全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程第一冊(cè)教案-Unit1-New

全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程第一冊(cè)教案-Unit1LTUnitOneGrowingupTextAWritingforMyselfLanguagestudy1.offandon:adv.Inanintermittentmanner:sleptoffandonlastnight.2.takehold:tostarttohaveaneffectThefeverwasbeginningtotakehold.3.associate:Toconnectorjointogether;combine;ToconnectinthemindorimaginationassociateonethingwithanotherWeassociateChinawiththeGreetWall.Whatdoyouassociatewithsuchaheavysnow?4.turnout:a.toshutoff:turnedoutthelights.b.toarriveorassemble,asforapubliceventorentertainment:Alargegroupofprotestershaveturnedout.c.Toproduce,asbyamanufacturingprocess;make:anassemblylineturningoutcars.d.Tobefoundtobe,asafterexperienceortrial:Therookieturnedouttobethebesthitterontheteam.e.Toendup;result:Thecaketurnedoutbeautifully.f.Toequip;outfit:troopsthatwereturnedoutbeautifully.g.InformalTogetoutofbed.h.Toevict;expel:Thetenantswereturnedout.5.agony:Thesufferingofintensephysicalormentalpain.Hislastagonywasover.他臨死的掙扎已經(jīng)過去了。Hewasinanagonyofremorse.他處于極端悔恨之中beinagony苦惱不安deathagony(=agonyofdeath)臨死時(shí)的痛苦,垂死的掙扎inagonyofpain在痛苦的掙扎中inanagonyof處在極端...狀態(tài)中6.assign:a.Tosetapartforaparticularpurpose;desigceaction,astoforestallorpreventtheoccurrenceofsomethingexpectedortomeetawishorrequestbeforeitisarticulated:<SKW>Anticipate有時(shí)被用作expect的同義詞，但通常它不僅僅是期望這個(gè)意思，有時(shí)它指提前采取行動(dòng)，來阻止預(yù)料中某事的發(fā)生或在一項(xiàng)要求或愿望說出之前使它得到滿足：anticipatedtheattackandlockedthegates;預(yù)見會(huì)有襲擊并鎖上門；anticipatingherdesires.預(yù)先滿足她的愿望。Thetermcanalsorefertohavingaforetasteofsomethingexpectedbeforeitsoccurrence:這個(gè)詞也指在預(yù)料中某物的出現(xiàn)前就已擁有：anticipatetrouble.過早陷入麻煩。Tohopeistolookforwardwithdesireandusuallywithameasureofconfidenceinthelikelihoodofgainingwhatisdesired:Hope意思是熱切期望并對(duì)獲得所期待之物的可能性方面有一定的信心：Ihopetoseeyousoon.我希望不久就見到你。Hopeforthebest,butexpecttheworst.做最大的希望，但也等待最大的失望。Toawaitistowaitinexpectationof;itimpliescertainty:Await意思是滿懷期望的等待；暗含肯定性：eagerlyawaitingyourletter.熱切等待你的來信。8.tedious:Tiresomebyreasonoflength,slowness,ordullness;boring.atediousstory冗長(zhǎng)乏味的故事tediouswork乏味的工作boring,monotonous,tedious,irksome,tiresome,humdrum.Theseadjectivesrefertowhatissolackingininterestastocausementalweariness.Boringimpliesfeelingsoflistlessnessanddiscontent:Ihadexpectedthebooktobeboring,butonthecontraryitwasfascinating.Whatismonotonousboresbecauseoflackofvariety:表示monotonous的東西令人厭煩是因?yàn)槿鄙僮兓?“Thereisnothingsodesperatelymonotonousasthesea”(JamesRussellLowell).“沒有東西更象大海一樣單調(diào)到讓人絕望了”（詹姆士·羅素·洛威爾）。Tedioussuggestsdullslownessorlong-windedness:tedious說明令人乏味的緩慢或漫長(zhǎng)的曲折Whenwetravelfromcoasttocoast,wetakeaplanetoavoidspendingtediousdaysonthetrain.當(dāng)從一個(gè)海濱旅行到另一個(gè)海濱時(shí)，我們乘坐飛機(jī)以避免在火車上打發(fā)無聊時(shí)光。Irksomedescribeswhatisdemandingoftimeandeffortandyetisdullandoftenunrewarding:Irksome指需要時(shí)間和努力，然而是單調(diào)而且通常是沒有回報(bào)的：“Iknowandfeelwhatanirksometaskthewritingoflonglettersis”(EdmundBurke).“我知道也感到寫長(zhǎng)信是一件多么令人煩惱的任務(wù)”（埃德蒙·布克）。Somethingtiresomefatiguesbecauseitseemstobeinterminableortobemarkedbyunremittingsameness:tiresome的東西令人厭倦是因?yàn)樗雌饋頍o窮無盡或毫無變化：“Whatatiresomebeingisamanwhoisfondoftalking?”(BenjaminJowett).“夸夸其談的人多么令人討厭”（本杰明·喬維特）。Humdrumreferstowhatiscommonplace,trivial,orunexcitinglyroutine:Humdrum指陳腐、瑣碎和無趣平凡的東西：Sheledahumdrumexistence---allworkandnoplay.她過著相當(dāng)單調(diào)的生活——只有工作，沒有玩樂。9.reputation:Thegeneralestimationinwhichapersonisheldbythepublic;Thestateorsituationofbeingheldinhighesteem.;Aspecificcharacteristicortraitascribedtoapersonorthingamanofnoreputation默默無聞的人;沒有聲望的人apersonofreputation有信譽(yù)的人,體面的人buildupareputation博得名聲ablot[smirch,stain]onone’sreputation名譽(yù)上的污點(diǎn)haveagood[bad]reputation名譽(yù)好[壞]haveareputationforsth.(=havethereputationof)因...而著名,以...聞名liveuptoone'sreputation不負(fù)盛名;名副其實(shí)lose[ruin]one'sreputation名譽(yù)掃地makeanevilreputationforoneself弄得聲名狼藉ofgreat[good,high]reputation很有聲望的,享有盛名的ofnoreputation聲名狼藉的ofreputation有名望的10.inspire:Tofillwithenliveningorexaltingemotion:inspireanewthoughtintosb.將新思想灌輸給某人inspiresb.withcourage鼓起某人的勇氣inspiresth.insb.使某人產(chǎn)生某種感情;激發(fā)某人的某種感情inspiresb.withsth.使某人產(chǎn)生某種感情;激發(fā)某人的某種感情osb.把某種思想灌輸給某人11.formal:stifflyceremoniousaformalmanner;aformalgreeting;aformalbowtothemonarch.12.rigid:notflexibleorpliant;stiff.rigidinone'sviews意志堅(jiān)定rigiddiscipline嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練rigidadherencetorules嚴(yán)守規(guī)則13.outofdate:nolongeruseful,correctorfashionableoutofdatetheoriesoneducationTheinformationinlastyear’stouristguideisalreadyoutofdate.14.severe:veryserious;graveorgrievous:severementalillness.Severe,sternandstrict:Theseadjectivesmeanunsparingandexactingwithrespecttodisciplineorcontrol.<SKW>Severeimpliesadherencetorigorousstandardsorhighprinciples;thetermoftensuggeststheimpositionofharshconditions:“Praiseorblamehasbutamomentaryeffectonthemanwhoseloveofbeautyintheabstractmakeshimaseverecriticonhisownworks”(JohnKeats).“贊揚(yáng)或指責(zé)對(duì)這個(gè)人只有瞬間效應(yīng)，對(duì)抽象美的熱愛使他對(duì)自己的作品嚴(yán)加批判（約翰·凱茲）。Sternsuggestsunyieldingdisposition,uncompromisingresolution,orforbiddingappearanceornature:Stern指強(qiáng)硬的處理、不妥協(xié)的決定或冷峻的外表或氣質(zhì)：“thoughtherhusbandamanfatallysternandimplacable”(GeorgeMeredith).“認(rèn)為她丈夫是一個(gè)極端嚴(yán)厲而且毫不容情的人”（喬治·馬里蒂斯）。Strictmeansrequiringorshowingstringentobservanceofobligations,rules,orstandards:“有計(jì)劃地克制“做”某事，沒有別的理由只因你最好別做它”（威廉·杰姆森）。Strict指要求或顯示嚴(yán)格遵守義務(wù)、規(guī)則或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：“Hecouldnotbeseverenorevenpassablystrict”(W.H.Hudson).“他根本不能做到嚴(yán)厲，甚至連稍稍嚴(yán)格一點(diǎn)都做不到”(W.H.N哈德森)15.comic:characteristicoforhavingtodowithcomedy.Oforrelatingtocomicstrips.Amusing;humorous:acomicsituationinvolvingthefamily'sicopera喜歌劇comicrelief(悲劇中穿插的以寬松觀眾情緒的)喜劇性鏡頭comicbook[美]連環(huán)圖畫雜志comicpaper報(bào)紙的連環(huán)圖畫版comicstrip連環(huán)圖畫tragic(來自希臘語tragikos).adj悲劇的；悲慘的；不幸的atragicaccident不幸的事故16.antique:Anobjecthavingspecialvaluebecauseofitsage,especiallyadomesticitemorpieceoffurnitureorhandicraftesteemedforitsartistry,beauty,orperiodoforigin.Theantiqueisafake.那古董是一件贗品。anantiquedealer古董商17.tackle:trytodealwith;Totakeonandwrestlewith(anopponentoraproblem,forexample).Everyonehashisproblemtotackle.Thepolicemantackledthethief.tacklesb.about[on,over]sth.18.distribute:todeliverorpassoutdistributebooksamongthestudentsbedistributedintothreeclassesdistributeseedsoverafielddistribute...over......配給到[分配到,散布于]...distributesth.to把某物分[配,發(fā)]給...distributesth.among把某物分[配,發(fā)]給...distribute,dispense,divide,allocate都含“分配”的意思。distribute指“將某物分成一定的部分或數(shù)量，通常各份的數(shù)量不一定相等，然后分給某些人或地方”，如：distributeleaflets分發(fā)傳單。Inthe19thcenturythegovernmentdistributedlandtosettlerswillingtocultivateit.Divideimpliesgivingoutportions,oftenequal,onthebasisofaplanorpurpose.在19世紀(jì)，政府將土地分發(fā)給愿意耕種的定居者。dispensestressesthecarefuldeterminationofportions,oftenaccordingtomeasurementorweight:Dispense強(qiáng)調(diào)根據(jù)測(cè)理或稱重對(duì)所分的份額，認(rèn)真作出決定：dispensingmedication配藥；Dispense指“分配給一群人中每個(gè)人應(yīng)得的份,如：Theydispensednewclothestothechildrenintheorphanage.divide指“把整體分為若干部分”Divide表示根據(jù)計(jì)劃或目的進(jìn)行按份額分發(fā)，常是平等的：如:Theestatewillbedividedamongtheheirs.divideitintotwoallocate指“分配一定數(shù)量的財(cái)物或任務(wù)給某些人、單位或事業(yè)等”，如:We’veallocatedasumofmoneytoeducation.我們已經(jīng)撥出了一筆教育經(jīng)費(fèi)。18.faceupto:toacceptanddealwithanunpleasantfactorproblem大膽面向：Shemustfaceuptothefactthatsheisnolongeryoung.她必須正視她已不再年輕這一事實(shí)。They’llneverofferyouanotherjob;youmightaswellfaceuptoit.19.sequence:Afollowingofonethingafteranother;succession.asequenceofbumperharvests連續(xù)的大豐收inhistorical[alphabetical]sequence按歷史[字母]順序thesequenceoftenses【語】時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)20.argument:Adiscussioninwhichdisagreementisexpressed;adebate.Aquarrel;adispute.Itisbeyondargumentthat.....是無可爭(zhēng)辯的,不容爭(zhēng)辯的是...Argument,dispute,controversyThesenounsdenotediscussioninvolvingconflictingpointsofview.Argumentstressestheadvancementbyeachsideoffactsandreasonsbuttressingitscontentionandintendedtopersuadetheotherside:Emotionsareseldomswayedbyargument.情緒很少受論證的影響。Disputestressesdivisionofopinionbyitsimplicationofcontradictorypointsofviewandoftenimpliesanimosity:Dispute強(qiáng)調(diào)由于涉及相互矛盾的觀點(diǎn)而導(dǎo)致意見上的分歧，常常暗含敵意：Adisputearoseamongunionmembersaboutthetermsofthenewcontract.工會(huì)會(huì)員們?cè)谛潞贤臈l款方面產(chǎn)生爭(zhēng)執(zhí)。Controversyisespeciallyapplicabletomajordifferencesofopinioninvolvinglargegroupsofpeopleratherthanindividuals:<SKW>Controversy尤其用來指大批人，而非個(gè)別人在觀點(diǎn)上存在的分歧：Theuseofnuclearpoweristhesubjectofwidespreadcontroversy.使用核武力是一個(gè)會(huì)引起廣泛爭(zhēng)議的問題。21.recapture:bringbackintothemind;experienceagain.recaptureapositionfromtheenemy從敵人手中奪回陣地recapturethepast回憶過去;使過去再現(xiàn)22.violate:actagainstviolatealawviolatesleepviolatesb.’sprivacyThesoldiersviolatedthechurchbyusingitasastable.士兵們把教堂當(dāng)馬廄用而褻瀆了它。ThesoundofgunsviolatedtheusualcalmofSundaymorning.炮聲破壞了平常星期日早晨的寧靜。23.compose:writeorcreate(music,poetry,etc.);Tomakeuptheconstituentpartsof;constituteorform:anexhibitcomposedofFrenchpaintings;themanyethnicgroupsthatcomposeourpose,consistof,comprise,constitute這組動(dòng)詞的一般含義為“組成”或“構(gòu)成”。compose在表示“由??材料構(gòu)成”時(shí)，見于被動(dòng)語態(tài)；在用于主動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，一般它所表示的“構(gòu)成”或“組成”總包含著融合為一，而且主語或者是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或者是集體名詞。Concreteiscomposedofcement,sandandgravelmixedwithwater.混凝土由水泥、砂、石子與水摻和而構(gòu)成。Merefacts,badlystated,donotcomposeagoodbook.consistof的含義與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的compose相同Thoughthecostumeconsistsonlyofasheet,itwasveryprise在表示“構(gòu)成”時(shí)，其內(nèi)涵是“包括”或“覆蓋”Thesehousesdonotcompriseallhisproperty.Thecommitteecomprisesmenofwidelydifferentview