IP地址與TCPIP協(xié)議課件

第六章IP地址和TCP/IP協(xié)議1第六章IP地址和TCP/IP協(xié)議1問題的提出：1、用戶的網(wǎng)絡(luò)屬性中各項如何配置（有路由、無路由）2、各項配置的意義（IP地址、網(wǎng)關(guān)、DNS）2問題的提出：2一、什么是協(xié)議

協(xié)議是規(guī)則，是網(wǎng)絡(luò)的語言二、協(xié)議的功能 協(xié)議的功能：分割、尋址、封裝、排序、信息流控制、同步、干路 傳輸、連接控制 傳輸控制協(xié)議TCP：負(fù)責(zé)流量控制，并保證傳輸?shù)恼_性 網(wǎng)際協(xié)議IP：將數(shù)據(jù)從一處傳到另一處第一節(jié)協(xié)議的基本概念3一、什么是協(xié)議第一節(jié)協(xié)議的基本概念3介紹tcp/ipHostInternetTCP/IPHost介紹tcp/ipHostInternetTCP/IPHosttcp/ip的分層應(yīng)用層傳輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口層協(xié)議只有四層，使用Sniffer抓個數(shù)據(jù)包來說明協(xié)議的封裝，比如訪問可以查看DNS的解析等細(xì)節(jié)5tcp/ip的分層應(yīng)用層傳輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口層協(xié)議只有四層，TCP端口號SourcePortDest.Port…HostA102823…SPDPHostZTelnetZ目的=23.Telnet

應(yīng)用程序.TCP端口號SourceDest.…HostA10282SendSYN(seq=100ctl=SYN)SYNreceivedHostAHostBTCP三次握手確立連接1SendSYNSYNreceivedHostAHosSendSYN(seq=100ctl=SYN)SYNreceivedSendSYN,ACK(seq=300ack=101ctl=syn,ack)HostAHostBSYNreceived12TCP三次握手確立連接SendSYNSYNreceivedSendSYN,SendSYN(seq=100ctl=SYN)SYNreceivedSendSYN,ACK(seq=300ack=101ctl=syn,ack)Established(seq=101ack=301ctl=ack)HostAHostB123SYNreceivedTCP三次握手確立連接SendSYNSYNreceivedSendSYN,TCP簡單知識Windowsize=1

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ReceiverTCP簡單知識Windowsize=1SenderTCP簡單知識Windowsize=1

Sender

ReceiverSend1Receive1TCP簡單知識Windowsize=1SenderTCP簡單知識Windowsize=1

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ReceiverSend1Receive1ReceiveACK2SendACK2TCP簡單知識Windowsize=1SenderTCP簡單知識Windowsize=1

Sender

ReceiverSend1Receive1ReceiveACK2SendACK2Send2Receive2TCP簡單知識Windowsize=1SenderTCP簡單知識Windowsize=1

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ReceiverSend1Receive1ReceiveACK2SendACK2Send2Receive2ReceiveACK3SendACK3TCP簡單知識Windowsize=1SenderTCP簡單知識Windowsize=1

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ReceiverSend1Receive1ReceiveACK2SendACK2Send2Receive2ReceiveACK3SendACK3Send3Receive3TCP簡單知識Windowsize=1SenderWindowsize=1

Sender

ReceiverSend1Receive1ReceiveACK2SendACK2Send2Receive2ReceiveACK3SendACK3Send3Receive3ReceiveACK4SendACK4TCP簡單知識Windowsize=1SenderReceivTCP序列和確認(rèn)SourcePortDest.Port…Sequence#Acknowledgement#SourceDest.Seq.Ack.102823101Ijustsent#10.TCP序列和確認(rèn)SourceDest.…SequenceATCP序列和確認(rèn)Ijustgot#10,nowIneed#11.SourcePortDest.Port…Sequence#Acknowledgement#102823SourceDest.10Seq.1Ack.102823SourceDest.11Seq.1Ack.Ijustsent#10.TCP序列和確認(rèn)Ijustgot#10,SourceTCP序列和確認(rèn)SourcePortDest.Port…Sequence#Acknowledgement#102823SourceDest.11Seq.2Ack.102823SourceDest.10Seq.1Ack.102823SourceDest.11Seq.1Ack.Ijustgot#10,nowIneed#11.Ijustsent#11.TCP序列和確認(rèn)SourceDest.…SequenceATCP序列和確認(rèn)SourcePortDest.Port…Sequence#Acknowledgement#102823SourceDest.11Seq.2Ack.102823SourceDest.10Seq.1Ack.102823SourceDest.11Seq.1Ack.102823SourceDest.12Seq.2Ack.Ijustgot#11,nowIneed#12.Ijustsent#11.TCP序列和確認(rèn)SourceDest.…SequenceATCP窗口SenderReceiverTCP窗口SenderReceiverTCP窗口Windowsize=3Send2SenderReceiverWindowsize=3Send1Windowsize=3Send3TCP窗口Windowsize=3SenderRecWindowsize=3Send2TCP窗口SenderWindowsize=3Send1Windowsize=3Send3ACK3Windowsize=2Packet3is

DroppedReceiverWindowsize=3TCP窗口SenderWinWindowsize=3Send2TCP窗口SenderWindowsize=3Send1Windowsize=3Send3ACK3Windowsize=2Packet3is

DroppedWindowsize=3Send4Windowsize=3Send3ReceiverWindowsize=3TCP窗口SenderWinWindowsize=3Send2TCP窗口SenderWindowsize=3Send1Windowsize=3Send3ACK3Windowsize=2Packet3is

DroppedWindowsize=3Send4Windowsize=3Send3ACK5Windowsize=2ReceiverWindowsize=3TCP窗口SenderWin地址解析協(xié)議IP:=???我需要的MAC地址地址解析協(xié)議IP:地址解析協(xié)議IP:=???我聽到廣播這個信息是發(fā)給我的告訴我的MAC地址我需要的MAC地址3.2.地址解析協(xié)議IP:地址解析協(xié)議IP:Ethernet:0800.0020.1111IP:=???我聽到廣播這個信息是發(fā)給我的告訴我的MAC地址我需要的MAC地址地址解析協(xié)議IP:地址解析協(xié)議MapIP MACIP:MAC:0800.0020.1111IP:=???我聽到廣播這個信息是發(fā)給我的告訴我的MAC地址我需要的MAC地址ARP地址解析協(xié)議，根據(jù)IP地址解析出MAC地址地址解析協(xié)議MapIP MAC1反向ARPEthernet:0800.0020.1111IP=???WhatismyIPaddress?反向ARPEthernet:0800.0020.1111反向ARPEthernet:0800.0020.1111IP=???WhatismyIPaddress?Iheardthatbroadcast.YourIPaddressis5.反向ARPEthernet:0800.0020.1111反向ARPEthernet:0800.0020.1111IP:5Ethernet:0800.0020.1111IP=???WhatismyIPaddress?Iheardthatbroadcast.YourIPaddressis5.反向ARPEthernet:0800.0020.1111反向ARPMapEthernet IPEthernet:0800.0020.1111IP:5Ethernet:0800.0020.1111IP=???WhatismyIPaddress?Iheardthatbroadcast.YourIPaddressis5.反向ARPMapEthernet IP介紹TCP/IP地址SADAHDRDATA介紹TCP/IP地址172.18.0IP地址

255255

255

255Dotted

DecimalMaximumNetworkHost32bitsIP地址255255255255Dotted

DecIP地址

255255

255

255Dotted

DecimalMaximumNetworkHost128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

11111111

11111111

11111111

11111111Binary32bits1891617242532128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

IP地址255255255255Dotted

DecIP地址

255255

255

255Dotted

DecimalMaximumNetworkHost128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

11111111

11111111

11111111

11111111

10101100

00010000

01111010

11001100Binary32bits

172

16

122

204Example

DecimalExample

Binary1891617242532128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

IP地址255255255255Dotted

DecClassA:ClassB:ClassC:ClassD: 多播ClassE:研究IP地址類NetworkHostHostHostNetworkNetworkHostHostNetworkNetworkNetworkHost8bits8bits8bits8bitsClassA:IP地址類NetworkHostHosIP地址分類1ClassA:Bits:0NNNNNNNHostHostHost891617242532Range(1-126)1ClassB:Bits:10NNNNNNNetworkHostHost891617242532Range(128-191)1ClassC:Bits:110NNNNNNetworkNetworkHost891617242532Range(192-223)1ClassD:Bits:1110MMMMMulticastGroupMulticastGroupMulticastGroup891617242532Range(224-239)IP地址分類1ClassA:Bits:0NNNNNNNH主機地址02118E1172.161212網(wǎng)絡(luò)號主機號..網(wǎng)絡(luò)號接口E0E1路由表E0主機地址0172.1

11111111決定可利用的主機地址172

1600

10101100

00010000

00000000

0000000016

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

NetworkHost

00000000

00000001

11111111

11111111

11111111

11111110......

00000000

00000011

11111101123655346553565536-...265534N2N-2=216-2=655344111111111決定可利用的主機地址172 IP地址練習(xí)AddressClassNetworkHost004620IP地址練習(xí)AddressClassNetworkHostIP地址練習(xí)答案AddressClassNetworkHost004620ABCCBNonexistent0046IP地址練習(xí)答案AddressClassNetworkHo網(wǎng)絡(luò)號沒有子網(wǎng)的地址…...5354網(wǎng)絡(luò)號沒有子網(wǎng)的地網(wǎng)絡(luò)號有子網(wǎng)的地址網(wǎng)絡(luò)號有子網(wǎng)的地址子網(wǎng)地址00600050E0E1172.162160網(wǎng)絡(luò)號主機..NetworkInterfaceE0E1NewRoutingTable子網(wǎng)號子網(wǎng)地址00172.子網(wǎng)掩碼1721600255255002552552550IP

地址默認(rèn)掩碼8位子網(wǎng)掩碼NetworkHostNetworkHostNetworkSubnetHost也可寫成“/16”代表在子網(wǎng)中有16個1也可寫成“/24”代表在子網(wǎng)中有24個111111111111111110000000000000000子網(wǎng)掩碼1721600255255002552552550I十進制對應(yīng)的二進制1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 1281 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 1921 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 = 2241 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 = 2401 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 = 2481 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 = 2521 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 = 2541 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 255128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1十進制對應(yīng)的二進制1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 12816NetworkHost172001010110011111111101011000001000011111111000100000000000000000000101000000000000000000000默認(rèn)情況下是沒有使用子網(wǎng)00000010沒有子網(wǎng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)60

網(wǎng)絡(luò)號16NetworkHost17200101011001111網(wǎng)絡(luò)號擴展了8位有子網(wǎng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)16NetworkHost6017220101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000000000000000000000000010Subnet網(wǎng)絡(luò)號128192224240248252254255網(wǎng)絡(luò)號擴展了8位有子網(wǎng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)16NetworkHost172有子網(wǎng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)主機6092101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000110000001000000000000010子網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)號擴展到10位161722128網(wǎng)絡(luò)號128192224240248252254255128192224240248252254255有子網(wǎng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)主機60255.25子網(wǎng)練習(xí)地址子網(wǎng)掩碼類子網(wǎng)號002子網(wǎng)練習(xí)地址子網(wǎng)掩碼類子網(wǎng)號010.6.子網(wǎng)練習(xí)答案地址子網(wǎng)掩碼類子網(wǎng)號002BAA子網(wǎng)練習(xí)答案地址子網(wǎng)掩碼類子網(wǎng)號010.地址摘要例子16172216010101100000100001010000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst609241地址摘要例子161722160101011000001000地址摘要例子1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst609212161722160地址摘要例子101011001111111100010000地址摘要例子1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst60921237161722160地址摘要例子101011001111111100010000地址摘要例子101011001111111100010000111111111111111110100000110000001000000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst60921234161722160地址摘要例子101011001111111100010000地址摘要例子10101100111111110001000011111111111111111010000011000000100000000000001010111111HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst6092123456161722160地址摘要例子101011001111111100010000地址摘要例子1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000010000000000000101011111110000001HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst6092123456161722160地址摘要例子101011001111111100010000地址摘要例子101011001111111100010000111111111111111110100000110000001000000000000010101111111000000110111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst60921234567161722160地址摘要例子101011001111111100010000地址摘要例子101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000110000001000000000000010101011000001000000000010101111111010110000010000000000101000000110101100000100000000001010111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst609212345678161722160地址摘要例子101011001111111110101100地址摘要例子101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000110000001000000000000010101011000001000000000010101111111010110000010000000000101000000110101100000100000000001010111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst609228912990123456789161722160地址摘要例子101011001111111110101100IPHostAddress: 21SubnetMask:網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址=主機地址=–54（除去網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址和廣播）廣播地址=558位子網(wǎng)相當(dāng)于C類NetworkSubnetHost1010110000010000000000101111111121::1010110011111111Subnet:10101100000100000001000011111111000000100000001011111111011110010000000000000000B類有子網(wǎng)的例子Broadcast:NetworkIPHostAddress: 21網(wǎng)SubnetPlanningOthersubnets62820subnets5hostspersubnetClassCaddress:

SubnetPlanningOther192.168.511111000主機地址:21子網(wǎng)掩碼:48NetworkSubnetHost21:1100000011111111Subnet:11000000101010001010100011111111000001010000010111111111011110010111100048:C類有子網(wǎng)的例子SubnetAddress=20HostAddresses=21–26BroadcastAddress=27F