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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題
Toeverybody’ssurprise,therefereetooka(
)viewofthefoulanddidnotpunishtheplayeratall.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.lenient
B.divergent
C.dim
D.cautious
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。lenient寬大的,仁慈的;divergent有分歧的;dim暗淡的,昏暗的;cautious小心的,謹(jǐn)慎的。句意:讓所有人出乎意料的是,裁判員對(duì)這次犯規(guī)采取了寬容的態(tài)度,一點(diǎn)也沒有懲罰參賽選手。由didnotpunishtheplayeratall可知裁判采取了寬容的態(tài)度。A項(xiàng)正確。答案A
2.單選題
It’shardlynewsthattheimmigrationsystemisamess.Foreignnationalshavelongbeenslippingacrosstheborderwithfakepapers,andvisitorswhoarriveintheU.S.legitimatelyoftenoverstaytheirlegalwelcomewithoutbeingpunished.ButsinceSept.11,it’sbecomeclearthatterroristshavebeenshrewdlyfactoringtheweaknessesofoursystemintotheirplans.Inadditiontotheirmasteryofforgingpassports,atleastthreeofthe19Sept.11hijackerswerehearonexpiredvisas.That’sbeenasafebetuntilnow.TheImmigrationandNaturalizationService(INS)lackstheresources,andapparentlytheinclination,tokeeptrackoftheestimated2millionforeignerswhohaveintentionallyoverstayedtheirwelcome.
Butthislaxnesstowardimmigrationfraudmaybeabouttochange.Congresshasalreadytakensomemodeststeps.TheU.S.A.PatriotAct,passedinthewakeoftheSept.11tragedy,requiredtheFBI,theJusticeDepartment,theStateDepartmentandtheINStosharemoredata,whichwillmakeiteasiertostopwatch-listedterroristsattheborder.
Butwhat’sreallyneeded,criticssay,iseventougherlawsandmoreresourcesaimedattighteningupbordersecurity.Reformersarecallingforarollbackofrulesthathinderlawenforcement.TheyalsowanttheINStohirehundredsmoreborderpatrolagentsandinvestigatorstokeepillegalimmigrantsoutandtotrackthemdownoncethey’rehere.ReformersalsowanttoseetheINSsetupadatabasetomonitorwhethervisaholdersactuallyleavethecountrywhentheyarerequiredto.
Alltheseproposedchangeswerepartofanewborder-securitybillthatpassedtheHouseofRepresentativesbutdiedintheSenatelastweek.BeforeSept.11,legislationofthiskindhadbeenblockedbytwopowerfullobbies,universities,whichrelyontuitionfromforeignstudentswhocouldbekeptoutbythenewlaw,andbusiness,whichreliesonforeignersforcheaplabor.Sincetheattacks,they’vebackedoff.Thebillwouldhavepassedthistimebutforcongressionalmaneuveringsandisexpectedtobereintroducedandtopassnextyear.
Alsoontheagendafornextyearaproposal,backedbysomeinfluentiallaw-makers,tosplittheINSintotwoagencies-asgoodcopthatwouldtendtoservicefunctionslikeprocessingcitizenshippapersandabadcopthatwouldconcentrateonborderinspectionsdeportationandotherfunctions.Onereasonforthedivision,supportersay,isthattheINShasinrecentyearsbecometoofocusedonservingtouristsandimmigrants.AftertheSept.11tragedy,theINSshouldpaymoreattentiontoservingthemillionsofordinaryAmericanswhorelyonthenation’sbordersecuritytoprotectthemfromterroristattacks.
1.Terroristshaveobviouslytakenadvantageof(
).
2.WelearnfromthepassagethatcoordinatedeffortswillbemadebyvariousU.S.Governmentagenciesto
(
).
3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbeforeSept,11,alienswithexpiredvisas(
).
4.ItisbelievedbymanythatalltheseyearstheINS
(
).
5.BeforeSept,11,theU.S.Congresshadbeenunabletopassstricterimmigrationlawsbecause(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.thelegalprivilegesgrantedtoforeigners
B.theexcessivehospitalityoftheAmericanpeople
C.theirresponsibilityoftheofficialsatbordercheckpoints
D.thelowefficiencyoftheimmigrationandNaturalizationService
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Refusetherenewingofexpiredvisas.
B.wardoffterroristsuspectsattheborder
C.preventtheforgeryofimmigrationpapers
D.limitthenumberofimmigrantstotheU.S
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.mighthavethemextendedwithouttrouble
B.wouldbecloselywatchedbyFBIagents
C.mightstayonforaslongastheywished
D.wouldliveinconstantfearofdeportation
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.hasbeenservingtwocontradictoryfunctions
B.hasbeentooliberalingrantingvisastotouristsandimmigrantsindiscriminately
C.hasover-emphasizeditsservicefunctionsattheexpenseofthenation’ssecurity
D.hasignoredthepicasofthetwopowerfullobbies
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.theymighthavekeptawayforeignstudentsandcheaplabor
B.itwasdifficulttocoordinatetheeffortsofthecongressmen
C.educationandbusinesscirclescaredlittleaboutnationalsecurity
D.resourceswerenotavailablefortheirenforcement
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段第三句提到“但是自911事件以來,很明顯的是恐怖分子們狡猾地利用了美國移民系統(tǒng)的弱點(diǎn)來實(shí)施他們的計(jì)劃”(ButsinceSept.11,it’sbecomeclearthatterroristshavebeenshrewdlyfactoringtheweaknessesofoursystemintotheirplans),選項(xiàng)D“移民規(guī)劃服務(wù)的低效率”符合題意。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段最后一句提到“更容易將黑名單上的恐怖分子擋在國境之外”(whichwillmakeiteasiertostopwatch-listedterroristsattheborder),選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段第二句提到“合法到美國的游客經(jīng)常超過其合法停留時(shí)間而不受處罰”(andvisitorswhoarriveintheU.S.legitimatelyoftenoverstaytheirlegalwelcomewithoutbeingpunished),因此選項(xiàng)C“能一直待下去”符合題意。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段最后兩句話提到“支持者認(rèn)為造成這種分歧的一個(gè)原因是移民規(guī)劃局近來過于關(guān)注游客和移民服務(wù)。911事件后,移民管理局應(yīng)該為數(shù)百萬依賴美國邊境安全的普通美國人服務(wù)”(Onereasonforthedivision,supportersay,isthattheINShasinrecentyearsbecometoofocusedonservingtouristsandimmigrants.AftertheSept.11tragedy,theINSshouldpaymoreattentiontoservingthemillionsofordinaryAmericanswhorelyonthenation’sbordersecuritytoprotectthemfromterroristattacks)。選項(xiàng)C“以國家安全為代價(jià)來過分重視它的服務(wù)功能”符合題意。
5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第四段第二句提到“在911事件之前,這類法案被兩個(gè)強(qiáng)大的游說團(tuán)體阻擾:一個(gè)是依賴外國留學(xué)生繳納學(xué)費(fèi)的各大高校,一個(gè)是依賴廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力的工商界,而留學(xué)生和勞動(dòng)力都有可能因此而被拒絕入境”(BeforeSept.11,legislationofthiskindhadbeenblockedbytwopowerfullobbies,universities,whichrelyontuitionfromforeignstudentswhocouldbekeptoutbythenewlaw,andbusiness,whichreliesonforeignersforcheaplabor),選項(xiàng)A“可能組織留學(xué)生和外國廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力”符合題意。
3.單選題
Whenhetriedtomakea_______,hefoundthatthehotelthathewantedwascompletelyfilledbecauseofaconvention.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.complaint
B.claim
C.reservation
D.lodging
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)complaint“抱怨,控訴”;B選項(xiàng)claim“宣稱,聲稱”;C選項(xiàng)reservation“預(yù)約,預(yù)訂”;D選項(xiàng)lodging“寄宿,借宿”。根據(jù)thehotelwascompletelyfilled(酒店客滿了)可知C選項(xiàng)符合語義,makeareservation表示“預(yù)訂”。句意:當(dāng)他試圖預(yù)訂時(shí),他發(fā)現(xiàn)他想要的旅館因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)會(huì)議而客滿。
4.單選題
Peoplewholiketowearredclothesaremorelikelytobetalkativeand(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.vivacious
B.perilous
C.introverted
D.lucrative
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vivacious“可愛的,活潑的”;B選項(xiàng)perilous“冒險(xiǎn)的,危險(xiǎn)的”;C選項(xiàng)introverted“內(nèi)向的,不喜歡交往的”;D選項(xiàng)lucrative“獲利多的,賺錢的”。由and可知空格處與talkative(健談的)表示的意思相同,因此選A。句意:喜歡穿紅衣服的人更有可能健談、活潑。
5.單選題
Intheidealizedversionofhowscienceisdone,factsabouttheworldarewaitingtobeobservedandcollectedbyobjectiveresearcherswhousethescientificmethodtocarryouttheirwork.Butintheeverydaypracticeofscience,discoveryfrequentlyfollowsanambiguousandcomplicatedroute.Weaimtobeobjective,butwecannotescapethecontextofouruniquelifeexperience.Priorknowledgeandinterestinfluencewhatweexperience,whatwethinkourexperiencesmean,andthesubsequentactionswetake.Opportunitiesformisinterpretation,error,andself-deceptionabound.
Consequently,discoveryclaimsshouldbethoughtofasprotoscience.Similartonewlystakedminingclaims,theyarefullofpotential.Butittakescollectivescrutinyandacceptancetotransformadiscoveryclaimintoamaturediscovery.Thisisthecredibilityprocess,throughwhichtheindividualresearcher’sme,here,nowbecomesthecommunity’sanyone,anywhere,anytime.Objectiveknowledgeisthegoal,notthestartingpoint.
Onceadiscoveryclaimbecomespublic,thediscovererreceivesintellectualcredit.But,unlikewithminingclaims,thecommunitytakescontrolofwhathappensnext.Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescientificcommunity,researchersmakediscoveries;editorsandreviewersactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess;otherscientistsusethenewfindingtosuittheirownpurposes;andfinally,thepublic(includingotherscientists)receivesthenewdiscoveryandpossiblyaccompanyingtechnology.Asadiscoveryclaimworksitthroughthecommunity,theinteractionandconfrontationbetweensharedandcompetingbeliefsaboutthescienceandthetechnologyinvolvedtransformsanindividual’sdiscoveryclaimintothecommunity’scrediblediscovery.
Twoparadoxesexistthroughoutthiscredibilityprocess.First,scientificworktendstofocusonsomeaspectofprevailingKnowledgethatisviewedasincompleteorincorrect.Littlerewardaccompaniesduplicationandconfirmationofwhatisalreadyknownandbelieved.Thegoalisnew-search,notre-search.Notsurprisingly,newlypublisheddiscoveryclaimsandcrediblediscoveriesthatappealtobeimportantandconvincingwillalwaysbeopentochallengeandpotentialmodificationpfrefutationbyfutureresearchers.Second,noveltyitselffrequentlyprovokesdisbelief.NobelLaureateandphysiologistAlbertAzent-Gyorgyioncedescribeddiscoveryas“seeingwhateverybodyhasseenandthinkingwhatnobodyhasthought.”Butthinkingwhatnobodyelsehasthoughtandtellingotherswhattheyhavemissedmaynotchangetheirviews.Sometimesyearsarerequiredfortrulynoveldiscoveryclaimstobeacceptedandappreciated.
Intheend,credibility“happens”toadiscoveryclaim—aprocessthatcorrespondstowhatphilosopherAnnetteBaierhasdescribedasthecommonsofthemind.“Wereasontogetherchallenge,revise,andcompleteeachother’sreasoningandeachother’sconceptionsofreason.”
1.Paragraph1statesthattheprocessofdiscoveryhasthecharacteristicsof().
2.Paragraph2suggeststhatcredibilityprocessrequires().
3.Paragraph3showsthatadiscoveryclaimbecomescredibleafterit().
4.AlbertAzent-Gyorgyiwouldmostlikelyagreethat().
5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthispassage?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.logicalityandobjectivity
B.uncertaintyandcomplexity
C.systematicnessandregularity
D.misconceptionanddeceptiveness
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.sharedefforts
B.strictinspection
C.individualwisdom
D.persistentinnovation
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.hasbeenfrequentlyquotedbypeerscientists
B.hasattractedtheattentionofthegeneralpublic
C.hasbeenexaminedbythescientificcommunity
D.hasreceivedrecognitionfromeditorsandreviewers
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Scientificclaimswillsurvivechallenges
B.Discoveriestodayinspirefutureresearch
C.Effortstomakediscoveriesarejustified
D.scientificworkcallsforacriticalmind
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.NoveltyasanEngineofScientificDevelopment
B.CollectiveScrutinyinScientificDiscovery
C.ChallengetoCredibilityattheGatetoScience
D.EvolutionofCredibilityinDoingScience
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:D
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thefirstparagraph和theprocessofdiscovery可定位至原文第一段第二句。由原文信息可知,在日常的科學(xué)實(shí)踐中發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程通常是含糊和復(fù)雜的。選項(xiàng)B中的uncertainty和complexity分別為ambiguous和complicated的同義替換,故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。
2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞credibilityprocess定位至第二段第三四句。這兩句話介紹了可信性的證實(shí)過程。由原文信息可知,經(jīng)過集體的詳細(xì)審查和認(rèn)可一項(xiàng)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明才能變?yōu)榭煽康目茖W(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)。在這個(gè)過程中,單個(gè)研究者的“我”、“這里”和“現(xiàn)在”變成了科學(xué)界里的“任何人”、“任何地方”和“任何時(shí)間”。由此可知,可信性證實(shí)過程需要整個(gè)科學(xué)界的審查和認(rèn)可,是集體努力的結(jié)果,因此本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息可定位至文章第三段。作者在這一段詳細(xì)介紹了科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)可信性的證實(shí)過程,指出在科學(xué)界復(fù)雜的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)下,研究者發(fā)表發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)容,編輯和審查者審核論文發(fā)表過程,其他科學(xué)家利用該發(fā)現(xiàn)的成果,最后,大眾知曉這一發(fā)現(xiàn),這一可信性證實(shí)過程是在大家的共同努力下得以完成。后文又講到,在一項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明被業(yè)界審查的過程中,相關(guān)觀點(diǎn)的融合和碰撞把個(gè)人的發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明變成了科學(xué)界的可靠發(fā)現(xiàn)。由此可知,個(gè)人的發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明需要經(jīng)過整個(gè)科學(xué)界的審查才能變成可靠的發(fā)現(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)A.、B.、D.都只是可信性證實(shí)過程中的一個(gè)方面,不足以概括整個(gè)過程,均可排除。因此,本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息可定位至原文第四段第七句。這句話闡述了阿爾貝特?圣捷爾吉對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)的描述,即“見世人所見,思無人所思”。由此可知,阿爾貝特?圣捷爾吉強(qiáng)調(diào)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)不能循規(guī)蹈矩,要有創(chuàng)新精神和批判精神,所以D選項(xiàng)表述最符合原文含義。因此本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。
5.主旨大意題。本文首先指明日??茖W(xué)研究充滿了不確定性和復(fù)雜性。接著作者指出科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明需要經(jīng)過可信性證實(shí)過程才能變?yōu)榭煽康目茖W(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)。而在第三段,作者詳細(xì)介紹了科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)可信性的證實(shí)過程,并在第四段指出了可信性證實(shí)過程中存在的兩個(gè)矛盾。第五段作者對(duì)科學(xué)的可信性證實(shí)過程進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。綜上所述,文章始終都在論述科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明是如何變?yōu)榭煽靠茖W(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程,即科學(xué)可信性的證實(shí)過程。因此,D選項(xiàng)最適合作為文章的標(biāo)題。
6.單選題
Theworldmaybebecomingamorefemale-friendlyplacebutcorporateboardroomarenot,withwomenholdingunder3percentoftopmanagementjobsinWesternfirms,accordingtoaUnitedNationssurveyissuedrecently.ThereportentitledBreakingThroughtheGlassCeiling:WomeninManagement,ispublishedbytheInternationalLaborOrganization(ILO).Thereport,subtitledasProgressandobstaclestowomenequalprofessionalandmanagerialstatus,presentsthemostrecenttrendsonthesituationofwomeninprofessionalandmanagerialjobs.Italsohighlightssomeoftheinstitutionalandattitudinalprejudicesthatcontinuetohamper(妨礙)women’sprogressintotopjobs,anditdescribesgoodpracticesinsupportofwomenmanagers.Womenmakeupover40percentoftheworld’sworkforce,butevenwhentheymakeitthroughthe“glassceiling”—aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworks—theyearnfarlessthanmen,theILOreportsaid.
“Almostuniversally,womenhavefailedtoreachleadingpositioninmajorcorporationsandprivatesectororganizations,irrespectiveoftheirresponsibilities,”saidauthorLindaMirth.“Thehighertheposition,themoreglaringthegendergap.”TheILOsaidmentraditionallyrelyon“oldboy”networkstoclimbuptheladder.Womenaremore“invisible”inthecorporateworldbecausetheyarelesskeenoninformalgatherings.Theyarealsofightingalosingbattleagainstsexualharassment.
ABritishstudyfoundthatwomeninonecompanysubjectedtocontinuingsexualharassmentandbullyingfailedtoachievepromotionwhateverstrategytheyused.“Protestingandcomplainingearnedthemthelabelof‘feminist’andwhining(抱怨),whiletryingtobeoneofthemeninvitedfurtherharassment,”theILOreportsaid.
Asurveyof300companiesinBritainlastyearfoundthatjust3percentofboardmemberswerewomen.IntheF1SEtop10companieslistedinBritain,Womenheldjust4percentofdirectors’posts,whilefemalemanagersearnedjust71percentofthesalaryoftheirmalecounterparts,theILOreportsaid.
Britishfemalemanagersasawholeearned83percentofthesalariesoftheirmalecounterparts——puttingthemaheadoftheircounterpartsinmostothercountries.
ThesituationinGermanywasnobetter.Asurveyof70,000largestcompaniesfoundthatwomenthereheldjust1to3percentofthetopexecutiveandboardroompositions.TheILOalsoreportedthatthecomparativelyhighproportionofwomenexecutivesinlargeFrenchcompanies13percent—wasnowfallingagainfromthe80slevels.
1.Whatdoesthereportmeanbytheterm“glassceiling”?
2.AccordingtotheILOreport,().
3.TheILOreport().
4.Whichofthefollowingstrategiesdidwomennotuseintheirfightagainstsexualharassment?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Abarrierofprejudicesandnetworksthatexistinsomecompanies.
B.Abarrierofprejudicethatmenpretenddoesnotexist.
C.Alevelthatwomenaretryingtoreachdespitethedifficultiesputintheway.
D.Alevelbeyondwhichwomencan'treallybepromoted.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.womennolongerfaceworkproblemsexceptintopmanagementlevels
B.thereareseriousproblemsfacingwomen,especiallyintheboardroomsofWesternfirms
C.womenstillfaceseriousworkproblemsatalllevelsofwesternfirms
D.womenarehavingabettertimeintheworldexceptintheboardroomsofwesternfirms
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.isoptimistic,inthatoncewomenbreakintotoppositions,theydowell.
B.isoptimistic,becausethereisagrowingrealizationthatwomenintoppositionsdoverywell.
C.ispessimistic,inthateventhefewwomenwhogettoppositionshavesmallersalaries.
D.ispessimistic,becausenowomenevenreachthehighestpositionsinwesternboardrooms.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Sexualharassment
B.Complaining
C.Protesting
D.Tryingtobefriendly
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:A
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“報(bào)告中提到的‘玻璃天花板’是什么意思?”文章第一段最后一句話提到“‘玻璃天花板’——由男性主導(dǎo)地位的偏見和體系所造成的一種無形的障礙”(“glassceiling’’--aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworks);第一段提到國際勞動(dòng)組織寫的一篇報(bào)告,報(bào)告強(qiáng)調(diào)了女性進(jìn)入高層的一些體制和態(tài)度上的偏見(Italsohighlightssomeoftheinstitutionalandattitudinalprejudicesthatcontinuetohamperwomen’sprogressintotopjobs),因此選項(xiàng)A“(玻璃天花板)指存在于一些公司的偏見和體系”符合題意。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)國際勞工組織報(bào)道……”。文章第一段第一句話提到“世界可能正在對(duì)女性變得友好,但是企業(yè)董事會(huì)卻沒有,聯(lián)合國最近發(fā)布的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示,在西方公司,女性在最高管理職位中所占的比例不到3%”(Theworldmaybebecomingamorefemale-friendlyplacebutcorporateboardroomarenot,withwomenholdingunder3percentoftopmanagementjobsinWesternfirms,accordingtoaUnitedNationssurveyissuedrecently),由此可知選項(xiàng)D“除了在西方公司的董事會(huì),女性的生活變好”符合題意。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“國際勞工組織報(bào)道……”。文章第一段提到國際勞工組織報(bào)告稱,女性占全球勞動(dòng)力的40%以上,但即使她們通過了“玻璃天花板——由男性主導(dǎo)地位的偏見和體系所造成的一種無形的障礙——她們的收入也遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于男性”(Womenmakeupover40percentoftheworld’sworkforce,butevenwhentheymakeitthroughthe“glassceiling’’--aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworkstheyearnfarlessthanmen,theILOreportsaid),由此可知選項(xiàng)C“悲觀,因?yàn)榧词股俨糠峙赃M(jìn)入了高層,她們的收入還是少很多”符合題意。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在與性騷擾作斗爭時(shí),女性沒有采用下列哪項(xiàng)策略?”文章第三段提到抗議和抱怨使她們背負(fù)上了“女權(quán)主義者”和“發(fā)牢騷”的名號(hào),同時(shí)想喝男性打成一片又招來了更多的騷擾(“Protestingandcomplainingearnedthemthelabelof‘feminist’andwhining,whiletryingtobeoneofthemeninvitedfurtherharassment),由此可知“抱怨”“抗議”“試圖友好”都是女性采取的措施,所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
7.單選題
Accuracyis______totheprogrammingofcomputer.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.elemental
B.base
C.fundamental
D.inherent
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)elemental“基本的;主要的;自然力的;四大要素的(土、水、氣、火)”(強(qiáng)調(diào)屬于事物的基礎(chǔ)或本質(zhì));B選項(xiàng)based“基地在……的;在……居?。ɑ蚬ぷ鳎唬ㄒ阅呈拢榛A(chǔ),為根據(jù)”;C選項(xiàng)fundamental“基本的,根本的”(強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性,根基作用等,指重要程度即非常重要);D選項(xiàng)inherent“固有的;內(nèi)在的;與生俱來的,遺傳的”。句意:準(zhǔn)確性是計(jì)算機(jī)編程的基礎(chǔ)。befundamentalto...“基礎(chǔ)的;基本的”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
8.單選題
LuisFigueroalivesdownthestreetfromUCMerced,thenewestcampusintheUniversityofCaliforniasystem.Soit’snotsurprisingthatthe21yearsoldstudiesfromthecomfortofhisownhome.Buthe’snotenrolledatMerced:fromhisliving-roomcomputer,Figueroaisearninghisbachelor’sdegreeinbusinessadministrationatColumbiaCollegeinMissouri,some2,000milesaway.At$630percourse—about$1,800persemester—hisonlinedegreewillcostfarlessthanevenin-statetuitionatUC.Notonlythat,Figueroaisabletocontinueworkingfulltimeinamanagement-trainingjobwithAT&TinMerced,ajobhefeelsluckytohaveinthecurrenteconomicclimate.“OnceIrealizedIhadtimeconstraints,Iknewthetraditionalclassroomwouldn’twork,”hesays.“Coursesonlineareopen24hoursaday,andI’mabletogothereanytimeIwant.”
Thatconvenienceisoneofthemainreasonsnearly4millionAmericanstudentstookatleastoneonlinecourseinthe2007-2008schoolyear,accordingtoastudybytheSloanFoundation.Thesamestudyfoundthatonlineenrollmentisgrowingataratemorethan10timesthatofthehigher-educationpopulationatlarge—12.9percentvs.1.2percentfortraditionalinseatstudents.NowhereisthegrowthfasterthanamongyoungerstudentslikeFigueroawhoareoptingforonlinelearning,evenwhenthetraditionalclassroomis—inhiscase—rightoutsidethefrontdoor.“Thisisagenerationthatlivesonline,”saysVickyPhillips,founderandCEOofG,aservicethatranksonlinelearninginstitutions.“Everythingisinstant,accelerated,andaccessible,andtheyexpecttheireducationtobethatwaytoo.Forthemthereisnoclearlinebetweenthevirtualworldandtheactualworld.”
Oncetargetedatolder,workingadults,distancelearninghasmovedintotheeducationmainstreamatstunningspeedoverthepastcoupleofyears,astechnologyallowsever-richer,more-interactivelearningexperienceonline—andascollegecostscontinuetoriseandclassroomsarepackedtocapacity.Fortraditionalbrick-and-mortarinstitutions,thathasmeantascrambletoenteralucrativemarketthatusedtobetheexclusiveterritoryoffor-profitinstitutionssuchastheUniversityofPhoenixandKaplanUniversity.Establishedbrand-nameeducators—includingStanford,Cornell,PennState,andMIT,whichhasplaceditsentirecurriculumonlinethroughitsOpenCoursewareprogram—nowofferextensiveonlinelearningoptionsandarecompetingwiththefor-profitsforstudents.“Thestigmaisgone,”saysPhillips.“Onlinelearninghasreachedmassculturalacceptance.It’snolongertheuglystepsisterofthehigher-educationworld.”
Onlineofferingsthesedayscansometimesevensurpasstheclassroomexperience.AaronWalsh,aprofessoratBostonCollegeandaformervideogamedesigner,haspioneeredImmersiveEducation,amethodofteachingthroughvirtualworlds.MeetinginSecondLifeinsteadofaphysicalclassroom,saysWalsh,allowsforsomefeatsthatgravityrendersimpossible,likehavingart-historystudentsflytotheceilingoftheSistineChapelorbiologymajorstotakeaMagicSchoolbus-liketripthroughthehumanbody.Usingvideos,podcasts,livechats,Webcams,andwikis,educatorsincreasinglyseeonlinelearningasawaytoengagethevideogamegenerationwithpedagogythatfeelsmorelikeentertainmentthandrudgery.Studentsinthenewhomeland-securitymaster’sdegreeprogramattheUniversityofConnecticutthisfall,forexample,willhavecourseworkthatresemblesGrandTheftAuto:dwellinginacyber-citycalledSanLuisReyplaguedwithsuicidebombers,biochemicalattacks,andotherdisasters.AtArizonaState,studentsinanIntroductiontoParentingclassraisea“virtualchild”.Theyhavetoposttheprogressoftheironlinechargethroughallthephasesofchildhood.“Theclassesaresomuchmoreinteractive,andIcanlogonwhenI’mmostreadytolearn,”saysJaquelynHolleran,ajuniormajoringinfamilyandhumandevelopmentatASU.“Ilikethatsomuchbetterthanhavingtorushtoclassorsitthroughalecturethat’sboring.”
Asthelargestgenerationsincethebabyboomattendscollegeatatimeofshrinkingbudgetsandsoaringcosts,manyeducatorsbelievethatonlinelearningholdsthegreatestpromiseforexpandingthecapacityoftheU.S.higher-educationsystem.AnddigitalclassroomswillsurelyplayanimportantroleinhelpingtheObamaadministrationpursueitsgoalofraisingthepercentageofcollegegraduatesintheU.S.tofirstintheworldby2020(atleast10othercountriesnowstandintheway).Thesurgeinstudentswithjobsandfamilies,andthoseinthemilitary,hasalsocausedonlineenrollmentstosoar.SarahGerke,anArmyprivatestationedinIraq,keepsupwithhercourseworkatColumbiaCollegeinMissouri,despitetheoccasionalbombing.“EvenifIcouldattendinperson,”shewritesinane-mailfromCampLiberty,“IthinkIwouldstickwithonlineclassesfortheconvenience.”
ForpublicinstitutionssuchastheUniversityofMichiganandtheUniversityofMassachusetts,onlinelearningnotonlyextendstheirbrand,it’sacost-effectivewaytoservemorestudents.AtUMassOnline,enrollmentamongstudentsundertheageof25hasincreased91percentoverthepastthreeyears.AtThomasEdisonStateCollegeinTrenton,N.J.,thatgrowthrateoverthesameperiodismorethan100percent.“Thebestwaytolowerthecostofhighereducationistograduateontime,”saysUMasspresidentJackWilson.“Moreandmoreweseestudentsusingonlinelearningasanaccelerator,awaytomovemorequicklythroughtheirundergraduateprogram.”
1.ThestudybytheSloanFoundationshowsthat______.
2.AccordingtoPhilips,whatwastheattitudeofpeopletowardsonlinelearning?
3.ByImmersiveEducationmethod,studentscan______.
4.IfyoutakeacourseatUMassOnline,______.
5.Comparedwiththetraditionalform,onlineeducationhasalltheadvantagesEXCEPT______.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.about4millionAmericanstudentstookonlinecoursesinthe2007-2008schoolyear
B.theonlineenrollmentisgrowingatarateofmorethan10timesperyear
C.theratiooftraditionalinseatandonlineenrollmentgrowthrateis12.9to1.2
D.thebiggestreasonthatsomanypeopletakeonlinecoursesisitsconvenience
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.It’saconvenientwayoflearning.
B.It’sacost-effectivewayoflearning.
C.It’sabad-reputedwayoflearning.
D.It’sanexcellentwayoflearning.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.enjoysomefeatsinphysicalclassroomthatgravityrendersimpossible
B.gotoacityplaguedwithsuicidebombers,biochemicalattacksandsoon
C.learnhowtobeaparentbyraisinganadoptedchildthroughInternet
D.haveasimulatedtripthroughthehumanbodyinfrontofacomputer
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.you’llgetaspecialdegreedifferentfromcampus-goingcounterparts’
B.youcanspendashortertimetogetadegreethangoingtocampus
C.you’llreceivehigherstandardizedcurriculathantraditionaleducation
D.youcanacceptclasscounselingfromteachersatanytimeyouwant
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.onlinedegreecostsalotlessthanin-classeducation
B.onlineeducationhasmanyconveniences
C.onlineeducationisfarmoreinterestingthantraditionalformofeducation
D.onlineeducationprovidescolorfulactivitieswhichgreatlyenhancesociallife
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:D
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thatconvenienceisoneofthemainreasonsnearly4millionAmericanstudentstookatleastoneonlinecourseinthe2007-2008schoolyear,accordingtoastudybytheSloanFoundation.(根據(jù)斯隆基金會(huì)的一項(xiàng)研究,這種便利性是2007-2008學(xué)年近400萬美國學(xué)生至少選修一門在線課程的主要原因之一。)”,由此可知該項(xiàng)研究主要說明了線上學(xué)習(xí)的便捷性,因此D選項(xiàng)“很多人選擇在線課程的最大原因是它的方便”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“在2007-2008學(xué)年,大約有400萬美國學(xué)生參加了在線課程”、B選項(xiàng)“網(wǎng)上報(bào)名正以每年10倍以上的速度增長”以及C選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)的座位上課方式和網(wǎng)上招生增長率之比為12.9:1.2”說法都正確,但都是該研究的內(nèi)容,其主要目的還是說明線上課程的便捷性,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Thestigmaisgone…Onlinelearninghasreachedmassculturalacceptance.It’snolongertheuglystepsisterofthehigher-educationworld.(壞名聲的時(shí)代已經(jīng)過去了。在線學(xué)習(xí)已為大眾文化所接受。它再也不是高等教育世界里丑陋的后來者了?!笨赏茢喑?,以前人們認(rèn)為在線學(xué)習(xí)是不可取的,C選項(xiàng)“這是一種普遍認(rèn)為很差的學(xué)習(xí)方法”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“這是一種方便的學(xué)習(xí)方式”;B選項(xiàng)“這是一種經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的學(xué)習(xí)方式”;D選項(xiàng)“這是一種很好的學(xué)習(xí)方式”都與題干不符,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“AaronWalsh,aprofessoratBostonCollegeandaformervideogamedesigner,haspioneeredImmersiveEducation,amethodofteachingthroughvirtualworlds.(波士頓學(xué)院教授、前電子游戲設(shè)計(jì)師亞倫?沃爾什首創(chuàng)了沉浸式教育,這是一種通過虛擬世界進(jìn)行教學(xué)的方法。)”,下文舉例進(jìn)行說明,其中提到“l(fā)ikehavingart-historystudentsflytotheceilingoftheSistineChapelorbiologymajorstotakeaMagicSchoolbus-liketripthroughthehumanbody.(比如讓藝術(shù)史學(xué)生飛到西斯廷教堂的天花板上,或者讓生物專業(yè)的學(xué)生乘坐魔法學(xué)校的巴士進(jìn)行人體內(nèi)的旅行。)”,由此可推斷出D選項(xiàng)“在電腦前模擬人體旅行”符合浸入式教育的虛擬環(huán)境,所以正確。A選項(xiàng)“在物理教室里享受一些重力使其不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的壯舉”;B選項(xiàng)“去一個(gè)有自殺式炸彈襲擊,生化攻擊等的城市”以及C選項(xiàng)“通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)學(xué)習(xí)如何撫養(yǎng)一個(gè)被收養(yǎng)的孩子”都不符合浸入式教育的虛擬環(huán)境條件,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Moreandmoreweseestudentsusingonlinelearningasanaccelerator,awaytomovemorequicklythroughtheirundergraduateprogram.(我們?cè)絹碓蕉嗟乜吹綄W(xué)生將在線學(xué)習(xí)作為一種加速器,一種更快地完成本科課程的方式。)”,由此可知在麻省大學(xué),學(xué)生可以通過線上學(xué)習(xí)提前完成自己的本科學(xué)業(yè),因此B選項(xiàng)“你可以花比去校園更短的時(shí)間獲得學(xué)位”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“你將獲得一個(gè)不同于在校同學(xué)的特殊學(xué)位”;C選項(xiàng)“你將接受比傳統(tǒng)教育更高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化課程”;D選項(xiàng)“你可以隨時(shí)接受老師的輔導(dǎo)”都與原文內(nèi)容不符,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段“At$630percourse—about$1,800perse
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