楊浦區(qū)2020學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期高三模擬質(zhì)量調(diào)研高三年級(jí)英語學(xué)科試卷

楊浦區(qū)2020學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期高三模擬質(zhì)量調(diào)研

高三年級(jí)英語學(xué)科試卷考生注意：.考試時(shí)間120分鐘，試卷滿分140分。.本次考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。.務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)和姓名，并將核對(duì)后的條形碼貼在指定位置上。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard..【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Wherearethetwospeakers?A.Inarestaurant. B.Onafarm. C.Onaplane. D.Inacafeteria.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Doyouservevegetarianmeals?M:I’msorry,Sir.Vegetarianmealsneedtoberequestedatleastadaybeforeyourflight.Q:Wherearethetwospeakers?.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatwillthetwospeakersprobablydoafterclass?A.EatatthenewBurgerplace. B.Spendtimeatadanceclub.C.Signupforatraditionaldanceclass.【答案】C.Signupforatraditionaldanceclass.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W：HangingoutatthenewBurgerplaceafterclasssoundsboring.Whydon'tyoucomewithmetomytraditionaldanceclub?M：Thenit’sadeal.Q:Whatwillthetwospeakersprobablydoafterclass?.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhenwillRynebeoutofthehospital?A.ThisFriday. B.ThisSaturday. C.NextMonday. D.NextSunday.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:RynescheduledhiskneesurgeryforthisFriday.HeexpectstobeinthehospitaltillnextMonday.M:Inthatcase,maybewecouldgoandseehimsometimeonSaturday.Q:WhenwillRynebeoutofthehospital?.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whydoesthewomanwanttoputtheirorderstogether?Theycanbuyactionfiguresonsale.Theycansharethedeliverycost.Theycanorderthingstogether.Theysharesimilarinterestincartoons.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M：I'mwaitingforsomeactionfiguresfromJapan.W:NexttimeyouordersomethingfromJapan,letmeknow.Wecanputourorderstogethertosaveonthedeliverycost.Q:Whydoesthewomanwanttoputtheirorderstogether?.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Theycan’taffordthelaptop. B.Thelaptopisn’ttherightmodel.C.Theirdaughtersaretoospoiled. D.Buyinglaptopsisunnecessary.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:Look,Bill.Theyhavelaptopsforkids.Shouldwespoilourdaughters?M:Tammy!Yousaidyouweregoingtowatchwhatwespend.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?Thevideomeetingwasunsuccessful.Heenjoyedeveryminuteofthemeeting.Thevideomeetingwascancelled.Freezingweatheraffectedattendance.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Howdidyesterday'sonlinevideomeetinggo?M:Itwasabitofadisasterasmycomputerscreensuddenlyfroze.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?7.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhydidMillyleavethebasketballteam?Hiscoachdidn’tlikehisattitudetowardstraining.Hewasratedtheworstplayerontheteam.Hisacademicperformancewasnotsatisfactory.Hewassufferingfromaseriousbackinjury.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Iheardyouleftthebasketballteam,Milly.Howcome?Wasitaninjury?M:No.Itwasmygrades.Thecoachwon’tletmebackontheteamunlessIimproveenough.Q:WhydidMillyleavethebasketballteam?.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?Themanwillreceiveaprizeattheyear-endparty.Themanhasgoodqualitiesforbeingapartyhost.Themanhasneverhostedapartybefore.Themanisnervousaboutbeingapartyhost.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:Theyear-endpartyisaroundthecorner.Aren'tyouexcitedabouthostingthepartyandawardingtheprizes?M:Actually,I’mmorenervousthanrelaxed.Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?HelackstheopportunitytosingKaraoke.Hewillpracticesingingafterwork.Heisn’tconfidentaboutsinging.Heisenthusiasticaboutwork.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Neil,doyouknowwearegoingtodovirtualKaraoketonightafterwork?M:That’swhyI’mpracticingmysinging.WhatIlackinability,Imakeupforinenthusiasm.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanimply?Sheneedstoimproveherfitnessbeforeit’stoolate.Sheshouldn’thaverunallthewaytotheoffice.Hewillmonitorherfitnesstrainingfromnowon.Hewillwakeheruptodoexercisetogether.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Iranallthewayfromthestationtotheoffice.Iambreathless.M:Ithinkitisawake-upcallforyoutodosomemoreexercise.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.聽下面一段獨(dú)白,回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhoarethetargetcustomersofbottlesofairdevelopedbyMyBaggage?A.UKresidentslivingoverseas. B.UKresidentsstuckathome.C.Peoplelivingfarawayfromhome. D.EmployeesfromMyBaggage.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthebottlesofair?Thebottlesaremadefromrecyclablematerials.TheaircomesfromthefourUKcountries.OnlyairfeaturingLondonUndergroundisavailable.Thebottlesaredesignedforone-timeuse.WhatisthescientificbasisforMyBaggage’snewproduct?Humansdon’tlikeadaptingtonewsurroundings.Freshairisbeneficialtoemotionalwell-being.Humansenseislinkedwithchildhoodmemories.Smellcanbringaboutemotionalmemories.【答案】11.A12.B13.D【解析】【原文】Duetoever-changingCovid-19travelrestrictions,manypeoplearoundtheworldhavefoundthemselvesstuckfarawayfromhomethisyear.AcompanyMyBaggagehasdreamedupaspecialgiftforhomesickresidents.Thecompanyiscurrentlysellingbottlesof"genuine"airfromEngland,Scotland,WalesandNorthernIrelandtoprovideUKresidentsoverseaswiththesmellofhome.Pricedat￡25,thebottlecomeswithaflexiblelid,sotherecipientcankeepopeningitupandtakinginthesmellwhenevertheyneedastimulus.AsidefromthefourUKcountries,thecompanycanalsotakeonspecialrequestsforanyotherspecificUKlocations.Forexample,they'verecentlyfulfilledanorderfromaWelshmanwhorequestedasampleofairfromthemountainousregionofSnowdoniainnorthwesternWales.Meanwhile,speciallimitededitionbottlesfeaturingairtakenfromtheLondonUndergroundarealsoavailable.TheteamatMyBaggagesaytheywereinspiredtolaunchthebottledairrangeafterconductingresearchthatlinkedthehumansenseofsmellwithemotionalmemories.TheywantedtohelpUKresidentseasehomesicknessandsettleintotheirnewlifebyallowingthemtotakeadeepbreathoftheairfromtheirhomecountry.QuestionsWhoarethetargetcustomersofbottlesofairdevelopedbyMyBaggage?Whatcanbelearnedaboutthebottlesofair?WhatisthescientificbasisforMyBaggage’snewproduct?聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】HowdoestheITindustrycontributetoclimatechange?Byconsuminghugeamountsofelectricity.Byreleasingenormousamountsofdata.BycausingjammedtrafficontheInternet.Bypushingpeopletochangedevices.WhatistheinspiringnewsaboutsomeInternetcompanies?Theyhaveinvestedinthecloudingsystem.Theyareswitchingtotherenewableenergy.Theyarebuildinglargesolarfarms.Theyhavestoppedusingdatacenters.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?Whatitmeanstogogreeninourlife.Howdatacenterscanbemadesustainable.Whydigitaltechnologyisnotsustainable.DWhichpersonalactivitiescausedigitalpollution.【答案】14.A15.B16.C【解析】【原文】Whenitcomestogoinggreen,mostpeoplethinktheanswersaretobefoundinnewtechnologies,oftenonesthatrelyontheInternetandtheever-growingdigitaleconomy.Butexactlyhowsustainableisourdigitallife?BehindeveryGooglesearchorYouTubeview,therearedatacenters.Thesecentersaretaskedwithcollecting,storing,processing,distributing,andallowingaccesstolargeamountsofdata.Unfortunately,theyconsumeenormousamountsofenergyandarebigproducersofCO.Thebiggestcenters,whichcancovermorethanamillionsquarefeet,useasmuchpowerasacitywithapopulationofonemillionpeople.Infact,theyconsume2%—3%oftheworld’selectricityandreleaseasmuchCO2astheairlineindustry.AccordingtoaGreenpeacereport,theglobalITindustrywouldrankbehindonlyChinaandtheUSastopcontributorstoclimatechange.Ourpersonalactionsalsocontributetotheproblem.Themajorityofthetrafficthatgoesthroughthemisduetovideostreaming,likewatchingvideoclipsorstreamingshows.Additionally,theratethatpeoplecyclethroughdevices,likelaptopsandsmartphones,isclimbingaspeopletrytokeepupwiththelatesttechnology.Sowhat’sthesolution?Likeallothereffortstogogreen,cleanenergyisthemainanswer.Luckily,Internetcompaniesarealreadymakingabigpushformorerenewableenergysources.Amajorcloudgiant,Switch,hasannouncedplanstobuildalargesolar-poweredcenter,andotherdatacompaniesaresigningontogetpowerfromwindandsolarfarms.Questions：HowdoestheITindustrycontributetoclimatechange?WhatistheinspiringnewsaboutsomeInternetcompanies?Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話,回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhatmakesJasonsoworried?Heisresponsiblefororganizingaclassmeeting.Heneedstocompleteanannualreportbytheweekend.Heisunderpressuretohandinatravelplan.Heisinchargeofplanningtheclasstrip.Whydoesn’tJasonthinkthetriptotheeastcoastagoodidea?Thecostofthetripistoohigh.Thejourneyistootiring.Hisclassmatesarephysicallyunfittogothere.Hisclassmatesarereluctanttogothatfar.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthemountainresort?A.Itisabittoughtogetto. B.Ithassmalltentsforrent.C.Itoffersseasonaldiscount. D.Itsnaturalsceneryisbeautiful.HowdoesEmilyfeelaboutthetriptothemountainresort?A.Relaxed. B.Puzzled. C.Excited. D.Worried.【答案】17.D18.A19.D20.C【解析】【原文】W:Hi,Jason,youlookbusythismorning.Whatareyouupto?M:Oh,Emily,youdidn'thear?I’mresponsibleforplanningtheclass’annualtrip.W:That’scool.Wherearewegoingthisyear?M:Idon’tknow.I’munderpressuretogeteverythingsortedfast,though.I'mnotsureIcanhandlethetask.W:Don’tworry.Icanhelpyoucomeupwithideas.M:Really?Youdon’tmind?Ineedtoprepareaplanbytheendoftheweek.W:Whataboutatriptotheeastcoa,st?Thebeachesarereallynice.M:That’soutofthequestion.Wedon’thavesufficientfundstogothatfar.W:Well,howaboutwearrangeagrouptriptothemountains?M:Hmm,thatcouldbefun.Let’slookforafewgoodspotsandthencomparenotes.W:I’vefoundsomegreatcampsites,buttheymightbeabittoughtogetto.M:Somepeoplearen’tinthebestshapeandIdon’tthinkeveryonewantstostayinatent.W:Yeah.That’sreasonable.Iknowanicemountainresortwithsomesmallcabinsforrent.M:Thatlooksnice.Thatwaywecouldstillarrangeacampfire,andpeoplewillhavewarmbedstosleepin..W:Also,therearesomenicetracksandwaterfallsnearthecabins.M:Thesephotoslookreallynice.Doyouthinkthebudgetwillcoverit?W:Icheckedprices,andit’saboutthesameasthehotelwebookedlastyear.Plus,Isawanoteaboutgroupdiscountsonthewebsite.M:That'sgreat.I’llgivethemacallrightawaytoseewhatIcanorganize.W:Ihaven’tbeentothemountainsinquiteawhile.I'mlookingforwardtothetrip.M:Metoo.Questions:WhatmakesJasonsoworried?Whydoesn’tJasonthinkthetriptotheeastcoastagoodidea?Whatcanbelearnedaboutthemountainresort?HowdoesEmilyfeelaboutthetriptothemountainresort?II.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.UnderstandingtheCloseness-CommunicationBias（偏見）Mostofusassumethatwecommunicatebetterwithourfriendsandlovedonesthanwedowithstrangers.However,itisoftenthecasethatthecloserweareto21 ,thelesslikelywearetolistencarefullytothem.Thisphenomenoniscalledcloseness-communicationbias,andithasbeenknowntoaffectpersonalrelationships.Thereason22manypeopleunconsciously“tuneout”theirfamilymembersorclosefriendsisthattheythinktheyalreadyknowwhattheotherperson23(say).It'ssimilartothewayinwhichyoumightnotnoticesigns,landmarks,orsceneryonapathyouhavetravelleddownnumeroustimes.Researchershaverepeatedlydemonstratedcloseness-communicationbiasinexperiments.Inonesuchstudy,subjectswerepairedupinaroomwithfriendsorspouses,24(follow)bybeingpairedupwithcompletestrangers.Researchersthenaskedthesubjectstointerpret25theirfriendsandspousesweresayingtothem.Inthemajorityofcases,26mostsubjectsassumedtheywouldbetterunderstandthosetheywerecloseto,theyactuallyunderstoodthemnobetterthanstrangers.Insomecases,theyunderstoodtheirclosefriendsandspousesevenless.Anotherstudyshowedthatpeoplearemorelikelytosharetheirmostworrisometroubleswithpeopletheywere27(close)toratherthanwiththeirspousesorclosefriends.Bysharingsecretswithstrangers,peopleareabletoavoid28(judge)andpreventcreatingunnecessaryconflictwithintheircloserelationships.Unfortunately,thecloseness-communicationbiasisarealitythatmostpeoplelive29whethertheyknowitornot.Notonly30thispreventpeoplefromlisteningtothosetheylove,butitalsomeanstheirlovedonesaren'tlisteningtothem,either.【答案】21.somebody22.why23.isgoingto/willsayfollowedwhat26.whilelessclosebeingjudgedwith30.does【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了日常生活中，我們?cè)浇咏橙?，我們就越不可能仔?xì)傾聽他們的話的這種現(xiàn)象及這種現(xiàn)象導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。【詳解】1.考查不定代詞。句意：然而，通常的情況是，我們?cè)浇咏橙?，我們就越不可能仔?xì)傾聽他們的話。根據(jù)前文“Mostofusassumethatwecommunicatebetterwithourfriendsandlovedonesthanwedowithstrangers.”（我們大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為我們與朋友和愛人的溝通，比與陌生人的溝通更好。）可知，此處指我們?cè)浇咏硞€(gè)人，所以用不定代詞somebody,故填somebody。2.考查定語從句。句意：許多人之所以無意識(shí)地“排斥”他們的家庭成員或親密的朋友，是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為自己已經(jīng)知道對(duì)方會(huì)說什么。固定句式Thereasonwhy...isthat...，意為“……的原因就是”句中why引導(dǎo)的為定語從句，故填why。.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意同上。根據(jù)前文“theyalreadyknowwhattheotherperson”可知此處指他們已經(jīng)知道對(duì)方將要說什么。結(jié)合句意，此處用一般將來時(shí)。所以用isgoingto/willsay。.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：在其中一項(xiàng)研究中，研究對(duì)象與朋友或配偶在一個(gè)房間里配對(duì)，然后與完全陌生的人配對(duì)。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處在句中作狀語。句子主語subjects和動(dòng)詞follow為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以follow要用過去分詞形式，故填followed..考查賓語從句。句意：然后，研究人員要求受試者解釋他們的朋友和配偶對(duì)他們說的話。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處及之后內(nèi)容為賓語從句，設(shè)空處在從句中缺賓語，所以用連接代詞what。故填what。.考查讓步狀語從句。句意：雖然大多數(shù)受試者認(rèn)為他們能更好地理解他們親近的人，但實(shí)際上他們的理解并不比陌生人好。根據(jù)下文“theyactuallyunderstoodthemnobetterthanstrangers."，可知此處表示讓步，表示“盡管”含義，所以用while。故填while。.考查比較級(jí)。句意：另一項(xiàng)研究表明，人們更傾向于把自己最煩惱的煩惱告訴那些不太親近的人，而不是告訴他們的配偶或親密的朋友。根據(jù)下文'ratherthanwiththeirspousesorclosefriends”可知，此處指告訴那些不太親近的人，所以用lessclose，故填lessclose。.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：通過與陌生人分享秘密，人們能夠避免被評(píng)判，避免在親密關(guān)系中制造不必要的沖突。短語avoiddoingsth.，意為“避免做某事”，分析可知，句子主語people和judge為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以judge要用被動(dòng)。故填beingjudged。.考查介詞。句意：不幸的是，親密溝通偏見，是大多數(shù)人要接受的現(xiàn)實(shí)，不管他們是否知道。短語livewith，意為“接受，忍受”，分析句子可知，本句中that從句為定語從句，修飾先行詞reality，此處指接受現(xiàn)實(shí)。故填with。.考查部分倒裝。句意：這不僅阻礙了人們傾聽他們所愛的人話，也意味著他們所愛的人也不聽他們的。notonly位于句首時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝。結(jié)合本句中butitalsomeans，可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，同時(shí)主語this為單三形式，所以部分倒裝用助動(dòng)詞does，故填does。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.lostB.edgesC.sizeD.stretchedE.respectivelyF.limitG.reasonH.attemptingI.interestsJ.missingK.secretlyNewton’sNotesonEgypt’sPyramidsSellfor378,000HandwrittennotesbytheEnglishscientistSirlsaacNewtonweresoldataSotheby’sLondonauctionon7December,fetching€378,000.Thethreepagesofnotes,whichdatefromthe1680s,showNewton31toworkoutthestructureandexactmeasurementsofancientEgyptianpyramids.Thenotesareburntaroundthe32 ,whichisthoughttobetheresultofNewton'sdogjumpinguponthetableandknockingoveracandle.Newton,wholivedfrom1642to1727,ismostfamousfordiscoveringthelawsofgravity.However,amonghismanyother33 ,hewantedtoworkoutthedateandtimingsoftheApocalypse（末世）.HethoughtthatthekeytothisknowledgemightbeintheancientpyramidsatGiza,Egypt.Bystudyingthe34ofindividualbricks,thelengthoftunnelsandtheheightofchambers,NewtonthoughthewouldbeabletoworkoutthesecretsofthepyramidsandthereforeunpickmysteriesofApocalypse,too.Newtonalsothoughtstudyingthepyramidscouldhelphimtoworkoutthecircumference（周長(zhǎng)）oftheEarth-a 35pieceinhisworkongravity.Atthetime,severalpeoplebelievedthattheancientEgyptianshadaccesstoimportantknowledgeandsecretsthatwere36whentheircivilisationended.Thisbeliefwascentraltothestudyofalchemy（煉金術(shù)）.AlthoughNewtonwasveryinterestedinalchemy,hekeptthishiddenbecausehethoughtitwould37hiscareer.HewasknownasanEnlightenmentscientist.However,Newton38showedmoreinterestinalchemythaninscienceandmaths.In1936,asaleofNewton’spaperworkatSotheby’sauctionhouserevealedhowfarhisresearchandinterestinalchemy39 .JohnMaynardKeynes,aneconomist,boughtsomeofthosepapers.HesaidthatNewtonwas“notthefirstoftheageof40,hewasthelastofthemagicians”.Thenotesthatsoldon7Decemberarethoughttobepartofthesamebodyofwork.【答案】31.H32.BTOC\o"1-5"\h\z33.I 34.C35.J 36.A37.F 38.K39.D 40.G【解析】【分析】本文是新聞報(bào)道。文章講述了牛頓關(guān)于埃及金字塔的筆記被拍賣，售價(jià)為37.8萬歐元，并講述了牛頓對(duì)煉金術(shù)的興趣，以及筆記的可能的來源。【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：這三頁的筆記可以追溯到17世紀(jì)80年代，顯示了牛頓試圖計(jì)算出古埃及金字塔的結(jié)構(gòu)和精確測(cè)量結(jié)果。根據(jù)下文“toworkoutthestructureandexactmeasurementsofancientEgyptianpyramids”可知，筆記是牛頓嘗試計(jì)算古埃及金字塔的結(jié)構(gòu)和精確測(cè)量方法記下的，attempt“嘗試”符合句意，故選H。【32題詳解】考查名詞。句意：筆記被燒的只有邊緣，這被認(rèn)為是牛頓的狗跳上了桌子并且撞到了蠟燭的結(jié)果。根據(jù)下文“whichisthoughttobetheresultofNewton'sdogjumpinguponthetableandknockingoveracandle.”可知，牛頓的狗跳到桌子上撞到了蠟燭，引起了火災(zāi)，筆記被燒得只剩邊緣，冠詞修飾名詞，edge“邊緣”符合語境，根據(jù)句意用復(fù)數(shù)，故選B。【33題詳解】考查名詞。句意：然而，在他的許多其他興趣中，他還想計(jì)算出末世的日期和時(shí)間安排。根據(jù)上文“Newton,wholivedfrom1642to1727,ismostfamousfordiscoveringthelawsofgravity.可知，牛頓以發(fā)現(xiàn)了萬有引力最出名，空格處填名詞作介詞賓語，故interest“興趣”符合句意，且由many修飾，用復(fù)數(shù)，故選I。【34題詳解】考查名詞。句意：通過研究單塊磚的大小、隧道的長(zhǎng)度和房間的高度，牛頓認(rèn)為他將能夠找出金字塔的秘密，因此也解開了啟示錄的奧秘。定冠詞修飾名詞，由下文的“l(fā)ength”“height”可推斷，size“大?。怀叽纭狈暇湟?，故選C?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：牛頓還認(rèn)為研究金字塔可以幫助他計(jì)算出地球的周長(zhǎng)——這是他的引力研究中缺少的一部分。分析句子可知，空格處缺少形容詞作定語，根據(jù)句意，missing“缺少的”符合，故選J?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)時(shí)，有幾個(gè)人認(rèn)為古埃及人可以接觸到他們的文明結(jié)束時(shí)失去的重要知識(shí)和秘密。分析句子可知，空格處填動(dòng)詞作謂語，lose“失去”符合句意，that引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代knowledgeandsecret，與lose是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，空格前有were，故填lost，故選A?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：雖然牛頓對(duì)煉金術(shù)很感興趣，但他把這個(gè)秘密隱藏起來，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為這會(huì)限制他的職業(yè)生涯。分析句子可知空格處填動(dòng)詞作謂語，limit“限制”符合句意，空格前有would，故接動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成過去將來時(shí)，故選F。【38題詳解】考查副詞。句意：然而，背地里牛頓對(duì)煉金術(shù)比對(duì)科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)更感興趣。根據(jù)句意，secretly“秘密地；背地里”符合句意，副詞作狀語，故選K?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：1936年，牛頓在蘇富比拍賣行出售了一件文件，揭示了他對(duì)煉金術(shù)的研究和興趣延伸了多遠(yuǎn)。分析句子可知，空格處是賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞，stretch“延伸”符合句意，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語in1936可知，用一般過去時(shí)，故選D?！?0題詳解】考查名詞。句意：他說牛頓“不是理性時(shí)代的第一個(gè)，他是最后的魔術(shù)師”。介詞后接名詞作賓語，reason“理性”符合句意，故選G。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.ThievingMonkeys—NameYourPriceHumanbeingsarenottheonlyspeciesabletonegotiateadeal.IfyouvisitUluwatutempleinBali,becareful.Thelong-tailedmacaques（獼猴）therearewell-knownthieves.Theymakealivingby41visitorsoftheirpossessionsandthenholdingthoseobjectsuntilapaymentintheformoffoodispaid.Thatisquiteclever.ButprofessorJean-BaptisteLecawonderedwhetherthesemonkeysareclevererstill.Sometimes,theydonotacceptthefirst42andholdoutformore.Hethereforeaskedhimselfwhethermacaquesareableto43howvaluableanobjectistoitsowner,andfactorthatintotheirnegotiations.ProfessorLecaandhiscolleaguesconductedtheirexperimentbywanderingaroundthetemplewithvideocameras,recordingtheactivitiesofthemonkeys.Everytimetheysawamonkeyshowinterestina44tourist,theyrecordedtheinteraction.Notallattemptsatrobberyweresuccessful.Butofthosethatwere,theyanalysedthe45ofalmost2,200.Toworkoutwhatwasgoingon,theyhadfirsttoestablishthe46valuesoffoodrewardstomonkeys,andofstealableobjectstopeople.Thetemplestaffkeepthreesortsofrewardavailableforuseinnegotiations47touristswhowanttogettheirpropertyback:raweggs,biscuitsandsmallbagsoffruit.Differentmonkeyshavedifferent48 ,butprofessorLecaestablishedthesefor49animalsbyofferingthemchoicesbetweenpairsoftreatsinaninitialexperiment.Toconfirmwhichstealableobjectsaremost50bypeople,theydividedthemintosixclasses:emptycontainers,suchasphonecasesandcamerabags;accessoriessuchaskeyrings;hatsandheadgear;shoes;spectaclesandsunglasses;andelectronicsandwallets.Theythenobserved,fromthevideorecordings,howoftenvictims51tobargainwiththethiefforthereturnofpropertybelongingtodifferentclasses,and52classifiedobjectsintolowvalue(thefirsttwoclassesonthelist),mediumvalue(thesecondtwo)andhighvalue(thethirdtwo).Theyfoundthatmonkeysdohaveagoodsenseofwhattheyaredoing—53,adultsandsub-adultsdo.Theseanimalshaveapreferenceforstealinghigh-valueitems,andwilloftenholdouteitherformorerewards,orforbetterones,iftheyareinpossessionofsuchitems.Butthisissomethingthattheyhavetolearnhowtodoastheygrowup.Youngonesmakenosuch54,andsub-adultsarelessgoodatdoingsothanadults.Inmonkeys,asinpeople,guile(狡猾)isnotatrickthatisinborn.Ithastobe55.A.warning B.robbing C.reminding D.clearingB.dishC.offerD.preyB.dishC.offerD.prey43.A.assignB.assistC.assureD.assess44.A.particularprogressiveB.principalC.peculiarD.45.A.impactsB.detailsC.attacksD.motions46.A.preciseB.scientificC.optionalD.relative47.A.inspiteofofB.inhonorofC.withregardtoD.onbehalf48.A.preferencespredictionsB.potentialsC.performancesD.49.A.individualcooperativeB.independentC.collectiveD.50.A.identifiedB.valuedC.exchangedD.rewarded51.A.refusedB.managedC.botheredD.happened52.A.insteadB.otherwiseC.thusD.meanwhile53.A.inpracticeB.atleastC.inallD.atlength54.A.differencesB.distinctionsC.distributionsD.demands55.A.acquiredB.reversedC.managedD.informed【答案】41.B42.C50.B51.C52.C【解析】43.D 44.A53.B 54.B45.B55.A46.D47.D48.A49.A【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章援引研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，成年猴子的偷竊行為和與受害者的討價(jià)還價(jià)并獲得高回報(bào)的行為是后天習(xí)得的?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們以搶劫來訪者的財(cái)物為生，然后持有這些物品，直到r人們以食物的形式支付報(bào)酬。A.warning警告；B.robbing搶劫；C.reminding提醒；D.clearing清理。根據(jù)前文“Thelong-tailedmacaques（獼猴）therearewell-knownthieves”以及后文“Notallattemptsatrobberyweresuccessful.”可知，他們搶劫來訪者的財(cái)物。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有時(shí)，他們不接受第一次提供（的食物），堅(jiān)持要求更多。A.deposit押金；B.dish菜碟；C.offer提供；D.prey捕食（習(xí)性）。根據(jù)上文“Theymakealivingby1visitorsoftheirpossessionsandthenholdingthoseobjectsuntilapaymentintheformoffoodispaid.”可知，猴子們有時(shí)不接受第一次提供的食物。故選C項(xiàng)。43題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，他問自己，獼猴是否能夠評(píng)估一件物品對(duì)其主人的價(jià)值，并將其考慮到談判中。A.assign分配；B.assist協(xié)助；C.assure保證；D.assess評(píng)估。根據(jù)本句中“卜。亞valuableanobjectistoitsowner,andfactorthatintotheirnegotiations.”以及后文“Theseanimalshaveapreferenceforstealinghigh-valueitems,andwilloftenholdouteitherformorerewards,orforbetterones,iftheyareinpossessionofsuchitems”.可以判斷，這是看猴子們能否評(píng)估物品的價(jià)值。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：每當(dāng)他們看到猴子對(duì)某個(gè)特定的游客表現(xiàn)出興趣，他們就會(huì)記錄下互動(dòng)過程。A.particular特指的；B.principal最重要的；C.peculiar怪異的；D.progressive進(jìn)步的。根據(jù)常識(shí)及前文中“showinterest”可知，猴子要選準(zhǔn)一個(gè)特定的（感興趣的）游客進(jìn)行搶劫。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但其中，他們分析了近2200個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。A.impacts巨大影響；B.details細(xì)節(jié)；C.attacks攻擊；D.motions運(yùn)動(dòng)。根據(jù)常識(shí)及句中“Butofthosethatwere”和具體數(shù)字“2200”以及下一段“ToworkoutwhatwasgoingOn等內(nèi)容可知，他們?yōu)榱伺迨窃趺椿厥拢治隽?200個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：為了弄清楚到底是怎么回事，他們首先要確定猴子獲得食物獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的相對(duì)價(jià)值，以及人類可偷物品的相對(duì)價(jià)值。A.precise精確的B.scientific科學(xué)的；C.optional可選擇的；D.relative相對(duì)的。猴子確定的食物獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)以及所偷物品的價(jià)值是根據(jù)不同的需要而決定的，所以是相對(duì)的。故選D項(xiàng)。【47題詳解】考查固定（介詞）短語詞義辨析。句意：寺廟工作人員有三種獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)可供游客在談判中使用：生雞蛋、餅干和小袋水果。A.inspiteof盡管；B.inhonorof為了紀(jì)念；C.withregardto關(guān)于；D.onbehalfof代表某人，為了某人。根據(jù)句意可知，提供給猴子的食物并不是被偷游客自己提供的，而是由寺廟工作人員為他們提供的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：不同的猴子有不同的偏好，但在最初的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，Leca教授通過讓猴子在兩組食物中進(jìn)行選擇，為單個(gè)動(dòng)物確立了這些偏好。A.preferences偏好；B.potentials潛力；C.performances表演；D.predictions預(yù)言。根據(jù)本句中“butprofessorLecaestablishedthesefor9animalsbyofferingthemchoicesbetweenpairsoftreatsinaninitialexperiment”可知，不同的猴子有不同的偏好。后文“Theseanimalshaveapreferenceforstealinghigh-valueitems,andwilloftenholdouteitherformorerewards,orforbetterones,iftheyareinpossessionofsuchitems.”可以驗(yàn)證答案。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：不同的猴子有不同的偏好，但在最初的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，Leca教授通過讓猴子在兩組食物中進(jìn)行選擇，為單個(gè)動(dòng)物確立了這些偏好。A.individual單個(gè)的，個(gè)別的；B.independent獨(dú)立的；C.collective集體的；D.cooperative合作的。基于前文的分析可知，猴子們的表現(xiàn)是不同的，所以要對(duì)單個(gè)的猴子進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，才能有所區(qū)別。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：為了確定哪些偷竊物品最受猴子們重視，他們將偷竊物品分為六大類：空容器，如手機(jī)套和相機(jī)袋；鑰匙圈等配件；帽子和頭飾；鞋子；眼鏡和太陽鏡；還有電子產(chǎn)品和錢包。A.identified識(shí)別；B.valued重視，珍視；C.exchanged交換；D.rewarded獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。根據(jù)后文“theydividedthemintosixclasses:emptycontainers,suchasphonecasesandcamerabags;accessoriessuchaskeyrings;hatsandheadgear;shoes;spectaclesandsunglasses;andelectronicsandwallets.”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)中，為了確定哪些物品受猴子們重視。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，他們從錄像中觀察受害者為歸還屬于不同類別的財(cái)物而花費(fèi)時(shí)間和精力與竊賊討價(jià)還價(jià)的頻率，從而將物品分為低價(jià)值（清單上的前兩類）、中價(jià)值（后兩類）和高價(jià)值（第三類）。A.refused拒絕；B.managed管理；C.bothered打擾，花費(fèi)時(shí)間和精力（做某事）；D.happened發(fā)生。根據(jù)常識(shí)以及后文“tobargainwiththethiefforthereturnofpropertybelongingtodifferentclasse”可知，受害游客需要花費(fèi)時(shí)間和精力和猴子們討價(jià)還價(jià)。故選C項(xiàng)?？疾楦痹~詞義辨析。句意：然后，他們從錄像中觀察受害者為歸還屬于不同類別財(cái)物而與。后文“（的Ossified竊賊討價(jià)還價(jià)的頻率，從而將物品分為低價(jià)值（清單上的前兩類）、中價(jià)值（后兩類）和高價(jià)值（第三類）。A.instead代替；B.otherwise否則；C.thus因此，從而;D.meanwhile。后文“（的Ossifiedobjectsintolowvalue（thefirsttwoclassesonthelist）,mediumvalue（thesecondtwo）andhighvalue（thethirdtwo）.”和前文“Theythenobserved,fromthevideorecordings,howoftenvictims11tobargainwiththethiefforthereturnofpropertybelongingtodifferentclasses,”存在因果關(guān)系。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查介詞短語詞義辨析。句意：他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，猴子確實(shí)對(duì)自己在做什么有很好的意識(shí)——至少成年和半成年的猴子是這樣的。A.inpractice實(shí)際上；B.atleast至少；C.inall總計(jì)；D.atlength最終。根據(jù)后文“Youngonesmakenosuch14 ,andsub-adultsarelessgoodatdoingsothanadults.”可知，只有成年和半成年的猴子有很好的意識(shí)，所以說，不是所有的猴子都有很好的意識(shí)，至少成年和半成年的猴子是這樣的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：年幼的猴子沒有這樣的區(qū)別，而且半成年的猴子在這方面不如成年的猴子擅長(zhǎng)。A.differences差別；B.distinctions對(duì)比，區(qū)別；C.distributions分配；D.demands要求。根據(jù)上文“Butthisissomethingthattheyhavetolearnhowtodoastheygrowup.”可知，這種意識(shí)是隨著成長(zhǎng)學(xué)會(huì)的，此處指幼年猴子沒有這種意識(shí)，它們沒有區(qū)別。differences常指顏色、尺寸和數(shù)量等普通的差別；distinctions意思是相似的或相關(guān)的事物之間細(xì)節(jié)的差異，只能通過仔細(xì)檢查才能確定的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5