考研考博-英語-安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Toeverybody’ssurprise,therefereetooka（

）viewofthefoulanddidnotpunishtheplayeratall.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lenient

B.divergent

C.dim

D.cautious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。lenient寬大的，仁慈的；divergent有分歧的；dim暗淡的，昏暗的；cautious小心的，謹(jǐn)慎的。句意：讓所有人出乎意料的是，裁判員對(duì)這次犯規(guī)采取了寬容的態(tài)度，一點(diǎn)也沒有懲罰參賽選手。由didnotpunishtheplayeratall可知裁判采取了寬容的態(tài)度。A項(xiàng)正確。答案A

2.單選題

It’shardlynewsthattheimmigrationsystemisamess.Foreignnationalshavelongbeenslippingacrosstheborderwithfakepapers,andvisitorswhoarriveintheU.S.legitimatelyoftenoverstaytheirlegalwelcomewithoutbeingpunished.ButsinceSept.11,it’sbecomeclearthatterroristshavebeenshrewdlyfactoringtheweaknessesofoursystemintotheirplans.Inadditiontotheirmasteryofforgingpassports,atleastthreeofthe19Sept.11hijackerswerehearonexpiredvisas.That’sbeenasafebetuntilnow.TheImmigrationandNaturalizationService(INS)lackstheresources,andapparentlytheinclination,tokeeptrackoftheestimated2millionforeignerswhohaveintentionallyoverstayedtheirwelcome.

Butthislaxnesstowardimmigrationfraudmaybeabouttochange.Congresshasalreadytakensomemodeststeps.TheU.S.A.PatriotAct,passedinthewakeoftheSept.11tragedy,requiredtheFBI,theJusticeDepartment,theStateDepartmentandtheINStosharemoredata,whichwillmakeiteasiertostopwatch-listedterroristsattheborder.

Butwhat’sreallyneeded,criticssay,iseventougherlawsandmoreresourcesaimedattighteningupbordersecurity.Reformersarecallingforarollbackofrulesthathinderlawenforcement.TheyalsowanttheINStohirehundredsmoreborderpatrolagentsandinvestigatorstokeepillegalimmigrantsoutandtotrackthemdownoncethey’rehere.ReformersalsowanttoseetheINSsetupadatabasetomonitorwhethervisaholdersactuallyleavethecountrywhentheyarerequiredto.

Alltheseproposedchangeswerepartofanewborder-securitybillthatpassedtheHouseofRepresentativesbutdiedintheSenatelastweek.BeforeSept.11,legislationofthiskindhadbeenblockedbytwopowerfullobbies,universities,whichrelyontuitionfromforeignstudentswhocouldbekeptoutbythenewlaw,andbusiness,whichreliesonforeignersforcheaplabor.Sincetheattacks,they’vebackedoff.Thebillwouldhavepassedthistimebutforcongressionalmaneuveringsandisexpectedtobereintroducedandtopassnextyear.

Alsoontheagendafornextyearaproposal,backedbysomeinfluentiallaw-makers,tosplittheINSintotwoagencies-asgoodcopthatwouldtendtoservicefunctionslikeprocessingcitizenshippapersandabadcopthatwouldconcentrateonborderinspectionsdeportationandotherfunctions.Onereasonforthedivision,supportersay,isthattheINShasinrecentyearsbecometoofocusedonservingtouristsandimmigrants.AftertheSept.11tragedy,theINSshouldpaymoreattentiontoservingthemillionsofordinaryAmericanswhorelyonthenation’sbordersecuritytoprotectthemfromterroristattacks.

1.Terroristshaveobviouslytakenadvantageof（

）.

2.WelearnfromthepassagethatcoordinatedeffortswillbemadebyvariousU.S.Governmentagenciesto

（

）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbeforeSept,11,alienswithexpiredvisas（

）.

4.ItisbelievedbymanythatalltheseyearstheINS

（

）.

5.BeforeSept，11，theU.S.Congresshadbeenunabletopassstricterimmigrationlawsbecause（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thelegalprivilegesgrantedtoforeigners

B.theexcessivehospitalityoftheAmericanpeople

C.theirresponsibilityoftheofficialsatbordercheckpoints

D.thelowefficiencyoftheimmigrationandNaturalizationService

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Refusetherenewingofexpiredvisas.

B.wardoffterroristsuspectsattheborder

C.preventtheforgeryofimmigrationpapers

D.limitthenumberofimmigrantstotheU.S

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.mighthavethemextendedwithouttrouble

B.wouldbecloselywatchedbyFBIagents

C.mightstayonforaslongastheywished

D.wouldliveinconstantfearofdeportation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hasbeenservingtwocontradictoryfunctions

B.hasbeentooliberalingrantingvisastotouristsandimmigrantsindiscriminately

C.hasover-emphasizeditsservicefunctionsattheexpenseofthenation’ssecurity

D.hasignoredthepicasofthetwopowerfullobbies

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theymighthavekeptawayforeignstudentsandcheaplabor

B.itwasdifficulttocoordinatetheeffortsofthecongressmen

C.educationandbusinesscirclescaredlittleaboutnationalsecurity

D.resourceswerenotavailablefortheirenforcement

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段第三句提到“但是自911事件以來，很明顯的是恐怖分子們狡猾地利用了美國移民系統(tǒng)的弱點(diǎn)來實(shí)施他們的計(jì)劃”（ButsinceSept.11,it’sbecomeclearthatterroristshavebeenshrewdlyfactoringtheweaknessesofoursystemintotheirplans），選項(xiàng)D“移民規(guī)劃服務(wù)的低效率”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段最后一句提到“更容易將黑名單上的恐怖分子擋在國境之外”（whichwillmakeiteasiertostopwatch-listedterroristsattheborder），選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段第二句提到“合法到美國的游客經(jīng)常超過其合法停留時(shí)間而不受處罰”（andvisitorswhoarriveintheU.S.legitimatelyoftenoverstaytheirlegalwelcomewithoutbeingpunished），因此選項(xiàng)C“能一直待下去”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段最后兩句話提到“支持者認(rèn)為造成這種分歧的一個(gè)原因是移民規(guī)劃局近來過于關(guān)注游客和移民服務(wù)。911事件后，移民管理局應(yīng)該為數(shù)百萬依賴美國邊境安全的普通美國人服務(wù)”（Onereasonforthedivision,supportersay,isthattheINShasinrecentyearsbecometoofocusedonservingtouristsandimmigrants.AftertheSept.11tragedy,theINSshouldpaymoreattentiontoservingthemillionsofordinaryAmericanswhorelyonthenation’sbordersecuritytoprotectthemfromterroristattacks）。選項(xiàng)C“以國家安全為代價(jià)來過分重視它的服務(wù)功能”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第四段第二句提到“在911事件之前，這類法案被兩個(gè)強(qiáng)大的游說團(tuán)體阻擾：一個(gè)是依賴外國留學(xué)生繳納學(xué)費(fèi)的各大高校，一個(gè)是依賴廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力的工商界，而留學(xué)生和勞動(dòng)力都有可能因此而被拒絕入境”（BeforeSept.11,legislationofthiskindhadbeenblockedbytwopowerfullobbies,universities,whichrelyontuitionfromforeignstudentswhocouldbekeptoutbythenewlaw,andbusiness,whichreliesonforeignersforcheaplabor），選項(xiàng)A“可能組織留學(xué)生和外國廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力”符合題意。

3.單選題

Whenhetriedtomakea_______,hefoundthatthehotelthathewantedwascompletelyfilledbecauseofaconvention.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complaint

B.claim

C.reservation

D.lodging

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)complaint“抱怨，控訴”；B選項(xiàng)claim“宣稱，聲稱”；C選項(xiàng)reservation“預(yù)約，預(yù)訂”；D選項(xiàng)lodging“寄宿，借宿”。根據(jù)thehotelwascompletelyfilled（酒店客滿了）可知C選項(xiàng)符合語義，makeareservation表示“預(yù)訂”。句意：當(dāng)他試圖預(yù)訂時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)他想要的旅館因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)會(huì)議而客滿。

4.單選題

Peoplewholiketowearredclothesaremorelikelytobetalkativeand（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vivacious

B.perilous

C.introverted

D.lucrative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vivacious“可愛的，活潑的”；B選項(xiàng)perilous“冒險(xiǎn)的，危險(xiǎn)的”；C選項(xiàng)introverted“內(nèi)向的，不喜歡交往的”；D選項(xiàng)lucrative“獲利多的，賺錢的”。由and可知空格處與talkative（健談的）表示的意思相同，因此選A。句意：喜歡穿紅衣服的人更有可能健談、活潑。

5.單選題

Intheidealizedversionofhowscienceisdone,factsabouttheworldarewaitingtobeobservedandcollectedbyobjectiveresearcherswhousethescientificmethodtocarryouttheirwork.Butintheeverydaypracticeofscience,discoveryfrequentlyfollowsanambiguousandcomplicatedroute.Weaimtobeobjective,butwecannotescapethecontextofouruniquelifeexperience.Priorknowledgeandinterestinfluencewhatweexperience,whatwethinkourexperiencesmean,andthesubsequentactionswetake.Opportunitiesformisinterpretation,error,andself-deceptionabound.

Consequently,discoveryclaimsshouldbethoughtofasprotoscience.Similartonewlystakedminingclaims,theyarefullofpotential.Butittakescollectivescrutinyandacceptancetotransformadiscoveryclaimintoamaturediscovery.Thisisthecredibilityprocess,throughwhichtheindividualresearcher’sme,here,nowbecomesthecommunity’sanyone,anywhere,anytime.Objectiveknowledgeisthegoal,notthestartingpoint.

Onceadiscoveryclaimbecomespublic,thediscovererreceivesintellectualcredit.But,unlikewithminingclaims,thecommunitytakescontrolofwhathappensnext.Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescientificcommunity,researchersmakediscoveries;editorsandreviewersactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess;otherscientistsusethenewfindingtosuittheirownpurposes;andfinally,thepublic（includingotherscientists）receivesthenewdiscoveryandpossiblyaccompanyingtechnology.Asadiscoveryclaimworksitthroughthecommunity,theinteractionandconfrontationbetweensharedandcompetingbeliefsaboutthescienceandthetechnologyinvolvedtransformsanindividual’sdiscoveryclaimintothecommunity’scrediblediscovery.

Twoparadoxesexistthroughoutthiscredibilityprocess.First,scientificworktendstofocusonsomeaspectofprevailingKnowledgethatisviewedasincompleteorincorrect.Littlerewardaccompaniesduplicationandconfirmationofwhatisalreadyknownandbelieved.Thegoalisnew-search,notre-search.Notsurprisingly,newlypublisheddiscoveryclaimsandcrediblediscoveriesthatappealtobeimportantandconvincingwillalwaysbeopentochallengeandpotentialmodificationpfrefutationbyfutureresearchers.Second,noveltyitselffrequentlyprovokesdisbelief.NobelLaureateandphysiologistAlbertAzent-Gyorgyioncedescribeddiscoveryas“seeingwhateverybodyhasseenandthinkingwhatnobodyhasthought.”Butthinkingwhatnobodyelsehasthoughtandtellingotherswhattheyhavemissedmaynotchangetheirviews.Sometimesyearsarerequiredfortrulynoveldiscoveryclaimstobeacceptedandappreciated.

Intheend,credibility“happens”toadiscoveryclaim—aprocessthatcorrespondstowhatphilosopherAnnetteBaierhasdescribedasthecommonsofthemind.“Wereasontogetherchallenge,revise,andcompleteeachother’sreasoningandeachother’sconceptionsofreason.”

1.Paragraph1statesthattheprocessofdiscoveryhasthecharacteristicsof（）.

2.Paragraph2suggeststhatcredibilityprocessrequires（）.

3.Paragraph3showsthatadiscoveryclaimbecomescredibleafterit（）.

4.AlbertAzent-Gyorgyiwouldmostlikelyagreethat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.logicalityandobjectivity

B.uncertaintyandcomplexity

C.systematicnessandregularity

D.misconceptionanddeceptiveness

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.sharedefforts

B.strictinspection

C.individualwisdom

D.persistentinnovation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.hasbeenfrequentlyquotedbypeerscientists

B.hasattractedtheattentionofthegeneralpublic

C.hasbeenexaminedbythescientificcommunity

D.hasreceivedrecognitionfromeditorsandreviewers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Scientificclaimswillsurvivechallenges

B.Discoveriestodayinspirefutureresearch

C.Effortstomakediscoveriesarejustified

D.scientificworkcallsforacriticalmind

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.NoveltyasanEngineofScientificDevelopment

B.CollectiveScrutinyinScientificDiscovery

C.ChallengetoCredibilityattheGatetoScience

D.EvolutionofCredibilityinDoingScience

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thefirstparagraph和theprocessofdiscovery可定位至原文第一段第二句。由原文信息可知，在日常的科學(xué)實(shí)踐中發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程通常是含糊和復(fù)雜的。選項(xiàng)B中的uncertainty和complexity分別為ambiguous和complicated的同義替換，故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞credibilityprocess定位至第二段第三四句。這兩句話介紹了可信性的證實(shí)過程。由原文信息可知，經(jīng)過集體的詳細(xì)審查和認(rèn)可一項(xiàng)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明才能變?yōu)榭煽康目茖W(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)。在這個(gè)過程中，單個(gè)研究者的“我”、“這里”和“現(xiàn)在”變成了科學(xué)界里的“任何人”、“任何地方”和“任何時(shí)間”。由此可知，可信性證實(shí)過程需要整個(gè)科學(xué)界的審查和認(rèn)可，是集體努力的結(jié)果，因此本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息可定位至文章第三段。作者在這一段詳細(xì)介紹了科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)可信性的證實(shí)過程，指出在科學(xué)界復(fù)雜的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)下，研究者發(fā)表發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)容，編輯和審查者審核論文發(fā)表過程，其他科學(xué)家利用該發(fā)現(xiàn)的成果，最后，大眾知曉這一發(fā)現(xiàn)，這一可信性證實(shí)過程是在大家的共同努力下得以完成。后文又講到，在一項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明被業(yè)界審查的過程中，相關(guān)觀點(diǎn)的融合和碰撞把個(gè)人的發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明變成了科學(xué)界的可靠發(fā)現(xiàn)。由此可知，個(gè)人的發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明需要經(jīng)過整個(gè)科學(xué)界的審查才能變成可靠的發(fā)現(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)A.、B.、D.都只是可信性證實(shí)過程中的一個(gè)方面，不足以概括整個(gè)過程，均可排除。因此，本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息可定位至原文第四段第七句。這句話闡述了阿爾貝特?圣捷爾吉對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)的描述，即“見世人所見，思無人所思”。由此可知，阿爾貝特?圣捷爾吉強(qiáng)調(diào)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)不能循規(guī)蹈矩，要有創(chuàng)新精神和批判精神，所以D選項(xiàng)表述最符合原文含義。因此本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

5.主旨大意題。本文首先指明日?？茖W(xué)研究充滿了不確定性和復(fù)雜性。接著作者指出科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明需要經(jīng)過可信性證實(shí)過程才能變?yōu)榭煽康目茖W(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)。而在第三段，作者詳細(xì)介紹了科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)可信性的證實(shí)過程，并在第四段指出了可信性證實(shí)過程中存在的兩個(gè)矛盾。第五段作者對(duì)科學(xué)的可信性證實(shí)過程進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。綜上所述，文章始終都在論述科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明是如何變?yōu)榭煽靠茖W(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程，即科學(xué)可信性的證實(shí)過程。因此，D選項(xiàng)最適合作為文章的標(biāo)題。

6.單選題

Theworldmaybebecomingamorefemale-friendlyplacebutcorporateboardroomarenot,withwomenholdingunder3percentoftopmanagementjobsinWesternfirms,accordingtoaUnitedNationssurveyissuedrecently.ThereportentitledBreakingThroughtheGlassCeiling:WomeninManagement,ispublishedbytheInternationalLaborOrganization(ILO).Thereport,subtitledasProgressandobstaclestowomenequalprofessionalandmanagerialstatus,presentsthemostrecenttrendsonthesituationofwomeninprofessionalandmanagerialjobs.Italsohighlightssomeoftheinstitutionalandattitudinalprejudicesthatcontinuetohamper(妨礙)women’sprogressintotopjobs,anditdescribesgoodpracticesinsupportofwomenmanagers.Womenmakeupover40percentoftheworld’sworkforce,butevenwhentheymakeitthroughthe“glassceiling”—aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworks—theyearnfarlessthanmen,theILOreportsaid.

“Almostuniversally,womenhavefailedtoreachleadingpositioninmajorcorporationsandprivatesectororganizations,irrespectiveoftheirresponsibilities,”saidauthorLindaMirth.“Thehighertheposition,themoreglaringthegendergap.”TheILOsaidmentraditionallyrelyon“oldboy”networkstoclimbuptheladder.Womenaremore“invisible”inthecorporateworldbecausetheyarelesskeenoninformalgatherings.Theyarealsofightingalosingbattleagainstsexualharassment.

ABritishstudyfoundthatwomeninonecompanysubjectedtocontinuingsexualharassmentandbullyingfailedtoachievepromotionwhateverstrategytheyused.“Protestingandcomplainingearnedthemthelabelof‘feminist’andwhining（抱怨），whiletryingtobeoneofthemeninvitedfurtherharassment,”theILOreportsaid.

Asurveyof300companiesinBritainlastyearfoundthatjust3percentofboardmemberswerewomen.IntheF1SEtop10companieslistedinBritain,Womenheldjust4percentofdirectors’posts,whilefemalemanagersearnedjust71percentofthesalaryoftheirmalecounterparts,theILOreportsaid.

Britishfemalemanagersasawholeearned83percentofthesalariesoftheirmalecounterparts——puttingthemaheadoftheircounterpartsinmostothercountries.

ThesituationinGermanywasnobetter.Asurveyof70,000largestcompaniesfoundthatwomenthereheldjust1to3percentofthetopexecutiveandboardroompositions.TheILOalsoreportedthatthecomparativelyhighproportionofwomenexecutivesinlargeFrenchcompanies13percent—wasnowfallingagainfromthe80slevels.

1.Whatdoesthereportmeanbytheterm“glassceiling”？

2.AccordingtotheILOreport,（）.

3.TheILOreport（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstrategiesdidwomennotuseintheirfightagainstsexualharassment?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Abarrierofprejudicesandnetworksthatexistinsomecompanies.

B.Abarrierofprejudicethatmenpretenddoesnotexist.

C.Alevelthatwomenaretryingtoreachdespitethedifficultiesputintheway.

D.Alevelbeyondwhichwomencan'treallybepromoted.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.womennolongerfaceworkproblemsexceptintopmanagementlevels

B.thereareseriousproblemsfacingwomen,especiallyintheboardroomsofWesternfirms

C.womenstillfaceseriousworkproblemsatalllevelsofwesternfirms

D.womenarehavingabettertimeintheworldexceptintheboardroomsofwesternfirms

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.isoptimistic,inthatoncewomenbreakintotoppositions,theydowell.

B.isoptimistic,becausethereisagrowingrealizationthatwomenintoppositionsdoverywell.

C.ispessimistic,inthateventhefewwomenwhogettoppositionshavesmallersalaries.

D.ispessimistic,becausenowomenevenreachthehighestpositionsinwesternboardrooms.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Sexualharassment

B.Complaining

C.Protesting

D.Tryingtobefriendly

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“報(bào)告中提到的‘玻璃天花板’是什么意思？”文章第一段最后一句話提到“‘玻璃天花板’——由男性主導(dǎo)地位的偏見和體系所造成的一種無形的障礙”（“glassceiling’’--aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworks）；第一段提到國際勞動(dòng)組織寫的一篇報(bào)告，報(bào)告強(qiáng)調(diào)了女性進(jìn)入高層的一些體制和態(tài)度上的偏見(Italsohighlightssomeoftheinstitutionalandattitudinalprejudicesthatcontinuetohamperwomen’sprogressintotopjobs)，因此選項(xiàng)A“（玻璃天花板）指存在于一些公司的偏見和體系”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)國際勞工組織報(bào)道……”。文章第一段第一句話提到“世界可能正在對(duì)女性變得友好，但是企業(yè)董事會(huì)卻沒有，聯(lián)合國最近發(fā)布的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，在西方公司，女性在最高管理職位中所占的比例不到3%”（Theworldmaybebecomingamorefemale-friendlyplacebutcorporateboardroomarenot,withwomenholdingunder3percentoftopmanagementjobsinWesternfirms,accordingtoaUnitedNationssurveyissuedrecently），由此可知選項(xiàng)D“除了在西方公司的董事會(huì)，女性的生活變好”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“國際勞工組織報(bào)道……”。文章第一段提到國際勞工組織報(bào)告稱，女性占全球勞動(dòng)力的40%以上，但即使她們通過了“玻璃天花板——由男性主導(dǎo)地位的偏見和體系所造成的一種無形的障礙——她們的收入也遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于男性”（Womenmakeupover40percentoftheworld’sworkforce,butevenwhentheymakeitthroughthe“glassceiling’’--aninvisiblebarrierofmale-dominatedprejudicesandnetworkstheyearnfarlessthanmen,theILOreportsaid），由此可知選項(xiàng)C“悲觀，因?yàn)榧词股俨糠峙赃M(jìn)入了高層，她們的收入還是少很多”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在與性騷擾作斗爭時(shí)，女性沒有采用下列哪項(xiàng)策略？”文章第三段提到抗議和抱怨使她們背負(fù)上了“女權(quán)主義者”和“發(fā)牢騷”的名號(hào)，同時(shí)想喝男性打成一片又招來了更多的騷擾（“Protestingandcomplainingearnedthemthelabelof‘feminist’andwhining，whiletryingtobeoneofthemeninvitedfurtherharassment），由此可知“抱怨”“抗議”“試圖友好”都是女性采取的措施，所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

Accuracyis______totheprogrammingofcomputer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.elemental

B.base

C.fundamental

D.inherent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)elemental“基本的；主要的；自然力的；四大要素的（土、水、氣、火）”（強(qiáng)調(diào)屬于事物的基礎(chǔ)或本質(zhì)）；B選項(xiàng)based“基地在……的；在……居?。ɑ蚬ぷ鳎唬ㄒ阅呈拢榛A(chǔ)，為根據(jù)”；C選項(xiàng)fundamental“基本的，根本的”（強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性，根基作用等，指重要程度即非常重要）；D選項(xiàng)inherent“固有的；內(nèi)在的；與生俱來的，遺傳的”。句意：準(zhǔn)確性是計(jì)算機(jī)編程的基礎(chǔ)。befundamentalto...“基礎(chǔ)的；基本的”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

LuisFigueroalivesdownthestreetfromUCMerced,thenewestcampusintheUniversityofCaliforniasystem.Soit’snotsurprisingthatthe21yearsoldstudiesfromthecomfortofhisownhome.Buthe’snotenrolledatMerced:fromhisliving-roomcomputer,Figueroaisearninghisbachelor’sdegreeinbusinessadministrationatColumbiaCollegeinMissouri,some2,000milesaway.At$630percourse—about$1,800persemester—hisonlinedegreewillcostfarlessthanevenin-statetuitionatUC.Notonlythat,Figueroaisabletocontinueworkingfulltimeinamanagement-trainingjobwithAT&TinMerced,ajobhefeelsluckytohaveinthecurrenteconomicclimate.“OnceIrealizedIhadtimeconstraints,Iknewthetraditionalclassroomwouldn’twork,”hesays.“Coursesonlineareopen24hoursaday,andI’mabletogothereanytimeIwant.”

Thatconvenienceisoneofthemainreasonsnearly4millionAmericanstudentstookatleastoneonlinecourseinthe2007-2008schoolyear,accordingtoastudybytheSloanFoundation.Thesamestudyfoundthatonlineenrollmentisgrowingataratemorethan10timesthatofthehigher-educationpopulationatlarge—12.9percentvs.1.2percentfortraditionalinseatstudents.NowhereisthegrowthfasterthanamongyoungerstudentslikeFigueroawhoareoptingforonlinelearning,evenwhenthetraditionalclassroomis—inhiscase—rightoutsidethefrontdoor.“Thisisagenerationthatlivesonline,”saysVickyPhillips,founderandCEOofG,aservicethatranksonlinelearninginstitutions.“Everythingisinstant,accelerated,andaccessible,andtheyexpecttheireducationtobethatwaytoo.Forthemthereisnoclearlinebetweenthevirtualworldandtheactualworld.”

Oncetargetedatolder,workingadults,distancelearninghasmovedintotheeducationmainstreamatstunningspeedoverthepastcoupleofyears,astechnologyallowsever-richer,more-interactivelearningexperienceonline—andascollegecostscontinuetoriseandclassroomsarepackedtocapacity.Fortraditionalbrick-and-mortarinstitutions,thathasmeantascrambletoenteralucrativemarketthatusedtobetheexclusiveterritoryoffor-profitinstitutionssuchastheUniversityofPhoenixandKaplanUniversity.Establishedbrand-nameeducators—includingStanford,Cornell,PennState,andMIT,whichhasplaceditsentirecurriculumonlinethroughitsOpenCoursewareprogram—nowofferextensiveonlinelearningoptionsandarecompetingwiththefor-profitsforstudents.“Thestigmaisgone,”saysPhillips.“Onlinelearninghasreachedmassculturalacceptance.It’snolongertheuglystepsisterofthehigher-educationworld.”

Onlineofferingsthesedayscansometimesevensurpasstheclassroomexperience.AaronWalsh,aprofessoratBostonCollegeandaformervideogamedesigner,haspioneeredImmersiveEducation,amethodofteachingthroughvirtualworlds.MeetinginSecondLifeinsteadofaphysicalclassroom,saysWalsh,allowsforsomefeatsthatgravityrendersimpossible,likehavingart-historystudentsflytotheceilingoftheSistineChapelorbiologymajorstotakeaMagicSchoolbus-liketripthroughthehumanbody.Usingvideos,podcasts,livechats,Webcams,andwikis,educatorsincreasinglyseeonlinelearningasawaytoengagethevideogamegenerationwithpedagogythatfeelsmorelikeentertainmentthandrudgery.Studentsinthenewhomeland-securitymaster’sdegreeprogramattheUniversityofConnecticutthisfall,forexample,willhavecourseworkthatresemblesGrandTheftAuto:dwellinginacyber-citycalledSanLuisReyplaguedwithsuicidebombers,biochemicalattacks,andotherdisasters.AtArizonaState,studentsinanIntroductiontoParentingclassraisea“virtualchild”.Theyhavetoposttheprogressoftheironlinechargethroughallthephasesofchildhood.“Theclassesaresomuchmoreinteractive,andIcanlogonwhenI’mmostreadytolearn,”saysJaquelynHolleran,ajuniormajoringinfamilyandhumandevelopmentatASU.“Ilikethatsomuchbetterthanhavingtorushtoclassorsitthroughalecturethat’sboring.”

Asthelargestgenerationsincethebabyboomattendscollegeatatimeofshrinkingbudgetsandsoaringcosts,manyeducatorsbelievethatonlinelearningholdsthegreatestpromiseforexpandingthecapacityoftheU.S.higher-educationsystem.AnddigitalclassroomswillsurelyplayanimportantroleinhelpingtheObamaadministrationpursueitsgoalofraisingthepercentageofcollegegraduatesintheU.S.tofirstintheworldby2020(atleast10othercountriesnowstandintheway).Thesurgeinstudentswithjobsandfamilies,andthoseinthemilitary,hasalsocausedonlineenrollmentstosoar.SarahGerke,anArmyprivatestationedinIraq,keepsupwithhercourseworkatColumbiaCollegeinMissouri,despitetheoccasionalbombing.“EvenifIcouldattendinperson,”shewritesinane-mailfromCampLiberty,“IthinkIwouldstickwithonlineclassesfortheconvenience.”

ForpublicinstitutionssuchastheUniversityofMichiganandtheUniversityofMassachusetts,onlinelearningnotonlyextendstheirbrand,it’sacost-effectivewaytoservemorestudents.AtUMassOnline,enrollmentamongstudentsundertheageof25hasincreased91percentoverthepastthreeyears.AtThomasEdisonStateCollegeinTrenton,N.J.,thatgrowthrateoverthesameperiodismorethan100percent.“Thebestwaytolowerthecostofhighereducationistograduateontime,”saysUMasspresidentJackWilson.“Moreandmoreweseestudentsusingonlinelearningasanaccelerator,awaytomovemorequicklythroughtheirundergraduateprogram.”

1.ThestudybytheSloanFoundationshowsthat______.

2.AccordingtoPhilips,whatwastheattitudeofpeopletowardsonlinelearning?

3.ByImmersiveEducationmethod,studentscan______.

4.IfyoutakeacourseatUMassOnline,______.

5.Comparedwiththetraditionalform,onlineeducationhasalltheadvantagesEXCEPT______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.about4millionAmericanstudentstookonlinecoursesinthe2007-2008schoolyear

B.theonlineenrollmentisgrowingatarateofmorethan10timesperyear

C.theratiooftraditionalinseatandonlineenrollmentgrowthrateis12.9to1.2

D.thebiggestreasonthatsomanypeopletakeonlinecoursesisitsconvenience

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.It’saconvenientwayoflearning.

B.It’sacost-effectivewayoflearning.

C.It’sabad-reputedwayoflearning.

D.It’sanexcellentwayoflearning.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.enjoysomefeatsinphysicalclassroomthatgravityrendersimpossible

B.gotoacityplaguedwithsuicidebombers,biochemicalattacksandsoon

C.learnhowtobeaparentbyraisinganadoptedchildthroughInternet

D.haveasimulatedtripthroughthehumanbodyinfrontofacomputer

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.you’llgetaspecialdegreedifferentfromcampus-goingcounterparts’

B.youcanspendashortertimetogetadegreethangoingtocampus

C.you’llreceivehigherstandardizedcurriculathantraditionaleducation

D.youcanacceptclasscounselingfromteachersatanytimeyouwant

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.onlinedegreecostsalotlessthanin-classeducation

B.onlineeducationhasmanyconveniences

C.onlineeducationisfarmoreinterestingthantraditionalformofeducation

D.onlineeducationprovidescolorfulactivitieswhichgreatlyenhancesociallife

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thatconvenienceisoneofthemainreasonsnearly4millionAmericanstudentstookatleastoneonlinecourseinthe2007-2008schoolyear,accordingtoastudybytheSloanFoundation.（根據(jù)斯隆基金會(huì)的一項(xiàng)研究，這種便利性是2007-2008學(xué)年近400萬美國學(xué)生至少選修一門在線課程的主要原因之一。）”，由此可知該項(xiàng)研究主要說明了線上學(xué)習(xí)的便捷性，因此D選項(xiàng)“很多人選擇在線課程的最大原因是它的方便”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“在2007-2008學(xué)年，大約有400萬美國學(xué)生參加了在線課程”、B選項(xiàng)“網(wǎng)上報(bào)名正以每年10倍以上的速度增長”以及C選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)的座位上課方式和網(wǎng)上招生增長率之比為12.9:1.2”說法都正確，但都是該研究的內(nèi)容，其主要目的還是說明線上課程的便捷性，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Thestigmaisgone…Onlinelearninghasreachedmassculturalacceptance.It’snolongertheuglystepsisterofthehigher-educationworld.（壞名聲的時(shí)代已經(jīng)過去了。在線學(xué)習(xí)已為大眾文化所接受。它再也不是高等教育世界里丑陋的后來者了?！笨赏茢喑?，以前人們認(rèn)為在線學(xué)習(xí)是不可取的，C選項(xiàng)“這是一種普遍認(rèn)為很差的學(xué)習(xí)方法”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“這是一種方便的學(xué)習(xí)方式”；B選項(xiàng)“這是一種經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的學(xué)習(xí)方式”；D選項(xiàng)“這是一種很好的學(xué)習(xí)方式”都與題干不符，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“AaronWalsh,aprofessoratBostonCollegeandaformervideogamedesigner,haspioneeredImmersiveEducation,amethodofteachingthroughvirtualworlds.（波士頓學(xué)院教授、前電子游戲設(shè)計(jì)師亞倫?沃爾什首創(chuàng)了沉浸式教育，這是一種通過虛擬世界進(jìn)行教學(xué)的方法。）”，下文舉例進(jìn)行說明，其中提到“l(fā)ikehavingart-historystudentsflytotheceilingoftheSistineChapelorbiologymajorstotakeaMagicSchoolbus-liketripthroughthehumanbody.（比如讓藝術(shù)史學(xué)生飛到西斯廷教堂的天花板上，或者讓生物專業(yè)的學(xué)生乘坐魔法學(xué)校的巴士進(jìn)行人體內(nèi)的旅行。）”，由此可推斷出D選項(xiàng)“在電腦前模擬人體旅行”符合浸入式教育的虛擬環(huán)境，所以正確。A選項(xiàng)“在物理教室里享受一些重力使其不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的壯舉”；B選項(xiàng)“去一個(gè)有自殺式炸彈襲擊，生化攻擊等的城市”以及C選項(xiàng)“通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)學(xué)習(xí)如何撫養(yǎng)一個(gè)被收養(yǎng)的孩子”都不符合浸入式教育的虛擬環(huán)境條件，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Moreandmoreweseestudentsusingonlinelearningasanaccelerator,awaytomovemorequicklythroughtheirundergraduateprogram.（我們?cè)絹碓蕉嗟乜吹綄W(xué)生將在線學(xué)習(xí)作為一種加速器，一種更快地完成本科課程的方式。）”，由此可知在麻省大學(xué)，學(xué)生可以通過線上學(xué)習(xí)提前完成自己的本科學(xué)業(yè)，因此B選項(xiàng)“你可以花比去校園更短的時(shí)間獲得學(xué)位”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“你將獲得一個(gè)不同于在校同學(xué)的特殊學(xué)位”；C選項(xiàng)“你將接受比傳統(tǒng)教育更高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化課程”；D選項(xiàng)“你可以隨時(shí)接受老師的輔導(dǎo)”都與原文內(nèi)容不符，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段“At$630percourse—about$1,800perse