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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津渤海職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題
His(
)bookwilldealwithindustrialrelations.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.actual
B.forthcoming
C.prompt
D.eventual
【答案】B
【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)actual“實(shí)際的”;B選項(xiàng)forthcoming“即將來臨的”;C選項(xiàng)prompt“敏捷的,迅速的”;D選項(xiàng)eventual“最終的”。句意:他即將出版的書將論述勞資關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
2.單選題
Heraisedhiseyebrowsandstuckhisheadforwardand()itinasinglenod,agestureboysusedthenforOK.whentheywerepleased.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.shrugged
B.tugged
C.jerked
D.twisted
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。shrugged“聳肩”;tugged“用力拉,迅速地穿衣服”;jerked“猛拉”;twisted“扭動(dòng)”。句意:他揚(yáng)起眉毛,把頭向前探了一探,猛地點(diǎn)頭,這是男孩子們開心時(shí)表示“好”的動(dòng)作。C項(xiàng)符合題意。
3.單選題
Biologicalwizardryofadifferentsortisresponsiblefortheruggednessofsea-earshells,whichunderhigh-poweredmicroscopesresemble(
)constructedstonewalls.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.reversibly
B.elaborately
C.spontaneously
D.concurrently
【答案】B
【解析】副詞辨析。句意:另一種生物的神奇力量在于石決明的堅(jiān)實(shí),在高倍顯微鏡下,它像精心建造的石頭墻。
reversibly可逆地。elaborately精巧地;苦心經(jīng)營地。spontaneously自發(fā)地;自然地;不由自主地。Concurrently同時(shí)發(fā)生地。
4.單選題
Mostparents,Isuppose,havehadtheexperienceofreadingabedtimestorytotheirchildrenandtheymusthave(1)howdifficultitistowritea(2)children'sbook.Eithertheauthorhasaimedto(3),sothatthechildrencan'tfollowwhatis:inhis(ormoreoften,her)story,(4)thestoryseemstobetalkingtothereaders.
Thebestchildren'sbooksare(5)verydifficultnorverysimple,andsatisfyboththe(6)whohearsthestoryandtheadultwho(7)it.Unfortunately,thereareinfact(8)bookslikethis,(9)theproblemoffindingtherightbedtimestoryisnot(10)tosolve.
Thismaybewhymanyofbooksregardedas(11)ofchildren'sliteraturewereinfactwrittenfor(12).“Alice'sAdventureinWonderland”isperhapsthemost(13)ofthis.
Children,leftforthemselves,often(14)theworstpossibleinterestinliterature.Justleaveachildinbookshopor(15)andhewill(16)willinglychoosethebookswritteninanimaginativeway,orhavealookatmostchildren'scomics,fullofthestoriesandjokeswhicharethe(17)ofteachersandright—thinkingparents.
Perhapsweparentsshouldstoptryingtobrainwashchildreninto(18)ourtasteinliterature.Afterallchildrenandadultsareso(19)thatweparentsshouldnotexpectthattheywillenjoythe(20)books.SoIsupposewe'lljusthavetocompromiseoverthatbedtimestory.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.hoped
B.realized
C.told
D.said
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.short
B.long
C.bad
D.good
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.easy
B.short
C.high
D.difficult
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.and
B.but
C.or
D.so
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.both
B.neither
C.either
D.very
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.child
B.father
C.mother
D.teacher
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.hears
B.buys
C.understands
D.reads
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.few
B.many
C.agreatdealof
D.agreatnumberof
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.but
B.however
C.so
D.because
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.hard
B.easy
C.enough
D.fast
問題11選項(xiàng)
A.articles
B.work
C.arts
D.works
問題12選項(xiàng)
A.grownups
B.girls
C.boys
D.children
問題13選項(xiàng)
A.difficult
B.hidden
C.obvious
D.easy
問題14選項(xiàng)
A.are
B.show
C.find
D.add
問題15選項(xiàng)
A.school
B.home
C.office
D.library
問題16選項(xiàng)
A.more
B.less
C.able
D.be
問題17選項(xiàng)
A.lovingness
B.interests
C.objections
D.readings
問題18選項(xiàng)
A.receiving
B.accepting
C.having
D.refusing
問題19選項(xiàng)
A.same
B.friendly
C.different
D.common
問題20選項(xiàng)
A.common
B.average
C.different
D.same
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:C
第5題:B
第6題:A
第7題:D
第8題:A
第9題:C
第10題:B
第11題:D
第12題:A
第13題:C
第14題:B
第15題:D
第16題:A
第17題:C
第18題:B
第19題:C
第20題:D
【解析】(1)結(jié)合上下文句意可知,這里填入realized最為恰當(dāng)。意為“他們意識(shí)到……”。選項(xiàng)B正確。
(2)根據(jù)下文“Thebestchildren'sbooks...”可推測(cè),這里指寫出一本好的兒童讀物是多么的難”選項(xiàng)D符合原文。
(3)根據(jù)下文“thechildrencan'tfollow...”可推測(cè),這里指作者定的目標(biāo)太高,孩子們無法理解故事。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。
(4)Either...or...為固定搭配,意為“不是...就是...,或者...或者...”。選項(xiàng)C正確。
(5)根據(jù)后面的nor課推測(cè),這里應(yīng)填入neither。neither...nor...意為“既不...也不...”,選項(xiàng)B正確。
(6)根據(jù)下文的“whohearsthestory”可以推測(cè),聽故事的應(yīng)該是child。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。
(7)根據(jù)句意可知,這里應(yīng)該指成年人讀書,所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。
(8)根據(jù)unfortunately可以推測(cè),這里應(yīng)該是與上文描述的相反。上文提到,好的兒童讀物既不能太難,也不能太簡(jiǎn)單,還要使聽故事的孩子和讀故事的大人們感到滿意。不幸的是,事實(shí)上很少有這樣的讀物。所以這里應(yīng)填入few,選項(xiàng)A符合原文。
(9)結(jié)合上下文可知,這里是得出結(jié)論,應(yīng)填入so,選項(xiàng)C符合原文。
(10)根據(jù)句意:所以找到一本好的床頭故事這個(gè)問題不容易解決。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。
(11)根據(jù)原文句意可知,這里指兒童文學(xué)這一類作品,再由前面的many可知,應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù),所以選項(xiàng)D正確。
(12)根據(jù)infact可以推測(cè),填空處應(yīng)該指成年人。句意:這也許就是為什么許多被認(rèn)為是兒童文學(xué)作品的書實(shí)際上是為成年人寫的。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。
(13)句意:《愛麗絲夢(mèng)游仙境》或許就是最明顯的一個(gè)例子。選項(xiàng)C符合原文語境。
(14)根據(jù)原文可知,孩子們自己看書可能會(huì)對(duì)文學(xué)不感興趣。與interest搭配且符合原文句意的只有選項(xiàng)B。
(15)根據(jù)bookshop以及下文,孩子們更樂意選擇幻想類的書籍可知,場(chǎng)所應(yīng)該是有很多書籍的地方,所以選項(xiàng)D更恰當(dāng)。
(16)根據(jù)句意可知,這里指孩子們更樂意選擇幻想類的書籍,選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
(17)根據(jù)原文可知,孩子們本應(yīng)該選擇文學(xué)作品來讀,但他們更樂意選擇幻想類的書籍或者都是故事和笑話的兒童漫畫,而這幾類書籍是老師和思想正統(tǒng)的父母?jìng)兯磳?duì)的,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。
(18)句意:或許我們做父母的應(yīng)該停止給孩子洗腦,逼迫他們接受我們對(duì)文學(xué)的品味。選項(xiàng)B符合原文句意。
(19)根據(jù)原文可知,這里指孩子與成年人不同,選項(xiàng)C符合原文語境。
(20)句意:家長(zhǎng)不應(yīng)該期望孩子像他們一樣喜歡同樣的書籍。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。
5.單選題
Thestudentsweresupposedto(
)theirassignmentbynow.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.finish
B.havefinished
C.finishing
D.havingfinished
【答案】B
【解析】句意:到現(xiàn)在為止,學(xué)生們應(yīng)該已完成作業(yè)了。
語法題。考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。由關(guān)鍵詞bynow(到現(xiàn)在為止)可知句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。Besupposedto后面應(yīng)該接動(dòng)詞原形have。故選B。
6.翻譯題
我們的大多數(shù)感覺都是被動(dòng)式的。以聽覺和視覺為例,我們只是簡(jiǎn)單地接受和分析聲音或光線。然而,觸覺則有所不同:我們用雙手主動(dòng)地去探索和改變現(xiàn)實(shí),因此我們?cè)诓杉畔r(shí)的活動(dòng)同樣也可以改變世界…例如用一塊粘土塑模或按動(dòng)某個(gè)按鈕。在提供人與人之間的直接接觸中,觸覺傳遞情感沖擊;在提供人與世界的直接接觸中,觸覺成為現(xiàn)實(shí)的確切標(biāo)志,正如:“掐我一下我是在做夢(mèng)嗎?”
【答案】Mostoursensesarepassive.Takinghearingandvisionasanexample,weonlysimplyreceiveandanalyzethesoundandlight.Touch,however,isdifferent.Weexploreandchangerealitywithourhandsvoluntarilyandthereforewecanalsochangetheworldwhilecollectinginformation,suchasmakingamodelwithclayorpressingabutton.Asameansofdirectcontactbetweenpeople,touchtransmitsemotionaleffect;inthedirectcontactbetweenmanandtheworld,touchbecomesasignofreality,suchas“pleasepinchme,amIdreaming?”
7.單選題
Many()cametothePresident’sreception.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.person
B.characters
C.people
D.notables
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。person“人”;character“性格,品質(zhì)”;people“人,人類”;notable“名人,顯要人物”。句意:許多顯要人物前來參加總統(tǒng)的招待會(huì)。
8.單選題
ThesummersessioninGeorgetownUniversitywasareallywonderfuloccasionwhichwewill(
)formanyyearstocome.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.discount
B.acquit
C.cherish
D.blur
【答案】C
【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。discount“打折扣”;acquit“無罪釋放”;cherish“珍惜”;blur“使……模糊不清”。句意:?jiǎn)讨味卮髮W(xué)暑期班是個(gè)很棒的場(chǎng)合,我們將在今后的許多年里都會(huì)珍惜它。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
9.單選題
Threehundredyearsagonewstravelledbywordofmouthorletter,andcirculatedintavernsandcoffeehousesintheformofpamphletsandnewsletters.“Thecoffeehousesparticularlyareveryroomyforafreeconversation,andforreadingataneasierrateallmannerofprintednews,”notedoneobserver.Everythingchangedin1833whenthefirstmass-audiencenewspaper,TheNewYorkSun,pioneeredtheuseofadvertisingtoreducethecostofnews,thusgivingadvertisersaccesstoawideraudience.Thepennypress,followedbyradioandtelevision,turnednewsfromatwo-wayconversationintoaone-waybroadcast,witharelativelysmallnumberoffirmscontrollingthemedia.
Now,thenewsindustryisreturningtosomethingclosertothecoffeehouse.Theinternetismakingnewsmoreparticipatory,socialanddiverse,revivingthediscursiveethosoftheerabeforethemassmedia.Thatwillhaveprofoundeffectsonsocietyandpolitics.Inmuchoftheworld,themassmediaareflourishing.Newspapercirculationrosegloballyby6%between2005and2009.Butthoseglobalfiguresmaskasharpdeclineinreadershipinrichcountries.
Overthepastdecade,throughouttheWesternworld,peoplehavebeengivingupnewspapersandTVnewsandkeepingupwitheventsinprofoundlydifferentways.Moststrikingly,ordinarypeopleareincreasinglyinvolvedincompiling,sharing,filtering,discussinganddistributingnews.Twitterletspeopleanywherereportwhattheyareseeing.Classifieddocumentsarepublishedtheirthousandsonline,MobilephonefootageofArabuprisingsandAmericantornadoesispostedonsocial-networkingsitesandshownontelevisionnewscasts.Social-networkingsiteshelppeoplefind,discussandsharenewswiththeirfriends.
Anditisnotjustreaderswhoarechallengingthemediaelite.TechnologyfirmsincludingGoogle,FacebookandTwitterhavebecomeimportantmeansofnews.Celebritiesandworldleaderspublishupdatesdirectlyviasocialnetworks;manycountriesnowmakerawdataavailablethrough“opengovernment”initiatives.Theinternetletspeoplereadnewspapersorwatchtelevisionchannelsfromaroundtheworld.Thewebhasallowednewprovidersofnews,fromindividualbloggerstosites,torisetoprominenceinaveryshortspaceoftime.Andithasmadepossibleentirelynewapproachestojournalism,suchasthatpracticedbyWikileaks,whichprovidesananonymouswayforwhistleblowerstopublishdocuments.Thenewsagendaisnolongercontrolledbyafewpressbaronsandstateoutlets.
Inprinciple,everyliberalshouldcelebratethis.Amoreparticipatoryandsocialnewsenvironment,witharemarkablediversityandrangeofnewssources,isagoodthing.Thetransformationofthenewsbusinessisunstoppable,andattemptstoreverseitaredoomedtofailure.Asproducersofnewjournalism,individualscanbescrupulouswithfactsandtransparentwiththeirsources.Asconsumers,theycanbegeneralintheirtastesanddemandingintheirstandards.Andalthoughthistransformationdoesraiseconcerns,thereismuchtocelebrateinthenoisy,diverse,vociferous,argumentativeandstridentlyaliveenvironmentofthenewsbusinessintheagesoftheinternet.Thecoffeehouseisback.Enjoyit.
1.Accordingtothepassage,whatinitiatedthetransformationofcoffee-housenewstomass-medianews?
2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsupports“Now,thenewindustryisreturningtosomethingclosertothecoffeehouse”?
3.Accordingtothepassage,whichisNOTaroleplayedbyinformationtechnology?
4.Theauthor’stoneinthelastparagraphtowardsnewjournalismis?______.
5.In“Thecoffeehouseisback”,coffeehousebestsymbolize?______.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Theemergenceofbigmassmediafirms.
B.Thepopularityofradioandtelevision.
C.Theappearanceofadvertisinginnewspapers.
D.Theincreasingnumberofnewspaperreaders.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Newspapercirculationrosegloballyby6%between2005and2009.
B.PeopleintheWesternworldaregivingupnewspapersandTVnews.
C.Classifieddocumentsarepublishedintheirthousandsonline.
D.Morepeopleareinvolvedinfinding,discussinganddistributingnews.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Challengingthetraditionalmedia.
B.Planningthereturntocoffee-housenews.
C.Providingpeoplewithaccesstoclassifiedfiles.
D.Givingordinarypeoplethechancetoprovidenews.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.optimisticandcautious
B.supportiveandskeptical
C.doubtfulandreserved
D.ambiguousandcautious
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.thechangingcharacteristicsofnewsaudience
B.themorediversifiedmeansofnewsdistribution
C.theparticipatorynatureofnews
D.themorevariedsourcesofnews
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:A
第5題:C
【解析】1.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文中第一段第三句Everythingchangedin1833whenthefirstmass-audiencenewspaper.(1833年,第一份大眾報(bào)紙問世,一切都改變了。)C選項(xiàng)“廣告在報(bào)紙上的出現(xiàn)”,符合文章內(nèi)容,報(bào)紙的出現(xiàn)引發(fā)了咖啡館新聞向大眾媒體新聞的轉(zhuǎn)變,C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“大型大眾傳媒公司的出現(xiàn)”,文章第一段提到,首先是報(bào)紙,其次才是媒體,因此A選項(xiàng)可排除。B選項(xiàng)“收音機(jī)和電視的普及”,文章媒體是繼報(bào)紙之后出現(xiàn)的,B選項(xiàng)可排除。D選項(xiàng)“越來越多的報(bào)紙讀者”,文章沒有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容,因此可排除。因此C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。
2.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第二句Moststrikingly,ordinarypeopleareincreasinglyinvolvedincompiling,sharing,filtering,discussinganddistributingnews.(最引人注目的是,越來越多的普通人參與到編輯、分享、過濾、討論和發(fā)布新聞中來)。D選項(xiàng)“更多的人參與尋找、討論和傳播新聞”,D選項(xiàng)最能夠支撐此觀點(diǎn),D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“從2005年到2009年,全球報(bào)紙發(fā)行量增長(zhǎng)了6%”,這只是陳述一件事實(shí),因此A選項(xiàng)可排除。B選項(xiàng)“西方世界的人們正在放棄報(bào)紙和電視新聞”,他們轉(zhuǎn)而以完全不同的方式來跟蹤事件。C選項(xiàng)“成千上萬的機(jī)密文件被公布在網(wǎng)上”,也不能最支撐這個(gè)觀點(diǎn),因此C選項(xiàng)可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)為正確答案。
3.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】推理判斷題。B選項(xiàng)“計(jì)劃回歸咖啡屋新聞”,新聞行業(yè)正在回歸到更接近咖啡屋的狀態(tài),但這不是信息技術(shù)的功勞,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“挑戰(zhàn)傳統(tǒng)媒體”,信息新技術(shù)的出現(xiàn),確實(shí)在一定程度上挑戰(zhàn)了傳統(tǒng)媒體,人們?cè)谝欢ǔ潭壬戏艞壛藞?bào)紙和電視新聞,因此A選項(xiàng)可排除。C選項(xiàng)“讓人們接觸機(jī)密文件”,信息新技術(shù)使人們接觸到了機(jī)密文件,因?yàn)槌汕先f的機(jī)密文件被公布在網(wǎng)上。因此C選項(xiàng)可排除。D選項(xiàng)“給普通人提供新聞的機(jī)會(huì)”,文章所說“普通人參與到編輯、分享、過濾、討論和發(fā)布新聞中來”,因此D選項(xiàng)可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。
4.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句Inprinciple,everyliberalshouldcelebratethis.(原則上,每一個(gè)自由主義者都應(yīng)該為此慶祝)以及第七句Asproducersofnewjournalism,individualscanbescrupulouswithfactsandtransparentwiththeirsources.(作為新興的新聞的生產(chǎn)者,個(gè)人可以對(duì)事實(shí)審慎,對(duì)消息來源透明),從中可以看出,作者的態(tài)度是積極的并且謹(jǐn)慎的,A選項(xiàng)“樂觀且謹(jǐn)慎”正確。因此A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。
5.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Amoreparticipatoryandsocialnewsenvironment,witharemarkablediversityandrangeofnewssources.(一個(gè)更具參與性和社會(huì)性的新聞環(huán)境,具有顯著的多樣性和新聞來源的范圍),可推測(cè)“咖啡屋的最佳象征”新聞的參與性。C選項(xiàng)“新聞的參與性”,概述了最開始是咖啡館是新聞的各種傳播方式,而所有的方式共同具有的特點(diǎn)就是通過人們的參與進(jìn)行相互傳播和擴(kuò)散,后文點(diǎn)明的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正在讓新聞回歸到前咖啡館時(shí)的發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài),使其變得更加具有參與性,C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“新聞受眾特征的變化”,文章沒有提到是新聞的受眾特征發(fā)生變化,可排除A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)“新聞傳播方式更加多樣化”,文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容,可排除。D選項(xiàng)“新聞來源越豐富”,文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容,可排除。因此C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。
10.單選題
Whilesomeofficejobswouldseem()tomanypeople,therearequiteafewjobsthatarestimulating,excitingandsatisfying.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.hostile
B.tedious
C.fantastic
D.courageous
【答案】B
【解析】hostile敵對(duì)的,充滿敵意的;tedious單調(diào)乏味的;fantastic極好的;courageous勇敢的。根據(jù)句意可知,填空處應(yīng)該是和下文提到的刺激,令人興奮和令人滿意相反意義的詞。所以選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
11.翻譯題
繼續(xù)推進(jìn)農(nóng)村稅費(fèi)改革,減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān),保護(hù)農(nóng)民利益。
1996年,世界上海拔最高的現(xiàn)代化的、多功能的大型圖書館西藏自治區(qū)圖書館建成開館。
中國不尋求霸權(quán)或支配世界事務(wù),而是倡導(dǎo)建立國際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序。
不堅(jiān)決懲治腐敗,黨同人民群眾的血肉聯(lián)系就會(huì)受到嚴(yán)重?fù)p害,黨的執(zhí)政地位就有喪失的危險(xiǎn),黨就有可能走向自我毀滅。
維護(hù)祖國統(tǒng)一事關(guān)中華民族的根本利益。中國人民將義無反顧地捍衛(wèi)國家主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整,絕不允許任何人以任何方式把臺(tái)灣從中國分裂出去。
【答案】Continuetopushforwardthereformofruraltaxesandfees,toalleviatefarmers’burdensandprotecttheinterestsofthefarmers.
In1996,alargemodemandmulti-functionallibraryofthehighestelevationintheworld,namelytheTibetAutonomousRegionLibrary,wasbuiltandopened.
Chinadoesnotseekhegemonyordominanceoverworldaffairs,butadvocatestoestablishanewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.
Withoutresolutelypunishingcorruption,theflesh-bloodrelationshipbetweenourPartyandthepeoplewillbeseverelydamaged,therulingstatusofourPartyruntheriskoflossandourPartyislikelytoheadtowardself-destruction.
TosafeguardnationalunitybearsonthefundamentalinterestoftheChinesenation.WeChinesepeoplewillsafeguardourstatesovereigntyandterritorialintegritywithfirmresolve.WewillneverallowanyonetoseparateTaiwanfromChinainanyway.
12.單選題
LastyearmarkedthethirdyearinarowthatIndonesia’sbleakrateofdeforestationhasslowedinpace.Onereasonfortheturnaroundmaybethecountry'santipovertyprogram.
In2007,Indonesiastartedphasinginaprogramthatgivesmoneytoitspoorestresidentsundercertainconditions,suchasrequiringpeopletokeepkidsinschoolorgetregularmedicalcare.CalledconditionalcashtransfersorCCTs,thesesocialassistanceprogramsaredesignedtoreduceinequalityandbreakthecycleofpoverty.They'realreadyusedindozensofcountriesworldwide.InIndonesia,theprogramhasprovidedenoughfoodandmedicinetosubstantiallyreduceseveregrowthproblemsamongchildren.
ButCCTprogramsdon'tgenerallyconsidereffectsontheenvironment.Infact,povertyalleviationandenvironmentalprotectionareoftenviewedasconflictinggoals,saysPaulFerraro,aneconomistatJohnsHopkinsUniversity.
That'sbecauseeconomicgrowthcanbecorrelatedwithenvironmentaldegradation,whileprotectingtheenvironmentissometimescorrelatedwithgreaterpoverty.However,thosecorrelationsdon'tprovecauseandeffect.Theonlypreviousstudyanalyzingcausality,basedonanareainMexicothathadinstitutedCCTs,supportedthetraditionalview.There,aspeoplegotmoremoney,someofthemmayhavemoreclearedlandforcattletoraiseformeat,Ferrarosays.
Suchprogramsdonothavetonegativelyaffecttheenvironment,though.FerrarowantedtoseeifIndonesia’spoverty-alleviationprogramwasaffectingdeforestation.Indonesiahasthethird-largestareaoftropicalforestintheworldandoneofthehighestdeforestationrates.Ferraroanalyzedsatellitedatashowingannualforestlossfrom2008to2012—includingduringIndonesia'sphase-inoftheantipovertyprogram—in7,468forestedvillagesacross15provincesandmultipleislands.TheduoseparatedtheeffectsoftheCCTprogramonforestlossfromotherfactors,likeweatherandmacroeconomicchanges,whichwerealsoaffectingforestloss.Withthat,“weseethattheprogramisassociatedwitha30percentreductionindeforestation,”Ferrarosays.
That'slikelybecausetheruralpoorareusingthemoneyasmakeshiftinsurancepoliciesagainstinclementweather,Ferrarosays.Typically,ifrainsaredelayed,peoplemayclearlandtoplantmorericetosupplementtheirharvests.WiththeCCTs,individualsinsteadcanusethemoneytosupplementtheirharvests.
Whetherthisresearchtranslateselsewhereisanybody'sguess.Ferrarosuggeststheimportanceofgrowingriceandmarketaccess.Andregardlessoftransferability,thestudyshowsthatwhat'sgoodforpeoplemayalsobegoodvalueoftheavoideddeforestationjustforcarbondioxideemissionsaloneismorethantheprogramcosts.
1.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,CCTprogramsaimto(
).
2.ThestudybasedonanareainMexicoiscitedtoshowthat(
).
3.InhisstudyaboutIndonesia,Ferrarointendstofindout(
).
4.AccordingtoFerraro,theCCTprograminIndonesiaismostvaluableinthat(
).
5.Whatisthetextcenteredon?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.facilitatehealthcarereform
B.helppoorfamiliesgetbetteroff
C.improvelocaleducationsystems
D.lowerdeforestationrates
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.cattlerearinghasbeenamajormeansoflivelihoodforthepool
B.CCTprogramshavehelpedpreservetraditionallifestyles
C.antipovertyeffortsrequiretheparticipationoflocalfarmers
D.economicgrowthtendstocauseenvironmentaldegradation
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.itsacceptancelevelofCCTs
B.itsannualrateofpovertyalleviation
C.therelationofCCTstoitsforestloss
D.theroleofitsforestsinclimatechange
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.itwillbenefitotherAsiancountries
B.itwillreduceregionalinequality
C.itcanprotecttheenvironment
D.itcanboostgrainproduction
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Theeffectsofaprogram.
B.Thedebatesoveraprogram.
C.Theprocessofastudy.
D.Thetransferabilityofastudy.
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:C
第5題:A
13.單選題
AllprogramscelebratingtheSpringFestivalintheCCTVhavebeen(relayed)toevenpartoftheworldthroughsatellites.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.received
B.reserved
C.rebroadcast
D.enjoyed
【答案】C
【解析】句意:央視所有慶祝春節(jié)的節(jié)目都通過衛(wèi)星轉(zhuǎn)播到世界各地。劃線詞的前綴是re-,選項(xiàng)A和B不符合句意,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。
14.單選題
Manycriticsagreedthatbyandlarge,thismoviewasasuccessintermsofactingandphotography.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.allatonce
B.byandby
C.tosomeextent
D.onthewhole
【答案】D
【解析】考查詞組辨析。byandlarge表示“大體上,總的來說”;A項(xiàng)allatonce“突然”,B項(xiàng)byandby“不久以后”,C項(xiàng)tosomeextent“某種程度上”,D項(xiàng)onthewhole“基本上”。句意:許多評(píng)論家一致認(rèn)為,總的來說,這部電影在表演和攝影方面都是成功的。根據(jù)句意可知,選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
15.單選題
ScientistsgenerallyagreethattheEarth’sclimatewillwarmupoverthenext50to100years______ithaswarmedinthe20,000yearssincetheIceAge.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.aslongas
B.asmuchas
C.aswellas
D.ashigheras
【答案】B
【解析】考查比較級(jí)用法。A項(xiàng)aslongas表示“只要,和……一樣長(zhǎng)”,B項(xiàng)asmuchas表示“差不多,和……一樣多”,C項(xiàng)aswellas表示“也,和……一樣”,D項(xiàng)ashigheras表示“和……一樣高”。根據(jù)句子前后意思可知,空格處缺少一個(gè)表示比較的詞語,被比較的對(duì)象是Earth’sclimatewillwarmup(地球氣候?qū)⑸仙?,所以B選項(xiàng)最符合。句意:科學(xué)家們普遍認(rèn)為,在未來的50年到100年里,地球的氣候?qū)?huì)變暖,與冰河時(shí)代以來的2萬年里變暖的程度一樣。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
16.單選題
Thesonofthepresidentemerged()fromthecourtafterallthechargesagainsthimweredroppedbecauseofalackofevidence.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.downhearted
B.unfavorable
C.despicable
D.triumphant
【答案】D
【解析】句意:在所有指控因缺乏證據(jù)而被撤銷后,總統(tǒng)的兒子得意洋洋地從法庭走了出來。
考查形容詞辨析。downhearted沒精打采的,垂頭喪氣的;unfavorable不宜的,令人不快的,不順利的;despicable可恥的;triumphant成功的,得意洋詳?shù)?。因此D符合句意。
17.單選題
Toomuch()toX-rayscancauseskinburnscancerorotherdamagetothebody.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.disclosure
B.exhibition
C.contact
D.exposure
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)disclosure“披露,揭發(fā)”;B選項(xiàng)exhibition“展覽,顯示”;C選項(xiàng)contact“接觸”;D選項(xiàng)exposure“暴露”。句意:過多地暴露在X光下會(huì)導(dǎo)致皮膚灼傷、產(chǎn)生癌癥或造成其他身體上的損傷。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。
18.單選題
Withoutdepartingfromthefundamentallawsoftheselfishgene,wecanseehowcooperationandmutualassistancecan___eveninabasicallyselfishworlD.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.flourish
B.flutter
C.fluctuate
D.flush
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)flourish“繁榮,茂盛;茁壯成長(zhǎng),處于旺盛時(shí)期;揮舞;炫耀”;B選項(xiàng)flutter“飄動(dòng);(鳥或昆蟲)鼓翼;飛來飛去;(心臟等)怦怦亂跳;(人)奔忙”;C選項(xiàng)fluctuate“波動(dòng);漲落;動(dòng)搖”;D選項(xiàng)flush“發(fā)紅;使發(fā)光;因……興奮;沖洗,沖掉;把……趕出隱藏地;使暴露;綻出新芽;嵌平”。句意:在不違背自私基因的基本規(guī)律的情況下,我們可以看到即使在一個(gè)基本自私的世界里,合作和互助也是可以繁榮發(fā)展的。結(jié)合句意,A為正確答案。
19.單選題
Foodsubsidiesarenecessaryforkeepingdownthepriceofdairyproductsandbread.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.controls
B.aids
C.accumulations
D.transformations
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)controls“控制;控制裝置”;B選項(xiàng)aids“艾滋病”;C選項(xiàng)accumulations“積聚,累積;堆積物”;D選項(xiàng)transformations“轉(zhuǎn)變”。句意:食品補(bǔ)貼對(duì)于壓低乳制品和面包的價(jià)格是必要的。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵短語keepingdowntheprice(壓低價(jià)格),得知A選項(xiàng)正確。
20.單選題
Hehasneverworriedabouthispropertiesbecausehehas()themagainstdisastersandtheft.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.assured
B.ensured
C.insured
D.secured
【答案】C
【解析】形近詞辨析。根據(jù)句意可知,這里指投保。只有選項(xiàng)C表示投保,所以正確。
21.單選題
Whetheryouareloggingontoyourpersonalcomputer,usingacreditcard,ordisarmingadoorsecuritysystem,passwordsorPINs(personalidentificationnumbers)guardaccesstonumerousregularoperations.
Itisestimatedthatwithintenyears,consumerscouldbefacedwithhandlingmorethan100passwords!Giventhepopularityofpasswords,howcanyouchooseonesthataresufficientlycomplicatedtobesecureyetaresimpleenoughtoremember?
Therearebasicguidelinestobearinmind.Don’tuseasapasswordyournameorthatofamemberofyourfamily,eveninmodifiedform.Alsoavoidusingyourtelephonenumber,yourSocialSecuritynumber,oryouraddress.Suchinformationcaneasilybeobtainedbyadeterminedhacker.
Inaddition,ifpossible,don’tusepasswordsmadeupentirelyoflettersordigits.Arelativelysimplecomputerprogramcancracksuchacodequickly.Finally,donotuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionary,evenaforeign-languageone.Hugelistsareavailablethatcontainwords,placenames,andpropernamesfromalllanguages.Programscantestforvariationsofthesewords,suchasiftheyarespelledbackward,capitalized,orcombined.
So,whatkindsofpasswordsshouldbeused?Usuallyonesthathaveaminimumofsixtoeightcharactersandthathaveamixtureofupper-andlower-caseletters,digitandpunctuationsymbols.Howdifficultisittocracksuchacombinationofcharacters?Onesourcesays,“Amachinethatcouldtryonemillionpasswordspersecondwouldrequire,ontheaverage,overonehundredyears.”
Howcanyouchooseacombinationthatiseasytoremember?Somesuggestthatyoutakethetitleofafavoritebookorfilmoralinefromasongorpoemandusethefirstletterfromeachwordasyourpassword,addingcapitalletters,punctuation,orothercharacters.Forexample,“tobeornotbe”couldbecome“2B/not2B.”
Othersuggestionsincludetakingtwoshortwordsandlinkthemwithapunctuationcharacter,suchas“High?Bug”or“Song;Tree”.
Takingintoaccountthesuggestionsoutlinedabovecanhelpyoutoprotectimportantinformationfromunwantedhackers.Remember,too,theimportanceofchangingyourpasswordsregularly.Justafinalcomment:Whateverpasswordsyoudecidetouse,don’tpickanyoftheexamplesgivenabove.
1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?
2.Whyshouldn’tweuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionaryasapassword?
3.Ifyouarechoosingapasswordforyourcomputer,whichofthefollowingisthebestchoice?
4.Howcanyouchooseapasswordthatisbothsecureandsimpletoremember?
5.Theword“Given”inParagraph2canbebestreplacedby().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Howtostrengthensecuritythroughapassword.
B.Howtochooseapasswordthatiseasytoremember.
C.Howtopreventyourpasswordfrombeingcracked.
D.Howtochooseasafeandconvenientpassword.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Becauseitcanbeeasilyrememberedbyacomputerhacker.
B.Becausecomputerprogramscancrackit.
C.Becausecomputerhackersaredeterminedtocrackit.
D.Becausethelistsaresohugethatthewordsarenoteasytoremember.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.iaHgnahs
B.19730508
C.2B/not2B
D.Re-B,pl2
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Takingthetitleofyourfavoritebookorfilm.
B.Takingalinefromasongorpoemyoulikebest.
C.Makingupanonsensicalwordwhichcannotbefoundinanydictionary.
D.Usingtwoshortwordslinkedwithapunctuationcharacter.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Fixed
B.Granted
C.Supposed
D.Presented
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:D
第5題:C
【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干:這篇文章的主旨是?這文章全文是關(guān)于“密碼”。文章第一段就出現(xiàn)了passwords和PINs。第二段即引出文章主旨,如何選擇既安全又簡(jiǎn)單易記的密碼。后面的內(nèi)容對(duì)這個(gè)問題做出了回答,所以選項(xiàng)D“如何選擇一個(gè)安全方便的密碼”正確。A選項(xiàng)“如何通過密碼加強(qiáng)安全性”,是文章第五段的主要內(nèi)容。B選項(xiàng)“如何選擇一個(gè)容易記住的密碼”,是文章第六段的主要內(nèi)容。C選項(xiàng)“如何防止你的密碼被破解”,是文章第三,四段的主要內(nèi)容。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。
2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:為什么我們不能用一個(gè)在任何字典里都能找到的詞作為密碼呢?由題干定位到第四段第三、四、五句話Finally,donotuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionary,evenaforeign-languageone.Hugelistsareavailablethatcontainwords,placenames,andpropernamesfromalllanguages.Programscantestforvariationsofthesewords,suchasiftheyarespelledbackward,capitalized,orcombined.(最后,不要使用任何詞典中都能找到的詞,即使是外語詞典。巨大的列表是可用的,包含單詞,地名,和來自所有的語言的專有名稱。比較簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算機(jī)程序能夠很快地破譯這類密碼,比如它們是倒寫、大寫還是組合。),所以本題B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)橛?jì)算機(jī)程序可以破解它”,符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)殡娔X黑客很容易記住它”,是因?yàn)槿菀妆黄平馑圆荒苡茫]有提到是否容易記憶,A選項(xiàng)排除。C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)殡娔X黑客會(huì)下定決心破解它”,文章提到是有程序可以破解,而不是黑客會(huì)下決心破解,所以C選項(xiàng)不符合題意。D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)閱卧~表是如此之大以至于單詞不容易記住”,在文中并沒有提及。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。
3.推理判斷題。如果你正在為你的電腦選擇一個(gè)密碼,以下哪個(gè)是最好的選擇?根據(jù)第四段第一句話Inaddition,ifpossible,don’tusepasswordsmadeupentirelyoflettersordigits.(另外,如果可能的話,不要使用完全由字母或數(shù)字組成的密碼。),可排除A和B選項(xiàng)。這篇文章的最后一句講到Justafinalcomment:Whateverpasswordsyoudecidetouse,don’tpickanyoftheexamplesgivenabove.(無論你決定選擇什么密碼,不要采用上面提到的任何一個(gè)例子。),而C選項(xiàng)正是文章所給的例子,所以排除。所以只有D選項(xiàng),有不同種類的符號(hào)、數(shù)字、橫線等的組合,才是最好的選擇。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。
4.推理判斷題。題干:如何選擇既安全又容易記憶的密碼呢?根據(jù)文章第七段Othersuggestionsincludetakingtwoshortwordsandlinkthemwithapunctuationcharacter(還有建議就是使用兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的單詞,并用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)將它們連接起來),可知D選項(xiàng)“用兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的單詞連上一個(gè)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)”,符合題意。根據(jù)文章第六段第二句Somesuggestthatyoutakethetitleofafavoritebookorfilmoralinefromasongorpoemandusethefirstletterfromeachwordasyourpassword,addingcapitalletters,punctuation,orothercharacters.(有人建議你用最喜歡的書或電影的標(biāo)題,或一首歌曲或一首詩的臺(tái)詞,把每個(gè)單詞的首字母作為你的密碼,加上大寫字母、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)或其他字符。),可知,A選項(xiàng)“選你最喜歡的書或電影的名字”和B選項(xiàng)“從你最喜歡的歌或詩中選取一句”,都不全面,選擇書或者電影名字會(huì)容易被程序破解,所以B,C都不正確。C選項(xiàng)“編了一個(gè)在任何字典里都找不到的無意義的詞”,隨便編出來的沒有意義的詞會(huì)很容易忘記,所以C選項(xiàng)排除。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。
5.推理判斷題。題干:第二段的“Given”,可以由單詞________替代。由題干定位到第二段Itisestimatedthatwithintenyears,consumerscouldbefacedwithhandlingmorethan100passwords!Giventhepopularityofpasswords,howcanyouchooseonesthataresufficientlycomplicatedtobesecureyetaresimpleenoughtoremember?(據(jù)估計(jì),在10年內(nèi),消費(fèi)者可能要處理100多個(gè)密碼!考慮到密碼的流行,你如何選擇一個(gè)足夠復(fù)雜的安全而又足夠簡(jiǎn)單的記憶密碼呢?),A選項(xiàng)“確定,固定”,B選項(xiàng)“授予,允許”,C選項(xiàng)“假定,設(shè)想”,D選項(xiàng)“提出,提供”。文章是對(duì)10年后情況的推測(cè),所以應(yīng)該選擇C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
22.單選題
Noonecanbeagreatthinkerwhodoesnotrealizethatasathinkeritisherfirstdutytofollowherintellecttowhateverconclusionsitmaylead.
Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindiv
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