考研考博-英語-大連航運職業(yè)技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大連航運職業(yè)技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

Putthefollowing3ChinesesentencesintoEnglishand3EnglishsentencesintoChinese.

事實上，與普通高校畢業(yè)生相比，名校畢業(yè)生由于享受更好的資源、受到更好的教育，所以他們也就更有創(chuàng)造力和生產(chǎn)力。而且，從知名高校畢業(yè)的學生會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己無論在心理上還是在學術上都更突出一些，因而也更加自信，這就形成了良性循環(huán)。

幾周以前，英國食品標準局(FSA)發(fā)表了一份報告。報告評估了有機生產(chǎn)的水果、蔬菜、肉類、蛋類和奶制品等與非有機生產(chǎn)的同類食品營養(yǎng)水平的差異。這是一項完整而嚴謹?shù)难芯俊Ｍㄟ^研究他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在營養(yǎng)成分上，有機和非有機食品間的差距可以忽略不計。

根據(jù)心理學家克里斯托弗?彼得森的觀點，自尊與幸福度和生活滿意度有關。我們尊心越強，幸福度和生活滿意度就越高。它要求我們對自己的自尊有清醒的認識，但不要期待自己會十全十美。要原諒自己犯下的錯誤，并盡快擺脫消極的態(tài)度。

Theobesityisanationalhealthcrisis,onethat—quiteliterally—weighsonusall.Itcostslives.Itcostsdollars.Andinthecontextofourcurrenthealth-reformdebateinWashington,it’stimewetookaction,asanationandasindividuals,toaddressthiscost.Whileinfectiousdiseasewasadisasterthreateningourgrandparents'generation,chronicdiseaseiskillingusandharmingourwell-being—andobesityistherootcause.Thegrowthinobesityisstronglylinkedtoheartdisease,hypertension,andtheexplosionofdiabetesthatourcountryiscurrentlyexperiencing.

Thecontextofleadershipischanging,andthehistoricalemphasisonhardpowerisbecomingoutdated.Inmoderncompaniesanddemocracies,powerisincreasinglydiffusedandtraditionalhierarchiesarebeingundermined,makingsoftpowerevermoreimportant.Butthatdoesnotmeancoercionshouldnowtakeabackseattopersuasion.Instead,thereshouldbeasynthesisofthesetwoviews.TheconclusionofThePowertoLead,stressesacombinationofhardandsoftpower,whichiscalledsmartpower,isthebestapproach.

ForEmilyDickinsontherearethreeworlds,andshelivedinallofthem,makingthemthesubstanceofeverythingthatshethoughtandwrote.Therewastheworldofnature,thethingsandthecreaturesthatshesaw,heard,feltabouther;therewasthe"estate"thatwastheworldoffriendship;andtherewastheworldoftheunseenandunheard.Fromheryouthshewaslookeduponasdifferent.Shewasdirect,impulsive,original,andthedrollwitwhosaidunconventionalthingswhichothersthoughtbutdarednotspeak,andsaidthemincomparablywell.Thecharacteristics,whichmadeherinscrutabletothosewhoknewher,continuetobewilderandsurprise,forshelivedbyparadoxes.

【答案】Asamatteroffact,thegraduatesfromeliteschoolsaremorecreativeandproductivethanthosefromcommonschools,asbetterresourcesandeducationareavailablefortheformer.Furthermore,whatcontributestothebetterdevelopmentisthatthegraduatesfromeliteschoolsaremoreconfident,becausetheyfindthemselvesoutstandingbothinmentalityandinacademy.

Afewweeksago,theFoodStandardsAgency(FSA)intheUKissuedareportevaluatingnutrientlevelsinorganicversusnon-organicfoodslikefruits,vegetables,meats,eggs,anddairyproducts.Itisacomplete,rigorouspieceofresearch.Andtheyfoundthat,intermsofnutritionalcontent,thedifferencesbetweenorganicandnon-organicfoodsarenegligible.

Thepsychologist,ChristopherPeterson,suggestthatself-esteemisrelatedtohappinessandlifesatisfaction.Thestrongertheself-esteemis,themorehappinessandlifesatisfactionyouwillachieve.Wearerequiredtohaveareasonableunderstandingthatself-esteemdoesnotmeanalwaysbeingperfectandweshouldforgiveourmistakesandgetridofthenegativeattitudeassoonaspossible.

肥胖是一場全國性的健康危機，并且毫不夸張地說，它對我們大家都很重要。它危險生命、消耗金錢。目前在華盛頓進行的醫(yī)療改革談論中，現(xiàn)在是我們作為一個國家和個人采取行動解決這一問題的時候了。雖然傳染病曾威脅我們祖父母一代，但慢性疾病正在折磨著我們，侵蝕著我們的幸福，而肥胖是根本原因。肥胖的增長與我國目前正在經(jīng)歷的心臟病、高血壓和糖尿病的爆發(fā)密切相關。

領導力發(fā)揮作用的環(huán)境正在發(fā)生改變，因此過去強調(diào)硬實力的理論正逐漸過時。在現(xiàn)代企業(yè)和民主國家，權力日益擴散，傳統(tǒng)的等級制度正在受到破壞，使軟實力變得更加重要。但是那并不意味著高壓政治現(xiàn)在應該讓位于勸導手段。相反，應該綜合這兩種觀點?！额I導的力量》這本書的結論強調(diào)稱為巧實力的軟硬實力的結合才是最好的方法。

對艾米麗?狄金森來說，存在三種世界，她生活在這三種世界之中，使它們成為她思想和寫作的材料。一種是自然的世界，為她所看、所聽、所感受到的事物和生物；一種是友情的世界，是屬于“個人財產(chǎn)”；還有一種看不見、聽不見的世界。從她年輕的時候起，人們就認為她與眾不同。她直率、沖動、獨樹一幟。另外，她還是一位愛打趣的才女，是那種能說出別人想說去敢說說的不合常規(guī)的想法，而且說得非常好。這些使她不為所知曉她的人所理解的性格特征繼續(xù)令人迷惑和驚訝，因為她生活在矛盾之中。

2.單選題

Theygaveeachotheragoldringtosymbolizetheirmarriage______.

問題1選項

A.approval

B.commitment

C.consent

D.obligation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項approval“批準（計劃、要求等）”；B選項commitment“承諾，保證”；C選項consent“（正式）贊同；批文”；D選項obligation“（已承諾的或法律等規(guī)定的）義務，責任”。句意：他們互贈金戒指象征他們婚姻的______。B選項commitment“承諾；保證”在這里比較符合語境，指金戒指象征婚姻的承諾，符合題意。因此B選項正確。

3.單選題

Thedefinitionofaestheticpleasureisapopularsubjectformanydifferentfields.Inthefollowing,adaptedfromanarticlefoundinasciencejournal,aphysicistdiscussestheuniqueperspectivethathisdisciplineallowshim.

Sincetimeimmemorial,countlessscholarshaveaskedthequestion:Whatisbeauty?Asphilosophersengageinweightydiscourses,designersupdatethelatestfashions,andartistscreatetheirmasterpieces,whatisconsideredbeautifulchangesatanalarmingpace.Fiftyyearsago,thefull-figuredMarilynMonroeembodiedtheAmericanaestheticvalue;today,alegionofHollywoodactressesvastlydifferentinappearancefromMarilyn’shavetakenherplace.However,aestheticvaluesnotonlydifferfromgenerationtogeneration,butdosoalongculturallinesaswell.TheconventionsthatgovernpaintingandmusicvarygreatlyfromEasttoWest.Often,whatisconsideredrepellenttooncivilizationisthepinnacleofaestheticappealinanother.Thus,whenlefttothesphereofhumandesign,thesearchforanabsolutedefinitionofbeautyremainsanelusiveoneatbest.

Asfundamentalphysicists,mycolleaguesandIliketobelievethatweareinvolvedinasearchforabeautythatdoesnotremainimpervioustodefinition.Thebeautythatwesearchforisnotthatwhichislaiddownthroughtheworkofpeopleandsubjecttoephemeraltastes,butratherthatwhichhasbeenestablishedbyNature.Thosenotinvolvedwithphysicstendtothinkofitasapreciseandpredictivescience—certainlynotafieldofstudyfitforthecontemplationofthebeautiful.Yetoneofphysics’greatestgiftsisthatitallowsitsstudentstolookpastextrinsicappearances,intoamoreoverwhelmingbeauty.Asahumanbeing,Iamcaptivatedbythevisualappealofawavecrashingonthebeach.Asaphysicisthowever,Ipossesstheabilitytobecaptivatedbythemuchdeeperbeautyofthephysicallawsthatgovernsuchaphenomenon.Wherethenon-physicistseesalovelybutinexplicableevent,thewell-schooledphysicistisabletoperceiveabrilliantdesign.

Intruth,sincethedaythatAlbertEinsteinfirstproposedthenotionthattheremightbeoneoverarchingphysicaltheorythatgovernstheuniverse,aestheticshavebecomeadrivingforceinmodernphysics.WhatEinsteinandwe,ashisintellectualdescendants,havediscoveredisthis:Nature,asitsmostfundamentallevel,isbeautifullyconstructed.Theremarkablesimplicityofthelawsthatgovernstheuniverseis,attimes,nothingshortofbreath-taking.Andateverystep,asnewdiscoveriesandtechnologiesallowustoexaminethephysicalworldondeeperanddeeperlevels,wefindthatthebeautyitselfbecomesmoreprofound.AsEinsteinhimselfsaid,itwouldseemmorelikelythatweshouldfindourselveslivinga“chaoticworld,innowaygraspablethroughthinking.”Yethereweare,closerthanevertoafullunderstandingoftheuniverse’sbeautifulclockwork.

31.Thereferenceto“MarilynMonroe”inParagraph1primarilyservesto______.

32.Theauthor’sassertioninParagraph1(“whatisconsideredrepellent…inanother”)suggeststhat______.

33.AsusedinParagraph2,thephrase“l(fā)aiddown”mostnearlymeans______.

34.Theauthorusesthewords“ephemeral”and“Nature”(Paragraph2)inorderto______.

35.Inthecourseofoutliningthevariousgiftsofphysics,theauthorcitesallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

問題1選項

A.provideanexampleoftoday’sstandardsofbeauty

B.discussherabilitiesasanactress

C.demonstratehowsusceptibleaestheticsaretochange

D.comparetraditionsofEastandWest

問題2選項

A.culturesarenaturallydestinedtoclash

B.manycivilizationsarepronetodisgustingbehavior

C.individualstendtodisagreeonwhattheyfindbeautiful

D.itisnearlyimpossibletosaywhatistrulybeautiful

問題3選項

A.created

B.rested

C.slept

D.secured

問題4選項

A.contrasttheconceptofimpermanentbeautywiththebeautyforwhichphysicssearches

B.evaluatetheeffectivenessofphysicsasanartform

C.discusshowphysicistsvisualizebeauty

D.criticizepeoplewhodon’tunderstandphysics

問題5選項

A.theabilitytolookforabeautythatisunchanging

B.appreciatingthevisualbeautyofawavecrashing

C.agreatercomprehensionofNature’sways

D.seeingadeeperdesigninnaturalevents

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】31.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干意思是“第一段中提到的瑪麗蓮夢露主要是用來……”。定位到第一段第三句Fiftyyearsago,thefull-figuredMarilynMonroeembodiedtheAmericanaestheticvalue;Today,alegionofHollywoodactressesvastlydifferentinappearancefromMarilyn’shavetakenherplace.（50年前，豐滿的瑪麗蓮夢露體現(xiàn)了美國人的審美價值；如今，一群外貌與瑪麗蓮大相徑庭的好萊塢女演員取代了她的位置），結合前一句whatisconsideredbeautifulchangesatanalarmingpace（被認為是美的東西在以驚人的速度變化）可知，第一段提到瑪麗蓮夢露是用來舉例說明美的變化，C項“說明美學是如何變化的”正確。A項“提供一個今天的審美標準的例子”為反向干擾，瑪麗蓮夢露是50年前的審美標準。B項“討論她作為演員的能力”和D項“比較東方和西方的傳統(tǒng)”沒提到，屬于無中生有。因此，該題選擇C項。

32.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干意思是“作者在第1段的斷言‘whatisconsideredrepellent…inanother’表明……”。定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句Often,whatisconsideredrepellenttooncivilizationisthepinnacleofaestheticappealinanother.（通常，在文明上被認為是排斥的東西是另一個文明的審美情趣的頂峰），根據(jù)下一句Thus,whenlefttothesphereofhumandesign,thesearchforanabsolutedefinitionofbeautyremainsanelusiveoneatbest.（因此，在人類設計領域，對美的絕對定義的探索充其量也是難以捉摸的）可知，在不同的文明中審美標準不同，所以對美的定義很難確定，由thus可知，這一句是作者在第一段的斷言的結論，故D項“幾乎不可能說出什么是真正的美麗”正確。A項“文化沖突是天生的”屬于無中生有，文中沒有提到文化沖突。B項“許多文明都傾向于令人作嘔的行為”曲解原文，文中只是提到在一個文明中排斥的東西在另一個文明中是審美頂峰，并沒有說這就是一種令人作嘔的行為。C項“每個人對他們認為美麗的事物往往意見不一”屬于無中生有，在這里并沒有提到個人對美麗事物的不同意見。因此，該題選擇D項。

33.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語義推測題。題干意思是“正如第2段中使用的，短語laiddown最可能的意思是……”。定位第二段第二句Thebeautythatwesearchforisnotthatwhichislaiddownthroughtheworkofpeopleandsubjecttoephemeraltastes,butratherthatwhichhasbeenestablishedbyNature.（我們所尋找的美，不是那些通過人們的工作而laiddown的美，也不是那些一時的趣味所支配的美，而是那些由自然形成的美），which引導的定語從句中用到了not…but…句型，but后面用到的動詞是establish，所以not后面的laiddown的意思應該與之相近，故A項“創(chuàng)造”正確。B項“休息”、C項“睡覺”和D項“保護”都不符合。因此，該題選擇A項。

34.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者在第2段使用ephemeral和Nature是為了……”。定位第二段第二句Thebeautythatwesearchforisnotthatwhichislaiddownthroughtheworkofpeopleandsubjecttoephemeraltastes,butratherthatwhichhasbeenestablishedbyNature.（我們所尋找的美，不是那些通過人們的工作而建立起來的美，也不是那些一時的趣味所支配的美，而是那些由自然形成的美）可知，物理學家探索的美是自然形成的，而不是短暫趣味所支配的；所以可推斷，作者用ephemeral和nature是為了將短暫的美和物理學所尋找的自然美作對比，ephemeral相當于impermanent，故A項“將無常之美與物理學所追求的美進行對比”符合題意。B項“評估物理作為一種藝術形式的有效性”，文中并沒有提到物理是一種藝術形式，該項無中生有。C項“討論物理學家如何形象化美”在該處也沒有體現(xiàn)，屬于無中生有。D項“批評不懂物理的人”屬于曲解原文，作者并沒有描述批評性的語言。因此，該題選擇A項。

35.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干意思是“在概述物理學的各種天賦的過程中，作者引用了除了……以外的所有內(nèi)容”。定位到第二段Yetoneofphysics’greatestgiftsisthatitallowsitsstudentstolookpastextrinsicappearances,intoamoreoverwhelmingbeauty.Asahumanbeing,Iamcaptivatedbythevisualappealofawavecrashingonthebeach.Asaphysicisthowever,Ipossesstheabilitytobecaptivatedbythemuchdeeperbeautyofthephysicallawsthatgovernsuchaphenomenon.Wherethenon-physicistseesalovelybutinexplicableevent,thewell-schooledphysicistisabletoperceiveabrilliantdesign.（然而，物理學最偉大的天賦之一，就是它允許學生們?nèi)タ催^去的外在表象，進入一種更為壓倒性的美。作為一個人，我被海浪沖擊海灘的視覺吸引力所吸引。然而，作為一名物理學家，我有能力被支配這種現(xiàn)象的物理定律的更深層的美所吸引。當非物理學家看到一個可愛但無法解釋的事件時，受過良好教育的物理學家能夠感知到一個出色的設計。）可知，在概述物理學天賦中，B項“欣賞海浪撞擊的視覺美感”、C項“對自然的方式有更大的理解”和D項“在自然事件中看到更深層次的設計”都有被引用到。而這一段中，并沒有提到過unchanging的事物，A項“尋找永恒之美的能力”有出入，屬于無中生有。因此，該題選擇A項。

4.單選題

TheGovernmenthasthereforeagreedtopayauthoritiesextrasumsto（）fortheirfinanciallosses.

問題1選項

A.makeup

B.turnup

C.fillin

D.leanon

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項makeup“組成，編造，彌補”；B選項turnup“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生”；C選項fillin“填寫”；D選項leanon“依賴，靠在……上”。句意：政府因此同意向當局支付額外的金額，以彌補他們的經(jīng)濟損失。makeupfor意為“補償，彌補”，選項A正確。

5.單選題

You’refillingouttheapplicationformforapositionyoureallyneed;let’sassumeyouonceactuallycompletedacoupleofyearsofcollegeworkoreventhatyoucompletedyourdegree.Isn’tittemptingtoliejustalittle,toclaimontheformthatyourdiplomarepresentsaHarvarddegree?OrthatyoufinishedanextracoupleofyearsbackatStateUniversity?

Moreandmorepeopleareturningtoutterdeceptionlikethistolandtheirjobortomoveaheadintheircareers,forpersonnelofficers,likemostAmericans,valuedegreesfromfamousschools.Ajobapplicantmayhaveagoodeducationanyway,butheorsheassumesthatchancesofbeinghiredarebetterwithadiplomafromawell-knownuniversity.Registrarsatmostwell-knowncollegessaytheydealwithdeceitfulclaimsliketheseattherateofaboutperweek.

Personnelofficersdocheckupondegreeslistedonapplicationforms.Ifitturnsoutthatanapplicantislying,mostcollegesarereluctanttoaccusetheapplicantdirectly.OneIvyLeagueschoolcallsthem“imposters”；anotherreferstothemas“specialcases”.Onewell-knownWestCoastschool,inperhapsthemostdelicatephraseofall,saysthattheseclaimsaremadeby“nosuchpeople”.

Toavoidoutrightlies,somejob-seekersclaimthatthey“wereassociatedwith”acollegeoruniversity.Aftercarefullychecking,aspersonnelofficermaydiscoverthat“attending”meansbeingdismissedafteronesemester.Itmaybethat“beingassociatedwith”acollegemeansthatthejobseekervisitedhisyoungerbrotherforafootballweekend.Oneschoolthatkeepsrecordsoffalseclaimssaysthatthepracticedatesbackatleasttotheturnofthecentury--that’swhentheybegankeepingrecords,anyhow.

Ifyoudon’twanttolieorevenstretchthetruth,therearecompaniesthatwillsellyouaphonydiploma.Onecompany,withofficesinNewYorkandontheWestCoast,willputyournameonadiplomafromanynumberofnonexistentcolleges.Thepricebeginsataroundtwentydollarsforadiplomafrom“SmootUniversity”.Thepricesincreaserapidlyforadegreefromthe“UniversityofPurdue”.AsthereisnoSmootStateandtherealschoolinIndianaiscalledPurdueUniversity,thepricesseemratherhighforonesheetofpaper.

1.Themainideaofthispassageisthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,“specialcases”(Para.3)referstocaseswhere（

）.

3.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat

（

）.

4.Thispassageimpliesthat

（

）.

5.Theword“utter”(Para.2)probablymeans（

）.

問題1選項

A.employersarecheckingmorecloselyonapplicantsnow

B.lyingaboutcollegedegreeshasbecomeawidespreadproblem

C.Collegedegreescannowbepurchasedeasily

D.employersarenolongerinterestedincollegedegrees

問題2選項

A.studentsattendaschoolonlypart-time

B.studentsneverattendedaschooltheylistedontheirapplication

C.studentspurchasefalsedegreesfromcommercialfirms

D.studentsattendedafamousschool

問題3選項

A.performanceisabetterjudgeofabilitythanacollegedegree

B.experienceisthebestteacher

C.pastworkhistoriesinfluencepersonnelofficersmorethandegreesdo

D.adegreefromafamousschoolenablesanapplicanttogainadvantageoverothersinjobcompetition

問題4選項

A.buyingafalsedegreeisnotmoral

B.personnelofficersonlyconsiderapplicantsfromfamousschools

C.mostpeoplelieonapplicationsbecausetheyweredismissedfromschool

D.societyshouldbegreatlyresponsibleforlyingonapplications

問題5選項

A.address

B.thorough

C.ultimate

D.decisive

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。題目問的是“這篇文章的主旨是什么？”文章主要講述了越來越多的人在求職時對他們的學歷撒謊，以及形成這種現(xiàn)象的原因。選項B“在學歷方面撒謊已經(jīng)成了普遍的問題”符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可知，第三段提到的‘特殊情況’指的是什么？”文章第三段提到人事專員會驗證求職者列出來的學歷，當被證實求職者在撒謊時，大部分學校不會直接譴責那個撒謊的求職者，比如，有所常春藤學校稱其為“騙子”（imposters），另一所學校稱其為“特殊情況”(specialcases)，說明這些求職者并不是這些學校的學生，因此選項B符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文章我們能了解到什么？”文章第二段提到“人事專員跟大多數(shù)美國人一樣注重名校的學歷。求職者雖然受到了良好的教育，但是他們認為如果畢業(yè)于名校，被錄取的機會更高（forpersonnelofficers,likemostAmericans,valuedegreesfromfamousschools.Ajobapplicantmayhaveagoodeducationanyway,butheorsheassumesthatchancesofbeinghiredarebetterwithadiplomafromawell-knownuniversity）”，因此選項D“名校的學歷能讓求職者在競爭中有優(yōu)勢”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“這篇文章暗示了什么？”文章第二段提到越來越多的人在找工作的時候撒謊，因為像大部分美國人一樣，人事專員非?？粗孛W歷（Moreandmorepeopleareturningtoutterdeceptionlikethistolandtheirjobortomoveaheadintheircareers,forpersonnelofficers,likemostAmericans,valuedegreesfromfamousschools），即這么多人選擇撒謊，是因為社會看重名校學歷。因此，選項D“社會應該對求職者撒謊負很大責任”符合題意。

第5題:詞義題。題目問的是“第二段中的‘utter’一詞是什么意思？”文章第二段中“utter”后面的“this”指上文提到的“聲稱自己的畢業(yè)證書代表著哈佛大學的學位”（claimontheformthatyourdiplomarepresentsaHarvarddegree），由此可知utter是“說”的意思。選項A符合題意。

6.翻譯題

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.

Psychologicallytherearetwodangerstobeguardedagainstinoldage.Oneoftheseisundueabsorptionsinthepast.Itdoesnotdotoliveinmemories,inregretsforthegoodolddays,orinsadnessaboutfriendswhoaredead.One’sthoughtsmustbedirectedtothefuture,andtothingsaboutwhichthereissomethingtobedone.Thisisnotalwayseasy;one’sownpastisagraduallyincreasingweight.Itiseasytothinktooneselfthatone’semotionsusedtobemorevividthantheyare,andone’smindmorekeen.Ifthisistrueitshouldbeforgotten,andifitisforgottenitwillprobablynotbetrue.

Myfavoritequotationisthesentenceabove,writtenbyDisraeli.Ithashelpedmethroughmanyapainfulexperience.Oftenweallowourselvestobeupsetsmallthingsweshoulddespiseandforget.Perhapssomemanwehelpedhasprovedungrateful...somewomanwebelievedtobeafriendhasspokenillofus...somerewardwethoughtwedeservedhasbeendeniedus.Wefeelsuchearthdisappointmentsostronglythatwecannolongerworkorsleep.But,isn’tthatabsurd?Hereweareonthisearth,withonlyafewmoredecadestolive,andwelosemanyirreplaceablehoursbroodingovergrievancesthat,inayear’stime,willbeforgottenbyusandbyeverybody.No,letusdevoteourlifetoworthwhileactionsandfeelings,togreatthoughts,realaffectionsandenduringundertakings.Forlifeistooshorttobelittle.

【答案】從心理上講，人到老年有兩種危險需要防范。一種是對過去的過度吸收。不能活在回憶中，活在對過去美好時光的悔恨中，活在對死去的朋友的悲傷中。人的思想必須指向未來，指向未來需要完成的事情。這并不總是容易的。一個人的過去是一份不斷加重的負擔，人們?nèi)菀渍J為自己過去的情感比現(xiàn)在強烈，過去的頭腦比現(xiàn)在敏銳。如果這是真的，就應該忘記它；如果它能被忘掉，那么它將不是事實。

我最喜歡的引語就是上面這句由迪斯雷利寫的話。它幫助我度過了許多痛苦的經(jīng)歷。我們通常讓自己為一些我們本應不屑一顧，拋諸腦后的小事苦惱?？赡苁俏覀儙椭^的某人忘恩負義……那些我們以為是朋友的某女士在背后詆毀我們……沒能得到我們自認為應得的獎賞。我們對這些事情感到極度失望，以至于難以工作和睡覺。但是，這不是很荒唐嗎？我們在這個地球上，只有幾十年生命，可是卻浪費了許多一去不復返的時間去沉思那些在一年之內(nèi)自己與別人都會忘懷的冤屈。不！讓我們把生命奉獻給有價值的行為和感情，奉獻給偉大的思想、真正的情感和不朽的事業(yè)。因為生命太短，不能被瑣事耽誤。

7.單選題

Nowletuslookathowweread.Whenwereadaprintedtext,oureyesmoveacrossapageinshort,jerkymovement.Werecognizewordsusuallywhenoureyesarestillwhentheyfixate.Eachtimetheyfixate,weseeagroupofwords.Thisisknownastherecognitionspanorthevisualspan.Thelengthoftimeforwhichtheeyesstop—thedurationofthefixation—variesconsiderablyfrompersontoperson.Italsovarieswithinanyonepersonaccordingtohispurposeinreadingandhisfamiliaritywiththetext.Furthermore,itcanbeaffectedbysuchfactorsaslightingandtiredness.

Unfortunately,inthepast,manyreadingimprovementcourseshaveconcentratedtoomuchonhowoureyesmoveacrosstheprintedpage.Asaresultofthismisleadingemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsofreading,numerousexerciseshavebeendevisedtotraintheeyestoseemorewordsatonefixation.Forinstance,insomeexercises,wordsareflashedontoascreenfor,say,atenthoratwentiethofasecond.Oneoftheexerciseshasrequiredstudentstofixtheireyesonsomecentralpoint,takinginthewordsoneitherside.Suchwordpatternsareoftenconstructedintheshapeofrathersteeppyramidssothereadertakesinmoreandmorewordsateachsuccessivefixation.Alltheseexercisesareveryclever,butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.Readingrequirestheabilitytounderstandtherelationshipbetweenwords.Consequently,forthesereasons,manyexpertshavenowbeguntoquestiontheusefulnessofeyetraining,especiallysinceanyapproachwhichtrainsapersontoreadisolatedwordsandphraseswouldseemunlikelytohelphiminreadingacontinuoustext.

1.ThetimeoftherecognitionspancanbeaffectedbythefollowingfactsEXCEPT________.

2.Theauthormaybelievethatreading________.

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently”inParagraph2?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

5.Thetuneoftheauthorinwritingthisarticleis________.

問題1選項

A.thelengthofagroupofwords

B.lightingandtiredness

C.one’sfamiliaritywiththetext

D.one’spurposeinreading

問題2選項

A.demandsadeeply-participatingmind

B.demandsmoremindthaneyes

C.requiresareadertotakeinmorewordsateachfixation

D.requiresareadertoseewordsmorequickly

問題3選項

A.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveanefficientreading.

B.Thereadingexercisesmentionedhasdoneagreatjobtoimproveone’sabilitytoseewords.

C.Theabilitytoseewordsisnotneededwhenanefficientreadingisconducted.

D.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveboththeabilitytoseeandtocomprehendwords.

問題4選項

A.Theemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsismisleading.

B.Theeyetrainingwillhelpreadersinreadingacontinuoustext.

C.Thevisualspanisawordoragroupofwordsweseeeachtime.

D.Manyexpertsbegantoquestiontheefficiencyofeyetraining.

問題5選項

A.pessimistic

B.optimistic

C.critical

D.neutral

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語義推測題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句Italsovarieswithinanyonepersonaccordingtohispurposeinreadingandhisfamiliaritywiththetext.Furthermore,itcanbeaffectedbysuchfactorsaslightingandtiredness.（每個人的閱讀目的和對文本的熟悉程度也不同。此外，它還會受到光照和疲勞等因素的影響。），可知識別廣度受閱讀目的、對文本的熟悉程度、光照和疲勞的影響，B選項“光照和疲勞”、C選項“對課文的熟悉程度”和D選項“閱讀的目的”符合文章內(nèi)容，A選項“一組單詞的長度”不符合文章內(nèi)容。因此A選項正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句Readingrequirestheabilitytounderstandtherelationshipbetweenwords.（閱讀需要理解單詞之間的關系。），可知作者認為記單詞需要頭腦去理解，A選項“需要大腦的深度參與”正確。根據(jù)第二段第一句Unfortunately,inthepast,manyreadingimprovementcourseshaveconcentratedtoomuchonhowoureyesmoveacrosstheprintedpage.（不幸的是，在過去，許多閱讀提高課程過于關注我們的眼睛如何在印刷的頁面上移動。），可知作者不贊同純視覺訓練的方法，C選項“要求讀者在每一個固定位置都要接收更多的單詞”和D選項“要求讀者提高看單詞的速度”錯誤。B選項“需要的更多是頭腦而不是眼睛”：作者沒有提到更多需要頭腦還是眼睛參與。因此A選項正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段五、六句thereadertakesinmoreandmorewordsateachsuccessivefixation.Alltheseexercisesareveryclever,butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.（讀者在每次連續(xù)固定的時候會看到更多的單詞。所有這些練習都很巧妙，但提高一個人看單詞的能力是一回事，提高他有效閱讀的能力是另一回事。），可知這個方法可以提高看單詞的能力，但是不能提高有效閱讀的能力，A選項“文中提到的閱讀練習不能幫助提高閱讀效率”正確，D選項“文中提到的閱讀練習不能幫助提高看單詞和理解單詞的能力”錯誤。B選項“文中提到的閱讀練習對提高看清單詞的能力起到了很大的作用”：原文沒有說這個練習在多大程度上提高了看清單詞的能力，這里更多是在強調(diào)這個練習方法的不足之處。C選項“當進行有效閱讀時，不需要有看單詞的能力”：文中沒有提到。因此A選項正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句manyexpertshavenowbeguntoquestiontheusefulnessofeyetraining,especiallysinceanyapproachwhichtrainsapersontoreadisolatedwordsandphraseswouldseemunlikelytohelphiminreadingacontinuoustext.（許多專家現(xiàn)在開始質(zhì)疑視力訓練的有效性，特別是因為任何訓練閱讀孤立的單詞和短語的方法似乎不太可能幫助閱讀連續(xù)的文本。），可知D選項“許多專家開始質(zhì)疑眼部訓練的效率”符合文章內(nèi)容；這種純視覺的訓練方法對閱讀連續(xù)的文本不太有幫助，A選項“強調(diào)純視覺方面是有誤導性的”符合文章內(nèi)容，B選項“眼睛訓練將幫助讀者閱讀連續(xù)的文本”不符合文章內(nèi)容。C選項“視覺廣度是我們每次看到的一個詞或一組詞”：根據(jù)第一段第四、五句Eachtimetheyfixate,weseeagroupofwords.Thisisknownastherecognitionspanorthevisualspan.（每次他們注視時，我們都會看到一組單詞。這被稱為識別廣度或視覺廣度。），可知符合文章內(nèi)容。因此B選項正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】觀點態(tài)度題。作者在第一段提出我們是如何閱讀的和什么因素會影響閱讀，第二段提出純視覺的訓練如何進行以及效果，最后轉而提出這個訓練不能提高閱讀能力，并且許多專家開始質(zhì)疑這個訓練的有效性，所以C選項“批判的”正確。A選項“悲觀的”，B選項“樂觀的”和D選項“中立的”不符合題意。因此C選項正確。

8.單選題

AgroupoflabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooper,arebringinginthenewyearwithacalltoinstituteaUK"townofculture"award.Theproposalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcityofculturetitle,whichwasheldbyHullin2017andhasbeenawardedtoCoventryfor2021.CooperandhercolleaguesarguethatthesuccessofthecrownforHull,whereitbroughtin￡220mofinvestmentandanavalancheofarts,oughtnottobeconfinedtocities.Britain'stowns,itistrue,arenotpreventedfromapplying,buttheygenerallylacktheresourcestoputtogetherabidtobeattheirbiggercompetitors.Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.

SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerabletoapplyforthemuchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asought-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990andLiverpoolin2008.AcynicmightspeculatethattheUKisonthevergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverofself-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselfforthepost-Brexitworld:aftertownofculture,whoknowswhatwillfollow—villageofculture?Suburbofculture?Hamletofculture?

Itisalsowisetorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotacure-all.Abadlyrun"yearofculture"washesinandoutofaplacelikethetide,bringingprominenceforaspellbutleavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity.Thereallysuccessfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringinhigh-profileartseventsandgoodpressforayear.Theytransformtheaspirationsofthepeoplewholivethere;theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoabolderandmoreoptimisticlight.Itishardtogetright,andrequiresaremarkabledegreeofvision,aswellascooperationbetweencityauthorities,theprivatesector,communitygroupsandculturalorganizations.Butitcanbedone:Glasgow'syearasEuropeancapitalofaculturecancertainlybeseenasoneofacomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthecityintothepowerhouseofart,musicandtheatrethatitremainstoday.

A“townofculture"couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonoringatown’speculiarities—helpingsustainitshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveallcelebratingitspeople.JeremyWright,theculturesecretary,shouldwelcomethispositive,hope-filledproposal,andturnitintoaction.

1.Copperandhercolleaguearguethata"townofculture"awardwould（

）.

2.Accordingtoparagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas（

）.

3.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonl