101 英語高考“七選五”閱讀理解真題詳解1

【陜西省高中英語李勝文名師工作室出品】2020高考英語“七選五”閱讀理解專項突破原創(chuàng)系列資料101英語高考“七選五”閱讀理解真題詳解12019年全國卷I【高考真題解題例析】為了讓大家能把上面所提到的解題原則、方法和步驟能運用到具體的解題實踐之中，下面以2019年英語高考全國卷I中的“七選五”閱讀理解試題的解答為例來說明如何解題。項目卷別語篇類型主題語境標(biāo)題閱讀總量段落數(shù)與文本結(jié)構(gòu)易讀度題號考查技能句際關(guān)系設(shè)題類型與層次2019全國卷I說明文人與自我之生活與學(xué)習(xí)：呼吸新鮮空氣和接近自然有利于身心健康有259+74=3334遞進式結(jié)構(gòu)70.536連接轉(zhuǎn)折段落層次37同義+重復(fù)例證語篇層次38同義解釋段落層次39同義遞進段落層次40連接總分語篇層次2019年全國卷I無標(biāo)題4段段遞進式結(jié)構(gòu)說明文259+74=333人與自我之生活與學(xué)習(xí)：呼吸新鮮空氣和接近自然有利于身心健康【高考真題】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。IsFreshAirReallyGoodforYou?Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto“gooutandgetsomefreshair.”

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Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisabigYES,iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.37Iftheairyou’rebreathingisclean—whichitwouldbeifyou’reawayfromthesmogofcities—thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving,energizingoxygen.Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles(肌肉)andyourbrain.Recently,peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldandhealing(治愈).38Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andputpeopleintoabettermood(情緒).Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.39Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.40Whilethesun’srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat’splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday’sworthofVitaminD.A.Freshaircleansourlungs.B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?F.Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociateairwithhealthcare.G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.【語篇解析】IsFreshAirReallyGoodforYou?主題Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto“gooutandgetsomefreshair.”

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Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisabigYES,iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.起引入主題總37Iftheairyou’rebreathingisclean—whichitwouldbeifyou’reawayfromthesmogofcities—thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving,energizingoxygen.Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles(肌肉)andyourbrain.Recently,peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldandhealing(治愈).38Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andputpeopleintoabettermood(情緒).Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.39Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.40Whilethesun’srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat’splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday’sworthofVitaminD.airyou’rebreathingthenaturalworldandhealingthesun’srays,VitaminDhealthhealthhealth【解題過程】第一步，快速瀏覽文章與選項，判定語篇類型和主題語境?？焖贋g覽文章的標(biāo)題、首段和選項，關(guān)鍵信息“freshairisgood”會突顯出來，再由首段最后一句可知文章標(biāo)題中所提出的問題得到了回答，從而可以斷定本文是說明文類語篇，主題語境是人與自我，主題語境內(nèi)容是健康生活方式——呼吸新鮮空氣和接近自然有利于身心健康。判定了語篇類型和主題語境內(nèi)容后，這時要琢磨這樣一篇說明文會以怎樣的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)說明新鮮空氣有利于健康。第二步，逐段閱讀，充分利用語篇文本結(jié)構(gòu)、段落結(jié)構(gòu)、上下文邏輯關(guān)系、句式結(jié)構(gòu)、詞匯銜接等來斷定每空應(yīng)填入的選項。IsFreshAirReallyGoodforYou?主題Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto“gooutandgetsomefreshair.”

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Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisabigYES,iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?起引入主題總37Iftheairyou’rebreathingisclean—whichitwouldbeifyou’reawayfromthesmogofcities—thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving,energizingoxygen.Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles(肌肉)andyourbrain.A.Freshaircleansourlungs.G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.Recently,peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldandhealing(治愈).38Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andputpeopleintoabettermood(情緒).Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.39Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.40Whilethesun’srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat’splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday’sworthofVitaminD.D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.airyou’rebreathingthenaturalworldandhealingthesun’srays,VitaminDhealthairhealthGreeneryhealthsun’sraysandfreshairA.Freshaircleansourlungs.B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?F.Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociateairwithhealthcare.G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.第一段首句引入文章話題，根據(jù)36空后一句中的“theanswer”可以斷定36空應(yīng)該是一個問句，選項中有兩個問句，但由于答案是“YES”，可以斷定前面是一個一般疑問句，可以排除B選項，E選項是一般疑問句，在語意上與文章的標(biāo)題相對應(yīng)，并且還用了一個“but”與前一句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以36空選E選項。本空是段落層面的考查，解題時綜合運用了篇章標(biāo)題、段落內(nèi)句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系、句子結(jié)構(gòu)與標(biāo)點符號、關(guān)鍵詞等信息作出正確判斷。讀完第二段的內(nèi)容，根據(jù)語篇關(guān)鍵信息詞“freshair”和段落重現(xiàn)的信息詞“breathe”可知本段主要說明了呼吸新鮮空氣的好處是“allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmusclesandyourbrain”，但是備選答案中沒有與之相對應(yīng)的選項，這時需要結(jié)合生活常識聯(lián)想到肺是人體呼吸和供氧器官，從而能斷定37空應(yīng)填入A選項，只有肺里清潔，呼吸才能暢通無阻，才能讓人充滿活力。本空盡管設(shè)空在句首，但并不是對段落主旨句的考查，所填入的選項Freshaircleansourlungs與下文之間是程序上的先后關(guān)系，即呼吸新鮮空氣——使肺得到清潔——吸入的氧進入肺之后到達肌肉和大腦，共同說明呼吸新鮮空氣對人體的益處。本空是語篇層面的考查，解題時綜合運用了關(guān)鍵信息詞、生活常識、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)和段落結(jié)構(gòu)。第三段的首句提到了自然界與疾病痊愈之間關(guān)系的研究，句中的“healing”后一句中的“Intheseplaces”“patients”和“recovery”以及G選項中的“recoverycenters”和“HealingGardens”可以推斷處38空應(yīng)填入G選項，除了詞匯重現(xiàn)和語意關(guān)聯(lián)外，設(shè)空后一句中的“theseplaces”是對選項中“HealingGardens”的指代。本空是段落內(nèi)句子層面的考查，上下文之間構(gòu)成解說關(guān)系，解答本題時綜合運用到了詞匯銜接和指代。本段接下來的內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)到了親近自然、觀賞綠色植物對人的治愈作用，似乎偏離了文章的主題，但正是有了自然界中的綠色植物，才有新鮮的空氣。讀到本段的最后一句可知，本段后半部分一直在說明（病人）身處綠色自然界中的益處，根據(jù)39空的前一句和后一句可知，此處應(yīng)該與身處綠色自然界中的益處有關(guān)，所以應(yīng)填入C選項，說明在自然界中能讓“我們”精神煥發(fā)。盡管本段后半部分的人稱在“patients”和“we”之間跳轉(zhuǎn)，但39空后一句中的“it”和“us”分別代C選項中的“Beinginnature”和“our”，39空后一句與選項C之間構(gòu)成遞進關(guān)系，進一步說明身處自然之中的益處。本空是段落內(nèi)句子層面的考查，解題時綜合運用到了指代、語意關(guān)聯(lián)和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系。讀完第四段可知本段主要說明的是太陽光能提供有益人體的維生素D，似乎再次偏離文章的主題，但是仔細(xì)想一下，就會把新鮮空氣與太陽光聯(lián)系起來，戶外有新鮮空氣，戶外呼吸新鮮空氣就難免接受陽光照射，不過也有好處。根據(jù)設(shè)空后的內(nèi)容與關(guān)鍵信息詞“sun’srays”可知40空應(yīng)填入D選項，說明呼吸新鮮空氣的附帶益處是曬太陽，選項中的“sunlight”與后一句中的“sun’srays”是同義表達，D選項與后一句構(gòu)成總分和解說關(guān)系。本空是對語篇層面的考查，解題時綜合運用到了主旨概括、同意表達和常識。第三步，將已確定的答案代入原文快速通讀檢查。在這一過程中，也可進一步理清文本的篇章和段落結(jié)構(gòu)，確保答案正確無誤。分析完解題過程后，來全面梳理一下語篇文本結(jié)構(gòu)特征和解題時的思路。整個語篇圍繞呼吸新鮮空氣以及呼吸新鮮空氣時接近自然有利于身心健康為主線展開說明，第一段點明主旨后，接下來的二、三、四段并沒有像典型的說明文以平行并列的