考研考博-英語-天津工藝美術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津工藝美術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Ascientistwhodoesresearchineconomicpsychologyandwhowantstopredictthewayinwhichconsumerswillspendtheirmoneymuststudyconsumerbehavior.Hemustobtaindatabothontheresourcesofconsumersandonthemotivesthattendtoencourageordiscouragemoneyspending.

Ifaneconomistwereaskedwhichofthreegroupsborrowmost—peoplewithrisingincomes,stableincomes,ordecliningincomes—hewouldprobablyanswer:thosewithdecliningincomes.Actually,intheyears1947-1950,theanswerwas:peoplewithrisingincomes.Peoplewithdecliningincomeswerenextandpeoplewithstableincomesborrowedtheleast.Thisshowsusthattraditionalassumptionsaboutearningandspendingarenotalwaysreliable.Anothertraditionalassumptionisthatifpeoplewhohavemoneyexpectpricestogoup,theywillhastentobuy.Iftheyexpectpricestogodown,theywillpostponebuying.Butresearchsurveyshaveshownthatthisisnotalwaystrue.Theexpectationsofpriceincreasesmaynotstimulatebuying.Onetypicalattitudewasexpressedbythewifeofamechanicinaninterviewasatimeofrisingprices.“Inafewmonths,”shesaid,“we’llhavetopaymoreformeatandmilk;we’llhavelesstospendonotherthings.”Herfamilyhadbeenplanningtobuyanewcarbuttheypostponedthispurchase.Furthermore,theriseinpricesthathasalreadytakenplacemayberesentedandbuyer’sresistancemaybeevoked.Thisisshownbythefollowingtypicalcomment:“Ijustdon’tpaytheseprices;theyaretoohigh.”

Traditionalassumptionsshouldbeinvestigatedcarefully,andfactorsoftimeandplaceshouldbeconsidered.TheinvestigationsmentionedabovewerecarriedoutinAmerica.InvestigationsconductedatthesametimeinGreatBritain,however,yieldedresultsthatweremoreinagreementwithtraditionalassumptionsaboutsavingandspendingpatterns.Theconditionmostconductivetospendingappearstobepricestability.Ifpriceshavebeenstableandpeoplehavebecomeaccustomedtoconsiderthem“right”andexpectthemtoremainstable,theyarelikelytobuy.Thus,itappearsthatthecommonbusinesspolicyofmaintainingstablepriceswithoccasionalsalesordiscountsisbasedonacorrectunderstandingofconsumerpsychology.

31.Theexampleofthemechanic’swifeisintendedtoshowthatintimesofrisingprices________.

32.FindingsininvestigationsinBritainindicate________.

33.Accordingtothepassagepeopletendtobuymorewhen________.

34.Thebesttitleofthepassageis:________.

35.Thewordevokedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.peoplewithdecliningincometendtobuyless

B.peoplewithstableincometendtoborrowless

C.peoplewithincreasingincometendtobuymore

D.peoplewithmoneyalsotendtobuyless

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.certainfactorsshouldbetakenintoaccount

B.peopleinBritainbehaveinthesamewayasthoseinAmerica

C.pricestabilityresultsfromacorrectunderstandingofconsumerpsychology

D.occasionaldiscountsandsalesarenecessary

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.pricesareexpectedtogoup

B.pricesareexpectedtogodown

C.pricesdon’tchange

D.thebusinesspolicyremainsunchanged

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Consumer’sPurchasingPower

B.RelationshipbetweenIncomeandPurchasingPower

C.TraditionalAssumptions

D.StudiesinConsumerBehavior

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.proscribed

B.revoked

C.conjuredup

D.exclaimed

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】31.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第八、九句Theexpectationsofpriceincreasesmaynotstimulatebuying.Onetypicalattitudewasexpressedbythewifeofamechanicinaninterviewasatimeofrisingprices.（價格上漲的預(yù)期可能不會刺激購買。一名機(jī)修工的妻子在一次采訪中表達(dá)了一種典型的態(tài)度，當(dāng)時物價正在上漲。），可知有錢的人在價格上漲的時候也會少買東西，所以D選項(xiàng)“有錢的人也傾向于少買東西”正確。A選項(xiàng)“收入下降的人往往買得更少”，B選項(xiàng)“有穩(wěn)定收入的人傾向于少借錢”和C選項(xiàng)“收入增加的人傾向于買更多的東西”錯誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

32.語義推測題。根據(jù)第三段一、二、三句Traditionalassumptionsshouldbeinvestigatedcarefully,andfactorsoftimeandplaceshouldbeconsidered.TheinvestigationsmentionedabovewerecarriedoutinAmerica.InvestigationsconductedatthesametimeinGreatBritain,however,yieldedresultsthatweremoreinagreementwithtraditionalassumptionsaboutsavingandspendingpatterns.（應(yīng)認(rèn)真研究傳統(tǒng)假設(shè)，并考慮時間和地點(diǎn)因素。上述調(diào)查是在美國進(jìn)行的。然而，與此同時在英國進(jìn)行的調(diào)查得出的結(jié)果更符合有關(guān)儲蓄和支出模式的傳統(tǒng)假設(shè)），在英國的研究考慮了某些因素以后，結(jié)果更符合假設(shè)，所以A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該考慮某些因素”正確，B選項(xiàng)“英國人的行為舉止和美國人一樣”在這里沒有提到。C選項(xiàng)“價格穩(wěn)定源于對消費(fèi)者心理的正確理解”和D選項(xiàng)“有必要偶爾打折和銷售”：和研究沒有直接的關(guān)系，故錯誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

33.語義推測題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Ifpriceshavebeenstableandpeoplehavebecomeaccustomedtoconsiderthem“right”andexpectthemtoremainstable,theyarelikelytobuy.（如果價格一直保持穩(wěn)定，而且人們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于認(rèn)為價格是“正確的”，并期望價格保持穩(wěn)定，他們可能會購買。），可知在價格穩(wěn)定的時候，人們會買東西，所以C選項(xiàng)“價格不變”正確，A選項(xiàng)“價格預(yù)計會上漲”和B選項(xiàng)“價格預(yù)計會下降”錯誤。D選項(xiàng)“商業(yè)措施不變”：根據(jù)文章最后一句thecommonbusinesspolicyofmaintainingstablepriceswithoccasionalsalesordiscounts（通過偶爾的銷售或折扣來保持價格穩(wěn)定的商業(yè)政策），這里說通過商業(yè)措施的變動來穩(wěn)定價格，不是不變，故錯誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

34.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Ascientistwhodoesresearchineconomicpsychologyandwhowantstopredictthewayinwhichconsumerswillspendtheirmoneymuststudyconsumerbehavior.（一個研究經(jīng)濟(jì)心理學(xué)并想預(yù)測消費(fèi)者花錢方式的科學(xué)家必須研究消費(fèi)者行為。），隨后通過研究得出消費(fèi)者心理影響消費(fèi)者消費(fèi)方式，所以D選項(xiàng)“消費(fèi)者行為研究”正確。A選項(xiàng)“消費(fèi)者的購買力”，B選項(xiàng)“收入和購買力的關(guān)系”和C選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)假設(shè)”都是文章部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文，故錯誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

35.詞義辨析題。Evoked意思是喚起（感情、記憶或形象），所以C選項(xiàng)“使在腦海中浮現(xiàn)，使聯(lián)想起”正確。A選項(xiàng)“譴責(zé)；宣布禁止”，B選項(xiàng)“撤銷”和D選項(xiàng)“呼喊”意思不符，故錯誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thegovernmentlackedmoneybecauseofbitingoil（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prices

B.stations

C.buildings

D.revenues

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。price“價格；價值”；station“車站；駐地；地位”；building“建筑；建筑物”；revenue“稅收，稅收收入”。句意：政府因?yàn)榧值氖褪杖攵卞X。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.翻譯題

TheopeningofDisneylandwillbringmanyassociatedinvestmentopportunities.Atleastfoureconomicsectorswillbenefitdirectly.First,propertymarkets.HousingandcommercialrealestatepricesaroundtheDisneylandareaarealreadyrising.Second,thetourismsector.Aftertheopening,analystsexpect3to5millionmoretouristswillvisitShanghaieveryyear,bringmorebusinesstohotels,travelagenciesandretails.Third,brandmarketingwillgiveaboosttotoymanufactures,publishersandthegamingindustry.Fourth,constructioncompaniesandmaterialsupplierswillenjoyahugeincrease,comparabletothe2010ShanghaiworldExpo.Disneyland’sfirstphaseofconstructionisexpectedtocost24billionyuan.

【答案】迪士尼在上海開園會帶來許多相關(guān)的投資機(jī)會。至少有四個經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域?qū)⒅苯邮芤妗Ｊ紫仁欠康禺a(chǎn)市場。迪士尼樂園周圍的地產(chǎn)商業(yè)價格已經(jīng)上漲。其次是旅游業(yè)。開園后，分析師預(yù)測每年有300萬到500萬甚至更多的游客將訪問上海，這給酒店、旅行社和零售商帶來更多的生意。再次，品牌營銷將促進(jìn)玩具制造業(yè)、出版業(yè)和游戲行業(yè)的發(fā)展。不僅如此，施工企業(yè)和材料供應(yīng)商的業(yè)務(wù)量將大幅度增長，堪比2010年上海世博會。迪士尼樂園的第一期工程預(yù)計將耗資240億人民幣。

4.單選題

Nobodyknewhowhecameupwiththis（

）ideaaboutthetrip.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.weary

B.twilight

C.unanimous

D.weird

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:沒有人知道他是怎么想出這么一個旅行點(diǎn)子。

weary:疲倦的，使人厭煩的。twilight:虛幻的，暮年的。unanimous:意見一致的。weird:怪異的，不可思議的。故D項(xiàng)符合句意。

5.單選題

Inthe20thcentury,allthenightmare-novelsofthefutureimaginedthatbookswouldbeburnt.Inthe21thcentury,ourdystopiasimagineaworldwherebooksareforgotten.Topluckjustone,GarySteynghart’snovelSuperSadTrueLoveStorydescribesaworldwhereeverybodyisobsessedwiththeirelectronicapparatus—anevenmoreomnivorousiPhonewithaflickeringstreamofshoppingandrealityshowsandporn—andhavesomehowcometobelievethatthefewremainingunreadpaperbooksletoffaranksmell.Thebookonthebook,itsuggests,isclosing.

Thebook—thephysicalpaperbook—isbeingcircledbyashoalofsharks,withsalesdown9percentthisyearalone.It’sbeingchewedbythee-book.It’sbeinggoredbythedeathofthebookshopandthelibrary.Andmostimportantly,thementalspaceitoccupiedisbeingerodedbythethousandWeaponsofMassDestructionthatsurroundusall.It’shardtoadmit,butweallsenseit:itisbecomingalmostphysicallyhardertoreadbooks.

InhisgorgeouslittlebookTheLostArtofReading—WhyBooksMatterinaDistractedTime,thecriticDavidUlinadmitstoastrangefeeling.Allhislife,hehadtakenreadingasforgrantedaseating—butthen,afewyearsago,he“becomeaware,inanapartmentfullofbooks,thatIcouldnolongerfindwithinmyselfthequietnecessarytoread”.Hewouldsitdowntodoitatnight,ashealwayshad,andreadafewparagraphs,thenfindhismindwaswandering,imploringhimtocheckhisemail,orTwitter,orFacebook.“WhatI’mstrugglingwith,”hewrites,“istheencroachmentofthebuzz,thesensethatthere’ssomethingouttherethatmeritsmyattention.”

Ithinkmostofushavethissensetoday,ifwearehonest.Ifyoureadabookwithyourlaptopthrummingontheothersideoftheroom,itcanbeliketryingtoreadinthemiddleofaparty,whereeverybodyisshoutingtoeachother.Toread,youneedtoslowdown.Youneedmentalsilenceexceptforthewords.That’sgettinghardertofind.

No,don’tmisunderstandme.Iadoretheweb,andtheywillhavetowrenchmyTwitterfeedfrommycolddeadhands.Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanantediluvianrantagainstthegloriesofourwiredworld.Butthere’sareasonwhythatword—“wired”—meansboth“connectedtotheinternet”and“high,frantic,unabletoconcentrate”.

Intheageoftheinternet,physicalpaperbooksareatechnologyweneedmore,notless.Inthe1950s,thenovelistHermanHessewrote:“Themoretheneedforentertainmentandmainstreameducationcanbemetbynewinventions,themorethebookwillrecoveritsdignityandauthority.Wehavenotyetquitereachedthepointwhereyoungcompetitors,suchasradio,cinema,etc,havetakenoverthefunctionsfromthebookitcan’taffordtolose.”

31.BymentioningtheworkofGarySteynghart,theauthorintendsto________.

32.Themostsignificantreasonforthefallingsalesofpaperbooksisthat________.

33.Accordingtoparagraph3,wecaninferthat________.

34.Theexplanationoftheword“wired”probablyindicatesthat________.

35.Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthormostprobablyagreeon?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advocatetheideathatreadingphysicalpaperbooksisoutoffashion

B.introduceabrandnewelectronicproductevenmoreomnivorousthaniPhone

C.provethatbookswillbeoutweighedbyrealityshowsandporninthefuture

D.indicatethatbooksareleftoutinfictionsdescribingthefutureworld

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.electronicbooksaretakingovermoreandmoremarketshareofpaperbooks

B.people’mindsdon’thavethespaceforreadingduetoallkindsoftemptation

C.bookstoresareoutofbusinessaspeopleprefertoborrowingbooksfromthelibrary

D.peoplethinkthingsontheInternetaremoreworthyoftheirattention

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.peopleareinclinedtotakereadingforgranted

B.people’mindsareencroachedbytheInternet

C.it’shardtoconcentrateonreadingnowadays

D.DavidUlin’sbookgivesreadersastrangefeeling

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.peoplealwaysmisunderstandthefunctionsofinternet

B.Internetispartlyresponsibleforthevanishingofpaperbooks

C.peoplecalltheinternet“wiredworld”forareason

D.Internetwilltakeoverthefunctionsofpaperbooks

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Truereaderscanmaintainreadinginallkindsofenvironment,includingnoisyone.

B.TheInternetshouldbestrictlycondemnedforendangeringphysicalpaperbooks.

C.Physicalpaperbooksarefacingextremedangerofbeingreplacedbyotherthings.

D.Readingbooksisn’tinaccordancewiththeincreasingneedforentertainment.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Inthe20thcentury,allthenightmare-novelsofthefutureimaginedthatbookswouldbeburnt…Topluckjustone,GarySteynghart’snovel…describesaworldwhereeverybodyisobsessedwiththeirelectronicapparatus—anevenmoreomnivorousiPhonewithaflickeringstreamofshoppingandrealityshowsandporn—andhavesomehowcometobelievethatthefewremainingunreadpaperbooksletoffaranksmell.（在20世紀(jì)，所有關(guān)于未來的可怕小說都想象書會被燒毀……只舉一個例子，GarySteynghart的小說……描述了一個世界，在這里每個人都沉迷于電子設(shè)備——一個更無所不包的蘋果手機(jī)，里面有閃爍的購物車、真人秀和色情——不知怎么的，人們開始認(rèn)為剩下的幾本沒讀過的紙書散發(fā)一股臭味。）可知在第一段中作者主要想表達(dá)在描述未來的書中不會有書的位置，所以D選項(xiàng)“表明在描述未來世界的小說中沒有書”正確，沒有說到真人秀等事物和書籍的關(guān)系，故C選項(xiàng)“證明書籍在未來將被真人秀和色情所取代”錯誤。A選項(xiàng)“提倡閱讀紙質(zhì)書已經(jīng)過時的觀點(diǎn)”和B選項(xiàng)“推出一款比iPhone更雜項(xiàng)的全新電子產(chǎn)品”：文章沒有提到，故錯誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

32.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Andmostimportantly,thementalspaceitoccupiedisbeingerodedbythethousandWeaponsofMassDestructionthatsurroundusall.（最重要的是，它所占據(jù)的精神空間正在被我們周圍數(shù)以千計的大規(guī)模毀滅性武器所侵蝕。），可知紙質(zhì)書銷量下降主要是因?yàn)樽x者的思想被其他的東西占據(jù)，所以B選項(xiàng)“由于各種各樣的誘惑，人們的思維沒有空間來閱讀”正確。A選項(xiàng)“電子圖書正在占領(lǐng)越來越多的市場份額的紙質(zhì)書”：根據(jù)第二段第二句It’sbeingchewedbythee-book.（它正在被電子書啃噬。），可知文中有提到，但這不是主要原因，故錯誤。C選項(xiàng)“書店因?yàn)槿藗兏矚g從圖書館借書而歇業(yè)”：根據(jù)第二段第三句It’sbeinggoredbythedeathofthebookshopandthelibrary.（它受到書店和圖書館落寞的沖擊。），可知書店和圖書館沒有直接聯(lián)系，也不是主要原因，故錯誤。D選項(xiàng)“人們認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的東西更值得他們關(guān)注”：文章沒有提及，故錯誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句It’shardtoadmit,butweallsenseit:itisbecomingalmostphysicallyhardertoreadbooks.（這很難承認(rèn)，但我們都能感覺到：閱讀書籍正變得越來越困難。），接著在第三段第一句thecriticDavidUlinadmitstoastrangefeeling（評論家DavidUlin承認(rèn)他有一種奇怪的感覺），這種感覺就是couldnolongerfindwithinmyselfthequietnecessarytoread（再也無法在自己內(nèi)心找到閱讀所必需的安靜），綜合來看，C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在很難集中精力讀書”正確。A選項(xiàng)“人們傾向于視閱讀理所當(dāng)然”：根據(jù)第三段第二句Allhislife,hehadtakenreadingasforgrantedaseating（在他的一生中，他把閱讀當(dāng)作理所當(dāng)然的飲食），這是David的想法，而不是人們普遍的想法，故錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“人們的思想被互聯(lián)網(wǎng)侵占”：這在之前就提到，也不是這一段表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯誤。D選項(xiàng)“DavidUlin的書給讀者一種奇怪的感覺”不符合文章內(nèi)容，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

34.語義推測題。根據(jù)第五段第三、四句Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanantediluvianrantagainstthegloriesofourwiredworld.Butthere’sareasonwhythatword—“wired”—meansboth“connectedtotheinternet”and“high,frantic,unabletoconcentrate”.（喜愛網(wǎng)絡(luò)不會變成不合時宜地對網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界的繁榮進(jìn)行痛斥。但這就是“wired”這個詞既表示“連接互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”，又表示“興奮、瘋狂、無法集中注意力”的原因。），這里的無法集中注意力指的是不能靜下來讀書，所以這里表達(dá)的是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓人不像以前那樣讀書多了，B選項(xiàng)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對紙質(zhì)書的消失負(fù)有部分責(zé)任”正確，人們不會因?yàn)槠渌蚨饣ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)本身，所以A選項(xiàng)“人們總是誤解互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的功能”錯誤。C選項(xiàng)“人們稱互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為‘連線世界’是有原因的”：不是這里要表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，并且這是對原文的重述，不屬于推斷，故錯誤。D選項(xiàng)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將取代紙質(zhì)書的功能”：文章沒有提到，故錯誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

35.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章提到的越來越多的誘惑讓人不能集中注意力來看書，人們的思維空間被其他的東西占滿而騰不出空間看書，可知C選項(xiàng)“紙質(zhì)書正面臨被其他東西取代的極端危險”符合文章意思，所以正確。A選項(xiàng)“真正的閱讀者可以在各種環(huán)境中保持閱讀，包括嘈雜的環(huán)境”：根據(jù)第四段Ifyoureadabookwithyourlaptopthrummingontheothersideoftheroom,itcanbeliketryingtoreadinthemiddleofaparty,whereeverybodyisshoutingtoeachother…That’sgettinghardertofind.（如果你在房間的另一邊用筆記本電腦砰砰地讀一本書，這就像你在一個派對上看書，每個人都在互相大喊大叫……這越來越難找了）文章說到因?yàn)檎T惑太多越來越難集中注意力讀書，沒有說到真正的閱讀者是怎樣的，故錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)該被嚴(yán)厲譴責(zé)危害紙質(zhì)書”：根據(jù)第五段No,don’tmisunderstandme.Iadoretheweb…Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanantediluvianrantagainstthegloriesofourwiredworld.（不，別誤會我。我熱愛網(wǎng)絡(luò)……這不會變成不合時宜地對網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界的繁榮的痛斥。），可知作者不認(rèn)為要譴責(zé)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，故錯誤。D選項(xiàng)“閱讀書籍不符合日益增長的娛樂需求”：根據(jù)第六段第二句Themoretheneedforentertainmentandmainstreameducationcanbemetbynewinventions,themorethebookwillrecoveritsdignityandauthority.（新發(fā)明越能滿足娛樂和主流教育的需求，書就越能恢復(fù)其地位和權(quán)威。），可知娛樂得到滿足對書籍發(fā)展有利，與文章意思不符，故錯誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmileyoumustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretariesyoumaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.

Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses’convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninwhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.“Whoisthat?”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“Oh,that’sGod.”Camethereply,butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.

Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit'llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman’snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn’tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficerorthetelephonesystem.

Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpractice,sothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit’sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.

Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote“Ifatfirstyoudon’tsucceed,giveup’’oraplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.

1.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould（）.

2.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurse,theyare（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices（）.

4.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience

B.addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople

C.makefunofthedisorganizedpeople

D.showsympathyforyourlisteners

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.impolitetonewarrivals

B.verybusyevenduringlunchhours

C.entitledtosomeprivileges

D.veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock

B.arethefocusofpublicattention

C.areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor

D.havebenefitedmanypeople

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Inwell-wordedlanguage

B.asawkwardlyaspossible

C.ascasuallyaspossible

D.inexaggeratedstatements

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“為了讓你的幽默奏效，你應(yīng)該怎么做？”文章第一段第一句話提到“如果你想讓你幽默感染他人，使他人發(fā)笑，那么你需要知道分辨共同的經(jīng)歷和問題”(Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmileyoumustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems)；第一段第三句話提到“交流對象不同，問題也會不同”(Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.)由此可知選項(xiàng)B“針對不同的人提不同的問題”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“關(guān)于醫(yī)生的笑話暗示了，在護(hù)士眼里，醫(yī)生怎么樣？”文章第二段最后兩句話提到“Whoisthat?”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“Oh,that’sGod.”Camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.”由此可知醫(yī)生常常認(rèn)為自己是上帝，選項(xiàng)D“非常清楚自己的上帝角色”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文章可推斷出公共服務(wù)……”。文章第三段主要講述了針對不同的群體，能用來當(dāng)笑話講的內(nèi)容不一樣，如果使用不當(dāng)?shù)脑挘瑫齺硭说膮拹海╰heywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman），而如果是用郵局或者電話局來做“替罪羊”的話倒是一個好的選擇（YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficerorthetelephonesystem.），由此可知，郵局和電話局經(jīng)常被當(dāng)作笑料。選項(xiàng)A“經(jīng)常成為笑柄”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“為了到達(dá)預(yù)期效果，幽默故事應(yīng)該被怎么傳遞？”文章第四段提到“如果你在讓自己變得幽默的過程中感到尷尬，你需要多加練習(xí)讓自己變的自然。你可以用一種輕松的、自然的方式把那些隨意的、即興的話說出來”（Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpractice,sothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner），因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.單選題

Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook,DoingOurOwnThing:TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShouldLike,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.

Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanothercriticismagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”,forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.

Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,"doingourownthing",hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwell-regardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyform,thatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.

Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle:WhyWeShould,Like,Care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper.

Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheads,whileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers.Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina”.Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone.

1.AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformalEnglish（

）.

2.Theword“talking”(Line6,Paragraph3)denotes

（

）.

3.TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldMcWhortermostlikelyagree?

4.ThedescriptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshowstheauthor’s

（

）.

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,“paperplates”isto“china”as（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isinevitableinradicaleducationreforms

B.isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopment

C.hascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-culture

D.broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960s

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.modesty

B.personality

C.liveliness

D.informality

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywetalk.

B.BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish.

C.Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasentertaining.

D.Ofallthevarieties,standardEnglishcanbestconveycomplexideas.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.interestintheirlanguage

B.appreciationoftheirefforts

C.admirationfortheirmemory

D.contemptfortheirold-fashionedness

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.‘"temporary’’isto“permanent”

B.“radical”isto“conservative”

C.“functional”isto“artistic”

D.“humble”isto“noble”

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”，forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.（Mr.McWhorter的學(xué)術(shù)專長是語言的歷史和變化，例如，他認(rèn)為“誰”這一詞的逐漸消失是自然的，并不比失去古英語中的詞格尾綴的消失更令人遺憾）可知Mr.McWhorter認(rèn)為正式英語的衰變是一種自然的現(xiàn)象，因此選B。

2.詞義題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞talking定位到文章第三段中的InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.（在英語口語和書面語中，交談戰(zhàn)勝了演講，自然表達(dá)勝過了精雕細(xì)琢），分析句子可知talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft是對應(yīng)關(guān)系，talking對應(yīng)的spontaneity，specking對應(yīng)craft，可推測演講是需要精心準(zhǔn)備的，而談話則是自然隨意的，因此D選項(xiàng)“非正式的”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas（他承認(rèn)，人類語言的所有種類，包括非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語言，包括黑人英語這樣非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語言，都具有很強(qiáng)的表達(dá)力。世界上沒有一種語言或方言不能表達(dá)復(fù)雜的思想）可知A選項(xiàng)“邏輯思維不一定與我們說話的方式有關(guān)”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.（Mr.McWhorter承認(rèn)，正式的語言并不是絕對必要的，他并沒有提出任何激進(jìn)的教育改革——他其實(shí)只是為那些美好而不是實(shí)用品的消逝而感到遺憾）可知Mr.McWhorter認(rèn)同俄羅斯記住詩歌的做法，認(rèn)為是somethingbeautiful，對其做法是贊同的，因此B選項(xiàng)“贊賞他們的努力”。

5.推理判斷題。由heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful（他其實(shí)只是為那些美好而不是實(shí)用品的消逝而感到遺憾）可推測paperplates（紙盤）指的是實(shí)用性，而china（瓷盤）指美，具有藝術(shù)性，因此選C。

8.案例題

Everybodywastestime.Insteadofdoinghishomework,theschoolboywatchestelevision.Insteadofwritingheressaythestudentgoesoutwithherfriends.Theyallhavegoodintentions,buttheykeepputtingoffthemomentwhentheymuststartwork.Asaconsequence,theybegintofeelguilty,andthenwasteevenmoretimewishingtheyhadnotallowedthemselvestobedistracted.

Whensomeoneelseisorganizingourtimeforus,asforinstanceduringlessonsorworkinghours,wedonotnecessarilyworkmoreefficiently,butatleastwearesubjecttothedisciplineofaroutine.Itiswhenweareresponsiblefororganizingourowntimethattheneedforself-disciplinearises.

Iknowtwowriterswhoseemtoworkinquitedifferentways.Bobisextremelymethodical.Hearrivesathisofficeat9a.m.andiscreativeuntil12:30.At2p.m.hereturnstohisdeskandiscreativeuntil5p.m.,whenhegoeshomeandswitchesoffuntilthefollowingmorning.Alan,ontheotherhand,worksininspiredbursts,oftenmissingmealsandsleepinordertogethisideasdownonpaper.Suchperiodsofintenseactivityareusuallyfollowedbydayswhenhepottersaroundhisflat,listeningtoMozartandflickingthroughmagazines.

Theirplacesofworkreflecttheirstyles.Bob'sbooksareneatlyarrangedontheshelves;hecanalwaysfindthebookshewants.Alan,ontheotherhand,hasbooksandmagazinesallovertheplace.Theyareabouteverysubjectunderthesun,mostlyunconnectedwithhiswork.Allthesamehehasaknackofmakinguseoftheunlikelyinformationtoilluminatehisbooks.

1.Peopleoftenwastetheirtimeby（）.

2.Self-disciplineisneededwhenone（）.

3.WhydoestheauthorsayBobisextremelymethodical?

4.Alanoftengoeswithoutmealsandsleepwhen（）.

5.Alanreadsagreatvarietyofbooksandmagazines,sothat（）.

【答案】1.sparfortime.

2.arrangetimeforhimself.

3.BecauseBobalwaysarrangeswellwithhisdailyscheduleandworkingtools.

4.Allenneedstoburstintothoughtsandrecorditdown,hedoesn'teatnorsleep.

5.sparkinspiration.

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第四句"Theyallhavegoodintentions,buttheykeepputtingoffthemomentwhentheymuststartwork."人們通過拖延時間而浪費(fèi)時間。

2.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句"Itiswhenweareresponsiblefororganizingourowntimethattheneedforself-disciplinearises."當(dāng)我們組織自己的時間時,自律的產(chǎn)生就很有必要了。

3.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知：Bob的生活特別規(guī)律,他把自己的作息時間和工作安排的井并有條,所以作者說鮑勃是一個非常有條理的人。

4.根據(jù)第三段的倒數(shù)第二句"Alan,ontheotherhand,worksininspiredbursts