考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Ididn’tlistentoMomandIwasnotsurprisedatthelookof（）onherface.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.indifference

B.compliment

C.negligence

D.reproach

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)indifference“漠不關(guān)心；不重視；中立”；B選項(xiàng)compliment“恭維；稱贊；問(wèn)候”；C選項(xiàng)negligence“疏忽；忽視”；D選項(xiàng)reproach“責(zé)備；責(zé)罵”。句意：我沒有聽媽媽的話，看到她臉上責(zé)備的表情，我并不感到驚訝。題干中說(shuō)到“Ididn’tlistentoMom我沒有聽媽媽的話”，而“責(zé)備”符合語(yǔ)境，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Butgiftssuchasthesecannotbeawardedtoeverybody,eitherbyjudgesorbythemost（

）ofgovernment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tough

B.demanding

C.diverse

D.benign

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。tough意為“堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的，堅(jiān)韌的”；demanding意為“要求高的，費(fèi)力的”；diverse意為“不同的，多種多樣的”；benign意為“溫和的，仁慈的”。

句意：但是像這樣的禮物不能獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)給每個(gè)人，不管是由法官還是由溫和的政府。

3.單選題

Thoughsometimestoolazytoworkashardashersisters,Lindahasamoreavidfondnessforthelimelight.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mercurial

B.gallant

C.ardent

D.frugal

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)mercurial“多變的；活潑的；機(jī)智的”；B選項(xiàng)gallant“英勇的”；C選項(xiàng)ardent“熱烈的”；D選項(xiàng)frugal“節(jié)儉的”。句意：雖然琳達(dá)有時(shí)太懶，不像她的姐妹們那樣努力工作，但她對(duì)引人注目更熱烈地喜歡。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，C選項(xiàng)ardent“熱烈的”搭配fondness“喜好”比較合理，和avid“熱衷的”同義，符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Incalculatingthedailycalorierequirementsforanindividual,variationsinbodysize,physicalactivityandageshouldbe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.broughtintopractice

B.takenintoaccount

C.thrownlighton

D.lookeddownupon

【答案】B

【解析】bringintopractice實(shí)行；takeintoaccount考慮；throwlighton照亮，闡明，使……顯得清楚；lookdownupon看不起。句意：在計(jì)算個(gè)人每日所需熱量時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮到體型、體力活動(dòng)和年齡的變化。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

5.單選題

Despite（

）effortsbythefinanceminister,inflationroseto36points.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.absurd

B.grimy

C.valiant

D.fraudulent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。absurd“不合理的，荒謬的，可笑的，愚蠢的”；grimy“污穢的”；valiant“勇敢的，英勇的”；fraudulent“欺詐的，欺騙的”。句意：盡管財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)做了無(wú)畏的努力，通貨膨脹還是上升到了36點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

Weknowthatchronicpaincandisruptaperson’slife,causingproblemsthatrangefrommissedworktodepression.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.short-term

B.acute

C.bitter

D.long-lasting?

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)short-term“短期的”；B選項(xiàng)acute“嚴(yán)重的，[醫(yī)]急性的；敏銳的；激烈的；尖聲的”；C選項(xiàng)bitter“苦的；痛苦的；尖刻的；充滿仇恨的”；D選項(xiàng)long-lasting“持久的；長(zhǎng)期的，持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)的”。句意：我們知道，慢性疼痛會(huì)擾亂一個(gè)人的生活，導(dǎo)致從曠工到抑郁等一系列問(wèn)題。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞chronic“慢性的；長(zhǎng)期的；習(xí)慣性的”，得知D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Dr.Smithfailedmanytimesbuthefinally（

）tofindasuccessfulwaytosolvetheproblem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokeoff

B.brokedown

C.brokeout

D.brokethrough

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)breakoff“（使）分離”；B選項(xiàng)breakdown“失敗”；C選項(xiàng)breakout“突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)”；D選項(xiàng)breakthrough“突圍，突破”。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知句子前面表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，由failedmanytimes（多次失敗）與finally（最終）可知D選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：史密斯醫(yī)生失敗了很多次，但他最終突破了，找到了解決問(wèn)題的成功方法。

8.單選題

Evenwhentextbooksare______throughaschoolsystem,methodsofteachingmayvarygreatly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.commonplace

B.standardized

C.competitive

D.generalized

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)commonplace“平凡的，普通的”；B選項(xiàng)standardized“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的”；C選項(xiàng)competitive“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的，比賽的”；D選項(xiàng)generalized“普遍的，廣泛的”。根據(jù)Even可知空格與varygreatly的意思相反，因此選B。句意：即使教科書通過(guò)學(xué)校系統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，教學(xué)方法也可能有很大的不同。

9.單選題

TheterroristattacksinLondonThursdayservedasajarringreminderthatintoday’sworld,youneverknowwhatyoumightseewhenyoupickupthenewspaperorturnontheTV.Disturbingimagesofterrorcantriggeravisceralresponsenomatterhowcloseorfarawayfromhometheeventhappened.

Throughouthistory,everymilitaryconflicthasinvolvedpsychologicalwarfareinonewayoranotherastheenemysoughttobreakthemoraleoftheiropponent.Butthankstoadvancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet,andproliferationofnewscoverage,therulesofengagementinthistypeofmentalbattlehavechanged.

Whetherit’samassiveattackorasinglehorrificact,theeffectsofpsychologicalwarfarearen’tlimitedtothephysicaldamageinflicted.Instead,thegoaloftheseattacksistoinstillasenseoffearthatismuchgreaterthantheactualthreatitself.

Therefore,theimpactofpsychologicalterrordependslargelyonhowtheactsarepublicizedandinterpreted.Butthatalsomeanstherearewaystodefendyourselfandyourlovedonesbyputtingthesefearsintoperspectiveandprotectingyourchildrenfromhorrificimages.

WhatIsPsychologicalTerror?"Theuseofterrorismasatacticispredicateduponinducingaclimateoffearthatisincommensuratewiththeactualthreaten,"saysMiddleEasternhistorianRichardBullietofColumbiaUniversity.“Everytimeyouhaveanactofviolence,publicizingthatviolencebecomesanimportantpartoftheactitself.”

“Therearevariouswaystohaveyourimpact.Youcanhaveyourimpactbythemagnitudeofwhatyoudo,bythesymboliccharacteroftarget,orthehorrificqualityofwhatyoudotoasingleperson”BulliettellsWebMD.“Thepointisthatitisn’twhatyoudo,butit’showit’scoveredthatdeterminestheeffect.”Forexample,BullietsaystheIranianhostagecrisis,whichbeganin1979andlastedfor444days,wasactuallyoneofthemostharmlessthingsthathappenedintheMiddleEastinthelast25years.AlloftheU.S.hostageswereeventuallyreleasedunharmed，buttheeventremainsapsychologicalscarformanyAmericanswhowatchedhelplesslyaseachevening’snewscastcountedthedaysthehostageswerebeingheldcaptive.

Bullietsaysterroristsfrequentlyexploitimagesofagroupofmaskedindividualsexertingtotalpowerovertheircaptivestosendthemessagethattheactisacollectivedemonstrationofthegroup’spowerratherthananindividualcriminalact.“Youdon’thavethenotionthatacertainpersonhastakenahostage.It’sanimageofgrouppower,andtheforcebecomesgeneralizedratherthanpersonalized,”saysBulliet.“Therandomnessandtheubiquityofthethreatgivetheimpressionofvastlygreatercapacities.’’

PsychiatristAnsarHaroun,whoservedintheU.S.ArmyReservesinthefirstGulfWarandmorerecentlyinAfghanistan,saysthatterroristgroupsoftenresorttopsychologicalwarfarebecauseit’stheonlytactictheyhaveavailabletothem.“Theydon’thaveM-16s,andwehaveM-16s.Theydon’thavethemightymilitarypowerthatwehave,andtheyonlyhaveaccesstothingslikekidnapping,"saysHaroun,whoisalsoaclinicalprofessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.

“Inpsychologicalwarfare,evenonebeheadingcanhavethepsychologicalimpactthatmightbeassociatedwithkilling1,000oftheenemy,"HarountellsWebMD.“Youhaven’treallyharmedtheenemyverymuchbykillingonepersonontheotherside.Butintermsofinspiringfear,anxiety,terror,andmakingusallfeelbad,you’veachievedalotofdemoralization."

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTamongthereasonsthatchangetherulesofpsychologicalwarfare?（

）

2.AccordingtoRichardBulliet,whydoes"publicizinganactofviolencebecomesanimportantpartofterrorismitself”?（

）

3.TheIranianhostagecrisisshowsthat（

）.

4.Therandomnessandtheubiquityoftheterroristactsbringtothepublictheimpressionthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Breakthemoraleoftheiropponent.

B.Advancesintechnology.

C.ThepopularityoftheInternet.

D.Prosperityofmedia.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausepsychologicalterrorismisatactic.

B.Becauseterrorismdependsonaclimateoffearratherthanontheactualthreat.

C.Becausetheuseofterrorismistoinspirefearthatismoredestructivethantheactualthreat.

D.Becausepublicizingtheviolencecanmakemorepeopleknowtheactualthrea

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theimpactofpsychologicalterrorrelieslargelyonhowtheactsarepublicized

B.therearevariouswaystohavetheimpactofpsychologicalterror

C.theAmericanmediaiseffective

D.thewaysdeterminestheeffect

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theterroristsareexertingtotalpowerovertheircaptives

B.thethreatisacollectivedemonstrationofthegroup’spower

C.theterroristsarepowerfulandpervasive

D.theforcebecomesgeneralizedratherthanpersonalized

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞psychologicalwarfare定位至第二段第一句,緊接著后面就提出了原因,advancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet和proliferationofnewscoverage,分別對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B，C，D，只有選項(xiàng)A沒有提及。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞RichardBulliet定位至第五段。第五段指出原因在于恐怖主義的策略就是創(chuàng)造一種和實(shí)際并不相符的恐懼氛圍。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Iranianhostagecrisis定位至第六段。選項(xiàng)D與第六段第四句重現(xiàn)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Therandomnessandtheubiquity定位至第七段，最后一句指出：這種威脅的隨機(jī)性和普遍性給人的印象是其破壞能力大大增強(qiáng)。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

10.單選題

Hebuiltalargefencebecauseheheardhisneighborwasgoingto（）onhisproperty.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.apposite

B.execrable

C.utilitarian

D.impinge

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。impingeon“影響；撞擊；侵犯”。句意為：因?yàn)槁犝f(shuō)鄰居將會(huì)侵犯自己的財(cái)產(chǎn)，所以他修建了一個(gè)大的圍欄。根據(jù)句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

TheMayacivilizationreacheditsperiodofgreatestdevelopmentaboutA.D.250andcontinuedto（）forhundredsofyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thrive

B.flourish

C.prevail

D.popularize

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。thrive繁榮,興旺,主要指生長(zhǎng)得健壯;flourish繁榮,興旺,指健康地成長(zhǎng)發(fā)展或處于發(fā)展的高峰;prevail盛行,戰(zhàn)勝;popularize普及,推廣。句意：瑪雅文明大約在公元250年達(dá)到了其最偉大的發(fā)展時(shí)期,并持續(xù)繁榮了數(shù)百年。所以選項(xiàng)B更合適。

12.翻譯題

五年前，如果一個(gè)中國(guó)大學(xué)生打算入伍當(dāng)兵的話，那可是需要很多勇氣的?？山裉欤絹?lái)越多的大學(xué)生選擇入伍當(dāng)兵，這可要?dú)w功于部隊(duì)對(duì)高級(jí)人才的要求，以及鼓勵(lì)大學(xué)生入伍當(dāng)兵的新政策。

24歲的小周是金融專業(yè)的畢業(yè)生，也是一個(gè)將目光轉(zhuǎn)向部隊(duì)以求發(fā)展的年輕人。這個(gè)月初，他剛剛通過(guò)了征召入伍的體檢。“我希望通過(guò)部隊(duì)的嚴(yán)格訓(xùn)練強(qiáng)身健體，鍛煉心志。我不擔(dān)心入伍后我的事業(yè)發(fā)展，相反，我倒認(rèn)為入伍參軍本身就對(duì)事業(yè)發(fā)展很有好處?！?/p>

隨著現(xiàn)代戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和軍事計(jì)劃越來(lái)越需要復(fù)雜的技術(shù)和操縱能力，現(xiàn)代化部隊(duì)急需受過(guò)良好教育的人才來(lái)完全掌握復(fù)雜的裝備。據(jù)北京征兵辦公室消息，和2001年北京首次征召大學(xué)生入伍相比，大學(xué)生入伍比率從0.1%提升到60%。學(xué)士以上的學(xué)位有助申請(qǐng)入伍的成功率，如果你具有某些特別領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)，就更有優(yōu)勢(shì)。譬如，各國(guó)之間軍事交流中需要語(yǔ)言能力，語(yǔ)言專業(yè)的人就很有優(yōu)勢(shì)，電子通訊或電子學(xué)是未來(lái)軍事競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域，對(duì)這類人才的需求也很高。

為了吸引更多的高素質(zhì)人才入伍，有關(guān)大學(xué)畢業(yè)生征召的宣傳和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)計(jì)劃一直在進(jìn)行。事實(shí)上，這種入伍的經(jīng)歷很有意義，可以開闊視野，也可以讓你有更多時(shí)間思考自己未來(lái)的事業(yè)，以及是否愿意投身部隊(duì)。

【答案】IfaChinesecollegestudentintendedtoenlistasasoldierinthearmy,ittookalotofcouragefiveyearsago.Buttoday,moreandmorecollegestudentschoosetobecomeanarmysoldierduetotheneedsofthearmiesforseniortalents,aswellasthenewpoliciesencouragingstudentstojointhearmy.

24-year-oldZhou,asfinancemajor,isalsoturninghisattentiontotheforceinordertoseekhisowndevelopment.Earlierthismonth,hejustpassedthephysicalexaminationofthecalltoarmy.“Ihopeastockybodyandastrongmindcanbegainedbythethoroughtrainingoftheforce.I’mnotbotheredaboutmycareerdevelopmentafterjoiningthearmy;onthecontrary,Ithinkitbenefitstomycareerdevelopment.”

Modernarmiesbadlyneedthewell-educatedpeopletocompletethecomplicatedequipment,asthemodernwarfareandthemilitaryplansincreasinglyneedcomplextechniqueandoperationalcapability.Itistheconscriptionofficestatedthatcomparingwithfirstlyenlistingrecruitsfromcollegestudentsin2001,theenrolleesfromuniversitygraduatesincreasefrom0.1%to60%inBeijing.Bachelororabovewillbeusefulforthesuccessfulapplicationoftherecruitment.Youwillhavemoreadvantagesifyoumaintaintheknowledgeinsomespecificfield.Forexample,thepersonoflanguagemajorhasabigadvantageduetotheneedofthelanguagecompetenceforthemilitaryexchanges.Thequalifiedpersonfromelectroniccommunicationsorelectronicswhichrepresentakeyfieldofthefuturemilitarycompetitionhasahighdemand.

Inordertoattractmorehigh-qualitytalentstojointhearmy,publicityandrewardsprogramhavebeenengaginginthecollegegraduatesbeingcalledup.Infact,thisismeaningful,whichbroadensyourhorizons,leavesmoretimeformappingoutyourwholefuturecareeraswellaswhetherornottobewillingtoengageintheforces.

13.單選題

TheGermanGovernment’slong-plannedreturntoitshistoriccapitalisinfull______thissummer,almost10yearsafterthefalloftheBerlinWall.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gear

B.speed

C.rate

D.move

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)gear“齒輪；（特定用途的）器械”；B選項(xiàng)speed“（發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的）速度，進(jìn)度”，fullspeed“全速（或全力）向前”；C選項(xiàng)rate“速度；比率”；D選項(xiàng)move“行動(dòng)”。句意：在柏林墻倒塌近10年后的今年夏天，德國(guó)政府計(jì)劃已久的重返歷史上的首都的計(jì)劃______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是全力推動(dòng)計(jì)劃，結(jié)合詞組fullspeed“全速（或全力）向前”，B選項(xiàng)speed“（發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的）速度，進(jìn)度”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.翻譯題

學(xué)問(wèn)是自己的事，不能依靠別人。環(huán)境好，圖書設(shè)備充足，有良師益友指導(dǎo)啟發(fā)，當(dāng)然有很大的幫助，但是這些條件具備，也不一定能保證一個(gè)人在學(xué)問(wèn)上就有成就。世間也有不少在學(xué)問(wèn)上有成就的人，并不具備這些條件。最重要的因素，還是個(gè)人自己的努力。求學(xué)是一件艱苦的事，許多人不能忍受那必經(jīng)的艱苦，所以不能得到成功。

【答案】Learningisone'sownbusiness,andonecannotrelyonothers.Obviouslyitwillbeveryhelpfultolearnknowledgeifonehasgoodconditions,suchasgoodenvironment,enoughbooksandequipmentandguidanceandenlightenmentsfromscholarlymentorsandbeneficialfriends.However,eveniftheseconditionsareprovided,itisnotsurethatonewillhavesuccessinlearning.Therearemanypeoplemakingachievementinlearningwithnothoseconditions.Themostimportantfactorinlearningliesintheindividual'sownendeavor.Learningistough,andmanypeoplecannotbearthehardshiptheymustexperience,sothattheycannotachievesuccess.

15.單選題

Themegaphonemakesthevoicesoundbecauseitpointssoundwavesinonedirectionandkeepsthemfromspreadingoutinalldirections.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.slithering

B.interfering

C.radiating

D.murmuring

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。spreadout表示“展開，伸張”。A項(xiàng)slither“使滑動(dòng)”，B項(xiàng)interfere“干涉，妨礙”，C項(xiàng)radiate“輻射，發(fā)射”，D項(xiàng)murmur“低聲說(shuō)”。句意：擴(kuò)音器之所以能發(fā)出聲音，是因?yàn)樗崖暡ㄖ赶蛞粋€(gè)方向，防止它們向四面八方擴(kuò)散。根據(jù)題意該題選C。

16.單選題

Inthe1960s,manyyoungAmericansweredissatisfiedwithAmericansociety.TheywantedtoendtheVietnamWarandtomakeallofthepeopleintheU.S.equal.SomeofthemdecidedtodropoutofAmericansocietyandformtheirownsocieties.Theyformedutopiancommunities,whichtheycalled“communes”,wheretheycouldfollowtheirphilosophyof“doyourownthing”.AgroupofartistsfoundedacommuneinsouthernColoradocalled“DropCity”.FollowingtheideasofphilosopherandarchitectBuckminsterFuller,theybuiltdome-shapedhousesfrompiecesofoldcars.Othergroups,suchasauthorKenKesey’sMerryPranksters,thefollowersofSanFranciscopoetSteveGakin,andagroupthatcalleditselftheHogFarm,livedinoldschoolhousesandtraveledaroundtheUnitedStates.TheHogFarmbecamefamouswhentheyhelpedorganizetheWoodstockRockFestivalin1969.SteveGaskin’sfollowerstriedtosettledownonafarminTennessee,buttheyhadtoleavewhensomemembersofthegroupwerearrestedforgrowingmarijuana(大麻).

Notallcommunesbelievedinthephilosophyof“doyourownthing”.However,TwinOaks,acommunefoundedinVirginiainthelate1960s,wasbasedontheideasofpsychologistB.F.Skinner.ThepeoplewholivedatTwinOakswerecarefullycontrolledbySkinner’s“conditioning”techniquestodothingsthatweregoodforthecommunity.In1972,ItalianarchitectPaoloSoleribegantobuildArcosanti,autopiancityArizsonawhere2500peoplewilllivecloselytogetherinonelargebuildingcalledan“archeology”.Soleribelievesthatpeoplemustlivecloselytogethersothattheywillallbecomeone.

1.WhydidsomeyoungAmericansdecideto“dropout”ofsocietyduringthe1960s?

2.WheredidthemembersoftheHogFarmcommunelive?

3.WhogavethepeopleofDropCitytheideatobuilddome-shapedhouse?

4.WhatwastheTwinOakscommunebasedon?

5.Whatisan“archeology”?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheywantedtogototheVietnamWar.

B.Theydidnotwantallpeopletobeequal.

C.TheywerenotsatisfiedwithAmericansociety.

D.Theywantedtogrowmarijuana.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.OnafarminTennessee.

B.InanarcheologyinArizona.

C.Indome-shapedhouse.

D.Inoldschoolhouses.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.SteveGaskin.

B.BuckminsterFuller.

C.PaoloSoleri.

D.B.G.Skinner.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theideasofapsychologist.

B.Thebeliefthatpeoplemustlivecloselytogether.

C.Thephilosophyofdoyouownthing.

D.Virginiainthelate1960s.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.AcityinArizona.

B.Atechniquetocontrolpeople.

C.Apersonwhostudiesarchaeology.

D.Alargebuildingwherepeoplelivecloselytogether.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Inthe1960s,manyyoungAmericansweredissatisfiedwithAmericansociety.（20世紀(jì)60年代，許多美國(guó)年輕人對(duì)美國(guó)社會(huì)感到不滿。）和第三句SomeofthemdecidedtodropoutofAmericansocietyandformtheirownsocieties.（他們中的一些人決定退出美國(guó)社會(huì)，組成自己的社會(huì)。），可知是因?yàn)椴粷M美國(guó)社會(huì)，所以退出，C選項(xiàng)“他們不滿意美國(guó)社會(huì)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們想?yún)⒓釉侥蠎?zhàn)爭(zhēng)”和B選項(xiàng)“他們不希望所有的人都是平等的”：根據(jù)第一段第二句TheywantedtoendtheVietnamWarandtomakeallofthepeopleintheU.S.equal.（他們想結(jié)束越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，讓所有美國(guó)人平等。），可知他們希望戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)停止，也希望人人平等。D選項(xiàng)“他們想種植大麻”：根據(jù)第一段最后一句SteveGaskin’sfollowerstriedtosettledownonafarminTennessee,buttheyhadtoleavewhensomemembersofthegroupwerearrestedforgrowingmarijuana.（SteveGaskin的追隨者試圖在田納西州的一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)定居，但由于該組織的一些成員因種植大麻被捕，他們不得不離開。），可知種植大麻不是退出社會(huì)的原因。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第三句agroupthatcalleditselftheHogFarm,livedinoldschoolhousesandtraveledaroundtheUnitedStates（這個(gè)團(tuán)體自稱“theHogFarm”的團(tuán)體，住在舊學(xué)校房子里，周游美國(guó)），可知D選項(xiàng)“在舊學(xué)校房子里”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在田納西州的農(nóng)場(chǎng)”：根據(jù)第一段最后一句SteveGaskin’sfollowerstriedtosettledownonafarminTennessee（SteveGaskin的追隨者試圖在田納西州的一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)定居），可知這是SteveGaskin的追隨者而非“theHogFarm”。B選項(xiàng)“在亞利桑那州的古跡”C選項(xiàng)“在圓頂?shù)姆孔永铩保焊鶕?jù)第一段第五、六句AgroupofartistsfoundedacommuneinsouthernColoradocalled“DropCity”…theybuiltdome-shapedhousesfrompiecesofoldcars.（一群藝術(shù)家在科羅拉多州南部建立了一個(gè)名為“DropCity”的公社……他們用舊汽車的碎片建造了圓頂狀的房子。），可知這里指的是“DropCity”而非“theHogFarm”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第六句FollowingtheideasofphilosopherandarchitectBuckminsterFuller,theybuiltdome-shapedhousesfrompiecesofoldcars.（按照哲學(xué)家和建筑師BuckminsterFuller的想法，他們用舊汽車的碎片建造了圓頂狀的房子。），可知B選項(xiàng)“BuckminsterFuller”正確。A選項(xiàng)“SteveGaskin”，C選項(xiàng)“PaoloSoleri”和D選項(xiàng)“B.G.Skinner”不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句TwinOaks,acommunefoundedinVirginiainthelate1960s,wasbasedontheideasofpsychologistB.F.Skinner.（TwinOaks社區(qū)在20世紀(jì)60年代末于弗吉尼亞州成立，它基于心理學(xué)家B.F.Skinner的想法。），可知A選項(xiàng)“心理學(xué)家的想法”正確。B選項(xiàng)“人們必須緊密生活在一起的信念”，C選項(xiàng)“做自己的事情的哲學(xué)”和D選項(xiàng)“60年代末的弗吉尼亞”不符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句autopiancityArizsonawhere2500peoplewilllivecloselytogetherinonelargebuildingcalledan“archeology”（一個(gè)烏托邦城市亞利桑那，在這里2500人將緊密地生活在一個(gè)叫做“archeology”大建筑物里），可知這個(gè)烏托邦城市地點(diǎn)在亞利桑那，在“archeology”中人們緊密地生活在一起，D選項(xiàng)“人們住在一起的巨大建筑”正確，A選項(xiàng)“亞利桑那州的一個(gè)城市”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“一種控制人的技巧”和C選項(xiàng)“研究考古學(xué)的人”：文中沒有提到。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Engines[A]usedinspaceshuttlesare[B]muchlargerand[C]morestrongthanthe[D]onesusedinthecars.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.used

B.muchlarger

C.morestrong

D.ones

【答案】C

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】比較級(jí)用法。

【解題思路】Strong的比較級(jí)是在其后面直接加er，所以要把morestrong改為stronger。該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【句意】航天飛機(jī)上使用的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)比汽車上使用的要大得多，也更堅(jiān)固。

18.單選題

Ifounditdifficultto（）mycareerambitionswiththeneedtobringupmy

children.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intensify

B.amend

C.reconcile

D.consolidate

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。intensify使增加，加??；amend修改；reconcile使順從，和解；consolidate合并，鞏固，加強(qiáng)。句意：我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難讓我的事業(yè)抱負(fù)（）撫養(yǎng)孩子的需求。reconcilewith意為“使一致，和好，調(diào)解”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

19.單選題

Themanhadto（）theairportseveraltimesinordertobecomefamiliarwiththecontroloftheplane.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.surround

B.circle

C.observe

D.view

【答案】B

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。A選項(xiàng)surround“圍繞，包圍”；B選項(xiàng)circle“盤旋，環(huán)繞……移動(dòng)”；C選項(xiàng)observe“觀察，遵守”；D選項(xiàng)view“觀察，考慮”。句意：為了熟悉飛機(jī)的操縱，這個(gè)人不得不環(huán)繞著機(jī)場(chǎng)飛行了好幾次。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

20.單選題

TheEnglishnovelistWilliamThackerayconsideredthecultofthecriminalsodangerousthathecriticizedDickens’OliverTwistformakingthecharactersinthethieves’kitchenso（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.threatening

B.riveting

C.conniving

D.fearsome

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。threatening“危險(xiǎn)的；脅迫的；兇兆的”；riveting“非常迷人的；吸引人的”；conniving“縱容的；默許的”；fearsome“可怕的；害怕的”。句意：英國(guó)小說(shuō)家威廉?薩克雷認(rèn)為對(duì)罪犯的狂熱崇拜是相當(dāng)危險(xiǎn)的，所以他批評(píng)狄更斯的《霧都孤兒》讓小偷廚房中的人物是如此吸引人。由consideredthecultofthecriminalsodangerous可知B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。正是由于作品中塑造的人物具有吸引力才讓人崇拜。

21.單選題

Thephrase“agriefago”（

）fromtheconventionalnormthatweshouldputaperiodoftimesuchas“fiveminutes”before“ago”.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deviates

B.disconnects

C.detaches

D.distortes

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)deviate“使脫離，偏離”；B選項(xiàng)disconnect“拆開，使分離”；C選項(xiàng)detach“分離，派遣”；D選項(xiàng)distort“扭曲，變形”。根據(jù)句子的主語(yǔ)“phrase短語(yǔ)”和介詞from，可知空格意思為“偏離”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中deviatefrom有“偏離……”的意思，最符合空格意思，故正確答案選A。

22.單選題

Everythingintheshopistooexpensive;Iwon'tpay$200forthefurcoatbecauseitisnotworth（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.allthatmuch

B.thatmuchall

C.thatallmuch

D.muchallthat

【答案】A

【解析】考查限定詞詞序。限定詞的排序：前位限定詞（指量限定詞all，both，half等；倍數(shù)詞、分?jǐn)?shù)詞等）+中位限定詞（冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格）+后位限定詞（序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞，數(shù)量詞及短語(yǔ)many，much，little，few，plentyof，alotof）。

句意：商店里的東西都太貴了；我不會(huì)付200美元買這件毛皮大衣，因?yàn)樗静恢颠@么多錢。

23.單選題

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ittendstodwellupontheirjoyousexperiences.

B.Ithastroubleconcentratingafterabraininjury.

C.Itwandersforalmosthalfoftheirwakingtime.

D.Ittendstobeaffectedbytheirnegativefeelings.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Tostudytherelationbetweenhealthanddaydreaming.

B.Toseewhydaydreamingimpactswhatoneisdoing.

C.Toobservehowone’smindaffectsone’sbehavior.

D.Tofindhowhappinessrelatestodaydreaming.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itcontributestotheircreativity.

B.Itcontributestoclearthinking.

C.Ithelpsthemtaptheirpotentials.

D.Ithelpsthemmakegooddecisions.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Daydreamersdidbetterthannon-daydreamersintaskperformance.

B.Non-daydreamersweremorefocusedontheirtasksthandaydreamers.

C.Thedifferenceinperformancebetweenthetwogroupswasinsignificant.

D.Subjectswithcleargoalsinmindoutperformedthosewithoutcleargoals.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】PassageTwo

In2014,onein16Americansvisitedthehospitalemergencyroomforhomeinjuries.Oneofthemaincausesoftheseaccidents?Awanderingmind![12]Byoneestimate,peopledaydreamthroughnearlyhalfoftheirwakinghours.

Psychologistshaverecentlyfocusedonthetendencytothinkaboutsomethingotherthanthetaskoneisdoing.[13]Foroneexperiment,researchersdevelopedanapptoanalyzetherelationshipbetweendaydreamingandhappiness.Theyfoundthattheaverageperson’smindwanderedmostfrequently(about65%ofthetime)duringpersonalactivities,suchasbrushingtheirteethandcombingtheirhair.Respondents’mindstendedtowandermorewhentheyfeltupsetratherthanhappy.Theyweremorelikelytowandertowardpleasanttopicsthanunpleasantones.

Howdodaydreamsaffectdaydreamers?Awanderingmindleavesusvulnerablewhendriving.Inonestudy,researchersinterview955peopleinvolvedintrafficaccidents.Themajorityofthemreportedhavingdaydreamjustbeforetheaccident.Yetotherresearchsuggeststhatdaydreaminghasbenefits.Researchershavefoundthatitgivesusachancetothinkaboutourgoalsand[14]italsoseemstoincreasecreativity.Inoneexperiment,145undergraduatescompletedfour“unusualuses”tasks,eachrequiringthemtolistasmanyusesaspossibleforeverydayobject.Afterthefirstpairoftaskswascompleted,onegroupofparticipantswasassignedanundemandingactivityintendedtocausetheirmindstowander.Whenalltheparticipantsproceededtothesecondpairoftasks,[15]thedaydreamersperformed40percentbetterthantheothers.

12.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutpeople’smind?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)的是這篇文章提到的關(guān)于人的思想的信息。錄音開頭提到：據(jù)估計(jì)，人們幾乎一半的清醒時(shí)間都在幻想（peopledaydreamthroughnearlyhalfoftheirwakinghours），C選項(xiàng)“醒著的時(shí)候，幾乎有一半的時(shí)間都在走神”與之表述一致，因此正確。干擾項(xiàng)是A選項(xiàng)“傾向于沉湎于他們快樂(lè)的經(jīng)歷”，錄音中提到的是他們更傾向于談?wù)撚淇斓脑掝}（pleasanttopics），因此A選項(xiàng)不正確；B選項(xiàng)“大腦受傷后很難集中注意力”和D選項(xiàng)“容易受到負(fù)面情緒的影響”在錄音中均未提及。

13.Forwhatpurposedidtheresearchersdevelopthenewapp?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)研究人員開發(fā)這款新軟件的目的是什么？錄音提到，在一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，研究人員開發(fā)了一款應(yīng)用程序來(lái)分析幻想和幸福之間的關(guān)系（analyzetherelationshipbetweendaydreamingandhappiness），D選項(xiàng)“找出幸福是如何與幻想關(guān)聯(lián)的”是此信息的同義表述，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“健康與幻想的關(guān)系”；B選項(xiàng)“看看為什么幻想會(huì)影響一個(gè)人的行為”；C選項(xiàng)“觀察一個(gè)人的思想如何影響他的行為”均不正確。

14.Howdoesdaydreamingbenefitpeopleaccordingtosomeresearchers?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)根據(jù)一些研究者的說(shuō)法，幻想是怎樣使人受益的？錄音中也提到了幻想的好處：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，它給了我們思考目標(biāo)的機(jī)會(huì)，而且似乎還能提高創(chuàng)造力（increasecreativity），A選項(xiàng)中的contributesto是錄音中increase的同義替換，因此A選項(xiàng)正確；B選項(xiàng)“有助于清晰思考”；C選項(xiàng)“幫助他們挖掘潛力”；D選項(xiàng)“有助于他們做出正確的決定”均不正確。

15.Whatwasthefindingoftheexperimentwith145undergraduates?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)那個(gè)有145名本科生參加的實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？錄音最后提到，當(dāng)所有參與者進(jìn)行第二組任務(wù)時(shí)，“幻想者”的表現(xiàn)比其他人好40%（thedaydreamersperformed40percentbetterthantheothers），由此可知，A選項(xiàng)“幻想者在做任務(wù)時(shí)的表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于非幻想者”與之表述一致，因此正確。由上也可排除B選項(xiàng)“非幻想者比幻想者更專注于自己的任務(wù)”和C選項(xiàng)“兩組之間的表現(xiàn)差異不明顯”；而D選項(xiàng)“有明確目標(biāo)的受試者的表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于沒有明確目標(biāo)的受試者”在錄音中并沒有提及明確目標(biāo)這一信息，因此錯(cuò)誤。

24.單選題

Failureisprobablythemostfatiguingexperienceapersoneverhas.Thereisnothingmoreexhaustingthannotsucceeding,beingblocked,notmovingahead.Itisanevilcircle.Failurebreedsfatigue,andfatiguemakesithardertogettowork,whichaddstothefatigue.

Weexperiencethistirednessintwomainways,asstart-upfatigueandperformancefatigue.Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskthatweareforcedtotakeup.Eitherbecauseitistootediousorbecauseitistoodifficult,weavoidit.Andthelongerwepostponeit,themoretiredwefeel.

Suchstart-upfatigueisveryreal,evennotactuallyphysical,notsomethinginourmusclesandbones,Theremedyisobvious,thoughperhapsnoteasytoapply:willpowerexercise.ThemomentIfindmyselfturningawayfromajob,orputtingitunderapileofthingsIhavetodo,Iclearmydeskofeverythingelseandattachtheobjectionableitemfirst.Topreventstart-upfatigue,alwaystreatthemostdifficultjobfirst.

Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.Herewearewillingtogetstarted,butwecan'tseemtodothejobright.Itsdifficultiesappeartobeinsurmountableandhoweverhardwework,wefailagainandagain.Themountingexperienceoffailurecarrieswithitanever-increasingburdenofmentalfatigue.Insuchasituation,IworkashardasIcan,thenlettheunconscioustakeover.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbecalledanevilcircle?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whenkeepingputtingoffatask,wecanexperience（）.

3.Toovercomestart-upfatigue,weneed（）.

4.Theword“insurmountable”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Success-zeal-success-zeal

B.Failure-tiredness-failure-tiredness

C.Failure-zeal-failure-tiredness

D.Success-exhaustion-success-exhaustion

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.tiredness

B.performancefatigue

C.start-upfatigue

D.unconsciousness

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.toughness

B.prevention

C.muscles

D.strongwillpower

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thatcannotbesolved

B.thatcannotbeunderstood

C.thatcannotbeimagined

D.thatcannotbeobjected

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itiseasiertoovercomestart-upfatigue

B.Performancefatigueoccurswhenthejobwearewillingtotakegetsblocked

C.Onewillfinallysucceedafterexperiencingtheevilcircle

D.Fatigueoftenaccompaniesfatigue

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段Thereisnothingmoreexhaustingthannotsucceedingbeingblocked,notmovingahead.Itisanevilcircle.Failurebreedsfatigue,andfatiguemakesithardertogettowork,whichaddstothefatigue.可知失敗會(huì)導(dǎo)致疲憊，而疲憊會(huì)使你更難工作，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致疲憊加重，于是進(jìn)入惡性循環(huán)，受阻不前，影響進(jìn)度。因此，B項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskthatweareforcedtotakeup.Eitherbecauseitistootediousorbecauseitistoodifficult,weavoidit.可知，我們會(huì)因?yàn)槿蝿?wù)過(guò)于乏味或太難而推遲完成任務(wù)，這種情況就是start-upfatigue。因此，C項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第三段Theremedyisobvious,thoughperhapsnoteasytoapply:willpowerexercise.可知，解決辦法就是需要我們加強(qiáng)意志力的鍛煉。因此，本題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

4.詞匯題。題干詞匯insurmountable意思是不能克服的，難以解決超越的。A