高考閱讀技巧主旨大意課件

高考閱讀技巧主旨大意課件1Abeeiscollectinghoney!Abeeiscollectinghoney!2Aboatisstayingonthewaterquietly!Aboatisstayingonthewater3Somalipirates(海盜)robbedthreeThaifishingshipswith77sailorsonboardnearlyl，200MilesofftheSomalicoast，thefarthest-off-shoreattacktodate，anofficersaidTuesday.（2010四川D篇）

SomalipiratesrobbedthreeThaifishingships.Somalipirates(海盜)robb4高考英語閱讀理解解題技巧專題---

（主旨大意）高考英語閱讀理解解題技巧專題---5高考閱讀主旨大意常見的設(shè)題方式有三種：一、考查文章的中心思想

二、考查文章標(biāo)題的選擇

三、考查作者的態(tài)度和意圖

高考閱讀主旨大意常見的設(shè)題方式有三種：一、考查文章的中心思想6一、考查文章的中心思想

(1)Whatisthetopicofthetext?(2).Themainidea/subjectofthepassageis_________.(3).Thegeneralidea/themeofthispassageis_________(4).Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?(5).Thepassagemainlyfocuseson

.一、考查文章的中心思想(1)Whatisthetop7二、考查文章標(biāo)題的選擇

(1).Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?(2).Whatwouldbethebestheadlineforthetext?(3).Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis_________.

二、考查文章標(biāo)題的選擇(1).Whatwouldbe8三、考查作者的態(tài)度和意圖

(1)What'sthewriter'spurposeinwritingthepassage？(2)Theauthorwritesthepassageinorderto___________(3)Accordingtothepassage,theauthorintendsto__________(4)Thepassagewaswrittento____三、考查作者的態(tài)度和意圖(1)What'sthewri9干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：1.以偏概全。2.斷章取義。3.主題擴(kuò)大。4.張冠李戴。5.無中生有或似是而非。干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：1.以偏概全。10解題技巧分述：(一)、中心思想解題技巧分述：(一)、中心思想11解題技巧分述：(一)、中心思想歸納（主題句定位法）

文章主題句(topicsentence)常?？梢酝ㄟ^文章的寫作方法來體現(xiàn)，有以下五種情況：

1.正三解形寫作法即中心主題句出現(xiàn)在文首，開門見山。新聞報(bào)道通常就采用這種寫法。大意題、標(biāo)題一般可在第一句話找到答題依據(jù)。解題技巧分述：(一)、中心思想歸納（主題句定位法）12例題：(2008年全國高考—重慶卷E篇)

Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity.Otherssaythatcompetitionis…

71.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A.Competitionhelpstosetupself-respect.B.Opinionsaboutcompetitionaredifferentamongpeople.C.Competitionisharmfultopersonalqualitydevelopment.D.Failuresarenecessaryexperienceincompetition.B_____________________________________________________________例題：(2008年全國高考—重慶卷E篇)B_________132、倒三解形寫作法即中心主題句出現(xiàn)在文尾。請(qǐng)劃出下列短文的主題句：

Batteriescanpoweranythingfromsmallsensorstolargesystems.Whilescientistsarefindingwaystomakethemsmallerbutevenmorepowerful,problemscanarisewhenthesebatteriesaremuchlargerandheavierthanthedevicesthemselves.UniversityofMissouri(MU)researchersaredevelopinganuclearenergysourcethatissmaller,lighterandmoreefficient.（2010山東D篇）

________________________________________________________________________________________________2、倒三解形寫作法請(qǐng)劃出下列短文的主題句：143.圓形寫作法

即首尾呼應(yīng)的寫作方法。例題：Lacrosse(曲棍球)isapopularsportinCanada.TheIndiansinCanadainventedit.Theyusedittotrainforwar.TheyinventedthisgamebeforeColumbusarrivedintheNewWorld.………..TodayitisstillpopularwithCanadians.1.Thepassageismainlyabout

.

A.HowtoPlayLacrosseB.LacrosseinCanadaC.TheHistoryofLacrosseD.Lacrosse—APopularGameinCanada

D______________________________________________________________________________3.圓形寫作法例題：Lacrosse(曲棍球)isa154.菱形寫作法即主題句出現(xiàn)在文章的中間。例題：(2008年全國高考—江蘇卷C篇)

TheSaharaFestivalisacelebrationoftheveryrecentpast.…..……

Duringtheopeningceremonies,aftertheofficialgreetingsfromthegovernmentleaders,peoplewhoattendthefestivalbegintomarchsmartlybeforetheviewingstands,andwhitecamelstransporttheirridersacrossthesands.…..…4.菱形寫作法例題：(2008年全國高考—江蘇卷C篇)1667.Thispassagemainlytellsreaders_____.A.whathappensontheopeningdayoftheSaharaFestivalB.howpeoplecelebrateduringthethree-daySaharaFestivalC.whattakesplaceattheclosingceremoniesoftheSaharaFestivalD.howanimalsraceonthefirstandthelastdaysoftheSaharaFestivalA67.Thispassagemainlytells175.正方形寫作法

即中心主題隱含在全文之中，沒有明確的主題句?！拘「[門】：跳讀全文，找出文中出現(xiàn)頻率最高的單詞或短語，再與選項(xiàng)作比即可得出答案。

Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.（2010廣東C篇）Foodpoisoning5.正方形寫作法【小竅門】：跳讀全文，找出文中18解題技巧分述：(二)、標(biāo)題解題技巧分述：(二)、標(biāo)題19（二）、怎樣選擇或擬定文章的標(biāo)題1、首先，要考慮標(biāo)題對(duì)文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何。要避免下列三種情況：

①概括不夠（多表現(xiàn)為部分代整體，從而導(dǎo)致范圍太小）；

②過度概括（多表現(xiàn)為脫離本文章內(nèi)容的發(fā)揮）；

③以事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)替代抽象具體的大意。（二）、怎樣選擇或擬定文章的標(biāo)題1、首先，要考慮標(biāo)題202、其次，要考慮標(biāo)題的針對(duì)性，即標(biāo)題范圍要恰當(dāng)，針對(duì)性強(qiáng)。3、再次要注意標(biāo)題的醒目性，標(biāo)題要簡潔、突出、新穎。4、有時(shí)，標(biāo)題具有高度的抽象性和概括性。5、選擇標(biāo)題時(shí)，可以采用逆向思維的方法：即反問自己—假如我以某選項(xiàng)為標(biāo)題寫作，會(huì)從哪些方面來寫。2、其次，要考慮標(biāo)題的針對(duì)性，即標(biāo)題范圍要恰當(dāng)，針對(duì)21ApowerfulearthquakejoltedTaiwan,killingfiveconstructionworkers,authorities(官方)said.Over200injurieswarereportedacrosstheisland,mostlyminor,asaresultofSunday’s7.5-magnitudequake.ThequakewascentredoffHualien,180kilometreseastofTaipei.Itstruckat2:53pmandlastedfornearlyaminute.59．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.FiveworkersdiedB.AterriblenaturaldisasterC.Aone-minuteearthquakeD.AnearthquakehitTaiwan__________________________Apowerfulearthquake22

ThegodsoftheoldGreekslivedinthecloudsonthetopofMountOlympus.Zeus,thefatherofthegods,carriedlightninginhishandlikeanearthlyking.Apollowasthesungodandhisbeamsweregoldenarrows.Athenawasthefightinggod.Therewereothergodsaswell,allwithfamiliarhumancharacteristics,buttheseweretheleadinggods.◆Whichofthefollowingisprobablythebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheGodsoftheOldGreeksB.TheLegendoftheSkyGodZeusC.BeliefsoftheAncientGreeksD.ReligionsofthePast_____________________________ThegodsoftheoldGreeks23解題技巧分述：(三)、態(tài)度、意圖解題技巧分述：(三)、態(tài)度、意圖24三、怎樣判定作者的態(tài)度和意圖1、要注意一些起過渡、轉(zhuǎn)換、承接作用的關(guān)鍵詞。如：also;too;however;yet;otherwise;but;though/although/as/while;2、注意一些表示贊賞、支持、否定意義的形容詞或副詞。如：

good/great/excellent/wonderful;glad/happy/exciting/attracting/inviting;bad/worse/wrong/

三、怎樣判定作者的態(tài)度和意圖1、要注意一些起過渡、轉(zhuǎn)換253.注意一些特定句式的使用：透過句式可以看出作者的傾向。如：

Isn'tthatwonderfulifwegettherebyair？4、某些句型表面看上去是比較級(jí)，而實(shí)際上是最高級(jí)含義。Mymotherdecidedtotakemeonthetrip.Itcouldn'tbebetter.5、某些否定形式的句子實(shí)際上是肯定含義：

Wecannotemphasizetheimportanceofprotectingourenvironmenttoomuch.6、注意虛擬語氣的使用。HowIwishIhadpassedthedrivingtest.6、.將自己想象為故事中的主人公，體會(huì)其心理感受。3.注意一些特定句式的使用：透過句式可以看出作者的傾26“InonlysixdaysIlostsevenpoundsofweight.”………Thesearethekindsofstatementsusedinmagazine,newspaper,radioandtelevisionads.Thepromotersofproductssaytheycanshapethelegs,slimtheface……..Oftensuchproductsarenothingmorethanmoney-makingthingsfortheirpromoter.……..（2009山東卷）65.Theauthorintendsto_____A.makeconsumersawareofthepromoters’falsepromisesB.showtheweaknessofthelawonproductsafetyC.giveadviceonhowtokeepyoungandbeautifulD.introducetheorganizationofFDA.

______________________________________________“InonlysixdaysIlostse27Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews?Allwereadaboutisearthquake,floodanddeath.Tobehonest,I’msickofallthisbadnews.◆Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingis_________.A.honest B.sorry C.angry D.sadCWhyisn’tyournewspaper28鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)29一、請(qǐng)指出下面句子的主題句。1.Englishisclearlyaninternationallanguage.Itisspokenbypilotsonalltheairwaysoftheworld.Over70percentoftheworld'sradioprogramsareinEnglish.2.Somestudentslikeastrictteacher.Othersliketobelefttoworkbythemselves.Stillotherslikeafreediscussionkindofclass.Noteachingwaycansatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.________________________________________________________________________________________________一、請(qǐng)指出下面句子的主題句。1.Englishi303.Blackisthecolourofmourning.Redsymbolizesdanger.Ifyouareafraid,youareyellow.NoneofthesesayingsistrueoutsidetheEnglishspeakingworld.InChinaandKorea,whiteisthecolorofmourning.InRussiaredstandsforbeautyandlife.InItalyandGermanyyouareyellowwithanger，notwithfear.______________________________________________________________3.Blackisthecolourof31二、選擇最佳答案。Montreal(Reuters)----CrossingtheUS-Canadaborder(邊界)togotochurchonaSundaycostaUScitizen$10000forbreakingWashington’sstrictnewsecurity（安全）rules.▲Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ACross-countryTrip B.ASpecialBorderPassC.AnUnguardedBorder D.AnExpensiveChurchVisitD二、選擇最佳答案。Montreal(Reute32

LungcanceristheworstcancerkillerinAmericaaccordingtotheAmericanCancerSociety.About160,440Americansdieeachyearfromlungcancer,accountingfor28percentofallcancerdeaths.Morethan87percentoflungcancersaresmokingrelated.▲Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.LungcanceristheNo.1cancerkillerB.SmokingisabadhabitC.Dr.DerekRaghavanadvisespeopletostopsmoking D.WhydidPeterJenningsdieofLungcancer?ALungcanceristhewors33小結(jié)(Summary)一、考查文章的中心思想

二、考查文章標(biāo)題的選擇

三、考查作者的態(tài)度和意圖

小結(jié)(Summary)一、考查文章的中心思想二、考查文章標(biāo)34Thankyou!Thank35高考閱讀技巧主旨大意課件36Abeeiscollectinghoney!Abeeiscollectinghoney!37Aboatisstayingonthewaterquietly!Aboatisstayingonthewater38Somalipirates(海盜)robbedthreeThaifishingshipswith77sailorsonboardnearlyl，200MilesofftheSomalicoast，thefarthest-off-shoreattacktodate，anofficersaidTuesday.（2010四川D篇）

SomalipiratesrobbedthreeThaifishingships.Somalipirates(海盜)robb39高考英語閱讀理解解題技巧專題---

（主旨大意）高考英語閱讀理解解題技巧專題---40高考閱讀主旨大意常見的設(shè)題方式有三種：一、考查文章的中心思想

二、考查文章標(biāo)題的選擇

三、考查作者的態(tài)度和意圖

高考閱讀主旨大意常見的設(shè)題方式有三種：一、考查文章的中心思想41一、考查文章的中心思想

(1)Whatisthetopicofthetext?(2).Themainidea/subjectofthepassageis_________.(3).Thegeneralidea/themeofthispassageis_________(4).Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?(5).Thepassagemainlyfocuseson

.一、考查文章的中心思想(1)Whatisthetop42二、考查文章標(biāo)題的選擇

(1).Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?(2).Whatwouldbethebestheadlineforthetext?(3).Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis_________.

二、考查文章標(biāo)題的選擇(1).Whatwouldbe43三、考查作者的態(tài)度和意圖

(1)What'sthewriter'spurposeinwritingthepassage？(2)Theauthorwritesthepassageinorderto___________(3)Accordingtothepassage,theauthorintendsto__________(4)Thepassagewaswrittento____三、考查作者的態(tài)度和意圖(1)What'sthewri44干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：1.以偏概全。2.斷章取義。3.主題擴(kuò)大。4.張冠李戴。5.無中生有或似是而非。干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：1.以偏概全。45解題技巧分述：(一)、中心思想解題技巧分述：(一)、中心思想46解題技巧分述：(一)、中心思想歸納（主題句定位法）

文章主題句(topicsentence)常?？梢酝ㄟ^文章的寫作方法來體現(xiàn)，有以下五種情況：

1.正三解形寫作法即中心主題句出現(xiàn)在文首，開門見山。新聞報(bào)道通常就采用這種寫法。大意題、標(biāo)題一般可在第一句話找到答題依據(jù)。解題技巧分述：(一)、中心思想歸納（主題句定位法）47例題：(2008年全國高考—重慶卷E篇)

Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity.Otherssaythatcompetitionis…

71.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A.Competitionhelpstosetupself-respect.B.Opinionsaboutcompetitionaredifferentamongpeople.C.Competitionisharmfultopersonalqualitydevelopment.D.Failuresarenecessaryexperienceincompetition.B_____________________________________________________________例題：(2008年全國高考—重慶卷E篇)B_________482、倒三解形寫作法即中心主題句出現(xiàn)在文尾。請(qǐng)劃出下列短文的主題句：

Batteriescanpoweranythingfromsmallsensorstolargesystems.Whilescientistsarefindingwaystomakethemsmallerbutevenmorepowerful,problemscanarisewhenthesebatteriesaremuchlargerandheavierthanthedevicesthemselves.UniversityofMissouri(MU)researchersaredevelopinganuclearenergysourcethatissmaller,lighterandmoreefficient.（2010山東D篇）

________________________________________________________________________________________________2、倒三解形寫作法請(qǐng)劃出下列短文的主題句：493.圓形寫作法

即首尾呼應(yīng)的寫作方法。例題：Lacrosse(曲棍球)isapopularsportinCanada.TheIndiansinCanadainventedit.Theyusedittotrainforwar.TheyinventedthisgamebeforeColumbusarrivedintheNewWorld.………..TodayitisstillpopularwithCanadians.1.Thepassageismainlyabout

.

A.HowtoPlayLacrosseB.LacrosseinCanadaC.TheHistoryofLacrosseD.Lacrosse—APopularGameinCanada

D______________________________________________________________________________3.圓形寫作法例題：Lacrosse(曲棍球)isa504.菱形寫作法即主題句出現(xiàn)在文章的中間。例題：(2008年全國高考—江蘇卷C篇)

TheSaharaFestivalisacelebrationoftheveryrecentpast.…..……

Duringtheopeningceremonies,aftertheofficialgreetingsfromthegovernmentleaders,peoplewhoattendthefestivalbegintomarchsmartlybeforetheviewingstands,andwhitecamelstransporttheirridersacrossthesands.…..…4.菱形寫作法例題：(2008年全國高考—江蘇卷C篇)5167.Thispassagemainlytellsreaders_____.A.whathappensontheopeningdayoftheSaharaFestivalB.howpeoplecelebrateduringthethree-daySaharaFestivalC.whattakesplaceattheclosingceremoniesoftheSaharaFestivalD.howanimalsraceonthefirstandthelastdaysoftheSaharaFestivalA67.Thispassagemainlytells525.正方形寫作法

即中心主題隱含在全文之中，沒有明確的主題句。【小竅門】：跳讀全文，找出文中出現(xiàn)頻率最高的單詞或短語，再與選項(xiàng)作比即可得出答案。

Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.（2010廣東C篇）Foodpoisoning5.正方形寫作法【小竅門】：跳讀全文，找出文中53解題技巧分述：(二)、標(biāo)題解題技巧分述：(二)、標(biāo)題54（二）、怎樣選擇或擬定文章的標(biāo)題1、首先，要考慮標(biāo)題對(duì)文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何。要避免下列三種情況：

①概括不夠（多表現(xiàn)為部分代整體，從而導(dǎo)致范圍太?。?/p>

②過度概括（多表現(xiàn)為脫離本文章內(nèi)容的發(fā)揮）；

③以事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)替代抽象具體的大意。（二）、怎樣選擇或擬定文章的標(biāo)題1、首先，要考慮標(biāo)題552、其次，要考慮標(biāo)題的針對(duì)性，即標(biāo)題范圍要恰當(dāng)，針對(duì)性強(qiáng)。3、再次要注意標(biāo)題的醒目性，標(biāo)題要簡潔、突出、新穎。4、有時(shí)，標(biāo)題具有高度的抽象性和概括性。5、選擇標(biāo)題時(shí)，可以采用逆向思維的方法：即反問自己—假如我以某選項(xiàng)為標(biāo)題寫作，會(huì)從哪些方面來寫。2、其次，要考慮標(biāo)題的針對(duì)性，即標(biāo)題范圍要恰當(dāng)，針對(duì)56ApowerfulearthquakejoltedTaiwan,killingfiveconstructionworkers,authorities(官方)said.Over200injurieswarereportedacrosstheisland,mostlyminor,asaresultofSunday’s7.5-magnitudequake.ThequakewascentredoffHualien,180kilometreseastofTaipei.Itstruckat2:53pmandlastedfornearlyaminute.59．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.FiveworkersdiedB.AterriblenaturaldisasterC.Aone-minuteearthquakeD.AnearthquakehitTaiwan__________________________Apowerfulearthquake57

ThegodsoftheoldGreekslivedinthecloudsonthetopofMountOlympus.Zeus,thefatherofthegods,carriedlightninginhishandlikeanearthlyking.Apollowasthesungodandhisbeamsweregoldenarrows.Athenawasthefightinggod.Therewereothergodsaswell,allwithfamiliarhumancharacteristics,buttheseweretheleadinggods.◆Whichofthefollowingisprobablythebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheGodsoftheOldGreeksB.TheLegendoftheSkyGodZeusC.BeliefsoftheAncientGreeksD.ReligionsofthePast_____________________________ThegodsoftheoldGreeks58解題技巧分述：(三)、態(tài)度、意圖解題技巧分述：(三)、態(tài)度、意圖59三、怎樣判定作者的態(tài)度和意圖1、要注意一些起過渡、轉(zhuǎn)換、承接作用的關(guān)鍵詞。如：also;too;however;yet;otherwise;but;though/although/as/while;2、注意一些表示贊賞、支持、否定意義的形容詞或副詞。如：

good/great/excellent/wonderful;glad/happy/exciting/attracting/inviting;bad/worse/wrong/

三、怎樣判定作者的態(tài)度和意圖1、要注意一些起過渡、轉(zhuǎn)換603.注意一些特定句式的使用：透過句式可以看出作者的傾向。如：

Isn'tthatwonderfulifwegettherebyair？4、某些句型表面看上去是比較級(jí)，而實(shí)際上是最高級(jí)含義。Mymotherdecidedtotakemeonthetrip.Itcouldn'tbebetter.5、某些否定形式的句子實(shí)際上是肯定含義：

Wecannotemphasizetheimportanceofprotectingourenvironmenttoomuch.6、注意虛擬語氣的使用。HowIwishIhadpassedthedrivingtest.6、.將自己想象為故事中的主人公，體會(huì)其心理感受。3.注意一些特定句式的使用：透過句式可以看出作者的傾61“InonlysixdaysIlostsevenpoundsofweight.”………Thesearethekindsofstatementsusedinmagazine,newspaper,radioandtelevisionads.Thepromotersofproductssaytheycanshapethelegs,slimtheface……..Oftensuchproductsarenothingmorethanmoney-makingthingsfortheirpromoter.……..（2009山東卷）65.Theauthorintendsto_____A.makeconsumersawareofthepromoters’falsepromisesB.showtheweaknessofthelawonproductsafetyC.giveadviceonhowtokeepyoungandbeautifulD.introducetheorganizationofFDA.

______________________________________________“InonlysixdaysIlostse62Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews?Allwereadaboutisearthquake,floodanddeath.Tobehonest,I’msickofallthisbadnews.◆Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingis_________.A.honest B.sorry C.angry D.sadCWhyisn’tyournewspaper63鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)64一、請(qǐng)指出下面句子的主題句。1.Englishisclearlyaninternati