheothermodelitisnot.

D.Inonemodelcyclesofsolaractivitywithperiodicitieslongerthanafewdecadesareconsideredtobeimpossible,whereasintheothermodelsuchcyclesarepredicted.

問題3選項

A.TheysuggestthatthedataonwhichtheMaunderminimumwaspredictedwereincorrect.

B.TheysuggestthattheMaunderminimumcannotberelatedtoclimate.

C.TheyestablishtheexistenceofaspanofunusuallycoldweatherworldwideatthetimeoftheMaunderminimum.

D.TheyestablishthatsolaractivityatthetimeoftheMaunderminimumdidnotsignificantlyvaryfromitspresentpattern.

問題4選項

A.Thesolar-activitycycleexistedinitspresentformduringthetimeperiodinwhichthetreeringsgrew.

B.Thebiologicalmechanismscausingtreegrowthareunaffectedbyshort-termweatherpatterns.

C.Bothterrestrialclimateandthesolar-activitycyclerandomlyaffecttree-ringthickness.

D.Tree-ringthicknessreflectchangesinterrestrialclimate.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】

Theauthorfocusesprimarilyon________.作者主要關(guān)注________。

A.presentingtwocompetingscientifictheoriesconcerningsolaractivityandevaluatinggeologicalevidenceoftencitedtosupportthemA.提出兩種相互矛盾的關(guān)于太陽活動的科學(xué)理論,并評價經(jīng)常被引用來支持它們的地質(zhì)證據(jù)

B.givingabriefoverviewofsomerecentscientificdevelopmentsinsolarphysicsandassessingtheirimpactonfutureclimatologicalresearchB.簡要概述太陽物理學(xué)的一些最近的科學(xué)發(fā)展,并評估它們對未來氣候?qū)W研究的影響

C.discussingthedifficultiesinvolvedinlinkingterrestrialphenomenawithsolaractivityandindicatinghowresolvingthatissuecouldhaveanimpactonourunderstandingofsolarphysicsC.討論將地球現(xiàn)象與太陽活動聯(lián)系起來所涉及的困難,并指出解決這個問題將如何影響我們對太陽物理學(xué)的理解

D.outliningthespecificreasonswhyaprobleminsolarphysicshasnotyetbeensolvedandfaultingtheoverlytheoreticalapproachofmodernphysicsD.概述了太陽物理學(xué)中一個問題尚未解決的具體原因,并對現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)過于理論化的方法提出了批評

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】第一段提出“仍不清楚(remainsunclear)太陽活動周期(solar-activitycycle)與地球天氣和氣候的關(guān)系(terrestrialweatherandclimate)”,第二段總結(jié)道“研究未能明確地證明陸地氣候與太陽活動周期的關(guān)系(unequivocallyterrestrialclimateandthesolar-activitycycle)”,第三段提出“如果能找到一致可靠的地質(zhì)或考古證據(jù)(geologicalorarchaeologicalevidence),追溯遠(yuǎn)古時期的太陽活動周期(thesolar-activitycycle),它也可能解決太陽物理學(xué)中的一個重要問題(issueinsolarphysics)?!本C上所述,前兩段在講述找到地球現(xiàn)象與太陽活動的聯(lián)系很困難,在最后一段點(diǎn)出解決這個問題對太陽物理學(xué)非常重要,因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“提出兩種相互矛盾的關(guān)于太陽活動的科學(xué)理論,并評價被引用來支持它們的地質(zhì)證據(jù)”:這兩種矛盾的太陽活動模型只在第三段出現(xiàn),并且沒有提到分別支持這兩種理論的地質(zhì)證據(jù),屬于以偏概全和無中生有;

B項“簡要概述太陽物理學(xué)的一些最近的科學(xué)發(fā)展,并評估它們對未來氣候?qū)W研究的影響”:文中沒有提到這些研究對未來氣候?qū)W研究的影響,屬于無中生有;

D項“概述了太陽物理學(xué)中某個尚未解決的問題的具體原因,并對現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)過于理論化的方法提出了批評”:沒有講到原因,也沒有批判現(xiàn)代物理學(xué),屬于無中生有。

第2題:【選項釋義】

Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwomodelsofsolaractivity,astheyaredescribedinPara.3,isaccurate?如第3段所述,下列關(guān)于太陽活動的兩種模型的陳述,哪一種是準(zhǔn)確的?

A.Inbothmodelscyclicalsolaractivityisregardedasalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,persistingwithlittlechangeoverbillionsofyears.A.在這兩個模型中,周期性的太陽活動都被視為太陽長期存在的特征,在數(shù)十億年的時間里幾乎沒有變化。

B.Inbothmodelsthesolar-activitycycleishypothesizedasbeingdependentonthelarge-scalesolarmagneticfield.B.在兩個模型中,假設(shè)太陽活動周期依賴于大規(guī)模的太陽磁場。

C.InonemodeltheSun’smagneticfieldisthoughttoplayaroleincausingsolaractivity,whereasintheothermodelitisnot.C.在一個模型中,太陽的磁場被認(rèn)為是引起太陽活動的因素,而在另一個模型中則不是。

D.Inonemodelcyclesofsolaractivitywithperiodicitieslongerthanafewdecadesareconsideredtobeimpossible,whereasintheothermodelsuchcyclesarepredicted.D.一個模型中認(rèn)為,太陽活動周期不可能超過幾十年,然而另一個模型可以預(yù)測其周期。

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中出處提示詞Para.3和信息詞twomodelsofsolaractivity定位到第三段第二句,該處講到“有兩種太陽活動模型(twomodelsofsolaractivity)”,結(jié)合該段第三句“第一種假說假設(shè)太陽的內(nèi)部運(yùn)動(internalmotions)與它的大范圍磁場相互作用(interactwithitslarge-scalemagneticfield)”以及該段第五、六句“另一種解釋(alternativeexplanation)認(rèn)為……在這個模型中,依賴于太陽磁場的太陽機(jī)制(thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfield)運(yùn)行得更快?!保芍獌煞N模型都認(rèn)為太陽活動依賴于太陽磁場,因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“在這兩個模型中,周期性的太陽活動都被視為太陽長期存在的特征,在數(shù)十億年的時間里幾乎沒有變化”:對應(yīng)文章最后一句“現(xiàn)代太陽觀測的時間跨度太短,無法揭示(tooshortatimetorevealwhether)目前的周期性太陽活動是太陽長期存在的特征(long-livedfeatureoftheSun),還是僅僅是一種短暫的現(xiàn)象(transientphenomenon)?!?,在闡述兩種模擬太陽活動的模型后,總結(jié)說因為觀察太陽的時間短,無法確定哪種情況正確,第一種情況對應(yīng)第一個模型,第二種情況對應(yīng)第二個模型;本選項也對應(yīng)該段第四句“太陽的大規(guī)模磁場被看作是自我維持的,因此由它驅(qū)動的太陽活動周期可能在幾十億年的時間里整體變化不大(littleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears)?!?,可知本選項是對第一種模型的闡述,不包括第二種,屬于以偏概全;

C選項“在一個模型中,太陽的磁場被認(rèn)為是引起太陽活動的因素,而在另一個模型中則不是”:兩種模型都認(rèn)為太陽活動由太陽磁場引起,屬于反向干擾;

D選項“一個模型中認(rèn)為,太陽活動周期不可能超過幾十年,然而另一個模型可以預(yù)測其周期”:第一種模型對應(yīng)第三段第四句“太陽活動周期可能在幾十億年的時間里(billionsofyears)整體變化不大(littleoverallchange)”,第二種模型對應(yīng)該段第七句“可以預(yù)測(beexpectedtochange)太陽活動周期的特征會在很長一段時間內(nèi)發(fā)生變化”,可知第一種模型說的是太陽活動周期在幾十億年不會有太大變化,而不是說周期不可能超過幾十年,第二種模型說的是可以預(yù)測太陽活動周期會變化,而不是可以預(yù)測周期是多長,屬于偷換概念。

第3題:【選項釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,lateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturiesChineserecordsareimportantforwhichofthefollowingreasons?根據(jù)文章,在17世紀(jì)晚期和18世紀(jì)早期中國的記錄非常重要,是因為以下哪個原因?

A.TheysuggestthatthedataonwhichtheMaunderminimumwaspredictedwereincorrect.A.他們認(rèn)為蒙德極小期預(yù)測的數(shù)據(jù)是錯誤的。

B.TheysuggestthattheMaunderminimumcannotberelatedtoclimate.B.他們認(rèn)為蒙德極小期與氣候不相關(guān)。

C.TheyestablishtheexistenceofaspanofunusuallycoldweatherworldwideatthetimeoftheMaunderminimum.C.他們證實(shí)在蒙德極小期的時候,全世界有段時間天氣異常寒冷。

D.TheyestablishthatsolaractivityatthetimeoftheMaunderminimumdidnotsignificantlyvaryfromitspresentpattern.D.他們證實(shí)蒙德極小期的太陽活動與目前的模式?jīng)]有顯著變化。

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞Chineserecords定位到第二段倒數(shù)第三句,該處講到“尤其是因為(especiallysince)當(dāng)時中國肉眼觀測太陽活動的記錄(Chinesenaked-eyeobservers)似乎與此相矛盾(contradictit)”,結(jié)合該段倒數(shù)第四句“蒙德極小期的真實(shí)性(TherealityoftheMaunderminimum)還有待確定(yettobeestablished)”,倒數(shù)第三句的it指的是Maunderminimum,可知中國的記錄和蒙德極小期的觀點(diǎn)相悖,并且根據(jù)中國的記錄,蒙德極小期可能是錯誤的,因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“他們認(rèn)為蒙德極小期與氣候不相關(guān)”:文中沒有提到他們質(zhì)疑蒙德極小期與氣候的相關(guān)性,而是質(zhì)疑有段時間太陽黑子活動短暫停止這個假設(shè)的真實(shí)性,屬于無中生有;

C選項“他們證實(shí)在蒙德極小期的時候,全世界有段時間天氣異常寒冷”:對應(yīng)第二段第三句“蒙德極小期與歐洲(inEurope)從16世紀(jì)到19世紀(jì)早期的異常寒冷有關(guān)”,可知其范圍不是在全世界,而是在某一個地區(qū),屬于偷換概念;

D選項“他們證實(shí)蒙德極小期的太陽活動與目前的模式?jīng)]有顯著變化”:對應(yīng)第二段第一、二句“人們還研究了太陽長期變化的影響。17世紀(jì)晚期和18世紀(jì)早期歐洲觀察家的筆記中沒有記錄到太陽黑子活動,這使得一些學(xué)者假設(shè)在那個時候太陽黑子活動短暫停止(這個時期被稱為蒙德極小期)”以及第二段倒數(shù)第三句“尤其是因為(especiallysince)當(dāng)時中國肉眼觀測太陽活動的記錄(Chinesenaked-eyeobservers)似乎與此相矛盾(contradictit)”,可知在蒙德極小期是學(xué)者假設(shè)的內(nèi)容,與當(dāng)時中國所有的觀察記錄相反,所以中國的記錄沒有證實(shí)蒙德極小期的存在,更沒有證實(shí)蒙德極小期的太陽活動與目前的模式?jīng)]有顯著變化,屬于反向干擾。

第4題:【選項釋義】

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatstudiesattemptingtousetree-ringthicknesstolocatepossiblelinksbetweensolarperiodicityandterrestrialclimatearebasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?從這篇文章中可以推斷出,試圖利用樹木年輪厚度來確定太陽周期和陸地氣候之間可能的聯(lián)系的研究是基于下列哪個假設(shè)?

A.Thesolar-activitycycleexistedinitspresentformduringthetimeperiodinwhichthetreeringsgrew.A.在樹木年輪生長時,太陽活動周期就以現(xiàn)在的形式存在。

B.Thebiologicalmechanismscausingtreegrowthareunaffectedbyshort-termweatherpatterns.B.造成樹木生長的生物機(jī)制不受短期天氣模式的影響。

C.Bothterrestrialclimateandthesolar-activitycyclerandomlyaffecttree-ringthickness.C.陸地氣候和太陽活動周期隨機(jī)影響樹木年輪厚度。

D.Tree-ringthicknessreflectchangesinterrestrialclimate.D.樹輪厚度反映陸地氣候的變化。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞tree-ringthickness定位到第二段倒數(shù)第二句,該處講到“科學(xué)家們還通過研究間接的氣候?qū)W數(shù)據(jù)(indirectclimatologicaldata),如(suchas)古樹年輪厚度(thicknessofancienttreerings)的化石記錄?!保芍麄冋J(rèn)為樹木年輪的厚度可以反映氣候,因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“在樹木年輪生長時,太陽活動周期就以現(xiàn)在的形式存在”:文中沒有提到是因為太陽活動周期現(xiàn)在和以前一樣,屬于無中生有;

B選項“造成樹木生長的生物機(jī)制不受短期天氣模式的影響”:文中沒有提到樹木的生長不受短期天氣的影響,屬于無中生有;

C選項“陸地氣候和太陽活動周期隨機(jī)影響樹木年輪厚度”:文中沒有提到樹木年輪厚度受陸地氣候和太陽活動周期隨機(jī)影響,屬于無中生有。

3.單選題

12.

問題1選項

A.Sheisn’tfeelingwell.

B.Sheisunderpressure.

C.Shedoesn’tliketheweather.

D.Sheisfeelingrelieved.

【答案】A

【解析】M:Areyouhavinganyproblemslikeweakness,fatigue,orheadaches?

W:Well,Icertainlyfeltundertheweather.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】常用習(xí)語。女士說Icertainlyfeltundertheweather,即她覺得身體不適。

4.單選題

Severalinternationaleventsintheearly1990sseemlikelyto(),oratleastweaken,thetrendsthatemergedinthe1980s.

問題1選項

A.revolt

B.revolve

C.reverse

D.revive

【答案】C

【解析】句意:90年代初期發(fā)生的若干國際事件,似乎有可能逆轉(zhuǎn)或者至少能夠緩解80年代出現(xiàn)的趨勢。

考查動詞辨析。revolt叛逆,反抗,不及物動詞,故排除;revolve旋轉(zhuǎn),環(huán)繞,不及物動詞,故排除。Reverse顛倒,逆轉(zhuǎn)。Revive(使)蘇醒,復(fù)興,復(fù)活。根據(jù)句意“或者至少能夠緩解”可知C正確。

5.單選題

Ifyoupushhardontheworld,theworldwillpushbackonyou;ifyoutouchtheworldgently,theworldwilltouchyou().

問題1選項

A.inreturn

B.inthelongrun

C.inturn

D.inplace

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組。A:inreturn“反過來”;B:inthelongrun“從長遠(yuǎn)來看”;C:inturn“依次;輪流”;D:inplace“在對的位置;適當(dāng)?shù)摹?。句意:如果你在這個世界上努力的話,世界會對你施加壓力;如果你對世界溫柔,那么世界也會同樣待你。句子前后結(jié)構(gòu)一致,可知A符合語境,為正確答案。

6.單選題

Itisaruleinhisfamilythat()comeshomeearliershouldcookthedinnerforthefamily.

問題1選項

A.anybody

B.who

C.whothat

D.whoever

【答案】D

【解析】句意:無論是誰回家得早,都應(yīng)該給家人做晚飯,這是他家的規(guī)定。

語法題??疾槊~性從句引導(dǎo)詞??崭袼诰錇橹髡Z從句而且從句中缺主語。A不能引導(dǎo)從句,故排除。B項表示“誰”,具有特指的情況,不符合語境。C項的“who和that”不能搭配引導(dǎo)主語從句。whoever有兩個詞義:(l)nomatterwho,在這種用法時引導(dǎo)一個讓步狀語從句;(2)anybodythat(who),在這種用法時,它連接一個名詞性從句,因此,在本題中它連接的是主語從句。

7.單選題

TheUnitedNations()muchtoworldpeaceandorder.

問題1選項

A.hasattributed

B.haveattributed

C.hascontributed

D.havecontributed

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。attribute…to“把……歸因”,contribute…to“對……作貢獻(xiàn)”。

表示國家、地名等專用名詞做主語時,后面謂語用單數(shù)形式,句意:聯(lián)合國為世界和平與秩序做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。所以本題的正確答案是C選項。

8.單選題

Leaddeposits,whichaccumulatedinsoilandsnowduringthe1960'sand70's,wereprimarilytheresultofleadedgasolineemissionsoriginatingintheUnitedStates.InthetwentyyearsthattheCleanAirActhasmandatedunleadedgasuseintheUnitedStates,theleadaccumulationworld-widehasdecreasedsignificantly.

AstudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalNatureshowsthatair-borneleadedgasemissionsfromtheUnitedStatesweretheleadingcontributortothehighconcentrationofleadinthesnowinGreenland.ThenewstudyisaresultofthecontinuedresearchledbyDr.CharlesBoutron,anexpertontheimpactofheavymetalsontheenvironmentattheNationalCenterforScientificResearchinFrance.AstudybyDr.Boutronpublishedin1991showedthatleadlevelsinarcticsnowweredeclining.

Inhisnewstudy,Dr.BoutronfoundtheratiosofthedifferentformsofleadintheleadedgasolineusedintheUnitedStatesweredifferentfromtheratiosofEuropean,AsianandCanadiangasolineandthusenabledscientiststodifferentiatetheleadsources.ThedominantleadratiofoundinGreenlandsnowmatchedthatfoundingasolinefromtheUnitedStates.

InastudypublishedinthejournalAmbio,scientistsfoundthatleadlevelsinsoilintheNorth-easternUnitedStateshaddecreasedmarkedlysincetheintroductionofunleadedgasoline.

Manyscientistshadbelievedthattheleadwouldstayinsoilandsnowforalongerperiod.

TheauthorsoftheAmbiostudyexaminedsamplesoftheupperlayersofsoiltakenfromthesamesitesof30forestfloorsinNewEngland,NewYorkandPennsylvaniain1980andin1990.

Theforestenvironmentprocessedandredistributedtheleadfasterthanthescientistshadexpected.

Scientistssaybothstudiesdemonstratethatcertainpartsoftheecosystemrespondrapidlytoreductionsinatmosphericpollution,butthatthesefindingsshouldnotbeusedasalicensetopollute.

1.Thestudypublishedinthejournal.Natureindicatesthat().

2.LeadaccumulationworldwidedecreasedsignificantlyaftertheuseofunleadedgasintheUS().

3.HowdidscientistsdiscoverthesourceofleadpollutioninGreenland?

4.TheauthorsoftheAmbiostudyhavefoundthat().

5.Itcanbeinferred,fromthelastparagraphthatscientists().

問題1選項

A.theCleanAirActhasnotproducedthedesiredresults

B.leaddepositsinarcticsnowareontheincrease

C.leadwillstayinsoilandsnowlongerthanexpected

D.theUSisthemajorsourceofleadpollutioninarcticsnow

問題2選項

A.wasdiscouraged

B.wasenforcedbylaw

C.wasprohibitedbylaw

D.wasintroduced

問題3選項

A.ByanalyzingthedatapublishedinjournalslikeNatureandAmbio.

B.Byobservingtheleadaccumulationsindifferentpartsofthearcticarea.

C.BystudyingthechemicalelementsofsoilandsnowinNortheasternAmerica.

D.Bycomparingthechemicalcompositionsofleadedgasolineusedinvariouscountries.

問題4選項

A.forestsgetridofleadpollutionfasterthanexpected

B.leadaccumulationsinforestsaremoredifficulttodealwith

C.leaddepositsarewidelydistributedintheforestsoftheUS

D.theupperlayersofsoilinforestsareeasilypollutedbyleademissions

問題5選項

A.arepuzzledbythemysteryofforestpollution

B.feelrelievedbytheuseofunleadedgasoline

C.stillconsiderleadpollution,aproblem

D.lacksufficientmeanstocombatleadpollution

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到第二段"AstudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalNatureshowsthatair-borneleadedgasemissionsfromtheUnitedStatesweretheleadingcontributortothehighconcentrationofleadinthesnowinGreenland."最近發(fā)表在《自然》(Nature)雜志上的一項研究表明,美國通過空氣傳播的含鉛氣體排放是導(dǎo)致格陵蘭雪中鉛含量高的主要原因。可知該研究表明美國是到導(dǎo)致北極雪中鉛污染的主要來源。D項正確。B項與“AstudybyDr.Boutronpublishedin1991showedthatleadlevelsinarcticsnowweredeclining.”不符。AC兩項內(nèi)容與該研究無關(guān)。答案D。

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段“InthetwentyyearsthattheCleanAirActhasmandatedunleadedgasuseintheUnitedStates,theleadaccumulationworld-widehasdecreasedsignificantly.”在《清潔空氣法》強(qiáng)制要求美國使用無鉛氣體的二十年里,全世界的鉛積累量已顯著下降??芍獙γ绹褂脽o鉛氣體是法律的強(qiáng)制要求。B項正確。

判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到文中第三段“Inhisnewstudy,Dr.BoutronfoundtheratiosofthedifferentformsofleadintheleadedgasolineusedintheUnitedStatesweredifferentfromtheratiosofEuropean,AsianandCanadiangasolineandthusenabledscientiststodifferentiatetheleadsources.ThedominantleadratiofoundinGreenlandsnowmatchedthatfoundingasolinefromtheUnitedStates.”“在他的新研究中,布隆博士發(fā)現(xiàn)美國使用的含鉛汽油中不同形式的鉛的比例與歐洲、亞洲和加拿大的汽油不同,因此科學(xué)家能夠區(qū)分鉛的來源。在格陵蘭雪中發(fā)現(xiàn)的主要鉛含量與在美國汽油中發(fā)現(xiàn)的鉛含量相當(dāng)?!庇纱丝芍茖W(xué)家通過將美國含鉛汽油中的化學(xué)成分與其他國家的對比,找到了格林蘭雪中鉛的來源。D項正確。

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到倒數(shù)第二段“Theforestenvironmentprocessedandredistributedtheleadfasterthanthescientistshadexpected.森林環(huán)境處理和重新分配鉛的速度比科學(xué)家預(yù)期的要快?!笨芍狝項正確。

判斷推理題。由最后一段“Scientistssaybothstudiesdemonstratethatcertainpartsoftheecosystemrespondrapidlytoreductionsinatmosphericpollution,butthatthesefindingsshouldnotbeusedasalicensetopollute.科學(xué)家們說,這兩項研究都表明,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的某些部分對大氣污染的減少做出了迅速反應(yīng),但這些發(fā)現(xiàn)不應(yīng)被用作污染的許可證?!笨芍m然大氣污染減少后,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)也作出了相應(yīng)快速積極的反應(yīng),但是科學(xué)家仍然認(rèn)為不能抱有僥幸心理,應(yīng)該仍然控制污染。故C項正確。

9.單選題

Peoplewhoquestionorevenlookdownonthestudyofthepastanditsworksusuallyassumethatthepastisentirelydifferentfromthepresent,andthathencewecanlearnnothingworthwhilefromthepast.Butitisnottruethatthepastisentirelydifferentfromthepresent.Wecanlearnmuchofvaluefromitssimilarityanditsdifference.

Atremendouschangeintheconditionsofhumanlifeandinourknowledgeandcontrolofthenaturalworldhastakenplacesinceancienttimes.Theancientscouldnot,however,seeinadvanceourcontemporarytechnicalandsocialenvironment,andhencehavenoadvicetoofferusabouttheparticularproblemsfacingus.But,althoughsocialandeconomicarrangementsvarywithtimeandplace,manstillremainsman.Weandtheancientsshareacommonhumannatureandhencecertaincommonhumanexperiencesandproblems.

Thepoetsbearwitnessthatancientman,too,sawthesunriseandset,feltthewindonhischeek,waspossessedbyloveanddesire,experiencedjoyandexcitementaswellasfrustrationanddisappointment,andknewgoodandevil.Theancientpoetsspeakacrossthecenturiestous,sometimesmoredirectlyandvividlythanourcontemporarywriters.Andtheancientprophetsandphilosophers,indealingwiththebasicproblemsofmenlivingtogetherinsociety,stillhavesomethingtosaytous.

Wealsolearnfromthepastbyconsideringtherespectsinwhichitdiffersfromthepresent.Wecandiscoverwherewearetodayandwhatwehavebecomebyknowingwhatthepeopleofthepastdidandthought.Andpartofthepast—ourpersonalpastandthatoftherace—alwayslivesinus.

1.Accordingtothewriter,ourpastcanteachusquitealotbecause()

2.Inthesecondparagraph,thewriterplacesgreatemphasisonthefactthat()

3.Judgingfromthecontext,thereasonforthewritertotalkaboutthepoetsisthat()

4.Inthefirstlineofthelastparagraph,thesentence“Wecandiscoverwherewearetoday...”means()

5.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.itisverydifferentfromthepresent

B.itisquitethesameasthepresent

C.wecandrawmanylessonsfromit

D.wearenotworkingsohardasthepeopleinthepast

問題2選項

A.humannaturedoesnotchangeeasily

B.agreatchangehastakenplaceintheconditionsofhumanlife

C.socialarrangementschangequickly

D.itisimpossibletoasktheancientpeopletogiveususefuladvice

問題3選項

A.theytriedtotalktopeoplewhoweretocomeafterthem

B.theyknewgoodandevilbetterthanotherpeople

C.theywerethemostemotionalpeopleintheirtimes

D.theyrecordedthelifeofancientpeopleintheirpoems

問題4選項

A.wecanknowhowmuchdevelopmentwehavemade

B.wecanidentifywherewearelivingatthepresentage

C.wecanlearnmoreaboutourproblems

D.wecantraveltoanyplacequiteeasily

問題5選項

A.Ourpresenthaslittleincommonwiththepast.

B.Pasthumanexperiencescanbeusedtoservethepresent.

C.Somepeopleinthepastpredictedthingsinourageaccurately.

D.Ourpresentageisbasicallysimilartothepastone.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Wecanlearnmuchofvaluefromitssimilarityanditsdifference.”可知,過去可以教會我們很多,因為我們可以從中獲得經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的最后兩句“...,manstillremainsman.Weandtheancientsshareacommonhumannature...”盡管社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)隨著時間和地點(diǎn)而改變,但我們依舊是我們。我們和古人有著共同的人性,因此也有共同的經(jīng)歷和問題。所以作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人性是沒有變化的。選項A正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“Andtheancientprophetsandphilosophers,indealingwiththebasicproblemsofmenlivingtogetherinsociety,stillhavesomethingtosaytous.”古代的先知和哲學(xué)家,在處理人類共同生活在社會中的基本問題時,對我們依然適用。由此推斷,作者提到詩人的原因是因為他們將古人的生活寫進(jìn)了他們的詩。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)句意,通過了解過去人們的所作所為和思想,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)我們今天在哪里,我們變成了什么樣子。這里與過去對比,說明我們現(xiàn)如今的生活有很大的進(jìn)步。所以選項A符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段就可知,本文主要講過去對我們的重要性,過去和現(xiàn)在相關(guān)聯(lián),但是過去和現(xiàn)在有相似但也有不同,所以選項A和D錯誤,選項B古人的經(jīng)歷對現(xiàn)在依然有影響,符合原文。

10.單選題

AthighnoonlastOctober1st,thecitizensofEcuador(厄瓜多爾)didsomethingthey’dneverdreamedpossible:theysynchronized(同步)theirwatches.Indoingso,theyembarkedonanationalcampaignagainstlateness.Aspecialgrouporganizedthiscampaign.ThegroupinvitedthePresidenttojoininthem,butactuallythePresidentwasinfamouslyunpunctual.Anyway,thePresidentagreedtovowtoparticipate.Hisspokesman,goingontelevisiontoannouncethisvow,arrivedatthestudio,needlesstosay,severalminuteslate.

Suchacampaignmaybescornedorlaughedat,becauseitseemsnotseriousandevennonsense,withoutanypracticalmeaning,butitcomesoutofabasiceconomicfact:punctualitypays.Accordingtoonestudy,chroniclatenesscostsEcuador$2.5billionayear―hardlysmallchangeinacountrywithagrossdomesticproductofjusttwenty-fourbilliondollars.Thefundamentalchallengeforamoderneconomyistocoordinatetheactionsofmillionsofindependentpeoplesothatgoodsmaybeproducedandservicesdeliveredasefficientlyaspossible.It’saloteasiertodothiswhenpeoplearewherethey’resupposedtobewhenthey’resupposedtobethere.Thisisespeciallytrueinlightofrecentinnovationssuchasjust-in-timemanufacturing.

Dellcomputer’ssuppliershavetobeabletodeliverpartstoDell’sfactorieswithinninetyminutes.Underthoseconditions,“I’llgettoitlater”won’tdo.

InsomepunctualcountrieslikeJapan,pedestrianswalkfast,businesstransactionstakeplacequickly,andbankclocksarealwaysaccurate.Inlesspunctualplaces,suchasIndonesia,pedestriansamble,workersidle,andbankclocksareusuallywrong.Inotherwords,Ecuadoriansaretryingtorevolutionizethewaytheyliveandwork.

Cantheydoit?Thereareobviousobstacles.Tardinesscanbequitepleasant,especiallywhenit’swhatyou’veaccustomedto.Thereisalsothetrickyquestionofclass.Latenesscanbeawayfortherichandpowerfultoassertthemselves,toshowhowmuchmorevaluabletheirtimeis.InEcuador,membersofthemilitaryandthegovernmentarethemostnotoriousoffenders,andbusinessmenarefarmorelikelytoshowuplatethanblue-collarworkersare.There’snopointingettingtoameetingontimeifnooneisgoingtobethere.Tardinessfeedsonitself,creatingaviciouscycle.

1.ItisimpliedinthefirstparagraphthatthepresidentofEcuador(

).

2.Theword“pay”hasthesamemeaningin“punctualitypays”asin

).

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutEcuadorpeopleiscorrect?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat(

).

問題1選項

A.agreedtogoontelevisiontoannouncehisvowtoparticipate

B.waswell-knownforhispunctuality

C.hadahabitofbeinglateinhislifeandwork

D.wastryingtorevolutionizethewatchesinhiscountry

問題2選項

A.“Itpaystogetsomeprofessionaladvicebeforeyoumakeadecision”

B.“Hedidn’tpayanyattentiontowhatIsaid”

C.“Mymotherpaysformydrivinglessons”

D.“Idecidedtopaymyfriendsavisit”

問題3選項

A.Theyusedtobepunctualwhentheyaregoingtowork.

B.Theylovetheirpresidentforhisbeingunpunctual.

C.Theystartedtorealizethevitalityoftime.

D.Theyhavebeenunaccustomedtothetardinessoftheirbank.

問題4選項

A.Ecuadoriansaretryingtomakeanadvertisementfortheirwatchesbyanationalcampaignagainstlateness

B.bankclocksinlesspunctualplacesareusuallywrongbecausetheirclocksarebackward

C.moderneconomytriestocoordinatetheactionsofmillionsofindependentpeopletopromoteefficiency

D.Ecuadorianswillremaintheirwayoflife

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的ThegroupinvitedthePresidenttojoininthem,butactuallythePresidentwasi

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