初中英語主謂一致講解教學(xué)課件

主謂一致

主謂一致是指主語和謂語必須保持人稱和數(shù)的變化一致，即句中謂語的變化形式要根據(jù)句子主語的人稱和數(shù)的形式?jīng)Q定。主謂一致通常遵循三個原則：語法一致、意義一致和就近一致原則。語法一致是指主語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。語法一致考點一：一般情況下，主語為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或代詞、不可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或代詞時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式?？键c二：動詞不定式或動詞-ing

形式作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式?？键c三：復(fù)合不定代詞anyone,anybody,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,noone,nobody,nothing作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。注意：1.“neitherof/noneof+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/代詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)形式皆可。2.either指“兩者之中任何一個”,作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。“eitherof+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/代詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)形式皆可。3.each作同位語時,謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于主語的數(shù);“eachof+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/代詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式?？键c四：當(dāng)用both...and...

連接并列主語時，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。當(dāng)and連接的兩個名詞表示兩個不同的概念時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；當(dāng)表示同一人、同一物或同一個概念，或表示不可分的整體時，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。

考點五：當(dāng)主語后面跟有with,except,including,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,inadditionto等詞語引導(dǎo)的短語時，謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。

1.MrWangtogetherwithhiswifeandchildren________inthecountryside.A.enjoyslivingB.enjoylivingC.enjoystoliveD.enjoytolive

(2019貴州銅仁)I.單項選擇2.There________alargebowlofjiaozi

onthetable.A.is B.are C.be

(2019福建)3.—Lucy,there________toomany

thingsonthedesk.Whatamess!—Sorry,Mum.I’llputthemaway.A.have B.is C.are(2019湖南郴州)4.—There________abooksaleinourschool.Wouldyouliketohavealookwithme?—Sure.I’dloveto.A.is

B.have

C.are(2019湖南湘西)5.Peterwithhisclassmates_______forthebuswhentheearthquakehappenedA.iswaiting

B.waswaiting

C.arewaiting

D.werewaiting

(2019甘肅蘭州)6.—______thereanythingnewintoday'sQianzhongMorningDaily?—No.Butthere______someinspiring

storiesworthreading.A.Is;isB.Are;areC.Is;areD.Are;is(2017貴州安順)7.Weallknowthatoneoftheworld'smostpopularsports______football.A.amB.isC.are(2017貴州貴陽)8.Listen!Thelittlegirl______singingin

theroom.A.不填

B.areC.is(2017黑龍江齊齊哈爾)9.EverybodyexceptMikeandLinda______therewhenthemeetingbegan.A.areB.was

C.were

(2016四川自貢)10.Playingcomputergamestoomuch______

badforstudents'health.A.amB.isC.are

(2016湖南張家界)11.Mary______ismyfriend,aswellashersisters,______ChineseinChina.A.that;arestudyingB.which;havestudiedC.who;studyD.who;studies

(2017內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特)II.用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Mymotherwithherfriendsoften_______(go)shoppingonweekends.(2017甘肅蘭州)2.Eachoftheseexercises_______(take)oneortwominutestodoeveryday.3.Shelikesnobodyandnobody_______(like)her.4.Bothheandhiswife_______(enjoy)tennis.5.—Whatwouldyoulike,orangejuiceor

applejuice?—Either_______(be)OK.Idon'tmind.isgoestakeslikesenjoy考點六：一些由兩部分構(gòu)成的表示物體的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如shoes,gloves,trousers,scissors,chopsticks等。但如果這些名詞前有有量詞如pair等修飾時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與量詞保持一致?？键c七：1.

“a(large/small)numberof+

復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞

/

代詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“thenumberof+

復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞

/

代詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。2.

“分?jǐn)?shù)

/

百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+

名詞”和“therest/mostof+名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)由名詞決定。I.單項選擇1.Thenumberofpeopleinthecity______aboutsevenmillionnow.

A.are

B.has

C.is(2017湖南益陽)2.Anumberofvisitors______visiting

the

WestLake

andthenumberofthe

visitors______increasing.A.are;is

B.is;are

C.are;are(2017黑龍江齊齊哈爾)Ⅱ.

用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Tom'sgloves______(be)gettingold.Ithinkapairofgloves______(be)anice

presentforhim.2.Thetwopairsofshoes_______(be)onsale.

Iwilltakethem.

3.Tobyhad100yuan.Hespent50yuanon

food.Therest_______(be)spentonbooks.areisarewas4.Twothirdsofthelandinmygarden_______(be)nogoodforgrowingpotatoes.

5.Thenumberofwomeninmyoffice

_______(be)20andonly5%ofthem

_______(return)toworkafterhavinga

baby.

returnisis意義一致是指謂語動詞和主語的一致不是取決于主語的語法形式，而是由其意義決定。意義一致考點一：當(dāng)數(shù)詞作主語或當(dāng)表示距離、金額、時間等復(fù)數(shù)名詞(詞組)作主語時，通常作為整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。考點二：有些集體名詞常指復(fù)數(shù)的人或物，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如police；有些集體名詞作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果指集體中的成員，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如family,class,team,group,crowd等；當(dāng)population意為“人口數(shù)量”時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；意為“全體居民”時，謂語動詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)形式皆可。

考點三：以-s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞如news,physics,maths,politics等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

考點四：1.

“the+

形容詞”表示一類人作主語時，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類詞有thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead等。2.

“the+

姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式”表示某一家人或夫婦兩人，其作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Look!TheSmiths___________(eat)dinnerinthekitchen.(2018甘肅蘭州)2.500yuan_______(be)enoughformetobuyagoodbike.3.Twomonths_______(be)alongtime.Wecanvisitourgrandparentsduringthosedays.isareeatingis4.Thegoodnews_______(be)thattomorrowwillbesunny.5.Physics_______(have)mademuchprogressinthiscentury.6.Police_______(be)askingforthepublic'shelpwithinformationaboutalostboynow.7.Thepopulationofthiscity_______(be)350,000.isishasare8.Fivekilometers_______(be)notlong.Iruneveneightkilometerseverymorning.9.Itseemsthattherich_______(be)gettingricherandthepoor_______(be)gettingpoorer.10.Myclass__________(be)rathernoisythismorning.was/wereisareare就近一致是指謂語動詞的數(shù)要與其最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。就近一致考點一：以or,notonly...butalso...,either...or...,neither...nor...

等連接的名詞(或代詞)作主語時，謂語動詞要和離它最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。

考點二：在therebe

句型中，如果有兩個或兩個以上的主語時，主語與謂語的一致通常遵循就近一致原則。

1.—What’sinthepictureonthewall?—There_________ateacherandsomestudentsplayingsoccerontheplayground.A.has

B.are

C.is D.have(2019四川涼山)I.單項選擇2.Eitherthestudentsortheteacher______himverywell.A.knowsB.toknowC.knowD.knew(2019甘肅天水)3.NeithermysisternorI________beentoXi’anbefore.A.havenever

B.haveever

C.hasnever

D.hasever(2019廣西百色)4.NotonlyyoubutalsoI__________interestedinthecartooncalledPeppaPig.A.am

B.is

C.are(2019四川廣元)5.NotonlyJackbutalsoI________crazyaboutthefootballmatch.A.amB.is

C.are