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TheRomanWorldChapter2TheRomanRepublic:Origins,Breakdown,andRebirthTheRomanWorldChapter2ItalyItalyTiber

RiverTiber

RiverFoundingofRome(800BC)視頻TheLegendofRomulusandRemusshe-wolfFoundingofRome(800BC)最新版西方文明史課件Chapter-2-The-Roman-Republic-1TherapeoftheSabineWomenTherapeoftheSabineWomenTheinterventionoftheSabineWomenTheinterventionoftheSabinePowersoftheWesternMediterraneanGreeksEtruscansCarthaginiansPowersoftheWesternMediterrEtruscans伊特魯里亞人Etruscans伊特魯里亞人TheRomanWorldTheRepublicTheRomanWorldTheRepublicThe

ConquestofItalyBy270B.C.,RomehadexpandedtothesoutherntipofItalyhadsucceededinestablishingcontractualalliances.建立聯(lián)盟TheConquestofItalyBy270Bcontractualalliances：Allowingcitiestokeeptheirowngovernments,traditions,andlawsDemandingonlytributeandmilitarysupportinreturnThe

ConquestofItalycontractualalliances：AllowinRomeandCarthage迦太基RomeCarthaginian

RomeandCarthage迦太基RomeAeneastellsDidothemisfortunesoftheTrojancityAeneastellsDidothemisfortu最新版西方文明史課件Chapter-2-The-Roman-Republic-1聯(lián)合國世界文化遺產(chǎn)，迦太基古城遺跡。聯(lián)合國世界文化遺產(chǎn)，迦太基古城遺跡。ThePunicWarsFirstPunicWar-(264-241BCE)foughtoverSiciliancity烏鴉吊SecondPunicWar-(219-202BCE)HannibalofCarthageledarmy acrossAlpsintoItaly.ThirdPunicWar-(149-146BCE)NorthAfricabecomesRomanprovince.ThePunicWarsFirstPunicWarHannibal’srouteHannibal’sroute最新版西方文明史課件Chapter-2-The-Roman-Republic-1最新版西方文明史課件Chapter-2-The-Roman-Republic-1最新版西方文明史課件Chapter-2-The-Roman-Republic-1最新版西方文明史課件Chapter-2-The-Roman-Republic-1HannibalofCarthage盧浮宮的漢尼拔雕像HannibalofCarthage盧浮宮的漢尼拔雕像ArchimedesArchimedes意大利西西里島，敘拉古，“阿基米德的墳?zāi)埂保?lián)合國世界文化遺產(chǎn)

意大利西西里島，敘拉古，“阿基米德的墳?zāi)埂保?lián)合國世界文化遺RomeRepublic

視頻：republicdemocracyRomeRepublic

視頻：republicdemoRomanRepublic(509-27BC)EstablishedandruledbywealthyRomancitizens(patricians)貴族Hadtogiveordinarycitizens(plebians平民)thevotebecausetheywereimportantpartoftheeconomyRomanRepublic(509-27BC)EstaRomanRepublicanGovernmentThreePartGovernment:I.ExecutiveBranch–Twoconsuls

withrighttocommandtroops.Highestcivilandmilitary magistrates. A.ElectedannuallybyAssemblyofthe Centuries B.Inemergencies,adictatorcouldbe electedforsixmonths. C.Vetoofoneconsulwouldhalta motionmadebyeitherone.RomanRepublicanGovernmentThSymbolsofRoyaltypurplerobesfasces束棒ivorychairSymbolsofRoyaltypurplerobesfascestheUSHouseofRepresentatives法國大革命時期國徽fascestheUSHouseofRepresen

II.TheSenate-about300membersofnoble orpatricianclass. A.Senatorsappointedforlife,musthave heldelectedofficebefore. B.Appointedcommanders,assignedfunds, butcouldnotpasslaws. C.Originally“elected”kings,hada conservativeeffectonRomanculture andpolitics.RomanRepublicanGovernment II.TheSenate-about300me

III.Assembly-IncludedalladultmalecitizensAssemblyoftheCenturies

A.madeupoftheentirearmy B.Wealthiercitizensvotedfirstandinfluencedresults C.electedtheconsulsandseveralothermagistrates D.votedonbillstheSenateputbeforeitTribune A.holdofficeforoneyear B.vetotheSenate C.initiateLaws(TheTwelveTables十二銅表法）

RomanRepublicanGovernment III.Assembly-IncludedallTheRomanWorldDeclineoftheRepublicTheRomanWorldDeclineoftheTiberiusGracchus提比略-格拉古133BCETiberiusreformslandlawstopreventrichlandownersfromturningimpoverishedRomancitizensintoslaves.TiberiusGracchus提比略-格拉古133BGaiusGracchusGaiusGracchusDeclineoftheRepublicInternalconflictbetweenrichandpoorGoverningoftheenormousempireAnewsystemofmilitaryrecruitmentgivingmuchpowertoindividualgeneralsDeclineoftheRepublicInternaMilitaryReformMarius馬略Sulla蘇拉

acceptedsoldiersintoarmywhoownednolandProfessionalsoldiersMilitaryReformMariusSullaacceTheFirstTriumvirate(59-53BCE)Pompey龐培Crassus克拉蘇Caesar凱撒TheFirstTriumvirate(59-53BCaesarcrossestheRubiconCaesarcrossestheRubiconTheRomanWorldTheFalloftheRepublicTheRomanWorldTheFalloftheFalloftheRepublicConflictsamongpowerfulindividuals—Crassus,Pompey,andJuliusCaesarCivilwarsCaesarasdictator:47-44B.C.Octavian’sdefeatofAntony:31B.C.OctavianFalloftheRepublicConflictsOctavianvs.AntonyCleopatraQueenoftheNileOctavianvs.AntonyCleopatraRomanEmpire(27BC–476AD)Octavian(latercalledAugustus“RespectedOne”),grand-nephewofJuliusCaesar,gainedcontrolandbecamefirstemperorofRomanEmpireRomanEmpire(27BC–476AGaiusOctaviusAugustus(27-14BCE)

TheAugustanPrincipatePrinceps:firstcitizenHonorarytitle:AugustusGaiusOctaviusAugustus(27-14最新版西方文明史課件Chapter-2-The-Roman-Republic-1RomanVirtuesCourageHonorDisciplineSacrificegeneratedfearandrespectamongRome’senemiesandloyaltyandstabilityfromitscitizens.RomanVirtuesCourageRomanGovernmentSenate(300members)Consuls(2members)HeadofGovernmentTribune(10members)PatricianPatrician&PlebianPlebianAppointedElectedElectedHoldofficeforlifeHoldofficefor1yearHoldofficefor1yearAdviseConsulsControltreasuryandforeignpolicyHeadjudiciary&militaryEachcouldveto(“Iforbid”)theotherInitiatelawsVetoSenateRomanGovernmentSenate(300meTheRomanWorldChapter2TheRomanRepublic:Origins,Breakdown,andRebirthTheRomanWorldChapter2ItalyItalyTiber

RiverTiber

RiverFoundingofRome(800BC)視頻TheLegendofRomulusandRemusshe-wolfFoundingofRome(800BC)最新版西方文明史課件Chapter-2-The-Roman-Republic-1TherapeoftheSabineWomenTherapeoftheSabineWomenTheinterventionoftheSabineWomenTheinterventionoftheSabinePowersoftheWesternMediterraneanGreeksEtruscansCarthaginiansPowersoftheWesternMediterrEtruscans伊特魯里亞人Etruscans伊特魯里亞人TheRomanWorldTheRepublicTheRomanWorldTheRepublicThe

ConquestofItalyBy270B.C.,RomehadexpandedtothesoutherntipofItalyhadsucceededinestablishingcontractualalliances.建立聯(lián)盟TheConquestofItalyBy270Bcontractualalliances：Allowingcitiestokeeptheirowngovernments,traditions,andlawsDemandingonlytributeandmilitarysupportinreturnThe

ConquestofItalycontractualalliances：AllowinRomeandCarthage迦太基RomeCarthaginian

RomeandCarthage迦太基RomeAeneastellsDidothemisfortunesoftheTrojancityAeneastellsDidothemisfortu最新版西方文明史課件Chapter-2-The-Roman-Republic-1聯(lián)合國世界文化遺產(chǎn)，迦太基古城遺跡。聯(lián)合國世界文化遺產(chǎn)，迦太基古城遺跡。ThePunicWarsFirstPunicWar-(264-241BCE)foughtoverSiciliancity烏鴉吊SecondPunicWar-(219-202BCE)HannibalofCarthageledarmy acrossAlpsintoItaly.ThirdPunicWar-(149-146BCE)NorthAfricabecomesRomanprovince.ThePunicWarsFirstPunicWarHannibal’srouteHannibal’sroute最新版西方文明史課件Chapter-2-The-Roman-Republic-1最新版西方文明史課件Chapter-2-The-Roman-Republic-1最新版西方文明史課件Chapter-2-The-Roman-Republic-1最新版西方文明史課件Chapter-2-The-Roman-Republic-1HannibalofCarthage盧浮宮的漢尼拔雕像HannibalofCarthage盧浮宮的漢尼拔雕像ArchimedesArchimedes意大利西西里島，敘拉古，“阿基米德的墳?zāi)埂?，?lián)合國世界文化遺產(chǎn)

意大利西西里島，敘拉古，“阿基米德的墳?zāi)埂?，?lián)合國世界文化遺RomeRepublic

視頻：republicdemocracyRomeRepublic

視頻：republicdemoRomanRepublic(509-27BC)EstablishedandruledbywealthyRomancitizens(patricians)貴族Hadtogiveordinarycitizens(plebians平民)thevotebecausetheywereimportantpartoftheeconomyRomanRepublic(509-27BC)EstaRomanRepublicanGovernmentThreePartGovernment:I.ExecutiveBranch–Twoconsuls

withrighttocommandtroops.Highestcivilandmilitary magistrates. A.ElectedannuallybyAssemblyofthe Centuries B.Inemergencies,adictatorcouldbe electedforsixmonths. C.Vetoofoneconsulwouldhalta motionmadebyeitherone.RomanRepublicanGovernmentThSymbolsofRoyaltypurplerobesfasces束棒ivorychairSymbolsofRoyaltypurplerobesfascestheUSHouseofRepresentatives法國大革命時期國徽fascestheUSHouseofRepresen

II.TheSenate-about300membersofnoble orpatricianclass. A.Senatorsappointedforlife,musthave heldelectedofficebefore. B.Appointedcommanders,assignedfunds, butcouldnotpasslaws. C.Originally“elected”kings,hada conservativeeffectonRomanculture andpolitics.RomanRepublicanGovernment II.TheSenate-about300me

III.Assembly-IncludedalladultmalecitizensAssemblyoftheCenturies

A.madeupoftheentirearmy B.Wealthiercitizensvotedfirstandinfluencedresults C.electedtheconsulsandseveralothermagistrates D.votedonbillstheSenateputbeforeitTribune A.holdofficeforoneyear B.vetotheSenate C.initiateLaws(TheTwelveTables十二銅表法）

RomanRepublicanGovernment III.Assembly-IncludedallTheRomanWorldDeclineoftheRepublicTheRomanWorldDeclineoftheTiberiusGracchus提比略-格拉古133BCETiberiusreformslandlawstopreventrichlandownersfromturningimpoverishedRomancitizensintoslaves.TiberiusGracchus提比略-格拉古133BGaiusGracchusGaiusGracchusDeclineoftheRepublicInternalconflictbetweenrichandpoorGoverningoftheenormousempireAnewsystemofmilitaryrecruitmentgivingmuchpowertoindividualgeneralsDeclineoftheRepublicInternaMilitaryReformMarius馬略Sulla蘇拉

acceptedsoldiersintoarmywhoownednolandProfessionalsoldiersMilitaryReformMariusSullaacceTheFirstTriumvirate(59-53BCE)Pompey龐培Crassus克拉蘇Caesar凱撒TheFirstTriumvirate(59-53BCaesarcrossestheRubiconCaesarcrossestheRubiconTheRomanWorldTheFalloftheRepublicTheRomanWorldTheFalloftheFalloftheRepublicConflictsamongpowerfulindividuals—Crassus,Pompey,andJuliusCaesarCivilwarsCaesarasdict

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