高考英語(yǔ)模擬題匯編專題02 閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文（三）（解析版）

專題02閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文（二）（2020屆四川省瀘州市高三第三次教學(xué)質(zhì)量診斷）Knownasthe"OrientalHawaii,"Sanyaisconsideredasoneofthebestdivingresorts(勝地)intheSouthPacificOcean.Thefollowingsarethetopfiveplacesfordivinginthecity.WuzhizhouIslandWuzhizhouIsland,knownasChin'sMaldives,isregardedasthebestplaceinHainanprovinceforunderwaterdiving.Itisoneofthefewislandsintheworldwithoutrocksorpebbles,coveringanareaof1.48squarekilometersandisinanirregularbutterflyshape.YalongBayTheunderwaterworldatYalongBayisoneoftheearliestdivingbasesinSanya.ItisthoughtasoneofthebestscenicspotsinChinatocarryoutunderseatourism.Colorfulhardcoral,tropicalfish,andothermarinelifeinthenearbywatersalsoaddtothebeautyandattractionofthebay.DadonghaiBayDadonghaiBay,withhillsonthreesides,isacrescent-shaped(新月形的)bay.Theareaenjoysagreeableweatherallyearround,withthewatertemperaturekeepingabout20℃eveninwinter.ThoughthewaterhereisnotasclearasthatinYalongBayandWuzhizhouIsland,thisdivingspotiseasiertogetto.XidaoIslandXidaoIsland,alsoknownasDaimaoIsland,isshapedlikeaturtlelivinginthetropicalarea.Theislandenjoyspleasantsurroundingsofsandybeaches,rockycaves,andpalmtrees.Italsotakesprideincrystalclearwaterswithmarinelifeandextensivecoralreefstoexplore.FenjiezhouIslandFenjiezhoulsland,anational5Ascenicarea,isalsocalledtheSleepingBeautyIslandforwhatitlookslikefromafar.Theislandisproudofextremelycleanbeachesandrichmarineecologicalresources.Itistheonlysiteinthecountrythatallowsvisitorstodivewithdolphins.1．WhatcandiversdoattheresortofWuzhizhouIsland?A．Playwithbutterflies. B．Enjoydivingcomfortably.C．Explorerockycaves. D．Dounderwaterresearch.2．Whichofthefollowingismostsuitablefordivingthroughouttheyear?A．YalongBay. B．DadonghaiBay.C．XidaoIsland. D．FenjiezhouIsland.3．WhatisuniqueaboutFenjiezhouIslandinChina?A．Anational5Ascenicarea. B．TheSleepingBeautyIsland.C．Richmarineresources. D．Divingwithdolphins.【答案】1．B2．B3．D【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。三亞被譽(yù)為“東方夏威夷”，是南太平洋最好的潛水勝地之一。文章主要介紹了三亞市最適合潛水的五個(gè)地方。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中WuzhizhouIsland,knownasChin'sMaldives,isregardedasthebestplaceinHainanprovinceforunderwaterdiving.可知蜈支洲島被稱為中國(guó)的馬爾代夫，是海南省最好的水下潛水地。由此可知，在旅游勝地蜈支洲島，潛水員可以享受舒適的潛水。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中Theareaenjoysagreeableweatherallyearround,withthewatertemperaturekeepingabout20℃eveninwinter.可知這里一年四季氣候宜人，即使在冬天，水溫也保持在20℃左右。由此可知，大東海灣最適合全年潛水。故選B。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中Itistheonlysiteinthecountrythatallowsvisitorstodivewithdolphins.可知它是這個(gè)國(guó)家唯一允許游客和海豚一起潛水的地方。由此可知，分界洲島獨(dú)特之處是可以和海豚一起潛水。故選D。（2020屆四川省瀘州市高三第三次教學(xué)質(zhì)量診斷）MannyAbreupraticesBenjaminFranklin'sfamoussaying.“Ifyouwantsomethingdone,askabusyperson.”ThroughouthisfouryearsatKellenbergMemorialHighSchoolintheUS.Abreumadecommunityservice,animportantpartofhislife.“Idon'tknowwherehefindsthetimetodoeverything.”saidErinRonan,Alreu'smathteacher.“Heistrulyaclassact.”Asanhonoredstudent,Abreu,18,tookpartindifferentvoluntaryactivitiesafterschool,duringweekendsandsummerholidays.Theseincludedhelpingstaffatthepubliclibrary,doinglandscapeworkatkellenberg,andservingcustomersatalocalrestaurant.Butfacedwithalimitednumberofhoursinaday,Abreulefthislibraryjoblastsummertostartworkingasanemergencymedicaltechnician—arolethatfitshispassionformakingadifferenceinotherpeople'slives.“Myappreciationforservicehasguidedmeintogivingback,”saidAbreu,whoissettinghissightsonbecomingadoctor.“It'ssuchawin-winfeelingtohelpsomeoneinneed.”StMartindePorresMarianistSchoolalsobenefitedfromAbreu'shelp.Throughhisschool'sSmartClubprogram,hevoluntarilyprovidedhomeworkhelpandplayedgameswiththejuniorhighschoolstudents.Forallhishardwork,Abreuwaswelcomedintoaleadershipclubthatorganizesfellowstudents'volunteeractivities.Abreuthankedhisparentsforinspiringhimtodotherightthing,saying“theyare'themostselflesspeopleIknow.”Herememberedwhenhewasabout6yearsold,andhismotherinvitedadisadvantagedneighborhoodboytohavedinner.Uponobservingtheboy'shappiness,Abreucameawaywithasenseofhowhewantedtolivehisownlife—“Iwon'tfocusonmyowndesires.IwillhelpasmanypeopleasIcan,”hesaid.4．Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Tointroducethetopic. B．Tomakeabriefexplanation.C．Toshareafamoussaying. D．TopraiseBenjaminFranklin.5．HowdidAbreudovoluntaryworkduringhishighschool?A．Byorganizingschoolactivities. B．Byworkingasacustomer.C．Byspendingextratime. D．Byusingspecialholidays.6．WhatdoesAbreuthinkofhelpingothersinneed?A．It'schallenging. B．It'srewarding.C．It'sstressful. D．It'swasteful.7．WhoinfluencedAbreumostonhiswaytobeingavolunteer?A．Hismathteacher. B．Hisfellowstudents.C．Hisparents. D．Hisneighborhoodboy.【答案】4．A5．C6．B7．C【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了MannyAbreu利用自己的空閑時(shí)間做了各種各樣的很多志愿者工作和社區(qū)工作，他通過(guò)這些工作和活動(dòng)不僅幫助了他人，也使得自己的價(jià)值得到了體現(xiàn)。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中ThroughouthisfouryearsatKellenbergMemorialHighSchoolintheUS.Abreumadecommunityservice,animportantpartofhislife.可知他在美國(guó)凱倫伯格紀(jì)念高中度過(guò)了四年時(shí)光。Abreu把社區(qū)服務(wù)作為他生命中重要的一部分。由此可推知，第一段提到的MannyAbreu實(shí)踐了BenjaminFranklin的名言是為了引出第二段介紹Abreu做社區(qū)服務(wù)的事情，故第一段的主要目的是介紹主題。故選A。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Asanhonoredstudent,Abreu,18,tookpartindifferentvoluntaryactivitiesafterschool,duringweekendsandsummerholidays.可知作為一名榮譽(yù)學(xué)生，18歲的Abreu在放學(xué)后、周末和暑假期間參加了各種志愿活動(dòng)。由此可知，Abreu在高中通過(guò)花費(fèi)額外的時(shí)間做義工。故選C。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Myappreciationforservicehasguidedmeintogivingback,”saidAbreu,whoissettinghissightsonbecomingadoctor.“It'ssuchawin-winfeelingtohelpsomeoneinneed.”可知“我對(duì)服務(wù)的感激引導(dǎo)我回饋社會(huì)，”Abreu說(shuō)，他的目標(biāo)是成為一名醫(yī)生?！皫椭行枰娜耸且环N雙贏的感覺(jué)?！庇纱丝赏浦珹breu認(rèn)為看待幫助需要幫助的人是有益的。故選B。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中Abreuthankedhisparentsforinspiringhimtodotherightthing,saying“theyare'themostselflesspeopleIknow.”可知Abreu感謝他的父母激勵(lì)他去做正確的事情，他說(shuō):“他們是‘我所知道的最無(wú)私的人’?！庇纱丝芍贏breu成為志愿者的路上，他的父母對(duì)他的影響最大。故選C。（2020屆四川省瀘州市高三第三次教學(xué)質(zhì)量診斷）Modernagricultureanditsabilitytofeedbillionsofpeoplemaybeamonghumanity’sgreatestsuccesses.However,itcomeswithhiddencosts.Forexample,haveyoueverconsideredhowmuchwaterisneededtoprovideyouwithasteakorasalad?Itmaysurpriseyou.InarecentstudypublishedinthejournalNutrients,scientistsfromtheCommonwealthScientificandIndustrialResearchOrganization(CSIRO),Australia'snationalscienceorganization,tookacloselookatthedietsof9,341adultAustralians—specifically,their“water-scarcityfootprints(水消耗足跡)”.Itturnedoutthatasweettoothnotonlyaddstoourwaistlines(腰圍)butalsostressesourwaterresources.Thewater-scarcityfootprintisawidelyrecognizedmeasurementofwaterconsumption.First,itcountsthelitersofwateryouused.Then,itlooksattheplacewherethewaterwasused.Themorelackingwaterisinyourarea,thelargeryourwater-scarcityfootprint.ThescientistsfoundthattheaverageAustralian'sdiethadawater-scarcityfootprintof362litersperday.Snacks—cookies,cakesandalcohol—accountedfor25percentofthewater-scarcityfootprint.Theresearchalsoincludedaglassofwine(41liters),asingleservingofpotatochips(23liters),andasmallbarofmilkchocolate(21liters).Notsurprisingly,cuttingoutsnackswouldbetheN0.1priorityifyouwantedtoloweryourownwater-scarcityfootprint.Earth'ssurfaceis70percentwater,butonly2.5percentofthatcanbeusedfordrinkingorfarming.By2030,aworldofabout8.6billionpeoplewillneed35percentmorewater,40percentmoreenergy,and50percentmorefood,accordingtotheUnitedStatesNationalIntelligenceCouncil.So,weneedtowatchwhatweeat,notjustforourpersonalhealthbutforthehealthofoursocieties.12．Whatdidtherecentstudycloselyfocuson?A．Modernagriculture. B．AverageAustralians.C．Waterresources. D．Water-scarcityfootprints.13．WhatdidscientistsfromCSIROfindintheirstudy?A．Sweetteethleadtothinwaistlines.B．Australians'dietsaremainlymadeupofsnacks.C．Thewater-scarcityfooprintisameasurementofsavingwater.D．Lackingwaterinourareameansalargerwater-scarcityfootprint.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“theN0.1priority”inParagraph5probablymean?A．theleastimportantthing B．theleastimpossiblethingC．somethingtobedonefirst D．somethingtobepreventedfirst15．Whatdoesthelastparagraphintendtotellus?A．Takecareofourdiets. B．Protectourdrinkingwater.C．Makegooduseofenergy. D．Producemorehealthyfood.【答案】12．D13．D14．C15．A【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講了現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)雖然養(yǎng)活數(shù)十億人，但是它也帶來(lái)了隱藏的成本。水消耗足跡是一種被廣泛認(rèn)可的衡量水消耗的指標(biāo)，一項(xiàng)關(guān)注于水消耗足跡的研究表明，你所在的地區(qū)缺水越嚴(yán)重，你的水消耗足跡就越大。且餅干、蛋糕和酒精等零食造成了25%的水消耗足跡。因此我們應(yīng)該注意我們的飲食。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段InarecentstudypublishedinthejournalNutrients,scientistsfromtheCommonwealthScientificandIndustrialResearchOrganization(CSIRO),Australia'snationalscienceorganization,tookacloselookatthedietsof9,341adultAustralians—specifically,their“water-scarcityfootprints(水消耗足跡)”.可知澳大利亞國(guó)家科學(xué)組織聯(lián)邦科學(xué)與工業(yè)研究組織的科學(xué)家最近在《營(yíng)養(yǎng)》雜志上發(fā)表了一項(xiàng)研究，他們仔細(xì)研究了9341名澳大利亞成年人的飲食——特別是他們的“水消耗足跡”。由此可知，最近的研究關(guān)注的是水消耗足跡。故選D。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Themorelackingwaterisinyourarea,thelargeryourwater-scarcityfootprint.可知你所在的地區(qū)缺水越嚴(yán)重，你的水消耗足跡就越大。由此可知，CSIRO的科學(xué)家在他們的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)了所在地區(qū)缺水意味著更大的水消耗足跡。故選D。14．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中Snacks—cookies,cakesandalcohol—accountedfor25percentofthewater-scarcityfootprint.Theresearchalsoincludedaglassofwine(41liters),asingleservingofpotatochips(23liters),andasmallbarofmilkchocolate(21liters).可知餅干、蛋糕和酒精等零食造成了25%的缺水足跡。研究還包括一杯葡萄酒（41升），一份薯片（23升）和一小塊牛奶巧克力（21升）。由此可知，如果你想降低自己的水消耗足跡，減少零食將是首先要做的事情。故劃線短語(yǔ)“theN0.1priority”意思為“首先要做的事情”。故選C。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中So,weneedtowatchwhatweeat,notjustforourpersonalhealthbutforthehealthofoursocieties.可知所以，我們需要注意我們吃什么，不僅是為了我們個(gè)人的健康，也是為了我們整個(gè)社會(huì)的健康。由此可推知，最后一段想告訴我們注意我們的飲食。故選A。（2020屆安徽省淮南市高三第二次模擬）Roadnetworksareexpandingworldwideatanalarmingrate.Althoughroadscanpromoteeconomicdevelopmentandimprovehumanwelfare,theycanalsohavesevereeffectsonwildlifepopulationsbyworseninghabitatandhumandisturbance.Moreover,trafficdisturbancefromnoise,lights,andmotionreducesthequalityofhabitatnearroads.Whileroadsarenoweverywhereacrossmuchoftheearth,theconstructionofnewroadswillbeconcentratedinareaswithhighbiodiversityvalue.Manyofthesenewroadsandhighwayswilllikelycrossreservesorotherhighlybiodiverseareas.Althoughroadsareoneofthemostimportantimpactsonglobalecosystems,weknowlittleabouthowpatternsinroadconstructionwillaffectbiodiversityinthecomingdecades.Here,weusearecentlydevelopedglobalroadsdatasettoinvestigatetheextentandpotentialinfluenceofroadnetworksacrossthe1,160,000-km,13-countryrangeofthegloballyendangeredtiger.IntheRussianFarEast,forexample,roadsreducetigersurvivalratesduetocrashesintovehicles.Insomeregions,tigersavoidareasclosertopublicroads,suggestingthatroadsactasimportantbarrierstomovement.Theemergingimpactsofroaddevelopmentontigersarecriticalforseveralreasons.Wecalculateroaddensity(度),distancetothenearestroad,andrelativemeanspeciesabundance(MSA)tocharacterizehowroadnetworksinfluencetigerhabitats.Thesesystemsofmeasurementprovidestartingpointsforrange-widemonitoringandimpactassessmentsofroaddevelopmentprojects,thusenablingevaluationofprogresstowardcountry-levelconservationandsustainable(可持續(xù)的)developmentgoals.8．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theimportanceofcreatingreserves.B．Thedestructiontoglobalecosystems.C．Theeffectonbiodiversityworldwide.D．Theopinionaboutroadconstruction.9．Whyisroaddevelopmentattacked?A．Ithasbadinfluenceontigers.B．Itcausesmoretrafficaccidents.C．Itcoverstoomanyareas.D．Itrequiresaquantityoffunds.10．Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesystemsofmeasurement?A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful.C．Concerned. D．Astonished.11．Inwhichsectionofawebsitemaythetextappear?A．Entertainment. B．Health.C．Education. D．Science.【答案】8．C9．A10．A11．D【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述通過(guò)對(duì)道路數(shù)據(jù)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，道路的發(fā)展會(huì)對(duì)野生動(dòng)物的多樣性造成嚴(yán)重影響，因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)給它們的棲息地帶來(lái)人為的干擾。8．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段的主要內(nèi)容，尤其是Althoughroadsareoneofthemostimportantimpactsonglobalecosystems,weknowlittleabouthowpatternsinroadconstructionwillaffectbiodiversityinthecomingdecades.(雖然道路對(duì)全球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)最重要的影響之一，但是我們對(duì)道路建設(shè)模式在未來(lái)幾十年將如何影響生物多樣性知之甚少)可知，本段主要講述了道路建設(shè)對(duì)生物多樣的影響。C.Theeffectonbiodiversityworldwide.(對(duì)全球生物多樣性的影響)符合以上說(shuō)法，故選C項(xiàng)。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的IntheRussianFarEast,forexample,roadsreducetigersurvivalratesduetocrashesintovehicles.Insomeregions,tigersavoidareasclosertopublicroads,suggestingthatroadsactasimportantbarrierstomovement.Theemergingimpactsofroaddevelopmentontigersarecriticalforseveralreasons.(例如，在俄羅斯遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū)，因?yàn)樽驳杰囕v，道路降低了老虎的存活率。在一些地區(qū)，老虎會(huì)避開(kāi)離公里更近的地方，這表明，道路是老虎行動(dòng)的主要障礙。因?yàn)橐恍┰?，道路的發(fā)展對(duì)老虎的影響非常大。)可知，道路的發(fā)展受到抨擊是因?yàn)閷?duì)瀕臨滅絕的老虎產(chǎn)生了不良影響。A.Ithasbadinfluenceontigers.(它對(duì)老虎有不好的影響)符合以上說(shuō)法，故選A項(xiàng)。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的Thesesystemsofmeasurementprovidestartingpointsforrange-widemonitoringandimpactassessmentsofroaddevelopmentprojects,thusenablingevaluationofprogresstowardcountry-levelconservationandsustainable(可持續(xù)的)developmentgoals.(這些測(cè)量系統(tǒng)為大范圍的監(jiān)測(cè)提供了起點(diǎn)以及道路發(fā)展項(xiàng)目影響的評(píng)價(jià)，從而可以評(píng)估國(guó)家級(jí)保護(hù)區(qū)的進(jìn)展和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的目標(biāo))可推測(cè)，作者對(duì)該監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度。A.Optimistic.(樂(lè)觀的)符合以上說(shuō)法，故選A項(xiàng)。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，尤其是第三段的Here,weusearecentlydevelopedglobalroadsdatasettoinvestigatetheextentandpotentialinfluenceofroadnetworksacrossthe1,160,000-km,13-countryrangeofthegloballyendangeredtiger.(在此，我們使用最近開(kāi)發(fā)的全球道路數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)調(diào)查遍布13國(guó)家、長(zhǎng)達(dá)160萬(wàn)公里道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)的范圍以及對(duì)瀕臨滅絕的老虎的潛在影響)可知，本文是一項(xiàng)基于對(duì)全球道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)研究結(jié)果的報(bào)告。研究和科學(xué)相關(guān)，由此推測(cè)本文很有可能出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)網(wǎng)站的科學(xué)板塊。D.Science.(科學(xué))符合以上說(shuō)法，故選D項(xiàng)。（2020屆安徽省淮南市高三第二次模擬）Overthepastdecade,drug-resistantdiseaseshaveappearedasamajorhealththreat.Butwheredotheydevelopthedrugresistance?Onesurprisingtheory:theymayhavedevelopedtheresistanceonfarms,andnotinhospitals.Thecropprotectionproductsfarmersusetocontrolmanyplantdiseasesarealmostthesameasthedrugsdoctorsusetotreatinfections,includingfungi(真菌).Fungiarecontinuallymutating(變異),andwithalifecyclemeasuredindaysorweeks,theymutatequickly.Whenamutationproducesresistancetoachemical-killingfungi,fungiwilljumptoanyhostthatprovidesawelcomingenvironment,suchasahumanbody.Andifthetreatmentforthefungalinfectioninvolvesadrugsimilartothefungicideencounteredonthefarm,Fungimaydevelopquicklyinthehumanbody-justastheydidinthefield.Anobvioussolutionistouselessfungicideinthefield.Reducingfungicideusewouldnotonlyslowthedevelopmentofthedrugresistance,itwouldhelprestorediversitytothefungalworld.Fungicidesareamustinthefarmingcommunity.Plantdiseasesposeamajorproblemforfarmersglobally-insomecrops,diseasecanreduceharvestsbymorethan70percent-andfailuretodealwiththeproblemcanmeanfinancialruin.JustlikeFungi-or,indeed,anylivingthing-plantscontinuallyevolve.Thisishownaturalgeneediting(基因編輯)works,andwithoutit,we'dallstillbesinglecellsinasaltysoup.Throughnaturalselection,almostanyplantwilleventuallyproduceresistancetoFungi.Butthiscantakecenturies,sowedon'thavethetimetowait.Ontheotherhand,advancesingeneticshavegivenusanunderstandingofnature'sgeneeditingprocessinplants,helpingusdevelopresistancetoadisease.Geneeditingtechniquescanthenenableustoproducediseaseresistance-justasnaturewoulddo,ifgivenenoughtime.12．WhatcanweinferaboutFungifromParagraph2?A．Theycantreatinfectionsometimes.B．Theydon'tstopdevelopingnewforms.C．Ahumanbodyistheirfavoriteplace.D．TherearenoFungiinthefieldsnow.13．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword''pose''inparagraph3?A．Solve. B．Face.C．Cause. D．Overcome.14．WhatmakesaplantproduceresistancetoFungi?A．Thesurvivalofthefittest.B．Advancesintechnology.C．Theuseoffarmchemicals.D．Awelcomingenvironment.15．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WaystoPreventDrug-resistantDiseasesB．TheSourceoftheDrugResistanceC．ThePopularityofGeneEditingTechniquesD．TheNewTheoryofNaturalSelection【答案】12．B13．C14．A15．B【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了近十年對(duì)作物的觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)，作物的耐藥性來(lái)自于農(nóng)場(chǎng)。經(jīng)過(guò)自然選擇，最終活下的作物幾乎都會(huì)對(duì)真菌產(chǎn)生抗體，從而產(chǎn)生耐藥性。盡可能少的在農(nóng)田里使用真菌殺蟲(chóng)劑，不僅可以減緩耐藥性的發(fā)展，也有助于保持真菌的多樣性。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的Fungiarecontinuallymutating(變異),andwithalifecyclemeasuredindaysorweeks,theymutatequickly.(真菌會(huì)一直變異，它的生命周期只有幾天或者幾周，它們很快就會(huì)變異)可推測(cè)，真菌一直都會(huì)變異成新的形式出現(xiàn)。B.Theydon'tstopdevelopingnewforms.(它們不會(huì)停止發(fā)展新的形式)符合以上說(shuō)法，故選B項(xiàng)。13．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段的Plantdiseasesposeamajorproblemforfarmersglobally-insomecrops,diseasecanreduceharvestsbymorethan70percent-andfailuretodealwiththeproblemcanmeanfinancialruin.可知，對(duì)于全球的農(nóng)民來(lái)說(shuō)植物病pose一個(gè)主要的問(wèn)題——在一些作物上，病會(huì)使收成減少超過(guò)70%，如果不能解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題就意味著經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。根據(jù)句意推測(cè)劃線部分的意思是“造成”。C.Cause.(造成)符合以上說(shuō)法，故選C項(xiàng)。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的Throughnaturalselection,almostanyplantwilleventuallyproduceresistancetoFungi.(通過(guò)自然選擇，幾乎任何一種植物最終都能對(duì)真菌產(chǎn)生抗體)可推測(cè)，最后生存下來(lái)的植物可以對(duì)真菌產(chǎn)生抗體。A.Thesurvivalofthefittest.(最健康的幸存者)符合以上說(shuō)法，故選A項(xiàng)。15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，尤其是第一段的Overthepastdecade,drug-resistantdiseaseshaveappearedasamajorhealththreat.Butwheredotheydevelopthedrugresistance?Onesurprisingtheory:theymayhavedevelopedtheresistanceonfarms,andnotinhospitals.(在過(guò)去的十年中，耐藥性作為一個(gè)主要的健康威脅疾病出現(xiàn)。但，它們是在哪里產(chǎn)生耐藥性的呢？一個(gè)令人驚訝的理論是：它們可能是在農(nóng)場(chǎng)，而不是在醫(yī)院里產(chǎn)生了抗藥性)可知，本文主要講述了作物的耐藥性是產(chǎn)生于農(nóng)場(chǎng)，而不是醫(yī)院里。B.TheSourceoftheDrugResistance(耐藥性的來(lái)源)可以作為本文標(biāo)題，故選B項(xiàng)。（2020屆安徽省江淮十校高三第三次聯(lián)考）Whenfilmwasfirstinventedinthelate1800sandearly1900s,movie-goerscouldactuallyseeimagesoffar-awayplaces,likeChina,andthatfueledinterestinthearea.Throughouthistory,manyChineseAmericansaredevotedinthisarea.Now,thebackroomoftheFormosaCafelookslikeamuseumthathonorstheworksofChineseAmericansandtheircontributionstoHollywood.Chinesestereotypes（刻板印象）StereotypesoftheChineseinAmericawerestrengthenedbytheothernessofU.S.Chinatownsinthelate1800sandearly1900s.TherewasanideathattheChinesewasthe“yellowperil”,whoyoucouldn’ttrust.AndthatresultedinthecharactercalledFuManchu.FuManchuwasanevilcharacterwhowantedtodestroythewesternworld.Heappearedinmoviesandinatelevisionseries.In1926,CharlieChan,aChineseinvestigatorfromHawaii,appearedforthefirsttimeinamovie.Thiscreatedadifferent,yetstillproblematicAsianstereotype.“Yellowface”actorsCharlieChanandFuManchumayhavebeenChinesecharacters,buttheactorswereusuallywhitemenmadeuptolooklikeAsian.ActorsSidneyToler,RolandWintersandRossMartinallplayedCharlieChan.Yellowfacemeanttheyactuallyyelloweduptheirskin.WhiteactorsjustplayedtheleadcharactersinTheGoodEarth,a1937filmaboutChinesefarmers.Asianactorshadpartsinthefilm,buttheyneededbankableactors,however,therewerenoAsianAmericanbankableactors.ChinafactorsOvertheyears,AsianandChineseAmericansdidfindworkinHollywood,andafewearnedastarontheHollywoodWalkforFame.HollywoodisalsochangingthewayitpresentstheChineseculture.AsthebiggestmarketformoviesoutsidetheU.S,HollywoodhasbeenmakingfilmsthatwillnotoffendmoviegoersinChinaorthecountry’sgovernment.TheindustryhasbeencarefulnottoshowtheChineseasevil.Co-productionsbetweenHollywoodandChinesecompaniesputChinesecharactersandChinainafavorableorsatisfactoryway.1．WhyisthebackroomoftheFormosaCafementioned?A．ToshowappreciationforChineseAmericanfilmmakers.B．TodisplaytherichnessofChineseAmericanfilms.C．ToattractmorecustomerstoenjoycoffeeintheFormosaCafe.D．TorecommendaplacetomovergoerstolearnChineseAmericanfilms.2．WhatcanbeknownaboutCharlieChan?A．HecouldbefoundinaTVseries.B．Hewasanactorbearingevilreputation.C．HerepresentedinvestigatorsfromHawaii.D．Hewasn’tmuchappreciatedbymovie-goersthen.3．WhatcanbeconcludedaboutChineseAmericanfilms?A．ChineseactorswerepreferredincastingChineseroles.B．TheyfocusedonevilChineseeagertoruinAmerica.C．Chinafactorsarepositivelyviewedinthem.D．TheyhavebeenintroducingChinesestereotypes.【答案】1．A2．D3．C【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本篇介紹了美國(guó)電影發(fā)展史上的中國(guó)元素，突出強(qiáng)調(diào)電影中的中國(guó)角色，隨著時(shí)代的變遷已有了根本的改變，中國(guó)元素得到美國(guó)電影界的尊重。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Throughouthistory,manyChineseAmericansaredevotedinthisarea.Now,thebackroomoftheFormosaCafelookslikeamuseumthathonorstheworksofChineseAmericansandtheircontributionstoHollywood.(縱觀歷史，許多華裔美國(guó)人都致力于這一領(lǐng)域?，F(xiàn)在，F(xiàn)ormosaCafe的陳列室看起來(lái)像是一個(gè)紀(jì)念華裔美國(guó)人作品及其對(duì)好萊塢貢獻(xiàn)的博物館。)可知通過(guò)列舉FormosaCafe的陳列室來(lái)表達(dá)對(duì)華裔美國(guó)電影人的努力的贊賞之情。故選A項(xiàng)。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的TherewasanideathattheChinesewasthe“yellowperil”,whoyoucouldn’ttrust.及In1926,CharlieChan,aChineseinvestigatorfromHawaii,appearedforthefirsttimeinamovie.Thiscreatedadifferent,yetstillproblematicAsianstereotype.(有一種觀念認(rèn)為華人是“黃禍”，你不能相信他們。1926年，來(lái)自夏威夷的中國(guó)調(diào)查員CharlieChan首次出現(xiàn)在一部電影中。這創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)不同的，但仍然有問(wèn)題存在的亞洲刻板印象。)可知CharlieChan在當(dāng)時(shí)仍然屬于對(duì)亞洲人的刻板印象的角色，為不受人歡迎的角色，故選D項(xiàng)。3．推理判斷題。由第三段中的CharlieChanandFuManchumayhavebeenChinesecharacters,buttheactorswereusuallywhitemenmadeuptolooklikeAsian.可知當(dāng)時(shí)是美國(guó)本土人演中國(guó)角色，故A項(xiàng)排除；B項(xiàng)出處為FuManchu這一具體角色特征，不能以點(diǎn)代面；根據(jù)最后一段中的HollywoodhasbeenmakingfilmsthatwillnotoffendmoviegoersinChinaorthecountry’sgovernment.TheindustryhasbeencarefulnottoshowtheChineseasevil.(好萊塢一直在制作不會(huì)冒犯中國(guó)或中國(guó)政府的電影。這個(gè)行業(yè)一直小心翼翼，不把中國(guó)人展示為是邪惡的形象。)可知美國(guó)電影人不會(huì)在電影里冒犯中國(guó)，他們對(duì)中國(guó)人的印象已經(jīng)有了很大的改觀，所以D項(xiàng)排除，故選C項(xiàng)。（2020屆安徽省江淮十校高三第三次聯(lián)考）ThisisthecolourfulwastecreatedbyaSwedishcitywithauniquerecyclingsystem.LikemanycitiesinSweden，Eskilstunahasanimpressiverecyclingrecord.ItmettheEU2020targetofrecycling50%ofwastemanyyearsago.Butalmosteveryonewholivesherefollowsastrictrecyclingpolicyathome.Peopleareexpectedtosorttheirhouseholdwasteintosevenseparatecategories，includingfood，textiles,cartons（紙板箱）andmetal.Butwhatreallymakesthesystemstandoutisthebrightcolourcode.Thereasonforthisbecomesclearatthecity’srecyclingplant.Thebagsarrivealljumbledupbecausethey’recollectedaltogetherinarush,onceafortnightfromoutsidepeople’shouses.Butthankstothosebrightcolors,scannerscanselectthebagsandseparatethemefficiently.Thefoodwasteingreenbagsisprocessedonsiteintoacertainthickliquidtomakeburnablegas,whichpowersthecity’sbuses.Oneofthebenefitsofthismethodofrecyclingisthatthereislesscross-pollution,somoreoftherecycledwastecanactuallybeusedtomakenewthings.LiketherestofSweden，Eskilstunaiscommittedtosendingzerowastefromitscitizenstolandfill.Wastethatcannotberecycledisburntatalocalplanttogenerateelectricity.Thisreducesrelianceonfossilfuels,butdoescreategreenhousegases.Ascountriesaroundtheworldtrytoimprovetheirrecyclingrates,somemaylooktoEskilstunaasanexampletofollowaslongastheythinktheycanpersuadetheircitizenstogetbusysortingathome.4．WhatcanwelearnaboutEskilstuna?A．Itisfloodedwithcolorfulwaste.B．Itisbest-knownforwaste-recycling.C．Wastethereispaintedintosevencolors.D．Rubbishrecyclingishandledseriouslythere.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“jumbled”inparagraph2mean?A．Mixedtogether. B．Collectedorderly.C．Sealedcautiously. D．Piledpurposefully.6．Whatmaythenewrecycle-systembringabout?A．Theincreaseintheefficiencyofwasterecycling.B．Theconveniencetothecitizensinwastedropping.C．Theavoidanceofrubbishrelatedenvironmentalproblems.D．Thedecreaseofprofitforwasteplants.7．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Parents. B．Instyle.C．Fortune. D．TheNewYorkTimes.【答案】4．D5．A6．A7．D【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹挪威城市埃斯基爾斯蒂納在垃圾回收時(shí)將不同類別的垃圾用不同顏色的垃圾袋收納的獨(dú)特之舉，同時(shí)分析了此種舉措存在的優(yōu)勢(shì)。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段的第四句“Butalmosteveryonewholivesherefollowsastrictrecyclingpolicyathome.”和第五句“Peopleareexpectedtosorttheirhouseholdwasteintosevenseparatecategories，includingfood，textiles,cartons（紙板箱）andmetal.”可知，幾乎所有住在這里的人們都會(huì)在家遵守嚴(yán)格的回收政策。人們被要求將他們的家庭垃圾分成7個(gè)獨(dú)立的類別，包括食物類，紡織品類，紙板箱和金屬。由此可見(jiàn)，在Eskilstuna垃圾回收被人們嚴(yán)格的執(zhí)行。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)D正確。5．詞義猜測(cè)題。由第二段第二句“becausethey’recollectedaltogetherinarush,onceafortnightfromoutsidepeople’shouses.”可知，因?yàn)樗麄兪莾芍芤淮螐娜藗兎孔油饷娲颐Φ娜渴占?。由此可知，這些垃圾袋因?yàn)槭谴颐Φ氖占?，所以到達(dá)回收廠時(shí)是混合在一起的。單詞jumbled應(yīng)該表達(dá)的是“混合在一起”。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)A正確。6．推理判斷題。由第二段的第三句“Butthankstothosebrightcolors,scannerscanselectthebagsandseparatethemefficiently.”和第五句“Oneofthebenefitsofthismethodofrecyclingisthatthereislesscross-pollution,somoreoftherecycledwastecanactuallybeusedtomakenewthings.”可知，但是幸虧那些鮮明的顏色，掃描機(jī)能有效地挑選垃圾袋并且將他們分開(kāi)。這種回收方法的優(yōu)勢(shì)之一就是更少的交叉污染，所以實(shí)際上更多的回收垃圾能被使用來(lái)制作新的事物。由此可知，這種新的回收系統(tǒng)因?yàn)橛絮r明的顏色，垃圾袋的分開(kāi)變得有效，而且更多的垃圾得到回收，重新制作成新的事物，垃圾的回收率得到提升。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)A正確。7．推理判斷題。由全文內(nèi)容可知，第一段第二句“LikemanycitiesinSweden，Eskilstunahasanimpressiverecyclingrecord.”和最后一句“Butwhatreallymakesthesystemstandoutisthebrightcolourcode.”，第二段的第五句“Oneofthebenefitsofthismethodofrecyclingisthatthereislesscross-pollution,somoreoftherecycledwastecanactuallybeusedtomakenewthings.”和第七句“Wastethatcannotberecycledisburntatalocalplanttogenerateelectricity.”可知，像瑞典的很多城市一樣，Eskilstuna有一個(gè)令人印象深刻的回收記錄。使這個(gè)回收系統(tǒng)出色的原因是明亮的顏色代碼。這個(gè)回收方法的優(yōu)勢(shì)之一是更少的交叉污染，所以實(shí)際上更多的回收垃圾能被使用來(lái)制作新的事物。不能回收的垃圾在當(dāng)?shù)氐墓S燃燒產(chǎn)生電。由此可知整篇文章都是在講述新的垃圾回收系統(tǒng)出色的原因和其優(yōu)勢(shì)，是關(guān)于環(huán)保類的話題。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)D.TheNewYorkTimes《紐約時(shí)代》是屬于報(bào)紙類，話題可以涵蓋環(huán)保。故選項(xiàng)D正確。（2020屆安徽省江淮十校高三第三次聯(lián)考）Chocolates,syrup（糖漿）,creamontop,manyofthehotdrinksweconsumeevenmoreatthistimeofyearcertainlysoundsugary,butjusthowmuchsugartheycontainmightcomeasashock.ThehealthcampaigngroupActiononSugarhasfoundthatStarbuckshotchocolatemadewithmilkhasalmost94gramsofsugar.Thatequals23teaspoons.AtCaffeNero,thesaltedhotchocolatepacksinalmost60gramsofsugar,about15leaspoons.AndCasta’screamlatte（拿鐵）has32gramsofsugar,that’s8teaspoons.Thedrinkmakerswon’thavethosedetailslistednexttotheprice.Ifknown,itwouldbequitealarming.That’showcapitalismworks.Thecapitalistshavetogetpeopleaddictedtocertainthingstokeepsellingitmore.Iftoldtheamountofsugarcontained，manywouldtakehotdrinksjustasatreatnotonadailybasis.Somedrinkshaveactuallyreducedinsugaroverthepastfewyears，butmanymorehaven’t.Themostsugary