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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東華宇工學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thefirewasfinallybroughtundercontrol,butnot(

)extensivedamagehadbeencaused.

問題1選項

A.before

B.since

C.after

D.as

【答案】A

【解析】考查介詞辨析。before“在…之前”;since“自…以來”;after“在…之后”;as“因為”。句意:盡管這場火災最終得到了控制,但仍然造成了大量的損害。由butnot轉(zhuǎn)折否定關(guān)系可知火災已經(jīng)造成了大量損害,大量損害發(fā)生在前,火災控制在后。故A項正確。

2.單選題

Thefirsttwodecadesofthiscenturyweredominatedbythemicrobehunters.Thesehuntershadtrackeddownoneafteranotherofthemicrobesresponsibleforthemostdreadedscourgesofmanycenturies:tuberculosis,cholera,diphtheria.Butthereremainedsometerriblediseasesforwhichnomicrobecouldbeincriminated:scurvy,pellagra,rickets,beriberi.Thenitwasdiscoveredthatthesediseaseswerecausedbythelackofvitamins,atracesubstanceinthediet.Thediseasescouldbepreventedorcuredbyconsumingfoodsthatcontainedthevitamins.Andsointhedecadesofthe1920’sand1930’s,nutritionbecameascienceandthevitaminhunters,replacedthemicrobehunters.

Inthe1940’sand1950’s,biochemistsstrivedtolearnwhyeachofthevitaminswasessentialforhealth.Theydiscoveredthatkeyenzymesinmetabolismdependononeoranotherofthevitaminsascoenzymestoperformthechemistrythatprovidescellswithenergyforgrowthandfunction.Now,theseenzymehuntersoccupiedcenterstage.

Youareawarethattheenzymehuntershavebeenreplacedbyanewbreedofhunterswhoaretrackinggenes—theblueprintsforeachoftheenzymes—andarediscoveringthedefectivegenesthatcauseinheriteddiseases—diabetes,cysticfibrosis.Thesegenehunters,orgeneticengineers,userecombinantDNAtechnologytoidentifyandclonegenesandintroducethemintobacterialcellsandplantstocreatefactoriesforthemassiveproductionofhormonesandvaccinesformedicineandforbettercropsforagriculture.Biotechnologyhasbecomeamultibillion-dollarindustry.

Inviewoftheinexorableprogressinscience,wecanexpectthatthegenehunterswillbereplacedinthespotlight.Whenandbywhom?Whichkindofhunterwilldominatethesceneinthelastdecadeofourwaningcenturyandintheearlydecadesofthenext?Iwonderwhetherthehunterswhowilloccupythespotlightwillbeneurobiologistswhoapplythetechniquesoftheenzymeandgenehunterstothefunctionsofthebrain.Whattocallthem?Theheadhunters.Iwillreturntothemlater.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.Howdovitaminsinfluencehealth?

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’stoneinthelastparagraphofthepassage?

4.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

問題1選項

A.Themicrobehunters.

B.Thepotentialofgeneticengineering.

C.Theprogressofmodernmedicalresearch.

D.Thediscoveryofenzymes.

問題2選項

A.Theyarenecessaryforsomeenzymestofunction.

B.Theyprotectthebodyfrommicrobes.

C.Theykeepfoodfromspoiling.

D.Theyarebrokendownbycellstoproduceenergy.

問題3選項

A.Critical.

B.Speculative.

C.Appreciative.

D.Emotional.

問題4選項

A.Thefocusofmedicalresearchwillchangeinthenexttwodecades.

B.Medicalbreakthroughsoftendependonluck.

C.Medicalresearchthroughoutthetwentiethcenturyhasbeendominatedbymicrobehunters.

D.Mostdiseasesarecausedbydefectivegenes.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】

Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?這篇文章的主題是什么?

A.Themicrobehunters.A.微生物獵人。

B.Thepotentialofgeneticengineering.B.基因工程的潛力。

C.Theprogressofmodernmedicalresearch.

C.現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學研究的進展。

D.Thediscoveryofenzymes.D.酶的發(fā)現(xiàn)。

【答案】C

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】文章第一段提出為了探究一些可怕疾病的成因,二十世紀二十年代前,醫(yī)學研究的焦點是微生物(dominatedbythemicrobehunters),到20年代和30年代,變成維生素(vitaminhunters,replacedthemicrobehunters);第二段提出,在40年代和50年代,酶成了研究重點(enzymehuntersoccupiedcenterstage);第三段提出焦點變成了基因(genehunters);最后一段提出基因也會被取代(thegenehunterswillbereplacedinthespotlight)。綜上所述,作者根據(jù)時間順序,介紹了在不同時間段,現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學研究的進程,因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“微生物獵人”,B選項“基因工程的潛力”和D選項“酶的發(fā)現(xiàn)”:是文章部分內(nèi)容,不足以概括全文,屬于以偏概全。

第2題:【選項釋義】

Howdovitaminsinfluencehealth?維生素如何影響健康?

A.Theyarenecessaryforsomeenzymestofunction.A.它們是某些酶發(fā)揮作用所必需的。

B.Theyprotectthebodyfrommicrobes.B.他們保護身體免受微生物的侵害。

C.Theykeepfoodfromspoiling.C.它們防止食物變質(zhì)。

D.Theyarebrokendownbycellstoproduceenergy.D.它們被細胞分解產(chǎn)生能量。

【答案】A

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞vitaminsinfluencehealth定位到第二段第一句,該處講到“生物化學家努力研究為什么每種維生素對健康都必不可少(vitaminswasessentialforhealth)”,結(jié)合下一句“新陳代謝中關(guān)鍵酶(keyenzymes)依賴于某種維生素(vitamins)作為輔酶進行化學反應(yīng)(ascoenzymestoperformthechemistry)”,可知有的酶發(fā)揮作用需要維生素的配合,因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“他們保護身體免受微生物的侵害”:文中沒有提到微生物侵害身體的情況,屬于無中生有;

C選項“它們防止食物變質(zhì)”:文中沒有提到食物變質(zhì)的問題,屬于無中生有;

D選項“它們被細胞分解產(chǎn)生能量”:對應(yīng)第二段第二句“關(guān)鍵酶(keyenzymes)執(zhí)行化學反應(yīng),為細胞的生長和發(fā)揮功能提供能量(providescellswithenergy)?!保芍@里講的是酶,而不是維生素,屬于張冠李戴。

第3題:【選項釋義】

Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’stoneinthelastparagraphofthepassage?以下哪個選項對作者在文章最后一段的語氣描述最恰當?

A.Critical.A.批判性的。

B.Speculative.B.猜測的。

C.Appreciative.C.感激的。

D.Emotional.D.情緒激動的。

【答案】B

【考查點】觀點態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中出處提示詞定位到第四段,該段用了大量問句,結(jié)合第一句“我們可以預期(wecanexpect)”以及第四句“我想知道(Iwonder)”,可知在最后一段,作者表達了自己的各種疑問和猜測,因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“批判性的”:作者不是在批判,屬于曲解原文;

C選項“感激的”:作者不是在表達感激,屬于曲解原文;

D選項“情緒激動的”:用了大量問句,不是為了表現(xiàn)自己情緒激動,而是為了強調(diào)自己的疑問與猜測語氣,屬于曲解原文。

第4題:【選項釋義】

Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?作者最可能同意下列哪一種說法?

A.Thefocusofmedicalresearchwillchangeinthenexttwodecades.A.醫(yī)學研究的重點在未來20年將會改變。

B.Medicalbreakthroughsoftendependonluck.B.醫(yī)學上的突破常常依靠運氣。

C.Medicalresearchthroughoutthetwentiethcenturyhasbeendominatedbymicrobehunters.C.整個二十世紀的醫(yī)學研究一直由微生物獵人主導。

D.Mostdiseasesarecausedbydefectivegenes.D.大多數(shù)疾病是由缺陷基因引起的。

【答案】A

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】此題定位到第四段第三句,該處講到“在我們這個衰落世紀的最后十年(inthelastdecadeofourwaningcentury)和下一個世紀的頭幾十年(intheearlydecadesofthenext),哪種獵人(Whichkindofhunter)會主宰世界?”,可知作者認為醫(yī)學研究的重點在未來20年有可能會改變,因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“醫(yī)學上的突破常常依靠運氣”:文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有;

C選項“整個二十世紀的醫(yī)學研究一直由微生物獵人主導”:對應(yīng)第一段第一句“本世紀的前二十年(firsttwodecadesofthiscentury),微生物獵人占據(jù)了主導地位。”,這里的時間是本世紀頭二十年,而不是整個世紀,屬于偷換概念;

D選項“大多數(shù)疾病是由缺陷基因引起的”:對應(yīng)第三段第一句“導致遺傳疾?。╟auseinheriteddiseases)的缺陷基因”,可知遺傳疾病由缺陷基因引起,而不是大多數(shù)疾病,屬于偷換概念。

3.單選題

Humaneyesightissokeenthatonaclear,moonlessnightapersonstandingonamountainpeakcanseeamatchbeingstruckasfarasfiftymilesaway.

問題1選項

A.slapped

B.lit

C.stuck

D.blazed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。struck表示“打擊,劃(火柴),罷工”。A項slap“拍擊”,B項lit“點亮,點燃”,C項stick“刺,戳”,D項blaze“燃燒,照耀”。句意:人類的視力是如此敏銳,在一個晴朗、沒有月亮的夜晚,一個人站在山頂上,就能看到50英里外的人正在劃一根火柴。根據(jù)題意該題選B。

4.單選題

Youhaveyourchoiceofthree______oficecream.

問題1選項

A.varieties

B.tops

C.respects

D.decks

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項varieties“(同一事物的)不同種類;品種”;B選項tops“頂端;表面”;C選項respects“(事物的)方面,細節(jié)”;D選項decks“(船或公共汽車的)一層”。句意:你有三______冰淇淋供你選擇。根據(jù)語境,這里指的是有三種不同的冰淇淋,A選項varieties“(同一事物的)不同種類”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

5.單選題

Undertheguidanceoftheirteacher,thepupilsarebuildingamodelboat()bysteam.

問題1選項

A.towed

B.pressed

C.tossed

D.propelled

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項towed“拖,拉”;B選項pressed“按,壓”;C選項tossed“拋,揚起”;D選項propelled“推進,推動”。句意:在老師的指導下,學生們正在制作一艘由蒸汽推動的模型船。本句表示推進船的動力,因此D選項正確。

6.問答題

Themost(A)acutechallenges(B)facingthefuturearelikelytobenotonlythosepittingmanagainsthisfellowman,butthose(C)involvedhumankind’sstruggletopreservetheenvironmentandensurethe(D)sustainabilityoflifeonearth.

【答案】C;“involved”改為“involving”。

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意:未來面臨的最嚴峻的挑戰(zhàn)可能不僅是人與人之間的競爭,而且是涉及到人類努力保護環(huán)境和確保地球上生命的可持續(xù)性的挑戰(zhàn)。句中“those”指代上文提到的“challenges”,“involved”過去分詞作后置定語表被動,而“those”和“involve”之間是主動關(guān)系,所以將“involved”改為“involving”。

7.單選題

Thefamousscientist

hissuccesstohardwork.

問題1選項

A.ascribed

B.granted

C.imparted

D.acknowledged

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。ascribe“歸因于”,一般與to搭配,ascribeto“把……歸于”;grant“(合法地)授予”;impart“告知”;acknowledge“承認,確認”。句意:這位著名的科學家將其成功歸功于努力。選項A符合題意。

8.單選題

Itwasawonderfuloccasionwhichwewill(

)formanyyearstocome.

問題1選項

A.conceive

B.clutch

C.cherish

D.contrive

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。conceive“構(gòu)思,懷孕,考慮”;clutch“緊握,抓住”;cherish“珍惜”;contrive“設(shè)計,發(fā)明,圖謀”。

句意:在未來的很多年里我們都會珍惜這個美好的時刻。選項C符合題意。

9.單選題

Asprotectorofherfamily’shealth,thepioneerwomanconfrontedsituationssheneverimaginedbeforecrossingtheMississippi.Fewwomencamewestpreparedtodealwithdesertsunburn,rattlesnakebites,orarrowwounds.Evenwhendoctorswereavailable,theywereoftennomoreknowledgeablethantheirpatients.Andmostpatentmedicineswerenomorereliablethantheitinerantmerchantswhosoldthem.

Incertaincases,awomancoulddrawuponthefolkwisdomandremediesshehadlearnedbackhome;Westernmosquitoes,forexample,provedtobeasrepelledbyapasteofvinegarandsaltasweretheirEasterncousins.Moreoften,however,awomanwasguidedonlybyherowningenuityinconcoctingtonics,powders,poisons,andpolishesfromwhatevershehadathand;saltmadeapassabletoothpaste;gunpowderwasappliedtowarts,andturpentine(松節(jié)油)toopencuts;goosegrease,skunkoil,andtheever-presentlardwerebasicliniments;medicalteasandtonicswerebrewedfromsunflowerseedsandroots.

31.Accordingtothepassage,whyweredoctorsinthewestsometimesunabletohelptheirpatients?

32.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutpatentmedicines?

33.ItcanbeinferredthatmostofthepioneersreferredtointhepassagewereoriginallyfromwhereintheUnitedStates?

34.AllofthefollowingwerementionedinthepassageasbeingencounteredbythepioneersEXCEPT().

35.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinordertosurviveintheWest,thepioneershadtobe().

問題1選項

A.Theydidnotknowhowtotreattheunfamiliarillnesses.

B.Theyweremoreinterestedinestablishingpracticesinthecities.

C.Theyweremoreconcernedwithdoingresearchthanwithtreatingpatients.

D.Theywereoftenovercomebydiseasescaughtfromtheirpatients.

問題2選項

A.Theydonotcostmuch.

B.Theyhelpedhealsnakebites.

C.Theydidnotworkverywell.

D.Theyhasastrongtaste.

問題3選項

A.Thedesert

B.TheWest

C.ThestateofMississippi

D.TheEast

問題4選項

A.arrowwounds

B.severefrostbite

C.desertsunburn

D.rattlesnakebites

問題5選項

A.sincere

B.young

C.resourceful

D.rich

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】31.客觀細節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文Evenwhendoctorswereavailable,theywereoftennomoreknowledgeablethantheirpatients.(即使有醫(yī)生,他們也常常像他們的病人一樣缺乏知識。)故A選項“他們不知道如何治療他們不熟悉的疾病”正確。B選項“他們對在城市建立業(yè)務(wù)更感興趣”,C選項“他們更關(guān)心做研究而不是治療病人”,D選項“他們經(jīng)常對他們病人的疾病無可奈何”不符合原文。因此A選項正確。

32.客觀細節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文Andmostpatentmedicineswerenomorereliablethantheitinerantmerchantswhosoldthem.(大多數(shù)專利藥和賣專利藥的流動商人的藥品一樣,都不可靠。)所以我們可以推理出專利藥的效果難以保證。C選項“它們的效果不太好?!闭_。A選項“它們不貴”,B選項“它們對治療蛇咬傷有幫助”,D選項“它們味道很重”都不符合原文。故選C。

33.推理判斷題。定位在第二段第一句,提示詞learnbackhome(從家學習到的),可以在下半句找到答案,theirEasterncousins(她們東部的表兄弟們)可推理出她們來自美國的東部地區(qū)。A選項Thedesert“沙漠”;B選項Thewest“西部”;C選項ThestateofMississippi“密西西比州”,首句Asprotectorofherfamily’shealth,thepioneerwomanconfrontedsituationssheneverimaginedbeforecrossingtheMississippi.Fewwomencamewestpreparedtodealwithdesertsunburn,rattlesnakebites,orarrowwounds.(作為她家庭健康的守護者,這位開拓者在穿越密西西比州之前遇到了她從未想象過的情況。很少有婦女來西部就準備好了應(yīng)對沙漠曬傷、響尾蛇的咬傷或箭傷的。)由此可排除AB選項,C選項為干擾項,文中只說了穿越了密西西比并沒有直接說明來自那里。故選D。

34.客觀細節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文Fewwomencamewestpreparedtodealwithdesertsunburn,rattlesnakebites,orarrowwounds.(很少的婦女來到西部,就能夠準備應(yīng)對沙漠曬傷、響尾蛇咬傷或者箭傷的。)A選項“箭傷”,C選項“沙漠曬傷”,D選項“響尾蛇咬傷”在句中都有提及,而B選項“嚴重的凍傷”并未涉及,故選B。

35.語義推測題。A選項sincere“真誠的”;B選項young“年輕的”;C選項resourceful“有策略的,足智多謀的”;D選項rich“富有的”。從第一段我們知道西部地區(qū)是比較艱苦的,定位到第二段awomancoulddrawuponthefolkwisdomandremediesshehadlearnedbackhome.(女人可以借鑒自己在家里學到的民間智慧和療法。)由此我們可知先鋒者在西部艱苦的地方生存下來是需要有一定技巧的,故選C。

10.單選題

There'sonegirlatmyschoolwhoeverybody_______becauseshedoesn'twearwhateverybodyelsewears;theyarehorribletoher.

問題1選項

A.picksout

B.picksover

C.pickson

D.picksoff

【答案】C

【解析】pickout挑選;pickover仔細檢查……以便選出優(yōu)品(或剔除劣品);pickon作弄,挑剔;pickoff摘掉。句意:我們學校有一個女孩,每個人都欺負她,因為她穿的和大家不一樣;大家都討厭她。選項C符合句意。

11.單選題

Manycriticsagreedthatbyandlarge,thismoviewasasuccessintermsofactingandphotography.

問題1選項

A.allatonce

B.byandby

C.tosomeextent

D.onthewhole

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.allatonce突然B.byandby不久以后

C.tosomeextent在一定程度上D.onthewhole總的來說

【考查點】短語辨析

【解題思路】原文byandlarge的意思是“總的來說”,四個選項中與該短語意思最接近的是D選項onthewhole“總的來說”。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項與原文不符。

【句意】許多影評人一致認為,總的來說,這部電影在表演和攝影方面都是成功的。

12.單選題

OrdinarilythesurfaceoftheplanetisnearlyattheboHingpointofwateronEarth,100.2-101°Caccordingtothedatafromtheorbitingsatellite.

問題1選項

A.surfaceoftheplanet

B.nearlyatthe

C.boHingpoint

D.fromtheorbitingsatellite

E.沒有問題

【答案】E

13.單選題

RichardSatava,programmanagerforadvancedmedicaltechnologies,hasbeenadrivingforceinbringingvirtualrealitytomedicine,wherecomputerscreatea“virtual”orsimulatedenvironmentforsurgeonsandothermedicalpractitioners.

“Withvirtualrealitywe’llbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench,”saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.

ThecomputerswouldtransmitimagesofthesoldierstosurgeonsbackintheU.S..Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmetsthatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound.Thedoctorswouldguideroboticinstrumentsinthebattlefieldmobilesurgicalunitthatoperateonthesoldier.

AlthoughSatava’svisionmaybeyearsawayfromstandardoperatingprocedure,scientistsareprogressingtowardvirtualrealitysurgery.EngineersataninternationalorganizationinCaliforniaaredevelopingatele-operatingdevice.Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgery,theymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputer,whichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.Thecomputerprovidesfeedbacktothesurgeononforce,textures,andsound.

Thesetechnologicalwondersmaynotyetbepartofthecommunityhospitalsettingbutincreasinglysomeofthemachineryisfindingitswayintocivilianmedicine.AtWayneStateUniversityMedicalSchool,surgeonLuciaZamoranotakesimagesofthebrainfromcomputerizedscansandusesacomputerprogramtoproducea3-Dimage.Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor.Zamoranoisalsousingtechnologythatattachesaprobetosurgicalinstrumentssothatshecantracktheirpositions.Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrain,shewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery.

Duringtheseprocedures—operationsthataredonethroughsmallcutsinthebodyinwhichaminiaturecameraandsurgicaltoolsaremaneuvered—surgeonsarewearing3-Dglassesforabetterview.Andtheyarecommandingrobotsurgeonstocutawaytissuemoreaccuratelythanhumansurgeonscan.

Satavasays,“Weareinthemidstofafundamentalchangeinthefieldofmedicine.”

1.AccordingtoRichardSatava,theapplicationofvirtualrealitytomedicine____.

2.RichardSatavahasvisionsof____.

3.Howisvirtualrealitysurgeryperformed?

4.Duringvirtualrealityoperations,thesurgeoncanhaveabetterviewofthecutsinthebodybecause____.

5.Virtualrealityoperationsareanimprovementonconventionalsurgeryinthatthey____.

問題1選項

A.willenablesurgeonstobephysicallypresentoneverybattlefield

B.canraisethespiritsofsoldierswoundedonthebattlefield

C.willgreatlyimprovemedicalconditionsonthebattlefield

D.canshortenthetimeforoperationsonsoldierswoundedonthebattlefield

問題2選項

A.usingaremote-controltechniquetotreatwoundedsoldiersfightingoverseas

B.woundedsoldiersbeingsavedbydoctorswearingvirtualrealityhelmetsonthebattlefield

C.woundedsoldiersbeingoperatedonbyspeciallytrainedsurgeons

D.settingupmobilesurgicalunitsoverseas

問題3選項

A.Itisperformedbyacomputer-designedhighprecisiondevice.

B.Surgeonswearvirtualrealityhelmetstoreceivefeedbackprovidedbyacomputer.

C.Surgeonsmoveroboticinstrumentsbymeansofacomputerlinkedtothem.

D.A3-Dimagerecordsthemovementsofthesurgeonsduringtheoperation.

問題4選項

A.heislookingatthecutsonacomputerscreen

B.thecutscanbeexaminedfromdifferentangles

C.thecutshavebeenhighlymagnified

D.heiswearing3-Dglasses

問題5選項

A.causelesspaintothewounded

B.allowthepatienttorecovermorequickly

C.willmakehumansurgeons’worklesstedious

D.aredonebyrobotsurgeonswithgreaterprecision

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

AccordingtoRichardSatava,theapplicationofvirtualrealitytomedicine____.據(jù)理查德?薩塔瓦(RichardSatava)稱,虛擬現(xiàn)實在醫(yī)學上的應(yīng)用____。

A.willenablesurgeonstobephysicallypresentoneverybattlefieldA.將使外科醫(yī)生能夠親自出現(xiàn)在每一個戰(zhàn)場上

B.canraisethespiritsofsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldB.可以讓戰(zhàn)場上受傷的士兵振作起來

C.willgreatlyimprovemedicalconditionsonthebattlefieldC.將大大改善戰(zhàn)場上的醫(yī)療條件

D.canshortenthetimeforoperationsonsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldD.可以縮短戰(zhàn)場上受傷士兵的手術(shù)時間

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段第一句“有了虛擬現(xiàn)實技術(shù),我們就能在每條戰(zhàn)壕里安置一名外科醫(yī)生?!币约暗谌巫詈笠痪洹搬t(yī)生們將引導戰(zhàn)場上機動外科部隊的機器人儀器為士兵動手術(shù)?!笨芍摂M現(xiàn)實可以運用到戰(zhàn)場上去,由此可推斷這將提高戰(zhàn)場上的醫(yī)療水平。因此選C。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“將使外科醫(yī)生能夠親自出現(xiàn)在每一個戰(zhàn)場上”,文中第三段提到“這些電腦將把士兵的圖像傳送給美國的外科醫(yī)生。外科醫(yī)生將通過虛擬現(xiàn)實頭盔觀察士兵”也就是說醫(yī)生們并不是親自出現(xiàn)在戰(zhàn)場上的,而是通過電腦進行操作。該選項意思與原文意思相反,屬于反向干擾;

B選項“可以讓戰(zhàn)場上受傷的士兵振作起來”,文中沒有提及,該選項屬于無中生有;

D選項“可以縮短戰(zhàn)場上受傷士兵的手術(shù)時間”,文中沒有提及,該選項屬于無中生有。

2.【選項釋義】

RichardSatavahasvisionsof____.理查德?薩塔瓦設(shè)想____。

A.usingaremote-controltechniquetotreatwoundedsoldiersfightingoverseasA.使用遠程控制技術(shù)治療在海外作戰(zhàn)的受傷士兵

B.woundedsoldiersbeingsavedbydoctorswearingvirtualrealityhelmetsonthebattlefieldB.在戰(zhàn)場上,戴著虛擬現(xiàn)實頭盔的醫(yī)生拯救受傷士兵的情景

C.woundedsoldiersbeingoperatedonbyspeciallytrainedsurgeonsC.受過專門訓練的外科醫(yī)生為受傷的士兵做手術(shù)

D.settingupmobilesurgicalunitsoverseasD.在海外設(shè)立移動外科單位

【答案】A

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段“他設(shè)想了這樣一個時代:在海外作戰(zhàn)中受傷的士兵被安置在配備了電腦的移動外科病房里?!迸鋫潆娔X也就是指的遠程治療,由此可知他設(shè)想用遠程治療技術(shù)治療海外作戰(zhàn)的士兵。因此選A。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“在戰(zhàn)場上,戴著虛擬現(xiàn)實頭盔的醫(yī)生拯救受傷士兵的情景”,文中第三段提到“外科醫(yī)生將通過虛擬現(xiàn)實頭盔觀察士兵,頭盔上有一個顯示傷口圖像的小屏幕。醫(yī)生們將引導戰(zhàn)場上機動外科部隊的機器人儀器為士兵動手術(shù)?!币簿褪钦f是戴著頭盔的醫(yī)生引導機器人做手術(shù),而不是醫(yī)生本人做手術(shù),該選項屬于張冠李戴;

C選項“受過專門訓練的外科醫(yī)生為受傷的士兵做手術(shù)”,文中提到“醫(yī)生們將引導戰(zhàn)場上機動外科部隊的機器人儀器為士兵動手術(shù)?!币簿褪钦f是機器人做手術(shù)而不是醫(yī)生做手術(shù),該選項屬于張冠李戴;

D選項“在海外設(shè)立移動外科單位”,文中沒有提及,該選項屬于無中生有。

3.【選項釋義】

Howisvirtualrealitysurgeryperformed?虛擬現(xiàn)實手術(shù)是如何進行的?

A.Itisperformedbyacomputer-designedhighprecisiondevice.A.它是由計算機設(shè)計的高精度裝置完成的。

B.Surgeonswearvirtualrealityhelmetstoreceivefeedbackprovidedbyacomputer.B.外科醫(yī)生戴著虛擬現(xiàn)實頭盔接受電腦提供的反饋。

C.Surgeonsmoveroboticinstrumentsbymeansofacomputerlinkedtothem.C.外科醫(yī)生通過與機器人相連的計算機來移動機器人設(shè)備。

D.A3-Dimagerecordsthemovementsofthesurgeonsduringtheoperation.D.3D圖像記錄了外科醫(yī)生在手術(shù)過程中的動作。

【答案】C

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第四段三、四句“當外科醫(yī)生觀看手術(shù)的三維圖像時,他們移動與電腦相連的儀器,然后將他們的動作傳遞給執(zhí)行手術(shù)的機器人儀器?!币簿褪钦f,計算機把圖像傳給醫(yī)生,醫(yī)生通過計算機來引導機器人,因此選C。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“它是由計算機設(shè)計的高精度裝置完成的?!保恼绿峒艾F(xiàn)實虛擬手術(shù)是由外科醫(yī)生進行遠程控制進行手術(shù),該選項是對虛擬現(xiàn)實手術(shù)的片面概括,屬于以偏概全;

B選項“外科醫(yī)生戴著虛擬現(xiàn)實頭盔接受電腦提供的反饋?!保撌中g(shù)不僅僅是外科醫(yī)生接受反饋,而且他們操作機器人進行,因此該選項是對虛擬現(xiàn)實手術(shù)的片面概括,屬于以偏概全;

D選項“3D圖像記錄了外科醫(yī)生在手術(shù)過程中的動作”,文中倒數(shù)第三段提到“外科醫(yī)生露西亞?薩莫拉諾通過計算機掃描獲取大腦圖像,并使用計算機程序生成3D圖像?!笨芍?D圖像記錄的是傷口而不是手術(shù)中醫(yī)生的動作,該選項屬于曲解原文。

4.【選項釋義】

Duringvirtualrealityoperations,thesurgeoncanhaveabetterviewofthecutsinthebodybecause____.在虛擬現(xiàn)實手術(shù)中,醫(yī)生可以更好地看到身體上的傷口,因為____。

A.heislookingatthecutsonacomputerscreenA.他正在看電腦屏幕上的傷口

B.thecutscanbeexaminedfromdifferentanglesB.這些切口可以從不同的角度檢查

C.thecutshavebeenhighlymagnifiedC.因為傷口被高度放大了

D.heiswearing3-DglassesD.他戴著3D眼鏡

【答案】D

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段“在這些手術(shù)過程中,外科醫(yī)生會戴上3D眼鏡以獲得更好的視野?!币虼诉xD。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“他正在看電腦屏幕上的傷口”,這并不是更好地看到身體傷口的原因,該選項屬于過度推斷;

B選項“這些切口可以從不同的角度檢查”,文章提到“戴上3D眼鏡以獲得更好的視野”但并沒有說可以從不同的角度進行檢查,該選項屬于過度推斷;

C選項“因為傷口被高度放大了”,文章提到“戴上3D眼鏡以獲得更好的視野”,但并沒有說傷口被放大,該選項屬于過度推斷。

5.【選項釋義】

Virtualrealityoperationsareanimprovementonconventionalsurgeryinthatthey____.虛擬現(xiàn)實手術(shù)是傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)的改進,因為它們____。

A.causelesspaintothewoundedA.減少了受傷人員的疼痛

B.allowthepatienttorecovermorequicklyB.可以讓病人更快地恢復

C.willmakehumansurgeons’worklesstediousC.將使人類外科醫(yī)生的工作不那么乏味

D.aredonebyrobotsurgeonswithgreaterprecisionD.是由機器人外科醫(yī)生以更高的精確度完成的

【答案】D

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到倒數(shù)第四段“當外科醫(yī)生觀看手術(shù)的三維圖像時,他們移動與電腦相連的儀器,然后將他們的動作傳遞給執(zhí)行手術(shù)的機器人儀器。計算機向外科醫(yī)生提供力量、紋理和聲音方面的反饋?!币约拔恼碌箶?shù)第二段“他們命令機器人外科醫(yī)生比人類外科醫(yī)生更精確地切除組織?!庇纱丝赏茢啵摂M現(xiàn)實手術(shù)是由機器人進行的更精確的手術(shù)。因此選D。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“減少了受傷人員的疼痛”,文章沒有提及,該選項屬于無中生有;

B選項“可以讓病人更快地恢復”,文章沒有提及,該選項屬于無中生有;

C選項“將使人類外科醫(yī)生的工作不那么乏味”,文章沒有提及,該選項屬于無中生有。

14.單選題

問題1選項

A.Cough.

B.Headache

C.Diarrhea.

D.Fever.

【答案】D

【解析】5.M:Goodafternoon.Haveaseat.Sowhathaveyoucomeinfortoday?

W:Thankyou.I’mfeelingill.I’vegotquiteabadcough.Idon’tseemtohaveafever.I’vealsogotaheadacheandalittlebitofdiarrhea.

Q:Whichofthefollowingisnotasymptomthatthewomanhas?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干為:以下哪項不是這位女士的癥狀?由文中“I’vegotquiteabadcough.Idon’tseemtohaveafever.I’vealsogotaheadacheandalittlebitofdiarrhea.(我咳嗽得很厲害。但我好像沒有發(fā)燒。我有點頭疼,還有點腹瀉。)”,可知D選項“fever(發(fā)燒)”不是女士的癥狀,符合題意。A選項“咳嗽”;B選項“頭疼”;C選項“腹瀉”是女士的癥狀,不符合題意。

15.單選題

WhenBartleyHubbardwenttointerviewSilasLaphamforthe“SolidMenofBoston”series,whichheundertooktofinishupinTheEvents,afterhereplacedtheoriginatoroftheprojectonthatnewspaper,Laphamreceivedhiminhisprivateofficebypreviousappointment.

“Walkrightin!”hecalledouttothejournalist,whomhecaughtsightofthroughthedoorofthecountingroom.

Hedidnotrisefromthedeskatwhichhewaswriting,buthegaveBartleyhislefthandforwelcome,andherolledhislargeheadinthedirectionofavacantchair.“Sitdown!I’llbewithyouinjusthalfaminute.”

“Takeyourtime,”saidBartley,withtheeaseheinstantlyfelt.“I’minnohurry.”Hetookanote-bookfromhispocket,laiditonhisknee,andbegantosharpenapencil.

“There!”Laphampoundedwithhisgreathairyfistontheenvelopehehadbeenaddressing.“William!”hecalledout,andhehandedthelettertoaboywhocametogetit.Iwantthattogorightaway.Well,sir,”hecontinued,wheelingroundinhisleather-cushionedswivelchair,andfacingBartley,seatedsonearthattheirkneesalmosttouched,“soyouwantmylife,death,andChristiansufferings,doyou,youngman?”

“That’swhatI’mafter,”saidBartley.“Yourmoneyoryourlife.”

“Iguessyouwouldn’twantmylifewithoutthemoney,”saidLapham,asifhewerewillingtoprolongthesemomentsofpreparation.

“Takethemboth,”Bartleysuggested,“Don’twantyourmoneywithoutyourlife,ifyoucometothat.Butyou’rejustonemilliontimesmoreinterestingtothepublicthanifyouhadn’tadollar;andyouknowthataswellasIdo;Mr.Lapham.There’snousebeatingaroundthebush.”

“No,”saidLapham,somewhatabsently.Heputouthishugefootandpushedtheground-glassdoorshutbetweenhislittledenandthebook-keepers,intheirlargerdenoutside.

“InpersonalappearancewroteBartleyinthesketchforwhichhenowstudiedhissubject,whilehewaitedpatientlyforhimtocontinue,“SilasLaphamisafinetypeofthesuccessfulAmerican.Hehasasquare,boldchin,onlypartiallyconcealedbytheshortreddish-greybeard,growingtotheedgesofhisfirmlyclosinglips.Hisnoseisshortandstraight;hisforeheadgood,butbroadratherthanhigh;hiseyesblue,andwithalightinthemthatiskindlyorsharpaccordingtohismood.Heisofmediumheight,andfillsanaveragearm-chairwithasolidbulk,whichonthedayofourinterviewwasunpretentiouslycladinabusinesssuitofblueserge.Hisheaddroopssomewhatfromashortneck,whichdoesnottroubleitselftorisefarfromapairofmassiveshoulders.”

“Idon’tknowasIknowjustwhereyouwantmetobegin,”saidLapham.

“Mightbeginwithyourbirth;that’swheremostofusbegin,”repliedBartley.

AgleamofhumorousappreciationshotintoLapham’sblueeyes.

“Ididn’tknowwhetheryouwantedmetogoquitesofarbackasthat,”hesaid.“Butthere’snodisgraceinhavingbeenborn,andI.wasbornintheStateofVermont,prettywellupundertheCanadaline—sowellup,infactIcameverynearbeinganadoptivecitizen;forIwasboundtobeanAmericanofsomesort,fromthewordGo!Thatwasabout—well,letmesee!—prettynearsixtyyearsago;thisis75,andthatwas20.Well,sayI’mfifty-fiveyearsold;andIhavelived’em,too;notanhourofwastetimeaboutme,anywhere!Iwasbornonafarm,and—”

“Workedinthefieldssummersandwenttoschoolwinters:regulationthing?”Bartleycutin.

“Regulationthing,”saidLapham,acceptingthisirreverentversionofhishistorysomewhatdryly.

“Parentspoor,ofcourse,”suggestedthejournalist.“Anybarefootbusiness?Earlydeprivationofanykind,thatwouldencouragetheyouthfulreadertogoanddolikewise?Orphanmyself,youknow,”saidBartley,withasmileofcynicalgood-comradery.

Laphamlookedathimsilently,andthensaidwithquietself-respect,“Iguessifyouseethesethingsasajoke,mylifewon’tinterestyou.”

“Ohyes,itwill,”returnedBartley,unabashed.“You’llsee;it’llcomeoutallright.”Andinfactitdidso,intheinterviewwhichBartleyprinted.

“Mr.Lapham”hewrote,“passedrapidlyoverthestoryofhisearlylife,itspovertyanditshardships,sweetened,however,bytherecollectionsofadevotedmother,andafatherwho,ifsomewhatherinferiorineducation,wasnolessambitiousfortheadvancementofhischildren.Theywerequiet,unpretentiouspeople,religious,afterthefashionofthattime,andofsterlingmorality,andtheytaughttheirchildrenthesimplevirtuesoftheOldTestamentandPoorRichard’sAlmanac.”

Bartleycouldnotdenyhimselfthisgibe;buthetrustedtoLapham’sunliteraryhabitofmindforhissecurityinmakingit,andmostotherpeoplewouldconsideritsincerereporter’srhetoric.

1ThenarratorincludesthefactthatLaphammetBartley“inhisprivateofficebypreviousappointment”tosuggestthatLapham______.

2.Lapham’sreactiontoBartley’sarrivalinhisofficecanbestbedescribedas______.

3.BartleyinformsLaphamthatheisanorphanhimselfforallthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT:______.

4.AccordingtoBartley’ssketchofLapham,Silascreditshisparentswith______.

5.Throughoutthepassage,Bartley’sattitudetowardLaphamcanbestbedescribedasoneof______.

問題1選項

A.managedtosqueezeBarleyintoabusyscheduleofappointments

B.hashiredanofficestafftoattendtothedetailsofthebusiness

C.wishestoenhancehisimageandstatus

D.knowsthat

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