考研考博-英語-寧夏大學(xué)新華學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寧夏大學(xué)新華學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Remembertoaskfora（

）ofqualityforthesegoods;otherwisetheywillnotofferanymaintenance.

問題1選項

A.warranty

B.promise

C.certificate

D.receipt

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項warranty“保證，擔(dān)保”；B選項promise“許諾，允諾”；C選項certificate“證書”；D選項receipt“收據(jù)”。

句意：記住要對這些貨物要求質(zhì)量保證；否則他們將不提供任何維修。選項A符合語境。

2.單選題

Theworldeconomicrecessionputan（）endtothesteelmarketupturnthatbeganin2002.

問題1選項

A.irregular

B.illegal

C.absurd

D.abrupt

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。irregular"不規(guī)則的,無規(guī)律的";illegal"非法的";absurd"不合理的,荒謬的";abrupt"突然的,意外的"。根據(jù)句中upturn判定,worldeconomicrecession是"突然停止的"。句意：世界經(jīng)濟衰退突然結(jié)束了2002年開始的鋼鐵市場好轉(zhuǎn)的情況。選項D符合句意。

3.單選題

Wemustensurearationalproportionbetween（）andconsumption.

問題1選項

A.conformation

B.acceleration

C.coordination

D.accumulation

【答案】D

【解析】conformation構(gòu)造,一致；acceleration加速,促進(jìn)；coordination協(xié)調(diào),對等；accumulation積聚,累積。根據(jù)句意可知,這里應(yīng)填入consumption的反義詞,只有選項D符合語境。

4.單選題

OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.Wedonotrealizethatwavinggood-byeisthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoone'sside,orthatinItalyandsomeLatin-Americancountries,curlingthefingertooneselfisasignoffarewell.

ThoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterWorldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthat"Gift"meanspoisoninGerman.Moreover,weliketothinkofourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm'slengthawayfromothers.LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.

Ourlinguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,aremakinguslosefriends,businessandrespectintheworld.

EvenhereintheUnitedStates,wemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguagesonourpublicbuildingsormonuments;wedonothavemultilingualguidedtours.Veryfewrestaurantmenushavetranslations,andmultilingualwaiters,bankclerksandpolicemenarerare.OurtransportationsystemshavemapsinEnglishonlyandoftenweourselveshavedifficultyunderstandingthem.

Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Thenattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericher—whospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation'sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.

Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.AfterallAmericaisthemostpowerfulcountryofthefreeworld,thedistributorneedingfundsandgoods.

Butallthatispast.Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthings,andweareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreportedthat55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs;wewanttohaveahandintheimportantdecisionsofthenextcentury,eventhoughitmaynotalwaysbetheupperhand.

1.ItcanbeinferredthatAmericansbeingapproachedtoocloselybyMiddleEasternerswouldmostprobably（）.

2.TheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericansfortheir（）.

3.IncountriesotherthantheirownmostAmericans（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,Americans,culturalblindnessandlinguisticignorancewill（）.

5.Theauthor'sintentioninwritingthisarticleistomakeAmericansrealizethat（）.

問題1選項

A.standstill

B.jumpaside

C.stepforward

D.drawback

問題2選項

A.culturalself-centeredness

B.casualmanners

C.indifferencetowardsforeignvisitors

D.arrogancetowardsothercountries

問題3選項

A.areisolatedbythelocalpeople

B.arenotwellinformedduetothelanguagebarrier

C.tendtogetalongwellwiththenatives

D.needinterpretersinhotelsandrestaurants

問題4選項

A.affecttheirimageinthenewera

B.cutthemselvesofffromtheoutsideworld

C.limittheirroleinworldaffairs

D.weakenthepositionoftheUSdollar

問題5選項

A.itisdangeroustoignoretheirforeignfriends

B.itisimportanttomaintaintheirleadingroleinworldaffairs

C.itisnecessarytouseseverallanguagesinpublicplaces

D.itistimetogetacquaintedwithothercultures

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“LatinosandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.”拉丁美洲人和中東人喜歡親近和接觸，這讓美國人感到不舒服。由此推斷，如果中東人和美國人靠太近的話，美國人可能會選擇和他們保持距離。選項D符合原文。

第2題:主旨思想題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可推斷，作者舉了很多例子是為了批判美國人太以自我文化為中心，選項A符合原文，選項B，C，和D都只是片面，選項A是對其他三個選項內(nèi)容的概括。

第3題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容“Whenwegoabroad,...Thenattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericher—whospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation'sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.”在國外的時候，美國人常常會受到那些母語是英語的富人的制約，商務(wù)往來和國家外交都是通過口譯人員進(jìn)行的。說明由于語言不通導(dǎo)致信息傳遞不明確。選項B符合原文。選項D太片面，需要口譯員的主要原因也是因為語言不通。

第4題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)第六段的內(nèi)容，多年來，美國人可以在文化盲目性和語言無知的情況下生存。畢竟美國是自由世界中最強大的國家，分銷商需要資金和商品。但是第七段的首句說道，所有的這些都已經(jīng)是過去。說明現(xiàn)在的美國在世界中所扮演的角色已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化。并提及55%的美國人希望他們的國家能在國際事務(wù)中發(fā)揮更大的作用。由此推斷無視和漠視他國的語言和文化會限制美國在國際事務(wù)中所起到的作用，所以選項C符合原文。

第5題:信息推斷題。本文作者主要是批判美國人在語言和文化上的盲目，太以自我文化為中心，所以作者希望通過這篇文章呼吁美國人多了解其他國家的文化，選項D正確。

5.單選題

However,growthinthefabricatedmetalsindustrywasableto________someofthedeclineintheironandsteelindustry.

問題1選項

A.overturn

B.overtake

C.offset

D.oppress

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項“推翻”；B選項“超過”；C選項“抵消，彌補”；D選項“壓迫”。句意：然而金屬制品工業(yè)能夠（）鋼鐵工業(yè)的衰退。由于金屬制成品產(chǎn)業(yè)和鋼鐵工業(yè)不存在競爭關(guān)系，甚至?xí)嬖谀撤N互補關(guān)系，所以A，B，D排除，答案選C。

6.單選題

Ifmyapplicationforthescholarship（

）,（

）ImyeducationintheStatesnow.

問題1選項

A.wasaccepted/cancontinue

B.hasbeenaccepted/havebeencontinuing

C.hadbeenaccepted/couldhavecontinued

D.accepts/willhavecontinued

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句意可知這里是對過去的虛擬，從句用過去完成時，主句用would/should/could+havedone，所以選項C正確。

7.單選題

Thereisastrong（）thatthematterwillsoonbesettled.

問題1選項

A.livelihood

B.likelihood

C.singlehood

D.manhood

【答案】B

【解析】句意:那個事情很有可能將會很快被解決。

考查名詞辨析。livelihood生計,生活;likelihood可能性,可能;singlehood單身,未婚;manhood成年,男子,男子氣概。故B符合句意。

8.單選題

Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopment,ofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

問題1選項

A.junction

B.paradox

C.premise

D.dilemma

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項junction“連接，接合，樞紐”；B選項paradox“自相矛盾的說法”；C選項premise“前提”；D選項dilemma“進(jìn)退兩難的局面”。句意：父母總是_____的選擇：到底是該做他們自己認(rèn)為對孩子發(fā)展有益的事，還是該容忍孩子任性的吵鬧和破壞。這里表達(dá)的意思是父母面臨兩難的抉擇，因此D選項符合題意。

9.翻譯題

"Time”saystheproverb“ismoney”.Thismeansthateverymomentwell-spentmayputsomemoneyintoourpockets.(1)Ifourtimeisusefullyemployed,itwilleitherturnoutsomeusefulandimportantpieceofworkwhichwillfetchitspriceinthemarket,oritwilladdtoourexperienceandincreaseourcapacitiessoastoenableustoearnmoneywhentheproperopportunitycomes.Therecanthusbenodoubtthattimeisconvertibleintomoney.Letthose,whothinknothingofwastingtime,rememberthis;letthemrememberthatanhourmisspentisequivalenttothelossofabank-note;andthatanhourutilizedistantamounttosomuchsilverorgold;andthentheywillprobablythinktwicebeforetheygivetheirconsenttothelossofanypartoftheirtime.

Moreover,ourlifeisnothingmorethanourtime.Tokilltimeisthereforeaformofsuicide.(2)Weareshockedwhenwethinkofdeath,andwesparenopains,notrouble,andnoexpensetopreservelife.Butwearetoooftenindifferenttothelossofanhouroraday,forgettingthatourlifeisthesumtotalofthedaysandofthehourswelive.Adayoranhourwastedisthereforesomuchlifeforfeited.Letusbearthisinmind,andwasteoftimewillappeartousinthelightofacrimeasculpableassuicideitself.

Thereisathirdconsiderationwhichalsotendstowarnusagainstlossoftime.Ourlifeisabriefspanmeasuringsomesixtyorseventyyearsinall,butnearlyonehalfofthishastobespentinsleep;someyearshavetobespentoverourmeals;someoverdressingandundressing;someinmakingjourneysonlandandvoyagesbysea;someinmerry-marking,eitheronourownaccountorforthesakeofothers;someincelebratingreligiousandsocialfestivities;someinwatchingoverthesick-bedsofournearestanddearestrelatives.(3)Nowifalltheseyearsweretobedeductedfromthetermoverwhichourlifeextendsweshallfindaboutfifteenortwentyyearsatourdisposalforactivework.Whoeverremembersthiscanneverwillinglywasteasinglemomentofhislife.“Itisastonishing"saysLordChesterfield,“thatanyonecansquanderawayinabsoluteidlenessonesinglemomentofthatportionoftimewhichisallottedtousinthisworld.Knowthetruevalueoftime;snatch,seize,andenjoyeverymomentofit!”

Alltimeisprecious;butthetimeofourchildhoodandofouryouthismorepreciousthananyotherportionofourexistence.Forthosearetheperiodswhenalonewecanacquireknowledgeanddevelopourfacultiesandcapacities.(4)Ifweallowthesemorninghoursoflifetoslipawayunutilized,weshallneverbeabletorecouptheloss.Aswegrowolder,ourpowerofacquisitiongetsblunted,sothattheartorsciencewhichisnotacquiredinchildhoodoryouthwillneverbeacquiredatall.Justasmoneylaidoutatinterestdoublesandtremblesitselfintime,sotheprecioushoursofchildhoodandyouth,ifproperlyused,willyieldusincalculableadvantages.“Everymomentyoulose,”saysLordChesterfield,“issomuchcharacterandadvantagelost;asontheotherhand,everymomentyounowemployusefullyissomuchtimewiselylaidoutatprodigiousinterest.”

Aproperemploymentoftimeisofgreatbenefittousfromamoralpointofview.IdlenessisjustlysaidtobetherustofthemindandanidlebrainissaidtobeSatan'sworkshop.Itismostlywhenyoudonotknowwhattodowithyourselfthatyoudosomethingillorwrong.Themindoftheidlerpreysuponitself.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.

【答案】（1）如果我們的時間使用得當(dāng)，我們就能生產(chǎn)出有用的、重要的產(chǎn)品，而這些產(chǎn)品會在市場上贏得其價值?；蛘呶覀兡芾眠@些時間充實經(jīng)驗，增長才干，而時機來臨時又能轉(zhuǎn)化為錢。

（2）我們想到死，便驚恐不已，因而不惜一切努力、麻煩和費用來保全我們的生命。可是，我們對于損失一個小時或者一天的時間卻往往漠不關(guān)心，忘記了我們的生命原本就是我們生活的每一天、每一小時的總和。

（3）現(xiàn)在如果從我們的壽命中扣除所有這些歲月，我們將會發(fā)現(xiàn)，能受我們支配的有效的工作時間大約僅十五或二十年而已。誰能記住這一點，誰就不會心甘情愿地浪費他生命的每一刻時間。

（4）如果我們讓這些生命的早晨時光悄悄溜走，未得到利用，這損失將永遠(yuǎn)也無法彌補。等我們長大了，獲得知識的能力就變得遲鈍了，因此在童年和青年時期未能獲得的知識和技能將永遠(yuǎn)不能獲得了。

10.單選題

TheInternet,E-commerceandglobalizationaremakinganeweconomicerapossible.Inthefuture,capitalistmarketswilllargelybereplacedbyanewkindofeconomicsystembasedonnetworkedrelationships,contractualarrangementsandaccessrights.

Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?IhaveaskedthisquestionofhundredsofCEOSandcorporateexecutivesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Surprisingly,virtuallyeveryonehassaid,“No,quitecontrary.”Theverypeopleresponsibleforusheringinwhatsomehavecalleda“technologicalrenaissance”saytheyareworkinglongerhours,feelmorestressed,aremoreimpatient,andareevenlesscivilintheirdealingswithcolleaguesandfriends—nottomentionstrangers.Andwhat'smorerevealing,theyplacemuchoftheblameontheverysametechnologiestheyaresoaggressivelychampioning.

Thetechnoguruspromisedusthataccesswouldmakelifemoreconvenientandgiveusmoretime.Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.

Ifanearliergenerationwaspreoccupiedwiththequesttoencloseavastgeographicfrontier,generation,itseems,ismorecaughtupinthecolonizationoftime.Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.Oure-mail,voicemailandcellphones,our24-hourInteractnewsandentertainmentallseizeforourattention.

Andwhilewehavecreatedeverykindoflabor-andtime-savingdevicetoserviceourneeds,wearebeginningtofeellikewehavelesstimeavailabletousthananyotherhumansinhistory.Thatisbecausethegreatproliferationoflabor-and-time-savingservicesonlyincreasesthediversity,paceandflowofcommodifiedactivityaroundus.Forexample,e-mailisagreatconvenience.However,wenowfindourselvesspendingmuchofourdayfranticallyrespondingtoeachother’selectronicmessages.Thecellphoneisagreattime-saver.Exceptnowwearealwayspotentiallyinreachofsomeoneelsewhowantsourattention.

Socialconservativestalkaboutthedeclineincivilityandblameitonthelossofamoralcompassandreligiousvalues.Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?

Maybeweneedtoaskwhatkindsofconnectionsreallycountandwhattypesofaccessreallymatterinthee-economyera.Ifthisnewtechnologyrevolutionisonlyabouthyperefficiency,thenwerisklosingsomethingevenpreciousthantime—oursenseofwhatitmeanstobeacaringhumanbeing.

1.Accordingtothepassage,corporateexecutivesthinkthat（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Wgeneration?

4.Inthesixthparagraph,theauthorimpliedthat（）.

5.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagemightbe（）.

問題1選項

A.technologyrenaissanceshouldbepushedforward.

B.technologyhasaprofoundimpactontheirlives.

C.technologyactuallyresultsinadeclineintheirlifequality.

D.technologyshouldbeaggressivelychampioned.

問題2選項

A.Technologywassupposedtofreepeople.

B.Tgenerationbecameslavesoftechnology.

C.Newtechnologiesoccupymuchofourtime.

D.Itisdifficulttoavoidtheinfluenceoftechnologywonders.

問題3選項

A.Technologicalwonders.

B.Accesstoinformation.

C.Time.

D.Timesavingdevices.

問題4選項

A.socialconservativesblamedthelossofmoralityontechnology.

B.generationwaslesscivilthantheearliergenerations.

C.thehyperspeedcultureledtothedeclineincivility.

D.technologymightmakepeoplelessimpatient.

問題5選項

A.TheNewInternetLife.

B.TheDrawbacksoftooMuchAccess.

C.TheFailureofTechnologicalRenaissance.

D.TheDecliningQualityofLife.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?...“No,quitecontrary.”（我們在工作、家庭和社區(qū)的生活質(zhì)量是否與我們生活中引入的所有新互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和企業(yè)對企業(yè)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)成正比？……“不，完全相反?！保┛芍狢選項“技術(shù)實際上導(dǎo)致了他們生活質(zhì)量的下降”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.（相反，本應(yīng)解放我們的科技奇跡，卻開始把我們束縛在一個似乎無法輕易擺脫的聯(lián)系網(wǎng)中）但并不是說網(wǎng)絡(luò)一代變成了技術(shù)的奴隸，因此選B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段中的Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.（我們的每一個空閑時間都充滿了某種形式的商業(yè)聯(lián)系，使時間本身成為所有資源中最稀缺的）可知選C。

4.推理判斷題。文章第六段中的Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?（有沒有人問過，高速發(fā)展的文化是否讓我們所有人都變得不那么有耐心，不太愿意傾聽、推遲、考慮和反思？）可知D選項“科技可能會使人失去耐心”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了科技給人們生活帶來的負(fù)面影響，因此B選項“使用過多的缺點”符合題意。

11.單選題

Tidalactionisaverycomplicatedphenomenoninvolvingmanyfactorsallofwhichmustbeconsideredtopredicttideinanyoneplaceandatanyonetime.Thealternateriseandfallofthesurfaceoftheseasandtheoceanismainlycausedbytheattractiveforceofthemoonalone.Whentheattractionisgreat,thetideishigh;andconverselywhentheattractionisminimal,thetideislow.Betweenthehightideandthelowtideisaperiodofalittleoversixhours,beingcalledduringitsriseafloodtide,andduringitsfallanebbtide.

Thesunalsoexertsitseffectonthetide,beingalittlelessthanhalfasmuchasthemoon,althoughit’smassissomuchgreater.Whenthemoonandthesunarehorizontal,thehighesthightideoccursandwhentheyareverticalthelowestlowtidetakesplace.

Thewindalsoplaysanimportantpartinthemodificationofthenormalriseandfallofthetide.Thusthesefactorsaffecteachother,eitherdistractingoraddingtotheattractiveforcestoaddorsubtractfromtheheightofthetide.Butthetidesstillmoveinexorablyon,risingtwiceaday,gettinglittlelatereachdayandposingaproblemofcorrectlypredictingtheirheightsandlows.

46.Theprincipalideasofthearticleconcerns（）.

47.WhichofthefollowingfactorsisNOTmentionedasaffectingthetide?

48.Itcanbeconcludedfromthearticlethattheattractionofthesunis（）.

49.Ifthefirsthightidetakesplaceat1:00a.m.thenexthightidewillprobablytakeplaceat（）.

50.Accordingtothearticle,itisclearthattheroleofthemoon（）.

問題1選項

A.theattractionofthesunandthemoon

B.tidalwaves

C.thesun,themoonandthewind

D.featureswhichaffectthetide

問題2選項

A.Thesun

B.Themoon

C.Thewinds

D.Thedepthoftheocean

問題3選項

A.lessthanhalfthatofthemoon

B.morethanhalfthatofthemoon

C.morethanthatofthemoon

D.lessthantwicethatofthemoon

問題4選項

A.7:20a.m.

B.8:00a.m.

C.1:45p.m.

D.highnoon

問題5選項

A.isnotasimportantasthatofthewind

B.islessthanthatofthesun

C.causesthealternateriseandfallofthesurfaceoftheseas

D.haslittleinfluenceonthetide

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】46.主旨大意題。根據(jù)本文的第一句Tidalactionisaverycomplicatedphenomenoninvolvingmanyfactorsallofwhichmustbeconsideredtopredicttideinanyoneplaceandatanyonetime.（潮汐運動是一個非常復(fù)雜的現(xiàn)象，涉及了很多必須考慮的因素，來預(yù)測在任何地方和任何時間發(fā)生的潮汐運動。）接著詳細(xì)介紹了產(chǎn)生潮汐的主要因素。A選項“太陽和月亮的引力”；B選項“潮汐波”；C選項“太陽、月亮、風(fēng)”，ABC選項只是文中講到的一些片面信息，不能作為整體概述。D選項“引起潮汐的特征”正確，本文主要列舉了引起潮汐的一些因素。故選D。

47.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。影響潮汐的因素可以看到第一段的第二句Thealternateriseandfallofthesurfaceoftheseasandtheoceanismainlycausedbytheattractiveforceofthemoonalone.（海洋表面的交替上升和下降主要是由月球的吸引力引起的。）第二段第一句Thesunalsoexertsitseffectonthetide.（太陽也會對潮汐有影響。）第三段第一句Thewindalsoplaysanimportantpartinthemodificationofthenormalriseandfallofthetide.（風(fēng)也在影響潮汐正常上升和下降的過程中起著重要的作用。）唯獨D選項“海洋的深度”并未有提及，故選D。

48.推理判斷題。定位在第二段第一句Thesunalsoexertsitseffectonthetide,beingalittlelessthanhalfasmuchasthemoon,althoughitsmassissomuchgreater.（太陽對潮汐也發(fā)揮了作用，雖然它的體積狠大，但是，它的作用還不及月亮作用的一半。）由此可知，太陽對潮汐的影響比月亮的少了一半。由此可知A選項“不及月球的一半”正確。即可排除B選項“超過月亮的一半”和C選項“比月球還要多”，D選項“比月球的影響少兩倍”錯誤。故選A。

49.推理判斷題。定位在第一段的最后一句Betweenthehightideandthelowtideisaperiodofalittleoversixhours,beingcalledduringitsriseafloodtide,andduringitsfallanebbtide.（高潮和低潮之間的時間差超過六小時，上升時被稱之為漲潮，下降時被稱之為退潮。）題目中第一次的高潮發(fā)生在上午1點，那么接下來會有超過6個小時的低潮期，下次高潮的時間就還需要再加上6個小時。由此推理，時間要超過12個小時。同理可排除ABD選項。故選C。

50.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位在第一段的第二句Thealternateriseandfallofthesurfaceoftheseasandtheoceanismainlycausedbytheattractiveforceofthemoonalone.（海洋表面的交替上升和下降主要是由月球的吸引力引起的。）A選項“不像風(fēng)那么重要”，B選項“比太陽的影響小”，D選項“對潮汐的影響很小”均表述有誤。選項C“導(dǎo)致海平面交替上升和下降”正確。故選C。

12.單選題

Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocoldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsandtheirconsequences,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.Cognitiveresearchers,whostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,believethatrewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.

Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparkscreativityingrade-schoolchildren,suggestingthatproperly—presentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.

“Ifkidsknowthey’reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity.”saysRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark,“Butit’seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.”

Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Eisenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailinggrades.

Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomies,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.

1.Psychologistsaredividedwithregardtotheirattitudestoward______.

2.Whichofthefollowingcanbestraisestudents’creativityaccordingtoRobertEisenberger?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingtotightentheirgradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve______.

4.Thephrase“tokeneconomies”(Para.5)probablyrefersto______.

問題1選項

A.theeffectsofexternalrewardsonstudents’performance

B.theamountofmonetaryrewardsforstudents’creativity

C.thestudyofrelationshipbetweenactionsandtheirconsequences

D.thechoicebetweenspiritualencouragementandmonetaryrewards

問題2選項

A.Givingthemrewardstheyanticipate.

B.Givingthemrewardstheyreallydeserve.

C.Assigningthemtaskswhichrequireinventiveness.

D.Assigningthemtaskstheyhavenotdealtwithbefore.

問題3選項

A.punishmentismoreeffectivethanrewarding

B.rewardingpoorperformancemaykillthecreativityofstudents

C.failinguninspiredstudentshelpsimprovetheiroverallacademicstandards

D.discouragingthestudents’anticipationforeasyrewardsisamatterofurgency24.Thephrase“tokeneconomies”(Para.5)probablyrefersto______.

問題4選項

A.waystodevelopeconomy

B.approachestosolvingproblems

C.systemsofrewardingstudents

D.methodsofimprovingperformance

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“心理學(xué)家對……的態(tài)度有分歧”。第一段第一句提到Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocoldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.（心理學(xué)家對于從熱烈的表揚到冷冰冰的現(xiàn)金的外部獎勵如何影響動機和創(chuàng)造力持相反的觀點），接著后面就闡述了Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsandtheirconsequences,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.“Ifkidsknowthey’reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,”saysRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.（研究行為和結(jié)果之間關(guān)系的行為主義者認(rèn)為，獎勵能提高工作和學(xué)習(xí)表現(xiàn)。研究精神生活各個方面的認(rèn)知研究者認(rèn)為，獎勵鼓勵了人們依賴他人的認(rèn)可和禮物，從而常常會破壞創(chuàng)造力。）可知，心理學(xué)家對于外部獎勵對他人的動機、創(chuàng)造力和表現(xiàn)方面的影響上有分歧，A項“外部獎勵對學(xué)生表現(xiàn)的影響”正確；B項“對學(xué)生創(chuàng)造力的金錢獎勵的數(shù)量”和D項“精神鼓勵和金錢獎勵之間的選擇”并沒有提到；C項“行為與結(jié)果之間的關(guān)系的研究”太廣泛，并不夠具體。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)羅伯特艾森伯格的觀點，下列哪項能最好地提高學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造力？”。根據(jù)第三段羅伯特艾森伯格說的兩句話Ifkidsknowthey’reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity.（如果孩子們知道他們是為了獎勵而學(xué)習(xí)，并且能夠?qū)Ｗ⒂谙鄬哂刑魬?zhàn)性的任務(wù)，他們就會表現(xiàn)出最大的創(chuàng)造力）和Butit’seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.（但是如果對表現(xiàn)不佳的孩子也給予獎勵，或者讓孩子對獎勵有太多的預(yù)期，是很容易扼殺創(chuàng)造力的）可推斷，給與孩子對獎勵太多的預(yù)期容易扼殺創(chuàng)造力，而給與他們應(yīng)得的獎勵會鼓勵他們表現(xiàn)出他們最大的創(chuàng)造力，那么B項“給他們應(yīng)得的獎勵”正確，A項“給予他們預(yù)期的獎勵”錯誤；C項“分配給他們需要創(chuàng)造性的任務(wù)”和D項“分配給他們以前沒有處理過的任務(wù)”并不是提高創(chuàng)造力的方法。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從文章中可以推斷出，主要的大學(xué)正在努力提高他們的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，因為他們相信……”。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Eisenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailinggrades.（艾森伯格認(rèn)為，如果一個老師不斷地把注意力放在獎勵上，或者對普通的成績給予高分，那么他最終得到的是毫無靈感的學(xué)生。作為后一種觀點的一個例子，他指出，主要的大學(xué)越來越努力地使評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)嚴(yán)格，并且恢復(fù)不及格分?jǐn)?shù)。），由此可推知，主要的大學(xué)正在努力提高他們的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，是因為給表現(xiàn)不好的學(xué)生獎勵將使他變得沒有創(chuàng)造力，故B項“獎勵表現(xiàn)不佳的學(xué)生可能會扼殺學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造力”符合題意；A項“懲罰比獎勵更有效”和C項“不受啟發(fā)的學(xué)生有助于提高他們的整體學(xué)術(shù)水平”沒有提到，也不能從文中推斷出來；D項“打擊學(xué)生對輕易獲得獎勵的期望是當(dāng)務(wù)之急”中的discouraging（使人沮喪、打擊）用詞不當(dāng)，根據(jù)文章可知主要的大學(xué)提高評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是鼓勵學(xué)生表現(xiàn)出他們的創(chuàng)造力來處理具有挑戰(zhàn)性的問題，并不是打擊他們對獎勵的預(yù)期，而是讓他們通過自己的努力來獲得應(yīng)得的獎勵。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語義推測題。題干意思是“第五段中的‘tokeneconomies’最有可能指……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第五段Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomies,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.（這位特拉華州的心理學(xué)家聲稱，在較早的年級，使用所謂的“tokeneconomies”，即讓學(xué)生處理具有挑戰(zhàn)性的問題，并根據(jù)成績獲得有價值的獎勵，有望提高學(xué)生的努力和創(chuàng)造力。）可知，tokeneconomies的含義是讓學(xué)生處理具有挑戰(zhàn)性的問題，根據(jù)他們的成績獲得相應(yīng)獎勵，目的是為了提高學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造力，所以該段中的“tokeneconomies”指的就是一種獎勵學(xué)生的制度或者方法，C項“獎勵學(xué)生的制度”符合題意；A項“發(fā)展經(jīng)濟的途徑”、B項“解決問題的方法”和D項“提高業(yè)績的方法”都不符合文意。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

13.單選題

Suddenlythedailyfearanduncertainty（）intofull-scaleterror,andtheshipechoedwithscreams.

問題1選項

A.evaporated

B.escalated

C.evacuated

D.exaggerated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。evaporate“蒸發(fā)，使脫水”；escalate“升級”；evacuate”疏散，撤出”；exaggerate“夸張，夸大”。句意：突然，平時的恐懼和不確定性升級為徹底的恐懼，船上回響著尖叫聲。選項B符合題意。

14.問答題

Theseyoungadultsestablishedatrendofearlymarriageandrelativelylargefamiliesthatwent

A

formorethantwodecadesandcausedamajorbuttemporaryreversaloflong-termdemographic

B

patterns.Fromthe1940sthroughtheearly1960s,Americansmarriedatahigherrateandata

C

youngeragethantheirEuropeancounterparts.

D

【答案】試題答案：A;wenton

【解析】考查固定搭配。goon意為“持續(xù)”，此處為過去式。

15.單選題

____asitwasatsuchatime,hisworkattractedmuchattention.

問題1選項

A.Beingpublished

B.Published

C.Publishing

D.Tobepublished

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.Beingpublished被發(fā)表（被動語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在分詞形式）B.Publishe