考研考博-英語-安徽工商職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽工商職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Withmostonlinerecruitmentservices,jobseekersmustchoosetheirwordscarefully;thesearchenginewillnevermakethecorrectmatch.

問題1選項

A.therefore

B.whereas

C.provided

D.otherwise

【答案】

【解析】邏輯關(guān)系。句意:對于大多數(shù)在線委托招聘服務(wù)，找工作的人必須小心選擇他們的話語，否則搜索引擎不可能找到正確的匹配。

therefore因此；所以whereas然而；鑒于；反之provided假如；倘若otherwise否則。

2.單選題

Nocompanylikestobetolditiscontributingtothemoraldeclineofanation.“Isthiswhatyouliketoaccomplishwithyourcareers?”anAmericansenatoraskedTimeWarnerexecutivesrecently.“Youhavesoldyoursouls,butmustyoucorruptournationandthreatenourchildrenaswell?”AtTimeWarner,however,suchquestionsaresimplythelatestmanifestationofthesoul-searchingthathasinvolvedthecompanyeversincethecompanywasbornin1990.It’saself-examinationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesofresponsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.

AtthecoreofthisdebateischairmanGeraldLevin,56,whotookoverfromthelateSteveRossintheearly1990s.Onthefinancialfront.Levinisunderpressuretoraisethestockpriceandreducethecompany’smountainousdebt,whichwillincreaseto$17.3billionaftertwonewcabledealsclose.Hehaspromisedtoselloffsomeofthepropertyandrestructurethecompany,butinvestorsarewaitingimpatiently.

Theflapoverrapisnotmakinglifeanyeasierforhim.Levinhasconsistentlydefendedthecompany’srapmusiconthegroundsofexpression.In1992,whenTimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasingIce-T’sviolentrapsongCopKiller.Levindescribedrapasalawfulexpressionofstreetculture,whichdeservesanoutlet.“Thetestofanydemocraticsociety,”hewroteinaWallStreetJournalcolumn,“l(fā)iesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossiblelatitude,howeverdisputableorirritatingtheresultsmaysometimesbe.Wewon’tretreatwhenwefaceanythreats.”

Levinwouldnotcommentonthedebatelastweek,butthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.Duringthediscussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth’sstockholders’meeting,Levinassertedthat“musicisnotthecauseofsociety’sills”andevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx.NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.Buthetalkedaswellaboutthe“balancedstruggle”betweencreativefreedomandsocialresponsibility,andheproclaimedthatthecompanywouldlaunchadrivetodevelopstandardsfordistributionandlabelingofpotentiallyobjectionablemusic.

The15-memberTimeWarnerboardisgenerallysupportiveofLevinandhiscorporatestrategy.Butinsiderssayseveralofthemhaveshowntheirconcernsinthismatter.“Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthatthefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarenottotally”,saysLuce,“Ithinkitisperhapsthecasethatsomepeopleassociatedwiththecompanyhaveonlyrecentlycometorealizethis.”

1.AnAmericansenatorcriticizedTimeWarnerfor（）.

2.Theword“flap”(paragraph3)heremeans（）.

3.In1992,TimeWarnercausedpublicoutragebecauseit（）.

4.Inthefaceofrecentattacksonthecompany,Levin（）.

5.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

問題1選項

A.itsraisingofthecorporatestockprice

B.itsself-examinationofthesoul

C.itsneglectofsocialresponsibility

D.itsemphasisoncreativefreedom

問題2選項

A.controversy

B.fear

C.disaster

D.solution

問題3選項

A.sackedworkersasaresultofrestructuring

B.issuedarecordpromotingviolence

C.advocatedthecultureofthestreet

D.challengedthefreedomofexpressionindemocraticsociety

問題4選項

A.stucktoastrongstandtodefendfreedomofexpression

B.softenedhistoneandintroducedanewinitiative

C.yieldedtoobjectionsandresignedfromthecompany

D.requestedunconditionalsupportfromthe15-memberboard

問題5選項

A.profitsandsocialresponsibilitycanrarelygohandinhandinthecompany

B.fewpeopleareconcernedaboutcorporateresponsibility

C.thedebateoverTimeWarner’spolicywillsooninvolveothercompanies

D.theTimeWarnerBoard’sopinionofthecompany’spolicyisdivided

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段It’saself-examinationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesofresponsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.（這是一種自我反省，在不同時期，涉及到責(zé)任、創(chuàng)作自由和企業(yè)底線等問題。）通過這句話我們可以推測出，華納對于自己社會責(zé)任的無視，因此C選項“對社會責(zé)任的忽視”正確。而A選項“它提高了公司的股票價格”，這是確有其事，但并不是議員批評它的原因；B選項“它的靈魂的自我反省”，他們有沒有反省并不確定；D選項“它強調(diào)創(chuàng)作自由”，這個也不是參議員的觀點。

2.語義推測題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段Theflapoverrapisnotmakinglifeanyeasierforhim.（對他來說，說唱帶來的不安并沒有使生活變得更輕松。）并且后文講述了華納因為發(fā)行的一些說唱歌曲而遭到抨擊，因此說唱給他帶來的應(yīng)該是不好的事，因此A選項“爭論”正確。B選項“恐懼”，不符合原意；C選項“不幸，災(zāi)難”，語義過重；D選項“解決方案”，和原文不搭。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段In1992,whenTimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasingIce-T’sviolentrapsongCopKiller.（1992年，時代華納因發(fā)行Ice-T的暴力說唱歌曲《警察殺手》而遭到抨擊。）可知TimeWarner“引起民怨”，主要是因為他出版了鼓勵暴力的唱片。因此B選項“發(fā)布了一個宣揚暴力的唱片”正確。A選項“由于重組而被解雇的工人”；C選項“提倡街頭文化”以及D選項“挑戰(zhàn)民主社會的言論自由”都不正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段butthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.（但有跡象表明，主席正在放棄他的強硬立場，至少在某種程度上是這樣。）因此B選項“他緩和了語氣，提出了一些新方案”正確。A選項“堅定捍衛(wèi)言論自由的立場”；C選項“屈服于反對意見，從公司辭職”以及D選項“請求15名董事會成員無條件支持”都不是真實的。

5.判斷推理題。從最后一段Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthatthefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarenottotally（我們中的一些人已經(jīng)知道很多很多年了，第一修正案規(guī)定的自由并不是完全的），可知，憲法第一修正案中的言論自由不是沒有限制的，因此他們應(yīng)該同時考慮社會責(zé)任，對公司來說利益和社會責(zé)任通常不能兼顧。因此A選項“在公司里，利潤和社會責(zé)任很少能齊頭并進”正確。B選項“很少有人關(guān)心企業(yè)的責(zé)任”，過于片面；C選項“關(guān)于時代華納政策的辯論很快就會牽涉到其他公司”，沒有提及；D選項“時代華納董事會對公司的政策意見不一”，不是真正的內(nèi)涵。

3.單選題

Manyoftheinventionsthatmadepeople（）andhavedeterminedtheinventionsofAmericanindustrywererelatedtoagricultureandfoodproduction.

問題1選項

A.abundant

B.affluent

C.sufficient

D.pleasant

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Abundant“豐富的，充裕的”；affluent“富裕的，豐富的”；sufficient“足夠的，充分的”；pleasant“令人愉快的，舒適的”。句意：那些使人們富裕并且決定了美國工業(yè)創(chuàng)新的大多數(shù)發(fā)明都與農(nóng)業(yè)和食物生產(chǎn)相關(guān)?？崭裉幩畹膯卧~是作people的補足語，所以選項B符合題意。

4.單選題

Thefounders,aswasthecaseofalmostalltheirsuccessors,werelongonexhortationandrhetoricregardingthevalueofciviceducation,buttheyleftittothetextbookwriterstodistilltheessenceofthosevaluesforschoolchildren.

問題1選項

A.infuse

B.disseminate

C.extract

D.demonstrate

【答案】C

【解析】劃線詞的賓語是theessenceofthosevaluesforschoolchildren，從那些價值觀中……本質(zhì)。A選項infuse“灌輸；浸漬”；B選項disseminate“宣傳；散步”；C選項extract“提??；提煉”；D選項demonstrate“證明；展示”。聯(lián)系句意可知“從那些價值觀中提取本質(zhì)”邏輯通順，因此C選項符合題意。

5.單選題

Afterhiswife'sdeath,hewasonthevergeofa（

）.

問題1選項

A.breakdown

B.breakout

C.breakin

D.breakthrough

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他的妻子過世后，他陷入了崩潰的邊緣。

考查形近詞辨析。Breakdown崩潰,倒塌,損壞,故障;breakout逃脫,越獄;breakin打斷,闖入,開始工作;breakthrough突破,突破性進展。由關(guān)鍵詞hiswife’sdeath(他妻子的死亡)可知A符合句意。

6.單選題

Inthelatenineteenthcentury,ecologybegantogrowintoanindependentsciencefromitsrootsinnaturalhistoryandplantgeography.Theemphasisofthisnew"communityecology"wasonthecompositionandstructureofcommunitiesconsistingofdifferentspecies.Intheearlytwentiethcentury,theAmericanecologistFredericClementspointedoutthatasuccessionofplantcommunitieswoulddevelopafteradisturbancesuchasavolcaniceruption,heavyflood,orforestfire.Anabandonedfield,forinstance,willbeinvadedsuccessivelybyherbaceousplants（plantswithlittleornowoodytissue）,shrubs,andtrees,eventuallybecomingaforest.Light-lovingspeciesarealwaysamongthefirstinvaders,whileshade-tolerantspeciesappearlaterinthesuccession.

Clementsandotherearlyecologistssawalmostlawlikeregularityintheorderofsuccession,butthathasnotbeensubstantiated.Ageneraltrendcanberecognized,butthedetailsareusuallyunpredictable.Successionisinfluencedbymanyfactors:thenatureofthesoil,exposuretosunandwind,regularityofprecipitation,chancecolonizations,andmanyotherrandomprocesses.

Thefinalstageofasuccession,calledtheclimaxbyClementsandearlyecologists,islikewisenotpredictableorofuniformcomposition.Thereisusuallyagooddealofturnoverinspeciescomposition,eveninamaturecommunity.Thenatureoftheclimaxisinfluencedbythesamefactorsthatinfluencedsuccession.Nevertheless,maturenaturalenvironmentsareusuallyinequilibrium.Theychangerelativelylittlethroughtimeunlesstheenvironmentitselfchanges.

ForClements,theclimaxwasa"superorganism,"anorganicentity.EvensomeauthorswhoacceptedtheclimaxconceptrejectedClements1characterizationofitasasuperorganism,anditisindeedamisleadingmetaphor.Anantcolonymaybelegitimatelycalledasuperorganismbecauseitscommunicationsystemissohighlyorganizedthatthecolonyalwaysworksasawholeandappropriatelyaccordingtothecircumstances.Butthereisnoevidenceforsuchaninteractingcommunicativenetworkinaclimaxplantformation.Manyauthorsprefertheterm"association"totheterm"community"inordertostresstheloosenessoftheinteraction.

Evenlessfortunatewastheextensionofthistypeofthinkingtoincludeanimalsaswellasplants.Thisresultedinthe"biome,"acombinationofcoexistingfloraandfauna.Thoughitistruethatmanyanimalsarestrictlyassociatedwithcertainplants,itismisleadingtospeakofa"spruce-moosebiome,"forexample,becausethereisnointernalcohesiontotheirassociationasinanorganism.Thesprucecommunityisnotsubstantiallyaffectedbyeitherthepresenceorabsenceofmoose.Indeed,therearevastareasofspruceforestwithoutmoose.TheoppositiontotheClementsianconceptofplantecologywasinitiatedbyHerbertGleason,soonjoinedbyvariousotherecologists.Theirmajorpointwasthatthedistributionofagivenspecieswascontrolledbythehabitatrequirementsofthatspeciesandthatthereforethevegetationtypeswereasimpleconsequenceoftheecologiesofindividualplantspecies.

1.Ecologyhadbeenrootedin（）beforeitgrewintoanindependentscience.

2.AccordingtoFredericClements,（）afteravolcaniceruption,heavyflood,orforestfire.

3.Successionisinfluencedbythefollowingfactorsexcept（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabout“climax”,accordingtothepassage?

5.Theconceptof"biome"wouldemphasizethat（）.

問題1選項

A.communityecology

B.thescienceofspecies

C.thestudyofcommunitystructure

D.naturalhistoryandplantgeography

問題2選項

A.onlylight-lovingspeciescangrow

B.plantcommunitiescandevelop

C.forestscanhardlysurvive

D.fewplantscangrow

問題3選項

A.regularrainfalls

B.chancecolonizations

C.exposuretosun

D.natureofthesoil

問題4選項

A.Itsnatureisinfluencedbythesamefactorsthatinfluencedsuccession.

B.Itchangesrelativelylittlethroughtimeatmaturity.

C.Itisahighlyinteractingcommunicativenetwork.

D.Itisthefinalstageofasuccession.

問題5選項

A.animalsandplantsdonotsubstantiallyaffecteachother

B.plantcommunitiesalwaysrelyoncoexistinganimalstosurvive

C.thereisinternalcohesionintheassociationofanimalswithplants

D.thedistributionofagivenspeciesiscontrolledbythehabitatrequirements

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第一段“Inthelatenineteenthcentury,ecologybegantogrowintoanindependentsciencefromitsrootsinnaturalhistoryandplantgeography”可知，19世紀后期，生態(tài)學(xué)從其自然歷史和植物地理學(xué)的根源開始成長為一門獨立的科學(xué)。由此可判斷本題正確答案為D選項。A選項表示“社區(qū)生態(tài)學(xué)”，B選項表示“物種學(xué)科”，C選項表示“社區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)的研究”。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問：根據(jù)FredericClements的理論，在火山爆發(fā)、洪水或森林大火之后……。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息定位到原文第一段第三句“asuccessionofplantcommunitieswoulddevelopafteradisturbancesuchasavolcaniceruption,heavyflood,orforestfire”可知，一系列的植物群落會在火山爆發(fā)、洪水或者森林火災(zāi)后形成。因此本題正確答案為B選項。A選項表示“只有喜光的物種才能生長”，C選項表示“森林很難生存”，D選項表示“很少植物能生長”。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到原文第二段最后一句“Successionisinfluencedbymanyfactors:thenatureofthesoil,exposuretosunandwind,regularityofprecipitation,chancecolonizationsandmanyotherrandomprocesses”可知，生態(tài)演替受到多種因素的影響：土壤土質(zhì)、暴露到陽光和風(fēng)中、降水的規(guī)律性、定居生長的機會以及許多其它隨機過程。因此本題正確答案為A選項。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問：根據(jù)文章可知，下面關(guān)于“climax”的表述哪個選項是不正確的?由原文第三段第一句“Thefinalstageofasuccession,calledtheclimaxbyClementsandearlyecologists,islikewisenotpredictableorofuniformcomposition.”可知，“climax”指的是生態(tài)演替的最后一個階段——頂級群落。可判斷D選項正確。由原文第三段第二句“Thereisusuallyagooddealofturnoverinspeciescomposition,eveninamaturecommunity.”可知，即使在一個成熟的群落中，物種組成通常也有很大的變化，可判斷B選項錯誤。由第三段第三句“Thenatureoftheclimaxisinfluencedbythesamefactorsthatinfluencedsuccession”可知，影響生態(tài)演替的因素同樣也影響頂級群落的性質(zhì)，可判斷A選項表述正確。由第四段第三句“Anantcolonymaybelegitimatelycalledasuperorganismbecauseitscommunicationsystemissohighlyorganizedthatthecolonyalwaysworksasawholeandappropriatelyaccordingtothecircumstances”可知，一個蟻群可能被合法地稱為頂級群落，因為它的交流系統(tǒng)是高度組織化的，由此可判斷C選項正確。綜上所述，本題正確答案為B選項。

5.推理判斷題。題干詢問：“生態(tài)群系”的概念強調(diào)的是……。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息“biome”可定位到原文最后一段，根據(jù)“acombinationofcoexistingfloraandfauna”可知，“biome”是指共生的動植物群的組合。由最后一段最后一句“Theirmajorpointwasthatthedistributionofagivenspecieswascontrolledbythehabitatrequirementsofthatspecies”可知，一種特定物種的分布是由該物種的棲息地需求控制的，由此可判斷，本題正確答案為D選項。A選項表示“動物和植物之間沒有實質(zhì)性的相互影響”，B選項表示“植物群落總是依靠共存的動物生存”，C選項表示“在動物與植物的聯(lián)系中有一種內(nèi)在的凝聚力”。

7.單選題

（）,thebookhasmanymistakes.

問題1選項

A.Havingnotbeenwrittencarefully

B.Notwritingcarefully

C.Havingwrittennotcarefully

D.Nothavingbeenwrittencarefully

【答案】D

【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時的否定使用。非謂語動詞的否定式通常是就在非謂語動詞之前加not或never，由此可以排除A，C選項。句意：這本書寫得不細心，有很多錯誤。在發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多錯誤的時候書已經(jīng)完成了，所以需要使用完成時態(tài)，而書本的編撰是由人完成的，需要使用被動語態(tài)。因此D選項符合題意。

8.單選題

Itisdifficultto______ofaplantoendpoverty.

問題1選項

A.speculate

B.conceive

C.ponder

D.reckon

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項speculate“推測；推斷；投機；思索”；B選項conceive“懷孕；構(gòu)思；以為；持有；設(shè)想；考慮”；C選項ponder“仔細考慮；衡量；考慮；沉思”；D選項reckon“測算，估計；認為；計算；猜想，料想”。conceiveof“設(shè)想；以為；想象；構(gòu)思”。句意：想出一個消除貧困的計劃是很難的。因此B選項正確。

9.翻譯題

修剪樹木可能是為了確保樹木有一個所要求的形狀或大小。

傳統(tǒng)上，電視一直是一種大眾轉(zhuǎn)播傳媒。我們對電視最熟悉，因為它以一種相似的形式存在近50年了。

你可以相信，一個作家付出的努力越大，寫作效果就會越好，得到的回報也就越大。

一個婦女當(dāng)她扮演起多重角色的時候，她會感到更加幸福。

很明顯，在一種體制下，如果每一項決定都只是根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣來做，那么，社會就會很難進步。

【答案】Thepurposeofpruningtreesistoensurethatthetreeshaveadesignedshapeorsize.

Traditionally,TVhadbeenakindofpopularbroadcastmedia.Wearemostfamiliarwithtelevision,foritisasimilarformofexistencefornearly50years.

Itisbelievedthatthemoreeffortawritermakesthebettereffecthewouldobtainandthegreaterresultshewillreceive.

Awomanwhoplaysmanyroleswouldfeelhappier.

Obviously,inasystem,ifeverydecisionmakingisbasedontraditionalhabits,thesocietywouldbeverydifficulttodevelop.

10.單選題

Don’ttrustthespeakeranymore,sincetheremarkshemadeinhislecturesarenever（

）withthefacts.

問題1選項

A.symmetrical

B.comparative

C.compatible

D.harmonious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。symmetrical“勻稱的，對稱的”；comparative“比較的，相當(dāng)?shù)摹?；compatible“兼容的，能共處的”；harmonious“和諧的，和睦的”。

句意：不要再相信那個演說者了，因為他演講中的話語與事實不符。選項C符合題意。

11.單選題

TheAleuts,residingonseveralislandsoftheAleutianChain,thePribilofIslands,andtheAlaskanPeninsula,havepossessedawrittenlanguagesince1825,whentheRussianmissionaryIvanVeniaminovselectedappropriateoftheCyrillicalphabettorepresentAleutspeechsounds,recordedthemainbodyofAleutvocabulary,andformulatedgrammaticalrules.TheCzaristRussianconquestoftheproud,independentseahunterswassodevastatinglythoroughthattribaltraditions,eventribalmemories,werealmostdestroyed.Thebrutalkillingofthemajorityofanadultgenerationwassufficienttodestroythecontinuityoftribalknowledge,whichwasdependentuponoraltransmission.Asaconsequence,theAleutsdevelopedapassionatedevotiontotheirlanguageastheironlyculturalheritage.

TheRussianoccupationplacedaheavylinguisticburdenontheAleuts.NotonlyweretheycompelledtolearnRussiantoconversewiththeiroverseersandgovernors,buttheyhadtolearnOldSlavonictotakeanactivepartinchurchservicesaswellastomastertheskillofreadingandwritingtheirowntongue.In1867,whentheUnitedStatespurchasedAlaska,theAleutswereunabletobreaksharplywiththeirimmediatepastandsubstituteEnglishforanyoneoftheirthreelanguages.

TocommunicantsoftheRussianOrthodoxChurchknowledgeofSlavonicremainedvital,asdidRussian,thelanguageinwhichoneconversedwiththeclergy.TheAleutscametoregardEnglisheducationasadevicetowithdrawthemfromtheirreligiousfaith.TheintroductionofcompulsoryEnglishschoolingcausedaminorrebirthofRussiancultureastheAleutparentssoughttocounteracttheinfluenceoftheschoolroom.TheharshlifeoftheRussiancolonialrulebegantoappearmorehappyandbeautifulinretrospect.

RegulationsforbiddinginstructioninanylanguageotherthanEnglishincreaseditsunpopularity.ThesuperficialalphabeticalresemblanceofRussianandAleutlinkedthetwotonguessocloselythateveryrestrictionagainstteachingRussianwasinterpretedasanattempttoeradicatetheAleuttongue.Fromthewordingofmanyregulations,itappearsthatAmericanadministratorsoftenhadnottheslightestideathattheAleutsweresecretlyreadingandwritingtheirowntongueorevenhadwrittenlanguageoftheirown.Totoomanyofficials,anythinginCyrillicletterswasRussianandsomethingtobestampedout.BitternessbredbyabusesandtheexploitationstheAleutssufferedfrompredatoryAmericantradersandadventurerskeptalivetheAleutresentmentagainstthelanguagespokenbyAmericans.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwithdescribing（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasthemostimportantreasonfortheAleuts’devotiontotheirlanguage?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthe“threelanguages”mentionedattheendofParagraphTwo?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthereligiousbeliefsoftheAleutscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.WhichlanguagewasneededwiththeRussianOrthodoxChurch?

6.Thepassageshowsthatitissometimesdifficulttoidentifythedifferencesbetween

（

）.

7.Thepassageisdevelopedprimarilyby（

）.

問題1選項

A.Americangovernment’sattemptstopersuadetheAleutstouseEnglishasasecondlanguage.

B.theAleut’sloyaltytotheirlanguageandtheAmericans’failuretounderstandit.

C.howtheRussianoccupationofAlaskacreatedawrittenlanguagefortheAleuts.

D.thetreatmentofAlaskaninhabitantsbyRussianandtheU.S.beforeandafter1867.

問題2選項

A.Theinventionofawrittenversionoftheirlanguage.

B.Thedestructionoftheiroraltransmissionoftribalknowledge.

C.TheintroductionofOldSlavonicorworship.

D.TheirdevotiontotheRussianOrthodoxChurch.

問題3選項

A.Russian

B.OldSlavonic

C.TheAleuttongue

D.Thelanguagetaughtatschoolsince1867.

問題4選項

A.PriortotheRussianoccupationtheyhadnoreligiousbeliefs.

B.Americantradersandadventuresforcedthemtoabandonallreligiousbeliefs.

C.AtnotimeintheirhistoryhavetheAleutshadanorganizedreligion.

D.TheRussiansforcedAleutstobecomemembersoftheRussianOrthodoxChurch

問題5選項

A.English

B.Cyrillic

C.Aleut

D.Slavonic

問題6選項

A.RussianandAleut.

B.BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.

C.RussiancolonialrulesandtheAmericanregulations.

D.theAmericansandAleutsintermsofreligiousbeliefs.

問題7選項

A.testingtheevidencesupportingatheory

B.weighingtheprosandconsofaplan

C.debatingaboutamoralissue

D.describingcausesandeffectsofevents

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文主要描述的是俄國統(tǒng)治時期和1867年美國管理阿拉斯加后，阿留申人的遭遇，其內(nèi)容是從語言方面展開的。A選項“美國政府試圖說服阿留申人把英語作為第二語言”只表達了美國管理阿拉斯加的一個方面；B選項“阿留申人忠于自己的語言，而美國人卻不懂”前半句符合文意，但后半句在本文中并未提及；C選項“俄羅斯占領(lǐng)阿拉斯加為阿留申人創(chuàng)造了一種書面語言”也只表述了俄羅斯統(tǒng)治阿拉斯加的這一部分內(nèi)容；D選項“美國和俄國在1867年前后對待阿拉斯加居民的方式”概括了本文內(nèi)容，因此D選項正確。

2.判斷推理題。本題需要找出阿留申人熱愛自己語言的原因。本文第一段最后兩句提到“Thebrutalkillingofthemajorityofanadultgenerationwassufficienttodestroythecontinuityoftribalknowledge,whichwasdependentuponoraltransmission.Asaconsequence,theAleutsdevelopedapassionatedevotiontotheirlanguageastheironlyculturalheritage.（俄國）對大部分成年阿留申人的屠殺導(dǎo)致依靠口口相傳的部落只是的消失。因此，阿留申人把他們的語言視作唯一的文化遺產(chǎn)，且十分熱愛自己的語言?！币虼薆選項“他們口頭傳播的部落知識被破壞”符合文意。

3.事實細節(jié)題。由排除法可知，第二句中提到了Russian俄語和OldSlavonic古斯拉夫語，第三句提到了1867年后學(xué)校里教授的English，因此唯一沒有提到的是C選項“阿留申語”。

4.判斷推理題。題干關(guān)鍵詞thereligiousbelief“宗教信仰”并未直接出現(xiàn)在本文中，但仔細瀏覽可發(fā)現(xiàn)與宗教相關(guān)詞匯。第二段中提到“theyhadtolearnOldSlavonictotakeanactivepartinchurchservicesaswellastomastertheskillofreadingandwritingtheirowntongue他們必須學(xué)習(xí)古斯拉夫語，積極參加教會活動，并掌握讀寫他們自己的語言的技能”，這里說的教會必然與俄羅斯相關(guān)。且第三段第一句就說到“TocommunicantsoftheRussianOrthodoxChurchknowledgeofSlavonicremainedvital,asdidRussian,thelanguageinwhichoneconversedwiththeclergy對俄國東正教會的信徒來說，斯拉夫語的知識仍然是至關(guān)重要的，同樣重要的還有與神職人員交談時使用的俄語”，由此可推知當(dāng)時阿留申人在被俄國統(tǒng)治時，是被俄羅斯人強制要求成為俄國東正教教徒的。D選項“俄國人強迫阿留申成為俄國東正教的成員”正確。A選項“在俄國占領(lǐng)之前，他們沒有宗教信仰”在本文未提及之前是否有宗教信仰；B選項“美國商人和冒險家迫使他們放棄所有的宗教信仰”同樣也沒有在文章中直接提及；C選項“阿留申人在歷史上從未有過一個有組織的宗教”與上述文意相悖，明顯曾在一段時間內(nèi)，阿留申人是俄國東正教教徒的。

5.事實細節(jié)題。接上題分析，第二段與第三段中均提到，在俄國東正教中，需要使用斯拉夫語。因此D選項正確。

6.判斷推理題。本體需要找的是兩個同類相似事物間的比較。文章最后一段第二句說到“ThesuperficialalphabeticalresemblanceofRussianandAleutlinkedthetwotonguessocloselythateveryrestrictionagainstteachingRussianwasinterpretedasanattempttoeradicatetheAleuttongue.俄語和阿留申語表面上按字母順序相似，卻把這兩種語言聯(lián)系得如此緊密，以至于任何對俄語教學(xué)的限制都被理解為試圖根除阿留申語?！币虼讼嗨频氖嵌砹_斯語和阿留申語。A選項正確。

7.主旨大意題。本題偏向文章結(jié)構(gòu)，需要找出作者的寫作思路或文章線索。在第一題的分析中就提到，本文主要講述俄國和美國統(tǒng)治時期，阿拉斯加的阿留申人的遭遇，其中主要講述了語言方面的發(fā)展歷程，在這個過程中阿留申人變得熱愛自己的語言。因此也就是描述不同統(tǒng)治時期的政策及其結(jié)果，D選項“描述事件的原因和結(jié)果”符合題意。

12.單選題

Itissome15millionHindus,SikhsandMuslimssweptupinatumultuousshuffleofcitizensbetweenIndiaandPakistanafterthepartitionofthesubcontinentin1947.

問題1選項

A.division

B.turmoil

C.fusion

D.consolidation

【答案】A

【解析】1947年印度和巴基斯坦的……導(dǎo)致約1500萬印度教徒、錫克教徒和穆斯林卷入了印度和巴基斯坦之間混亂的公民流動中?？芍猵artition必然與“分割、隔離”相關(guān)。A選項division“分割”；B選項turmoil“混亂，騷動”；C選項fusion“融合”；D選項consolidation“鞏固，合并”。只有A選項是partition的近義詞。

13.單選題

Thetwoarticlesarousesuspicion.Thetheory?Thenovel?Sincethereisnosuchthingasthenovel,howcantherebeasingletheory?Oristheeditorsomesoilofmonist?Blinkeredhedgehoginwildfoxcountry?Thejacketidentifiesinwildfoxcountry?ThejacketidentifiesMr.Halperinas“AssociateProfessorandDirectorofGraduateStudiesintheDepartmentofEnglishattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.”Thisistrueacademicweight.“HeisalsotheauthorofTheLanguageofMeditation:FourStudiesinNine-teenth-CenturyFictionandEgoismandSelf-DiscoveryintheVictorianNovel,”Well,meditationifnotlanguageisbiginSouthernCalifornia,wheremanyanavocadotreeshadesitssmogboundZenmaster,whiletheVictoriannovelcontinuestobeagrowthindustryinAcademe.Eagerly,oneturnstoProfessorHalperin’s“ACriticalIntroduction”tonineteenessaysbyasmanyprofessorsofEnglishProfessorHalperinhasnotaneasywaywithourrichlanguage.Nevertheless,oneopenshisbookinthehopethattheproseof“someofthemostdistinguishedcriticsofourtime”willbebetterthanhisown.

AmericanprofessorsofEnglishhaveneverhadaneasytimewithFrenchtheoreticiansofthenovel(closescrutinyofthequotationfromBarthesrevealsthatitwastakenfromanEnglishnotanAmericantranslation).Nevertheless,despitevarioushedgeslike“mayinevitably,”ProfessorHalperinhasrecklesslyenrolledhimselfintheschoolofParis(classof56).Asaresult,hebelievesthattheautonomousnovel“isnotcreatedasaconsciousrepresentationofanythingoutsideitself.”Asidefromthepresumptionofpretendingtoknowwhatanywriterhasinmind(isheinevitablybutnotconsciouslydescribingormimickingtherealworld?),itisnativetoassumethataman-madenovelcaneverresembleameteorfallenfromouterspace,aperfectlyautonomousartifactwhoseraisondetreis“withtherelationshipsamongthevariousstructuralelementswithintheworkoffictionitself”ratherthan“betweenreaderandtext.”ApparentlythenovelisnolongerwhatJamesconceivedit,astorytold,inProfessorHalperin’shappyphrase,from“thelimitedperspectiveofasinglesentientconsciousness.”Andso,indubiousbattle,unconscioussentienciesclashintheEnglishdepartmentsoftheWestwithinsentientconsciousnesses.

Ingeneral,ProfessorHalperin’snovel-theoristshavenothingveryurgentorinterestingtosayaboutliterature.Whythendotheywritewhentheyhavenothingtosay?Becausetheambitiousteachercanonlyriseintheacademicbureaucracybywritingatcomplicatedlengthaboutwritingthathasalreadybeenmuchwrittenabout.Theresultofallthisbook-chatcannotinterestanyonewhoknowsliteraturewhilethosewhowouldliketolearnsomethingaboutbookscanonlybemystifiedanddiscouragedbythesecommentaries.CertainlyitisnoaccidentthatthenumberofstudentstakingEnglishcourseshasbeenindeclineforsomeyears.Butthatisbesidethepoint.Whatmattersisthattheeffortsoftheteachersnowunderreviewadduptoatleastahalfmillenniumofacademictenure.

Rebirthofthenovel?Thatseemsunlikely.TheUniversity-noveltendstobestillborn,suitableonlyforclassroombiopsy.ThePublic-novelcontinuestobewrittenbuttheaudienceforitisreadinganythingatalldifficultandunrewarding.AmbitiousnovelistsarepoignantlyawareofthegeneraldeclineinwhatProfessorHalperinwouldcall“readingskills”.MuchofMr.DonaldBarthelme’smeanstobeironic.Ofcourseheknowshisbookisnotveryinterestingtoread,butthenlifeisnotveryinterestingtoliveeither.Hopefully,asProfessorHalperinwouldsay,thebookwillself-destructonceithasbeenrituallypraisedwhereverEnglishistaughtbutnotlearned.

1.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsJohnHalperin’scredentialsandpastpublicationsisbestdescribedas（

）.

2.Theauthorarguesthatcontemporaryliterarycriticismproducedbytheacademy（

）.

3.Theauthordifferentiatesbetweentwotypesofnovels:

（

）.

4.Theauthoriscriticaloftheideathatthenovel

（

）.

5.TheauthorofthisessaybelievesthatHalperin（

）.

問題1選項

A.collegial

B.condescending

C.compassionate

D.cynical

問題2選項

A.isstronglyinfluencedbycriticalworkswrittenbyFrenchphilosophers

B.isusefulonlyinsofarasissecuresitsauthor’sacademiccareer

C.reflectsanunhealthysenseofnihilism

D.servesasanexampleoftheinterface“betweenreaderandtext”

問題3選項

A.oneartfullycreatedforpeoplewholovetoread,theothersloppedtogetherforscholasticanalysis

B.onewell-writtenandintendedforscholars,theotherpoorly-writtenandintendedforthepublic

C.thos