分詞-p1.包括現(xiàn)在分詞

分詞包括：現(xiàn)在分詞

過去分詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)變化主動形式形式現(xiàn)在分詞一般形式(not)

ng(not)

beingdone現(xiàn)在分詞完成形式(not)

having

done(not)

having

beendone過去分詞done

分詞及分詞短語作狀語可表示時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步、方式或伴隨狀態(tài)，既可放在句首也可以放在句末，通常用逗號與句字其它部分分開。特別要注意:分詞及其邏輯主語（即整個句子的主語）的一致性。如果分詞與邏輯主語的關(guān)系是主動關(guān)系，即分詞中的動作是邏輯主語自己主動做的，分詞用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果是關(guān)系，則用過去分詞。1.分詞做狀語a.時間狀語While

I

was

walking

down

the

street,

I

ran

intoSam.→Walking

down

the

street,

I

ran

intoSam.→While

walking

down

thestreet,

I

ran

into

Sam.before,

after,

when,

whenever,

while,

untilPractice:When

he

heard

the

news,

he

burst

into

crying.Hearing

the

news,

he

burst

into

crying.When

hearing

thenews,

heburstinto

crying.When

young

children

are

left

alone,

they

can

getthemselves

into

all

sorts

of

trouble

very

quickly.→

When

left

alone,

young

children

can

getthemselves

into

all

sorts

of

trouble

very

quickly.→

Left

alone,

young

children

can

get

themselves

intoall

sorts

of

trouble

very

quickly.Notice:（錯）While

crossing

the

street,

a

taxi

ran

over

thischild.（對）While

crossing

the

street,

this

child

was

runover

by

a

taxi.（對）While

this

child

was

crossing

the

street,

a

taxiran

over

him.Notice:完成式分詞可以表示該動作的時間是在謂語動詞所表示的動作以前或已持續(xù)了若干時間、重復(fù)了若干次；not或never用以表示否定，一般放在分詞之前Having

lived

long

in

London,

he

speaks

thestandard

south-of-England

English.Not

having

eaten

his

dinner,

he

rushed

out

of

thehouse.Having

failed

twice,

he

didn’t

want

to

tryagain.比較：Watchin

I

had

some

visitors.Having

watched

TV,

I

hadsomevisitors.Practice:1.

such

a

tool,

she

met

with

a

lot

of

difficultiesat

.A.

Not

having

handledC.

Having

handled

neverB.

Never

handlingD.

Never

handled2.

in

1636,

Harvard

is

one

of

themostfamousuniversities

in

the

United

States.A.Being

foundedFoundB.It

was

foundedD.

Founding3.辛苦工作了一整天，我昨天晚上覺得很累。Having

worked

hard

all

day,Iwas

very

tiredyesterday.b.條件狀語e.g.

If

the

supply

is

used

economically,

it

willlast

for

a

month.Used

economically,

the

supply

will

last

for

amonth.If

used

economically,

thesupply

will

last

for

amonth.e.g.

(If)

Working

hard,

you’ll

achieve

wonders.once

（一旦）/unless

（除非）Practice:

your

composition

carefully,

somespelling

mistakescan

be

avoided.A.

Having

checkedB.

CheckIf

you

check D.

To

check除非年輕時受訓(xùn)，沒人能成為好的音樂家。Nobody

can e

a

good

musician

unless

trained

young.c.

原因狀語e.g.

Because

he

was

seriously

ill,

he

was

sentto

hospital.Being

seriously

ill,

he

was

sent

to

hospital.Practice:由于買不起汽車，他買了一輛自行車。Being

unable

to

afford

a

car,

he

bought

a

bicycle.d.結(jié)果狀語e.g.

The

new

machineswill

work

twice

asfast,

thus

reducing

costs.比較：He

arrived

home

late,

only(find)

nobody

in.to

finde.

讓步狀語e.g.

Slapped

in

the

face

byher,

he

still

didn’thate

her.Though

slapped

in

the

face

by

her,

hedidn’t

hate

her.f.

方式和伴隨狀況e.g.

The

man

came

into

the

house

and

followed

histhree

dogs.The

mancame

into

the

house,

following

histhree

dogs.e.g.

The

man

came

into

the

house

and

was

followed

by

his

three

dogs.The

mancame

into

the

house,

followed

by

histhree

dogs.Practice:Hedied,

l_eav_in_g

(leave)nothingbutdebts.Hesatintheroom,

l_eft

(leave)alone.Notice:現(xiàn)在分詞go/come/sit/lie/stand

｛

過去分詞e.g.

They

came

into

the

room

talking

and

laughing.They

went

away

unnoticed.Practice:他們坐在

中講故事。They

sat

in

the

dark

ling

stories.那位老人站著被他的孩子們圍繞著。The

old

man

stood

surrounded

by

his

children.如果分詞的邏輯主語與句子中的主語不一致，只能用狀語從句或分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)If

weather

permits,we

shall

go

out

for

aMonday.（狀語從句）Weather

permitting,we

shall

go

out

for

aon

Monday.（獨立主格）ic

onicWhenthe

sun

had

set,we

arrived

at

a

smallvillage.（狀語從句）The

sun

having

set,

we

arrived

at

a

smallvillage.（獨立主格）All

the

money

spent,

we

started

looking

for

work.（

）Asthere

was

no

taxi,we

had

towalk.（狀語從句）There

being

no

taxi,

we

hadto

walk.（獨立主格）Practice:Thework

,

John

went

to

see

a

film.done

B.

ng C.to

be

done D.todoPractice:1.Unless

to

speak，you

should

remainsilent

at

the

conference.B.invitingD.

having

invited2.Though

money，his

parents

managed

tosendhim

to

university.A.

lackedB.lacking

ofD.

lacked

in—A.

invitedC.

being

invitedC—.

lacking3.

The

secretary

worked

late

into

the

night，

a

long

speech

for

theA.

toprepareC.prepared.—B.preparingD.

was

preparing4.

up

at

his

father,he

asked

what

was

thematter

with

him.A.

Having

looked B.

LookingC.

To

look D.

Look5.

your

head，andyou’llseethesun

now.—A—.

Raise;

risingB.Raise;

raisingD.Lift;

being

risenC.

To

raise;

risingThe

Olympic

Games，

in

776

B.C.，didnot

include

women

players

until

1912.playing B.tobe

playedC.

to

be

playingD.

played———7.When

her

father，the

girl

burst

out

crying.A.

asking

of` B.asked

aboutC.

being

asked

D.asked8.

Themankept

silent

intheroomunless

.A.

spoken

B.speaking C.to

speak D.spoken

to10.

“Can’t

you

read?”

Mary

said,

to

the

notice.B.and

point

angrilyD.and

angrily

pointing—A—.

angrily

pointingC.

angrily

pointed————9.Not

it

right，he

was

encouraged

to

try

again.A.

did

B.done C.to

do

—D—.having

done11.

European

football

is

played

in

80

countries，

it

themost

popular

sport

inthe

world.A.

making

B.makes C.

made D.to

make12.If

ill，I’ll

stay

home，

a

good

rest.A.

to

fall;

takingB.fall;

to

takingD.falling;

takeC.

falling;

taking13.

，the

boy

couldn’t

enter

his

house.A.

Since

the

keyhas

lost B.The

key

was

lostC.

Lost

thekey D.Having

lost

the

key——————14.Hesteppedintohisroom，only

alotofthings

.A.

finding;

robbedC.

found;

missed—B—.to

find;

stolenD.to

find;

robbed15.Whodoyouthink

him

angry?B.makeD.making—A—.

madeC.

to

make2.

分詞做定語having

done

不用做定語和補語done

不用做主語said d

buy

a

gift

for

herdaughterwiththe

.20

dollars

remained20

dollars

to

remainremained

20

dollarsremaining

20

dollarsa.

位置：只有一個分詞就放在被修飾詞之前(前置定語）；如果是分詞短語就放在被修飾詞之后（后置定語）e.g.

a

crying

boy

/

a

spoiled

boya

boy

standing

behind

me

a

boy

dressed

in

blackNotice:the

people

concerned

the

man

involved

(the

friends

invited)有關(guān)牽涉其中的人b.含義現(xiàn)在分詞作定語是表示主動的含義，即“使人或令人”如何如何e.g.

It

was

a

frightening

sound.或“正在”如何如何e.g.

It

is

dangerous

to

swim

in

running

water.e.g.

Do

you

know

the

man

coming

towards

us?=

the

manwho

is

coming或某個動作經(jīng)常發(fā)生或狀態(tài)一直存在=e.g.

The

book

belonging

to

me

was

missing.=

The

book

which

belonged

to

me

wasmissing.e.g.

Anyone

wanting

to

join

the

club

will

signhere.Anyone

who

wants

to

join

the

club

willsign

here.Notice:They

are

talking

about

the

accident

yesterday.B.

happeningD.

to

happenA.

happened—C—.

which

happened動作有先后一般不用現(xiàn)在分詞，而用定語從句過去分詞作定語是表示

或已經(jīng)的含義，即“被、感覺或已經(jīng)”如何如何；其中：及物動詞的過去分詞表示

的含義e.g.

The

frightened

child

hid

behind

the

door.The

damaged

automobile

was

sold

for

junk.=

The

automobile

which

was

damaged……不及物動詞的過去分詞只是表示“已經(jīng)成為……狀態(tài)”的含義e.g.

In

fall,

the

ground

is

often

covered

withfallen

leaves.=

……leaves

which

have

fallen.c.

區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別boiling

waterthe

drowning

manboiled

waterthe

drowned

manthe

developed

countrythe

develo

country現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞的區(qū)別slee

dogsslee

bags= dogs

which

are

slee=bags

which

are

usedfor

slee不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞做定語的區(qū)別1.

The

meeting

to

be

held_

(hold)

tomorrow

isunknown

tous.=

The

meeting

which

will

be

held

tomorrow

is=unknown

to

us.unknown

tous.2.

The

meeting

_being

held_

(hold)

now

is

unknown

tous.The

meeting

which

is

being

held

now

is=unknown

to

us.3.Themeeting

held

(hold)

yesterday

isunknown

tous.The

meeting

which

was

held

yesterday

is結(jié)論：不定式to

do做后置定語可以表示將要發(fā)生進行的事，的事，

用to

bedone現(xiàn)在分詞

ng做后置定語可以表示正在用being

done過去分詞done做后置定語可以表示已經(jīng)做完的事，而且是

的Practice:Thereisalotofworkfor

me

to

d_o

(do).Thereweremanyfans

wa_i_ti_ng

(wait)

outside.There

are

several

reference

books(leave)

for

you.l_eftPractice:1.

Mr.Smith，

ofthe

speech，started

to

read

a

novel.B.tiring;

boredD.tiring;

boring—A—.tired;

boringC.tired;

bored2.

Don’t

use

words，expressions，or

phrases

only

to

people

with

specificknowledge.A.

being

knownC.

to

be

knownB.

having

been

known—D—.

known3.

The

houses are

for

the

old

peopleand

the

construction

work

will

start

soon.A.

builtC.

to

build—B—.

to

be

builtD.

being

built4.

Prices

of

daily

goods through

acomputer

can

be

lower

than

store

prices.A.

are

boughtC.

buyingB.

been

bought—D—.

bought5.Manythings

impossible

in

thepast

are

very

common

today.B.

to

considerD.

being

consideredA.

considering—C—.

considered6.

The

youngest

daughter

got

angry

again.Motherfeltvery

and

father’sfaceworea

expression，too.B.puzzling;

puzzledD.puzzled;

puzzling—A—.

puzzled;

puzzledC.puzzling;

puzzling7.

He

devoted

himself

to

hel the

poor

andthesuffering,

usall.A.

to

move B.

movingC.

to

be

moved D.

moved8.Theoldlady,deeply

by

what

she

hadseen,

could

hardly

say

anything

at

themoment.A.

to

moveC.

to

be

movedB.

moving—D—.moved——9.

with

developed

countries,

Chinastill

has

a

long

way

to

go

in

thedevelopment

of

science

and

technology.B.

To

compareD.

CompareA.

Comparing—C—.

Compared10.

your

essay

with

his,

I

found

yourswas

more

instructive.A.

Compared B.

If

tocompareC.

After

compared

—D—.

When

comparing3.分詞做表語e.g.

If

a

story

is

interesting,

you

are

interested

when

you

read

it.e.g.

Why

do

you

look

confused

/

puzzled?

Isthe

math

problem

confusing

/

puzzling?e.g.

He

seems

exhausted.vt.

satisfy

/

excite

/

disappoint

/

worry

/frighten

/

amusetire

/

bore

/surprise

/

astonish

/

shock

/

amaze4.

分詞做賓語補足語a.表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞，比如：hear,listen

to,see,

look

at,

watch,

notice,observe,

feel,

find,

smell等之后接賓語和動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示動作正在進行的時候，偶然被看到或聽到等等，換言之，用現(xiàn)在分詞是表示看到、聽到、感到或發(fā)現(xiàn)的時候，動作正在進行之中。e.g.

Could

you

smell

anything

burning?e.g.

I

can

feel

the

house

shaking

now.c.p.Last

night

when

I

passed

her

room,

Iheard

her

singing.動作的一個片段，還沒有結(jié)束/正在發(fā)生I

never

heard

her

speak

English.事情的全過程，已經(jīng)結(jié)束，強調(diào)結(jié)果e.g.

I

never

heard

him

spoken

ill

of.（我從來未聽過有人說他的壞話。）e.g.

Yesterday

I

saw

John

beaten

by

hisfather.強調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成，與賓語之間的關(guān)系為關(guān)系Practice:1.

Don’t

bother

me.

I’m

listening

to

the

birds

.A.

tosingC.

to

singing—B—.

singingD.

sung2.

Has

he

ever

been

seen

_to

dance

(dance)?When

passing

the

room,

he

was

heard

crying

(cry).John

was

seen

b_ea_ten

(beat)

by

hisfather.b.一些表示“致使、使得”等意義的動詞，如：have,

set,leave,

get,

want,make,

keep等也有類似用法e.g.

He

entered

,

and

left

mestandingoutside.（他先進去了，把我留在外面站著。）e.g.

He

often

left

the

work

half

done.（他時常把工作只做了一半就丟下了。）c.p.1.Theywantthejob

by of

thisyear,whichweconsider

impossible.A.

to

have

been

done…to

be—B.—done…to

beC.

done…beingD.

being

done…/want

to

dowant

ngwant

O.

to

dowant

O.

done（主語）想要做某事（主語）需要被……想要……做某事想要……被做……B.

have

it

doneD.

having

it

donePlease

hurry

him

up!

We

hardly

have

anytime

.A.

to

go

—B—.

left C.

to

leave D.

leavingA

computer

does

only

what

thinking

people

.—A—.

have

itdoC.

have

done

ithave

sb.

do

sth.have

O. ng

sth.①一段時間里面使……一直做某事e.g.

He

had

us

laughing

all

through

the

meal.（整個的那頓飯，他使他們大笑不已。）②“won’t/can’t

have+sb.+ ng”是表示“不允許或

”的含義e.g.

I

won’t

have

you

saying

such

thingsabout

him.（我不允許你說他這種事情。）have

sth.

done

/

get

sth.

done①主語叫別人或雇人做某事，且對賓語來說是

的e.g.

盡快叫人將傷員送去醫(yī)院。Get

(or

Have

)

the

wounded

men

taken

tohospital

as

quickly

as

you

can.②敘述意外的、不幸的事情，并非主語叫他人所為e.g.

He

had

(or

got)

his

house

burnt

inthe

late

fire.（他的房子在最近一次火災(zāi)

掉了。）4.Sheshouldgether

eyes

.A.

to

be

testedC.

to

have

been

testedB.

being

tested—D—.testedget

sb.

to

doget

O.

ngget

sth.

done使

做某事I’ll

try

to

get

the

car

going.Notice:比較：①

I’m

sorry

to

have

kept

you

waiting.Please

keep

your

eyes

fixed

on

your

books.②

I

could

not

make

them

understand

me.I

could

not

make

myself

understood.make

O.

ng (錯）catch

sb.

ng

撞見/

抓住

正做…壞事e.g.

If

she

catches

you

reading

her

diary,s be

furious.5.

She

was

still

fast

asleep,

with

her

head

deep

into

her

arms.A.

bury B.

to

buryC.

burying D.

buried

with+賓語+分詞（做賓語補足語）表示謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生時伴隨著的情況；介詞with后面的賓語也就是分詞所表動作的邏輯主語。用-ing分詞表示邏輯主語是主動做某事；用-ed分詞表示

。without也有類似用法?！狿ractice

1:Bequiet.Ican’thear

with

you

(talk)

so

loud.Therehewas

lyingwithhiseyes

(open)

.He

went

angrily

away

,

without