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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東水利職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題
Nobodylikestaxes.
Nowthat’safairlysafestatementtomake.IknowIdon’t.OneofthereasonsImovedbacktotheUSfromCanada,isthatAmericanspayfarfewertaxesthanCanadiansdo.Infact,itseemstobepartoftheAmericandreamtoavoidpayinganytaxes.Wedon’twanttopaythemontheInternet.Manystatesdon’twanttheircitizenstopaystatetaxes.Andahugefederalincometaxcutwasjustpushedthrough.
Andnodoubttherearestillpeoplewhothinkwepaytoomanytaxes.ButthepeopleofBraintree,Massachusetts,mightbethinkingdifferently.Braintreehasaproblem.NotonceinthepasttwodecadesdidthetownpassresolutionsthatignoredProposition2.5—thelawthatsaysthetowngovernmentcannotraiseeachyear’staxlevymorethan2.5percentabovethepreviousyear’scharges.Nordidtheyfloatanybondstopayfordebt.Braintreeisalsoafairlybustlingcommercialtown.WhichmeanthatresidenttaxrateswereamongthelowestintheBostonarea.
Butthere’soneproblem.Braintreeis,well,fallingapart.Especiallyitsschools.Whileeverybodywaspattinghimselforherselfonthebackforkeepingtaxesdown,school,roads,bridgesandthelikeweregrowingolderandweren’treceivingtheattentiontheyneeded.Buteveniftheydidgettheattention,notmuchcouldbedonebecausetherewasn’tenoughmoneyinthetown’skittytopayforneededrepair.Butasmymotherwouldsay,onecanonlyignoretheelephantinthelivingroomforsolong.Andnowit’stimetopayup.Theschooldepartmentwants$100milliontofixtheschools.Millionsmorewillbeneededforroadrepairsandfixingthetown’sworseningwaterandsewerlines.
Boy,ohboy,peoplearegoingtohaveSOMEkindoftaxbillinBraintreethisyear.Andprobablyforthenextfewyearsaswell.Anddon’tforget,thissituationaffectsmorethanjustthetown’sinfrastructure.Realestatepriceswillsufferaswell.Whowantstomovetoatownwithfallingschools,badroads,andquestionablewater?
Thereisalessoninallthis—notpayingenoughtaxisjustasbadaspayingtoomuchtax.TherearesomepeopleintheUSwhopointoutthatalltaxmoneyshouldbegivenbacktoindividuals,notthevariousbranchesofgovernment.It’sourmoney,theycry.Inoneway,agreewiththem,itisourmoney.Butthefacttheyconvenientlyforget—orignore—isthatthemoneythegovernmentkeepsis“our”moneyaswell.That’sbecauseitpaysforOURschools,OURroads,OURmilitary,OURcommunitiesinneedofhelpaftereventslikefloodsorotherdisasters.
1.InwhatwaymightpeopleofBraintreethinkdifferentaboutpayingtaxes?
2.WhatmakestheauthorcometotheconclusionthatpeopleinBraintreepaythelowesttaxratesintheBostonareaisthefactthat________.
3.WhatistheallegedproblemthatfacesBraintreeatpresent?
4.Whentheauthorquotesfromhismotherthat“onecanonlyignoretheelephantinthelivingroomforsolong”(thefourthparagraph),hemeansthat________.
5.Withregardtopayingtaxes,theauthorisactuallysayingthat________.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Theythinkthegovernment’staxcutplanisimpracticable.
B.Theythinktheyhavebeenpayingtoomanytaxes.
C.Theythinkthetowngovernmentmisusethetaxestheyhavepaid.
D.Theythinkpayingenoughtaxesisnecessarytokeepingthingsgoing.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.thetownhasneverchangeditstaxationlawinthelast20years
B.thetownhasbeenafast-developingone
C.thetownhasneverfloatedbondstopayitsdebtinthelast20years
D.manymoreschools,roadsandthelikehavebeenbuiltrecently
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Nooneiswillingtopayanytaxes.
B.Notenoughattentionispaidtoeducations.
C.Thetownnothaveenoughmoneytoexpanditsinfrastructure.
D.Thetowndoesnotcollectenoughtaxestokeepitselfingoodshape.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.onehastotastethebitterresultifheisblindtoaproblem
B.keepingeverythingingoodorderistooheavyaburdenforasmalltown
C.oneshouldneverkeepanelephantinhislivingroomforlong
D.smalltownshouldnotlevytooheavyataxagainstpeople’swill
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.payingenoughtaxesisthecitizen’sobligation
B.hedoesnotliketaxesandwouldavoidthemifhecould
C.thegovernmentshouldnotabusethetaxes
D.thegovernmentshouldnotlevytooheavyatax
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:D
第4題:A
第5題:A
【解析】1.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一、二句Andnodoubttherearestillpeoplewhothinkwepaytoomanytaxes.ButthepeopleofBraintree,Massachusetts,mightbethinkingdifferently.(毫無疑問,仍然有人認(rèn)為我們納稅太多。但是馬薩諸塞州布倫特里人可能想法不同。)和第四段第一、二句Butthere’soneproblem.Braintreeis,well,fallingapart.(但有一個(gè)問題。布倫特里正在分崩離析。),可知布倫特里人不認(rèn)為他們納稅過多,相反因?yàn)榧{稅過少導(dǎo)致問題出現(xiàn),D選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為付足夠的稅是維持生活的必要條件”正確;B選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為他們已經(jīng)納稅太多”不符合文章內(nèi)容,屬于反向干擾。A選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為政府的減稅計(jì)劃行不通”和C選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為市政府濫用他們繳納的稅款”:文中沒有提到政府減稅和政府濫用稅款,屬于無中生有。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
2.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第三句Nordidtheyfloatanybondstopayfordebt.(他們也沒有發(fā)行任何債券來償還債務(wù)。),可知C選項(xiàng)“在過去的20年里,這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)從未發(fā)行過債券來償還債務(wù)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在過去的20年里,這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)從未改變過稅法”:根據(jù)第三段第四句NotonceinthepasttwodecadesdidthetownpassresolutionsthatignoredProposition2.5(在過去的20年里,該鎮(zhèn)從未通過無視2.5號(hào)提案的決議),沒有提到關(guān)于納稅的所有法規(guī)都沒有通過,只是關(guān)于其中一項(xiàng)沒有改變,屬于曲解原文。B選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展很快”:根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Braintreeisalsoafairlybustlingcommercialtown.(布倫特里還是一個(gè)相當(dāng)繁華的商業(yè)小鎮(zhèn)。),但這不等同于小鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展速度很快,屬于曲解原文。D選項(xiàng)“最近修建了更多的學(xué)校、道路和類似的東西”:根據(jù)第四段第四句school,roads,bridgesandthelikeweregrowingolderandweren’treceivingtheattentiontheyneeded(學(xué)校、道路、橋梁等設(shè)施的年久失修,并沒有得到應(yīng)有的關(guān)注),可知不符合文章內(nèi)容,屬于反向干擾。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
3.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第四、五句school,roads,bridgesandthelikeweregrowingolderandweren’treceivingtheattentiontheyneeded.Buteveniftheydidgettheattention,notmuchcouldbedonebecausetherewasn’tenoughmoneyinthetown’skittytopayforneededrepair.(學(xué)校、道路、橋梁等設(shè)施的年久失修,并沒有得到應(yīng)有的關(guān)注。但即使人們注意到了,也做不了什么,因?yàn)殒?zhèn)上沒有足夠的錢來支付必要的維修費(fèi)用。),可知問題的根源在于沒有錢,而這是因?yàn)檎鞫惒蛔?,D選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)沒有征收足夠的稅來保持良好發(fā)展”正確;不修繕學(xué)校不是因?yàn)椴恢匾暯逃侨鄙儋Y金,B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)教育不夠重視”屬于曲解原文;這里提到的不是擴(kuò)大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,只是對(duì)其進(jìn)行維修,C選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)沒有足夠的錢來擴(kuò)大它的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”屬于曲解原文。A選項(xiàng)“沒有人愿意交稅”:根據(jù)第五段Boy,ohboy,peoplearegoingtohaveSOMEkindoftaxbillinBraintreethisyear…Whowantstomovetoatownwithfallingschools,badroads,andquestionablewater?(天啊,天啊,今年在布倫特里的人們要交某種稅了……誰愿意搬到一個(gè)學(xué)校破敗、道路糟糕、水源問題叢生的小鎮(zhèn)?),這里暗指人們?cè)敢饨欢?,不符合文章?nèi)容,屬于反向干擾。
因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
4.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第六、七句Butasmymotherwouldsay,onecanonlyignoretheelephantinthelivingroomforsolong.Andnowit’stimetopayup.(就像我媽媽常說的,人們只能忽視客廳里的大象這么久了?,F(xiàn)在是時(shí)候付錢了。),客廳里的大象是非常明顯的現(xiàn)象,指的是納稅不足導(dǎo)致的各種問題,而這個(gè)問題如果不解決,遲早有一天會(huì)嚴(yán)重到不得不解決的獨(dú)步,A選項(xiàng)“如果一個(gè)人對(duì)問題視而不見,就會(huì)嘗到苦果”正確;C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人不應(yīng)該把大象長時(shí)間放在客廳里”僅僅解釋了字面意思,沒有解釋內(nèi)涵,屬于偷換概念;這里表達(dá)的意思是需要增稅,D選項(xiàng)“小鎮(zhèn)不應(yīng)該征收違背人們意愿的重稅”屬于反向干擾。B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)于一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)來說,保持一切井井有條負(fù)擔(dān)太沉重”:文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
5.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者在第一、二段闡述不想納稅的觀點(diǎn),隨后舉出布倫特因?yàn)榧{稅不夠而導(dǎo)致問題的例子,在最后一段總結(jié)征稅過多和過少都會(huì)導(dǎo)致問題,并且強(qiáng)調(diào)政府的錢最后用于公民的生活,A選項(xiàng)“繳納足夠的稅款是公民的義務(wù)”正確;D選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)征稅過重”文中有提到,但是不是重點(diǎn),屬于曲解原文。B選項(xiàng)“他不喜歡稅收,如果可能,他會(huì)盡量避免”:作者在開頭提出不喜歡征稅的觀點(diǎn)是為了吸引讀者注意和欲揚(yáng)先抑,這不是作者想要表達(dá)的核心觀點(diǎn),屬于反向干擾。C選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)濫用稅收”:文中沒有提到政府濫用稅收,屬于無中生有。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
2.單選題
Thenumberofcopiesthepaperseilsseemstobein()proportiontotheamountofnewsitcontains.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.diverse
B.inverse
C.reverse
D.averse
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。inreverse“相反”,本句意為“這份報(bào)紙的發(fā)行量似乎與它所包含的新聞量成反比”,這句話想要表達(dá)的是報(bào)紙發(fā)行量太少,inreverse表達(dá)“相反”的意思使得句子邏輯成立。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。
3.單選題
Heisnotaverycrediblelecturer.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.well-known
B.religious
C.ordinary
D.believable
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。credible表示“可靠的;可信的”;A選項(xiàng)為“著名的;眾所周知的”;B選項(xiàng)為“宗教的,嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)摹保籆選項(xiàng)為“普通的;一般的”;D選項(xiàng)為“可信的”。根據(jù)句意可知,他不是一個(gè)可信的演講者。因此,D項(xiàng)為正確答案。
4.翻譯題
現(xiàn)在越來越盛行送十幾歲的小孩子到國外留學(xué),人數(shù)在急劇增加。他們的家長對(duì)國外的教育抱有不切實(shí)際的幻想。外國院校舉辦的教育展覽把國外的學(xué)校說的天花亂墜,使他們聽了介紹之后便心動(dòng)變?yōu)樾袆?dòng)。
可是,把小孩子送到國外學(xué)習(xí)并不一定帶來好的結(jié)果。許多學(xué)生缺乏適應(yīng)性和靈活性,他們很難融入到國外新的環(huán)境,由于在文化上難以適應(yīng),即缺乏在國外陌生環(huán)境下生存的能力,他們往往會(huì)受到所謂“文化震蕩”的沖擊。缺乏必要的觀察能力,使他們難以理解東道主國家人民的行為表現(xiàn),他們也就無法與當(dāng)?shù)厝舜虺梢黄狈m應(yīng)性以及交流和交往能力必然會(huì)使自己感到孤立。
感到孤獨(dú)和生活上不能自理,他們會(huì)經(jīng)常想家和情緒低落。更重要的是,由于他們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)上沒有打好堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ),不能適應(yīng)外語環(huán)境下的學(xué)習(xí),由于他們?nèi)狈Κ?dú)立學(xué)習(xí)的能力,所以就不可能取得所期望的進(jìn)步。
于是,許多人便不得不半途而廢,放棄來之不易的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)。因此,過早地送小孩子到國外學(xué)習(xí)不一定是件好事情。
如果想要孩子到國外去見見世面,可以讓他們集體參加短期的國外游學(xué)項(xiàng)目,住在外國人的家里,參加暑期班的學(xué)習(xí),在所在地開展一些旅游活動(dòng),但這些團(tuán)組必須有專門的老師陪同,提供全程性的指導(dǎo)和幫助。
【答案】Thereisagrowingtrendofsendingteenagestudentsabroadtostudy—thenumberhasbeenincreasingdramatically.Theirparentshaveunrealisticillusionsaboutforeigneducation.Attractedbytheeducationalexhibitionspresentedbyforeignuniversitiesandcollegeswhichpaintmanyrosypicturesandtellmanyglowtales,theyarepromptedintoaction.
However,sendingchildrentostudyabroaddoesn’tnecessarilyproducegoodoutcomes.Manyyoungstudentslackadaptabilityandflexibility.Theyfindithardtoadaptthemselvestonewenvironmentinforeigncountries.Becauseofthelackofculturaltoughness——theabilitytoliveinanalienculture,theyusuallysufferfromtheso-called“culturalshock”.Withoutadequateperceptualability—theabilitytounderstandwhythehost-countrypeoplebehaveastheydo,theyfinditdifficulttoempathizewiththem.Andduetothelackofself-orientation,theabilitytocommunicateandinteracteffectivelywithhost-countrynationals,theytendtofindthemselvesisolated.
Feelinglonelyandbeingunabletotakecareofthemselvesmakethemhomesickanddowninspirits.Andmoreimportantly,becausetheseyoungstudentsdon'thaveasoundacademicfoundationandtheabilitytopursuestudyinaforeignlanguage,theydon'tknowhowtoworkindependentlyandoftenfailtomaketheprogresstheydesire.
Therefore,manystudentshavetogiveuptheirhard-earnedlearningopportunityhalfway.Hence,sendingchildrentostudyabroadwhentheyarestillyoungisnotnecessarilyagoodthing.
Ifparentswanttobroadenthevisionoftheirchildren,itisadvisabletosendthemabroadingroupsforshorthome-staystudyprograms.Theycanlivewithahostfamily,attendasummerschool,andjoininexcursionsinandaroundthehostcity.Butthesegroupsmustbeaccompaniedbyadesignatedteacherwhocanprovideorientation,guidanceandassistanceallthe
5.單選題
ThechangeingloballyaveragedtemperaturethathaveoccurredatthattheEarth’ssurfaceoverthepastcenturyaresimilarinsizeandtimingtothose(1)bymodelstakeintoaccountthecombinedinfluencesofhumanfactorsandsolarvariability.
To(2)thequestionofattributionrequiresthe(3)ofmorepowerfulandcomplexmethods,beyondtheuseofglobalaveragesalone.Newstudieshavefocusedon(4)mapsorpatternsoftemperaturechangein(5)andinmodels.Patternanalysisistheclimatologicallyequivalentofthemorecomprehensivetestsinthemedicalanalogymentioned(6),andmakesitpossibletoachievemoredefinitive(7)ofobservedclimatechangedtoaparticularcauseorcauses.
TheexpectedinfluenceofhumanactivitiesisthoughttobemuchmorecomplexthanuniformwarmingovertheentiresurfaceoftheEarthandoverthewhole(8)cycle.Patternsofchangeoverspaceandtimethereforeprovideamorepowerful(9)technique.Thebasicidea(10)pattern-basedapproachesisthatdifferent(11)causesofclimatechangehavedifferentcharacteristicpatternsofclimateresponseorfingerprints.Attributionstudiesseekto(12)afingerprintmatchbetweenthepatternsofclimatechange(13)bymodelsandthoseactuallyobserved.
Themostrecentassessmentofthesciencesuggeststhathumanactivitieshaveledtoadiscernible(14)onglobalclimateandthattheseactivitieswillhaveandincreasinginfluenceonfutureclimate.Theburningofcoal,oilandnaturalgas,aswellasvariousagriculturalandindustrialpractices,are(15)thecompositionoftheatmosphereandcontributingtoclimatechange.Thesehumanactivitieshaveledtoincreasedatmospheric(16)ofanumberofgreenhousegases,includingcarbondioxide,methaneandsoonintheloweratmosphere.
Humanactivities,suchastheburningoffossil,havealsoincreasedthe(17)ofsmallparticlesintheatmosphere.Theseparticlescanchangethe(18)ofenergythatisabsorbedandreflectedbytheatmosphere.Theyarealsobelievedtomodifythe(19)ofairandclouds,changingtheamountofenergythattheyabsorbandreflect.Intensivestudiesoftheclimateeffectsoftheseparticlesbeganonlyrecentlyandtheoverall(20)isuncertain.Itislikelythattheneteffectofthesesmallparticlesistocooltheclimateandtopartiallyoffsetthewarmingofincreasingconcentrationsofgreenhousegases.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.incensed
B.personify
C.interact
D.predicted
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.array
B.ascertain
C.probe
D.perturb
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.application
B.integration
C.avenge
D.intervene
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.conforming
B.comparing
C.biding
D.budgeting
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.junctions
B.junctures
C.obligations
D.observations
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.optionally
B.ornamentally
C.previously
D.predicatively
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.attribution
B.autonomy
C.indication
D.induction
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.immune
B.seasonal
C.formidable
D.perceptible
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.analysis
B.disposal
C.antigen
D.disincentive
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.avenging
B.underestimating
C.ascending
D.underlying
問題11選項(xiàng)
A.potential
B.respectable
C.secretive
D.sturdy
問題12選項(xiàng)
A.weary
B.obtain
C.wink
D.retard
問題13選項(xiàng)
A.oriented
B.kenned
C.predicted
D.lapsed
問題14選項(xiàng)
A.modification
B.nomination
C.penetration
D.influence
問題15選項(xiàng)
A.paving
B.altering
C.retreating
D.saluting
問題16選項(xiàng)
A.stabilities
B.popularities
C.concentrations
D.hierarchies
問題17選項(xiàng)
A.abundance
B.hemisphere
C.fixture
D.distress
問題18選項(xiàng)
A.burial
B.argumentation
C.legislation
D.amount
問題19選項(xiàng)
A.disposals
B.properties
C.certainties
D.blends
問題20選項(xiàng)
A.calculation
B.assignment
C.budget
D.effect
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:D
第6題:C
第7題:A
第8題:B
第9題:A
第10題:D
第11題:A
第12題:B
第13題:C
第14題:D
第15題:B
第16題:C
第17題:A
第18題:D
第19題:B
第20題:D
【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)incensed“激怒”;B選項(xiàng)personify“擬人化”;C選項(xiàng)interact“互相影響”;D選項(xiàng)predicted“預(yù)測”。句意:地球表面發(fā)生的全球平均溫度的變化在大小和時(shí)間上與模型預(yù)測的相似。本句表示模型預(yù)測了地球表面溫度的變化。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
2.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)array“排列”;B選項(xiàng)ascertain“確定”;C選項(xiàng)probe“調(diào)查”;D選項(xiàng)perturb“擾亂”。此處的意思是調(diào)查問題的原因。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
3.考查上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)application“應(yīng)用”;B選項(xiàng)integration“集成”;C選項(xiàng)avenge“報(bào)仇”;D選項(xiàng)intervene“干涉”。此處的意思是運(yùn)用更強(qiáng)大更復(fù)雜的方法來調(diào)查原因。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
4.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)conforming“符合”;B選項(xiàng)comparing“比較”;C選項(xiàng)biding“忍耐”;D選項(xiàng)budgeting“編制預(yù)算”。句意:新的研究集中于比較溫度變化圖和溫度變化模式。本句表示將變化圖和變化模式兩者進(jìn)行比較。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
5.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)junctions“接合點(diǎn)”;B選項(xiàng)junctures“接縫”;C選項(xiàng)obligations“義務(wù)”;D選項(xiàng)observations“觀察”。句意:觀察到的和模型中的溫度變化模式。本句表示觀察到的溫度變化和模型中的溫度變化兩方面。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
6.考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)optionally“隨意地”;B選項(xiàng)ornamentally“裝飾地”;C選項(xiàng)previously“以前”;D選項(xiàng)predicatively“肯定地”。此處是指之前提到過的。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
7.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)attribution“歸因”;B選項(xiàng)autonomy“自治”;C選項(xiàng)indication“指示”;D選項(xiàng)induction“歸納”。此處的意思是將觀測到的氣候變化歸因于一個(gè)或多個(gè)特定的原因。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
8.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)immune“免疫的”;B選項(xiàng)seasonal“季節(jié)的”;C選項(xiàng)formidable“強(qiáng)大的”;D選項(xiàng)perceptible“可感知的”。此處的意思是整個(gè)季節(jié)周期性的均勻變暖。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
9.考查上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)analysis“分析”;B選項(xiàng)disposal“處理”;C選項(xiàng)antigen“抗原”;D選項(xiàng)disincentive“抑制因素”。此處的意思是空間和時(shí)間的變化模式提供了一種更強(qiáng)大的分析技術(shù)。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
10考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)avenging“報(bào)仇”;B選項(xiàng)underestimating“低估”;C選項(xiàng)ascending“上升”;D選項(xiàng)underlying“成為……的基礎(chǔ)”。此處的意思是構(gòu)成這些方法的基礎(chǔ)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
11.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)potential“潛在的”;B選項(xiàng)respectable“值得尊敬的”;C選項(xiàng)secretive“秘密的”;D選項(xiàng)sturdy“堅(jiān)定的”。此處的意思是不同的氣候變化潛在原因。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
12.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)weary“使疲倦”;B選項(xiàng)obtain“獲得”;C選項(xiàng)wink“眨眼”;D選項(xiàng)retard“延遲”。此處的意思是試圖獲得模型預(yù)測的變化和實(shí)際觀測到的氣候變化模式之間的指紋匹配。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
13.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)oriented“面向”;B選項(xiàng)kenned“知道”;C選項(xiàng)predicted“預(yù)測”;D選項(xiàng)lapsed“退步”。此處的意思是模型預(yù)測到的變化。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
14.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)modification“修改”;B選項(xiàng)nomination“提名”;C選項(xiàng)penetration“滲透”;D選項(xiàng)influence“影響”。此處的意思是人類活動(dòng)對(duì)全球氣候產(chǎn)生了明顯的影響,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中能和on搭配的只有influence。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
15.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)paving“鋪設(shè)”;B選項(xiàng)altering“變更”;C選項(xiàng)retreating“撤退”;D選項(xiàng)saluting“致敬”。此處的意思是煤炭、石油和天然氣的燃燒,以及各種農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)活動(dòng),正在改變大氣的組成。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
16.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)stabilities“穩(wěn)定性”;B選項(xiàng)popularities“流行”;C選項(xiàng)concentrations“濃度”;D選項(xiàng)hierarchies“階層”。此處的意思是人類活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致大氣中大量溫室氣體的濃度增加。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
17.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)abundance“豐富”;B選項(xiàng)hemisphere“半球”;C選項(xiàng)fixture“設(shè)備”;D選項(xiàng)distress“悲痛”。句意:人類活動(dòng)增加了大氣中微粒的數(shù)量。也就是說人類活動(dòng)讓大氣中微粒的含量更豐富了。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
18.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)burial“埋葬”;B選項(xiàng)argumentation“論證”;C選項(xiàng)legislation“立法”;D選項(xiàng)amount“數(shù)量”。此處的意思是這些粒子可以改變大氣吸收和反射的能量,同時(shí)下文中也出現(xiàn)了theamountofenergy。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
19.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)disposals“處置”;B選項(xiàng)properties“性質(zhì)”;C選項(xiàng)certainties“必然”;D選項(xiàng)blends“混合物”。此處的意思是這些微粒也可以改變大氣層和云層的性質(zhì)。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
20.考查前后文照應(yīng)。A選項(xiàng)calculation“計(jì)算”;B選項(xiàng)assignment“任務(wù)”;C選項(xiàng)budget“預(yù)算”;D選項(xiàng)effect“影響”。前文提到“Intensivestudiesoftheclimateeffectsoftheseparticlesbeganonlyrecently”(對(duì)這些微粒對(duì)氣候影響的深入研究直到最近才開始),所以應(yīng)該是說微粒對(duì)氣候變化的整體影響還不確定。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
6.翻譯題
Loveisofthreevarieties:unselfish,mutualandordinaryorselfish.Unselfishloveisofthehighestkind.Here,theonewholovesseeksonlythewelfareofthebelovedanddoesnotcarewhetherhesufferspainsandhardshipsthereby.Thesecondkindofloveismutualloveinwhichtheonewholovesdesiresnotonlythehappinessofhisbeloved,buthasaneyetohisownhappinessalso.Selfishloveisthelowest.Itmakesamancareonlyforhisownhappinesswithouthavinganyregardforthefeelingofthebeloved.
TranslatethefollowingshortparagraphsintoChinese
【答案】愛分為三種:無私的,相互的,平凡或自私的。無私的愛境界最高。在這種愛里,愛人只希望被愛的人幸福并且不在意自己是否會(huì)經(jīng)受痛苦和磨難。第二種是相互的愛,在這種愛里,愛人不僅渴望自己被愛的人獲得幸福,并且希望自己也能快樂。自私的愛是最低級(jí)的一種愛。這種愛讓人只關(guān)注自己的幸福,而不會(huì)關(guān)心被愛人的感受。
7.單選題
Itisdifficultto()thisgoalifyouworkhardcontinuously.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.attributeto
B.audit
C.bare
D.attain
【答案】D
【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:即使你一直努力工作,也很難這個(gè)目標(biāo)。attributeto歸因于;audit稽查,審計(jì);bare揭開;脫掉(衣服);attain獲得,達(dá)到。因此,D項(xiàng)符合句意。
8.單選題
Accordingtoasurvey,whichwasbasedontheresponsesofover188,000students,today’straditional-agecollegefreshmenare“morematerialisticandlessaltruistic(利他主義的)”thanatanytimeinthe17yearsofthepoll.
Notsurprisinginthesehardtimes,thestudent’smajorobjective“istobefinanciallywelloff.Lessimportantthaneverisdevelopingameaningfulphilosophyoflife”.Itfollowsthenthattodaythemostpopularcourseisnotliteratureorhistorybutaccounting.
Interestinteaching,socialserviceandthe“altruistic”fieldsisatalow.Ontheotherhand,enrollmentinbusinessprograms,engineeringandcomputerscienceiswayup.
That’snosurpriseeither.Afriendofmine(asalesrepresentativeforachemicalcompany)wasmakingtwicethesalaryofhercollegeinstructorsherfirstyearonthejob—evenbeforeshecompletedhertwo-yearassociatedegree.
Whileit’struethatweallneedacareer,itisequallytruethatourcivilizationhasaccumulatedanincredibleamountofknowledgeinfieldsfarremovedfromourownandthatwearebetterforourunderstandingoftheseothercontributions—betheyscientificorartistic.Itisequallytruethat,instudyingthediversewisdomofothers,welearnhowtothink.Moreimportant,perhaps,educationteachesustoseetheconnectionsbetweenthings,aswellastoseebeyondourimmediateneeds.
Weeklywereadofunionswhowentonstrikeforhigherwages,onlytodrivetheiremployeroutofbusiness.Nocompany,nojob.Howshortsightedinthelongrun!
Butthemostimportantargumentforabroadeducationisthatinstudyingtheaccumulatedwisdomoftheages,weimproveourmoralsense.Isawacartoonrecentlywhichshowsagroupofbusinessmenlookingpuzzledastheysitaroundaconferencetable;oneofthemistalkingontheintercom,“MissBaxter,”hesays,“couldyoupleasesendinsomeonewhocandistinguishrightfromwrong?”
Fromthelong-termpointofview,that’swhateducationreallyoughttobeabout.
1.Accordingtotheauthor’sobservation,collegestudents________.
2.Thestudents’criteriaforselectingmajorstodayhavemuchtodowith________.
3.Bysaying“Whileit’struethat...betheyscientificorartistic”(Para.5),theauthormeansthat________.
4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.haveneverbeensomaterialisticastoday
B.haveneverbeensointerestedinthearts
C.haveneverbeensofinanciallywelloffastoday
D.haveneverattachedsomuchimportancetomoralsense
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.theinfluencesoftheirinstructors
B.thefinancialgoalstheyseekinlife
C.theirowninterpretationsofthecourses
D.theirunderstandingofthecontributionsofothers
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.businessmanagementshouldbeincludedineducationalprograms
B.humanwisdomhasaccumulatedatanextraordinarilyhighspeed
C.humanintellectualdevelopmenthasreachednewheights
D.theimportanceofabroadeducationshouldnotbeoverlooked
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Businessmenabsorbedintheircareerarenarrow-minded.
B.Managersoftenfindithardtotellrightfromwrong.
C.Careerseekersshouldnotfocusonimmediateinterestsonly.
D.Peopleengagedintechnicaljobsleadamorerewardinglife.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:C
【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Accordingtotheauthor’sobservation,collegestudents________.根據(jù)作者的觀察,大學(xué)生________。
A.haveneverbeensomaterialisticastodayA.從來沒有像今天這樣唯物主義
B.haveneverbeensointerestedintheartsB.從未對(duì)藝術(shù)如此感興趣
C.haveneverbeensofinanciallywelloffastodayC.從沒有像今天這樣富裕過
D.haveneverattachedsomuchimportancetomoralsenseD.從未如此重視道德感
【答案】A
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞collegestudents定位到第一段,該處講到“調(diào)查顯示(Accordingtoasurvey),如今傳統(tǒng)年齡的大學(xué)新生比以往任何時(shí)候都更多奉行物質(zhì)享樂主義(morematerialistic),更少奉行利他主義。”,可知在作者看來,大學(xué)生從未像如今這樣唯物主義,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B選項(xiàng)“從未對(duì)藝術(shù)如此感興趣”:文中沒有提到大學(xué)生對(duì)藝術(shù)感興趣,屬于無中生有;
C選項(xiàng)“從沒有像今天這樣富裕過”:對(duì)應(yīng)第二段第一句“在這樣的困難時(shí)期,學(xué)生的主要目標(biāo)是實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)富裕(befinanciallywelloff)?!保@里沒有把過去和現(xiàn)在的學(xué)生進(jìn)行比較,而且學(xué)生并不富裕,屬于偷換概念;
D選項(xiàng)“從未如此重視道德感”:對(duì)應(yīng)第一段“大學(xué)新生比以往任何時(shí)候都更少奉行利他主義(lessaltruistic)?!?,可知如今的大學(xué)生沒有以前那么重視道德感,屬于反向干擾。
第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Thestudents’criteriaforselectingmajorstodayhavemuchtodowith________.如今,學(xué)生們選擇專業(yè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與________有很大關(guān)系。
A.theinfluencesoftheirinstructorsA.他們的導(dǎo)師的影響
B.thefinancialgoalstheyseekinlifeB.他們?cè)谏钪凶非蟮呢?cái)務(wù)目標(biāo)
C.theirowninterpretationsofthecoursesC.他們自己對(duì)課程的理解
D.theirunderstandingofthecontributionsofothersD.他們對(duì)他人貢獻(xiàn)的理解
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞selectingmajors定位到第二段,該處講到“在這樣的困難時(shí)期,學(xué)生的主要目標(biāo)是實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)富裕(financiallywelloff)……由此可見(Itfollowsthen),如今最受歡迎的課程(mostpopularcourse)不是文學(xué)或歷史,而是會(huì)計(jì)。”,可知學(xué)生對(duì)專業(yè)的選擇和其財(cái)務(wù)目標(biāo)相關(guān),因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“他們導(dǎo)師的影響”:對(duì)應(yīng)第四段第二句“我的一個(gè)朋友是一家化學(xué)公司的銷售代表,她工作的第一年掙的錢是她大學(xué)老師的兩倍(twicethesalaryofhercollegeinstructors)?!?,這里只是講到學(xué)生和老師工資的差異,并沒有表達(dá)老師和學(xué)生選擇專業(yè)的關(guān)系,屬于偷換概念;
C選項(xiàng)“他們自己對(duì)課程的理解”:文中沒有提到學(xué)生對(duì)課程的理解導(dǎo)致對(duì)專業(yè)的選擇不同,屬于無中生有;
D選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)他人貢獻(xiàn)的理解”:對(duì)應(yīng)第五段第一句“我們的文明已經(jīng)在與我們自身相距甚遠(yuǎn)的領(lǐng)域積累了大量的知識(shí),我們更好地理解了這些領(lǐng)域的其他貢獻(xiàn)?!保@里指的是這些領(lǐng)域的貢獻(xiàn),而非大學(xué)生自己的貢獻(xiàn),屬于張冠李戴。
第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Bysaying“Whileit’struethat...betheyscientificorartistic”(Para.5),theauthormeansthat________.他說“Whileit’struethat...betheyscientificorartistic”(第五段),作者的意思是________。
A.businessmanagementshouldbeincludedineducationalprogramsA.企業(yè)管理應(yīng)該包括在教育計(jì)劃中
B.humanwisdomhasaccumulatedatanextraordinarilyhighspeedB.人類智慧以極快的速度積累
C.humanintellectualdevelopmenthasreachednewheightsC.人類智力發(fā)展達(dá)到了新的高度
D.theimportanceofabroadeducationshouldnotbeoverlookedD.廣泛教育的重要性不應(yīng)被忽視
【答案】D
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中出處提示詞Para.5和信息詞Whileit’strue定位到第五段第一句,該處講到“誠然,我們都需要一份職業(yè),但同樣不可否認(rèn)的是(itisequallytruethat),我們的文明已經(jīng)在與我們自身相距甚遠(yuǎn)的領(lǐng)域積累了大量的知識(shí)(anincredibleamountofknowledge),我們更好地理解了(betterforourunderstanding)這些領(lǐng)域的其他貢獻(xiàn)——無論是科學(xué)上的還是藝術(shù)上的(betheyscientificorartistic)?!保寺殬I(yè)需要的知識(shí),我們還積累了大量非職業(yè)需要的知識(shí),這里強(qiáng)調(diào)這些知識(shí)人們已經(jīng)知道,并且非常重要,需要更多推廣,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)管理應(yīng)該包括在教育計(jì)劃中”:這里沒有提到企業(yè)管理,屬于無中生有;
B選項(xiàng)“人類智慧以極快的速度積累”:這里提到人類文明積累了大量知識(shí),但不代表人類智慧增長速度很快,屬于偷換概念;
C選項(xiàng)“人類智力發(fā)展達(dá)到了新的高度”:這里沒有說到人類智力到了新高度,屬于無中生有。
第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?根據(jù)文章,下列哪個(gè)陳述正確?
A.Businessmenabsorbedintheircareerarenarrow-minded.A.專心于事業(yè)的商人心胸狹窄。
B.Managersoftenfindithardtotellrightfromwrong.B.老板們常常認(rèn)為很難分清是非。
C.Careerseekersshouldnotfocusonimmediateinterestsonly.C.求職者不應(yīng)該只關(guān)注眼前的利益。
D.Peopleengagedintechnicaljobsleadamorerewardinglife.D.從事技術(shù)工作的人生活更有意義。
【答案】C
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】此題定位到第六段,該處講到“每周我們都能讀到工會(huì)(unions)為提高工資而罷工(strikeforhigherwages),結(jié)果卻把他們的雇主趕出了市場……從長遠(yuǎn)來看,這是多么目光短淺(shortsighted)?。 ?,可知工會(huì)罷工這件事目光短淺,求職者不應(yīng)目光短淺,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“專心于事業(yè)的商人心胸狹窄”:文中沒有提到商人心胸狹窄,屬于無中生有;
B選項(xiàng)“老板們常常認(rèn)為很難分清是非”:對(duì)應(yīng)第七段“但支持廣泛教育最重要的理由是,在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)代積累的智慧中,我們提高了自己的道德感(improveourmoralsense)……其中一個(gè)商人正在對(duì)講機(jī)里說:‘巴克斯特小姐,請(qǐng)您派一個(gè)能明辨是非的人(candistinguishrightfromwrong)來好嗎?’”,這里的明辨是非指的是分清道德上的對(duì)錯(cuò),不是說很難分辨對(duì)錯(cuò),而是說人們道德感低,屬于偷換概念;
D選項(xiàng)“從事技術(shù)工作的人生活更有意義”:對(duì)應(yīng)第二段第二句“培養(yǎng)一種有意義的人生哲學(xué)已經(jīng)不那么重要了(meaningfulphilosophyoflife)。”,這里指的是有意義的人生哲學(xué),而不是人生因?yàn)閺氖录夹g(shù)工作而有意義,屬于偷換概念。
9.單選題
Usuallyalternatingcurrent(AC)transmissionsufferslowerlossesthandirectcurrent(DC),andthus,ACbecametheindustrystandard.Somepeople,however,questionthatstandardbecauseoverlongdistanceshigh-voltageDClinessufferlowerlossesthanAC.Notonlydoesthatmakethembetterintheirownright,butemployingthemwouldallowelectricitygridstoberestructuredinwaysthatwouldmakewindpowermoreattractive.Thatwouldreducetheneedfornewconventional(andpolluting)powerstations.
Windpowerhassomeproblems.Youdon’talwaysgetitwhereyouwantitandyoudon’talwaysgetitwhenyouwantit.Thequestionofwherethewindisblowingwouldnolongermatterbecauseitisalmostalwaysblowingsomewhere.IfitwerewindyinSpainbutnotinIreland,currentwouldflowinonedirection.Dealingwithwhenthewindblowsisasubtlerissue.Forinstance,animportantpartofDrSchmid’scontinentalgridisthebranchtoNorway.ItisnotthatNorwayisahugeconsumer.Rather,thecountryiswellsuppliedwithhydroelectricplants.Theseareoneofthefewwaysthatenergyfromtransientsourceslikethewindcanbestoredingrid-fillingquantities.Thepowerisusedtopumpwaterupintothereservoirsthatfeedthehydroelectricturbines.Thatwayitisontapwhenneeded.Thecapacityof“Norway’sreservoirsissolarge,accordingtoDrSchmid,thatshouldthewinddropalloverEurope—whichdoeshappenonrareoccasions—thehydroplantscouldspringintoactionandfillinthegapforuptofourweeks.
Putlikethis,aEurope-widegridseemsanobviousidea.ThatithasnotyetbeenbuiltisbecauseACpowerlineswouldlosetoomuchpoweroversuchlargedistances.HencetherenewedinterestinDC.DrSchmidcalculatesthataDCgridofthesortheenvisageswouldallowwindtosupplyatleast30%ofthepowerneededinEurope.Moreover,itcoulddosoreliably—andthatmeanswindpowercouldbeusedforwhatisknowninthejargonasbase-loadpowersupply.
Thoughwindpowerhasitsopponents,too,itsenvironmentalvirtuesmightbeenoughtoswingthingsinitsfavorifitwerealsoreliable.Indeed,agroupofNorwegiancompanieshavealreadystartedbuildinghigh-voltageDClinesbetweenScandinavia,theNetherlandsandGermany,thoughtheseareintendedasmuchtosellthecountry’spowerastoaccumulateotherpeople’s.AndAirtricity—anIrishwind-powercompany—plansevenmoreofthem.ItproposeswhatitcallsaSupergrid.ThiswouldlinkoffshorewindfarmsintheAtlanticOceanandtheIrish,NorthandBalticseaswithcustomersthroughoutnorthernEurope.
51.Bysaying“makethembetterintheirownrig
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