初中英語定語從句系統(tǒng)講解與配套練習(xí)

..初中英語定語從句系統(tǒng)講解及配套練習(xí)一．定語從句的概念

在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面.

二、定語從句的關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用：1,引導(dǎo)定語從句。2,代替先行詞。3,在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。

引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that,which,who〔賓格whom,所有格whose等;關(guān)系副詞包括where,when,why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時(shí)又作定語從句的重要成分。

三、定語從句的分類根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。1.限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開,從句不可省去,限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語,如果去掉的話,主句的意思就不完整,意義就表述不明。這種句型一般定語從句緊接先行詞,如：Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.2.非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開,起補(bǔ)充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。非限制性定語從句。它與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切,只是對(duì)其附加說明,也就是講即便去掉定語從句,句意也不受影響,仍然清晰明了。這樣的定語從句要在它和主句之間加一逗號(hào)分開。且關(guān)系代詞不引導(dǎo)這種非限制性定語從句,如：MichaelJaskon,whoisthegreatestsingerintheworld,passedawayin2010.如：MarylivedinthecityofHongkong,whereusedtobeasmallpoorcountryside.關(guān)系代詞的用法

1.that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語,作主語時(shí)不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如：Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.〔語瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。Thecoat〔thatIputonthedeskisblue.〔語我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。

2.which用于指物,在句中作主語或賓語,作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如：Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.〔語位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。

Thefilm〔whichwesawlastnightwaswonderful.3.who,whom用于指人,who用作主語,whom在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語,常可省略。在口語中,有時(shí)可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如：ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.〔語經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。

Whoistheteacher〔whomLiMingistalkingto？正在與李明談話的老師是誰〔作賓語

Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.4.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定語從句中做定語.可譯為"…的"

例如：●Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.

●Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.

whose指物時(shí),常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替

例如▼Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

▼Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?

=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?★注意：〔1當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時(shí),who,that,which可省略,但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí),只能用"介詞+which/whom"結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：●Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?/p>

●Doyouknowthegirlwithwhomyourteacheristalking.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說?！?含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如：Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。〔3that作介詞的賓語時(shí),介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如：Thecitythat/whichshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。指物時(shí)關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況：

a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一個(gè)通過考試的人。

b.被修飾的先行詞為all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代詞時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如：

Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop？

c.先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

d.先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如：

IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.

我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that.例如：

Whoisthegirlthatiscrying？正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰？

f.主句是therebe結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如：

ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本書是湯姆的。g.關(guān)系代詞作表語時(shí)一般不用who,而用that。如:Heisnotthemanthathewas.他不是從前的他了。<從句中that是was的表語>關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that的情況：

a.先行詞為that,those時(shí),用which,而不用that.例如：What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk？在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？

b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),一般用which,而不用that.例如：Thisistheroominwhichhelives.這是他居住的房間c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,用which,而不用that.例如：Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。關(guān)系副詞的用法

〔1when指時(shí)間,其先行詞表示時(shí)間,在句中作時(shí)間狀語。例如：Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。

〔2where指地點(diǎn),其先行詞表示地點(diǎn),在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。例如：Thisistheplacewhereheworks.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。Thisisthehousewhere／<inwhich>helives.

〔3why指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語作用。例如：Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。六、了解關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)律關(guān)系代詞whom或which在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí),介詞可放在后面,也可提前構(gòu)成介詞+關(guān)系代詞whom<先行詞指人>/which<先行詞指物>引導(dǎo)定語從句<這種方法更為正式>。例:MaryisthegirlwhomIborrowedabookfrom.=MaryisthegirlfromwhomIborrowedabook.瑪麗就是我向她借書的那個(gè)女孩。Isthistheroomthat/whichheoncelivedin?=Isthistheroominwhichheoncelived?=Isthistheroomwhereheoncelived?這是他曾經(jīng)住過的房子嗎?★常見的有以下幾種情況:where=in/onwhich例:Thisistheroomwhere/inwhichhelives.這是他住的房間。Icanseetheplaygroundwhere/onwhichtheydosports.我能看見他們進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)的操場(chǎng)。when=on/in/atwhich例:Istillremembertheyearwhen/inwhichIjoinedtheParty.我仍然記得入黨的那一年。Istillrememberthehourwhen/atwhichtherocketwaslaunched.我仍然記得那個(gè)火箭發(fā)射的時(shí)刻。why=forwhich例:Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhewaskilled.這是他被殺害的原因。但下列情況下介詞不能提前:⑴用who代替whom,用that代替which時(shí),介詞不能提前。例:He’stheboywhoIlearnedEnglishfrom.這是我向他學(xué)英語的男孩。ThisshouldbetheplacethatTomsenttheparcelto.這應(yīng)是湯姆送包裹的地方。⑵當(dāng)whom、which省去時(shí)介詞不能提前。例:Ishetheboyyouwenttherewith?他是和你一起去那兒的男孩嗎?Thisistheroomhelivedin.這是他住過的房間。⑶當(dāng)whom,which作為含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語的賓語時(shí),介詞一般來說不能拆開提前。例:You’retheverymanwhomI’mlookingfor.你正是我在找的那個(gè)人。●熱身訓(xùn)練一.單項(xiàng)填空。1.-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather？-Yes,he’sourheadmaster.A.heB.

who

C.which

D.whom2.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim？A.which

B.inwhich

C.that

D.theone3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.A.where

B.which

C.that

D.it4.Canyoulendmethedictionary______theotherday？A.thatyoubought

B.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtit

D.whichyouboughtit5.Anyone______withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.A.whichagrees

B.whoagreeC.whoagrees

D.whichagree6.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.A.that

B.it

C.which

who7.Theman______coatisblackiswaitingatthegateA.who’s

B.whose

C.that

ofwhich.8.Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.A.which；is

B.whom；was

C.who；is

D.who；was9.Iloveplaces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly.A.that

B.which

C.where

D.who10.Theworld______ismadeupofmatter.A.inthatwelive

B.onwhichweliveC.wherewelivein

D.welivein二.

用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom填空。1.

Thefirstthing______youmustdoistohaveameal.2.

April1stistheday_____iscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewest.3.

Thefamily_____hadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.4.

Thehouse_____weliveinisveryold.

Didn’tyouseetheman______Italkedwithjustnow？初中英語定語從句練習(xí)題〔一

一.選擇填空

1.Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsof_______youarenotsure.

A.whichB.whatC.asD.those

2.Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone

3.Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone

4.Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone

5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces__________couldn’tbefound.

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat

6.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature__________waterchangesintoice.

A.atwhichB.onthatC.inwhichD.ofwhat

7.Thisbookwillshowyou__________canbeusedinothercontexts..

A.howyouhaveobservedB.whatyouhaveobserved

C.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobserved

8.Thereasonis__________heisunabletooperatethemachine.

A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether

9.I’lltellyou__________hetoldmelastweek.

A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which

10.Thattree,__________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.

A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich

11.Ihaveboughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.

A.asB.thatC.whichD.what

12.Hefailedintheexamination,__________madehisfatherveryangry.

A.whichB.itC.thatD.what

13.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_______wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.

A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that

14.Thegirl________anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom’ssister.

A.whoissingingB.issingingC.sangD.wassinging

15.Those___notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.

A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearn

16.Anyone________thisopinionmayspeakout.

A.thatagainstB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst

17.Didn’tyouseetheman________?

A.InoddedjustnowB.whomInoddedjustnow

C.InoddedtohimjustnowD.Inoddedtojustnow

18.Canyoulendmethenovel______theotherday?

A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutit

C.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout

19.Isthereanything_______toyou?

A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongs

C.thatbelongD.whichbelongs

20.----"Howdoyoulikethebook?"

----"It’squitedifferentfrom_______Ireadlastmonth."

A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat

21.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexcept_____whohadlreadytakenthem.A.theonesB.onesC.someD.theothers

22.Thetrain_______shewastravellingwaslate.

A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat

23.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer_______thepapersarekept.

A.whereB.inwhichC.underwhichD.which

24.Antarctic_______weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.

A.whichB.whereC.thatD.aboutwhich

25.It’sthethirdtime_______latethismonth.

A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrivedC.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived

26.Itwasin1969_______theAmericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon.

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.inwhich

27.Maythefourthistheday______weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.

A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich

28.WearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,_______livemygrandparentsandsomerelatives.

A.whichB.thatC.whoD.where

29.Thehotel_______duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.

A.westayedatB.wherewestayedatC.westayedD.inthatwestayed

30.Isitinthatfactory_______"RedFlag"carsareproduced?

A.inwhichB.whereC.whichD.that

31.ItistheSuezCanal_______separatesAsia______Africa.

A.which,toB.where,fromC.that,fromD.that,with

32.Underthebridge,however,almostdirectlybelow,_______wasasmallcanoe,withaboyinit.

A.thereB.whereC.itD.which

33.Heisnot______afool_______.

A.such,asheislookedB.such,ashelooks

C.as,asheislookedD.so,ashelooks

34.Isthatthereason_______youareinfavouroftheproposal?

A.whichB.whatC.whyD.forthat

35.HemustbefromAfrica,_______canbeseenfromhisskin.

A.thatB.asC.whoD.what

36.Hehastwosons,_______workaschemists.

A.twoofwhomB.bothofwhomC.bothofwhichD.allofwhom

37.I,_______yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.

A.whoisB.whoamC.thatisD.whatis

38.Heisamanofgreatexperience,_______muchcanbelearned.

A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhom

39.----Doyouknowthetownatall?--No,thisisthefirsttimeI________here.

A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming

40.Idon’tlike_______youspeaktoher.

A.thewayB.thewayinthat

C.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich

41.Thetwothings_______theyfeltveryproudareJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.

A.aboutwhichB.ofwhich

C.inwhichD.forwhich

42.Thedinnerwasthemostexpensivemealwe______.

A.wouldhaveB.havehadC.hadneverhadD.hadeverhad

43.Doyouknowwhichhotel_______?

A.sheisstayingB.sheisstayinginC.isshestayingD.isshestayingin

44.Thereisonlyonething_______Icando.

A.whatB.thatC.allD.which

45.Whocanthinkofasituation________thisidiomcanbeused?

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.inthat

46.Ihavemanybooks,someof_______areonchemistry.

A.themB.thatC.whichD.those

47.Theywereinterested_______youtoldthem.

A.inwhichB.inthatC.allthatD.ineverything

48.Theastronautdidmanyexperimentsinthespaceship,________much

helpforknowingspace.

A.whichwethinkitisB.whichwethinkareof

C.ofwhichwethinkisD.Ithinkwhichisof

49.Thegreatdaywelookedforwardto_______atlast.

A.comeB.cameC.comingD.comes

50.Ilikethesecondfootballmatch_______washeldlastweek.

A.whichB.whoC.thatD./初中英語定語從句練習(xí)題〔二用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空：

1.Istillrememberthenight_______Ifirstcametothehouse.

2.I'llneverforgettheday________wemeteachotherlastweek.

3.MrBlackisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,_______isthebestseasonthere.

4.Iwillneverforgetthedays_______Ispentwithyourfamily.

5.I'llneverforgetthelastday______wespenttogether.

6.Thisistheschool______Iusedtostudy.

7.Doyoustillremembertheplace______wevisitedlastweek?

8.Doyoustillremembertheplace_______wevisitedthepaintingexhibition?

9.HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou,_____isfamousfortheWestLake?

10.HaveyoueverbeetoHangzhou,______liestheWestLake?

11.TomwillgotoShanghai,______livehistwobrothers.

12.IliveinBeijing,____isthecapitalofChina.

13.Therewasatime______therewereslavesintheUSA.

14.Itisthethirdtime______youhavemadethesamemistake.

15.Itwasinthestreet_____ImetJohnyesterday.

16.Itwasabout600yearsago____thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.

17.Themoment_____Isawyou,Irecognized<認(rèn)出>you.

18.Thisistheverynovelabout____we'vetalkedsomuch.

19.Thisistheway____hedidit.

20.Whoisthestudent_____waslateforschooltoday?

21.Who_____knowshimwantstomakefriendswithhim?

22.Whatelsewasthereinmybrother____youdidn'tlike?

23.Helivesintheroom____windowfacestothesouth.

24.Helivesintheroom,thewindow_____facestothesouth.

25.ThisisMr.Johnfor____sonIbroughtabookyesterday.

26.ThisisMr.Johnfor_____Iboughtabookyesterday.

27.Thisisthehour_____theplaceisalwaysfullofwomenandchildren.

28.Andthereisonepoint______I'dlikeyouradvice.

29.Winteristhetimeofyear______thedaysareshortandnightsarelong.

30.Ihopeyouwillfindthisvalleyabeautifulplace____youmayspendyourweekend.初中英語定語從句練習(xí)題〔三

〔充分考慮先行詞在從句中的句法作用

1.Afootballfan<球迷>is_____hasastronginterestinfootball.

A.athingthatB.somethingthatC.apersonwhoD.what

2.Thehouse,_____wasdestroyedintheterriblefire,hasbeenrepaired.

A.theroofofwhichB.whichroofC.itsroofD.theroof

3.Canyoulendmethenovel_____theotherday?

A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutit

C.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout

4.Thematter_____youwerearguingaboutlastnighthasbeensettled.

A.thatB.whatC.whyD.forwhich

5.Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersons_____theyrememberedintheschool.

A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom

6.Who_____hascommonsense〔常識(shí)willdosuchathing?A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that

7.Alltheapples_____felldownwereeatenbythepigs.

A.thatB.thoseC.whichD.what

8.Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything_____hesawatthefront.

A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where

9.I’lltellyou_____hetoldmelastnight.

A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.all

10.Achild_____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.

A.whoB.who’sC.whoseD.which

11.Isthisthemuseum_____youvisitedtheotherday?

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone

12.Isthismuseum_____someGermanfriendsvisitedlastWednesday?

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone

13.-Howdoyoulikethebook?

-It’squitedifferentfrom_____Ireadlastmonth.

A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat

14.Whichsentenceiswrong?

A.ThefingerIdippedintothecupwasnottheoneIputitintomymouth.

B.Doyouknowtheboywhojumpedontotheplatform?

C.Scienceandnewtechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforfarmerstoproducemorefoodonthesameamountofland.

D.Peopleinancienttimestookitforgrantedthatthesunmovedroundtheearth.

15.Thetrain_____shewastravelingwaslate.

A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat

16.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer_____thepapersarekept.

A.whereB.onwhichC.underwhichD.which

17.Antarctic_____weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.

A.whichB.whereC.thatD.aboutwhich

18.It’sthethirdtime_____latethismonth.

A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrivedC.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived

19.Heoftenhelpsthestudents_____hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.

A.whomB.whoC.whenD.because

20.TheSecondWorldWar_____millionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.

A.whenB.duringthatC.inwhichD.which

21.Hewasbornintheyear_____theAnti-JapaneseWarbrokeout.

A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.duringwhich

22.Mr.Crossettwillneverforgettheday_____hespentwithhisvariousstudents.

A.whenB.whichC.duringwhichD.onwhich

23.Thisisjusttheplace_____Iamlongingtovisittheseyears.

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.towhere

24.WearegoingtospendtheSpringfestivalinGuangzhou,_____livemygrandparentsandsomerelatives.

A.whichB.thatC.whoD.where

25.Thehotel_____duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.

A.westayedatB.wherewestayedatC.westayedD.inthatwestayed

26.Ihaveboughtthesamedress_____sheiswearing.

A.asB.thatC.whichD.than

27.Heisnot_____afool_____.

A.such/asheislookedB.such/ashelooks

C.as/asheislookedD.so/ashelooks

28.Isthatthereason_____youareinfavoroftheproposal?

A.whichB.whatC.whyD.forthat

29.Someoftheroadswereflooded,_____madeourjourneymoredifficult.

A.whichB.itC.whatD.that

30.HemustbefromAfrica,_____canbeseenfromhisskin.

A.thatB.asC.whoD.what

31.Hehastwosons,_____workaschemists.

A.twoofwhomB.bothofwhomC.bothofwhichD.allofwhom

32.Thebuses,_____werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.

A.mostofthatB.whichmostC.mostofwhichD.thatmost

33.Myglasses,_____Iwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.

A.whichB