建筑常用英文詞匯

Adesignbasis設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)計(jì)劃建議書planningproposals設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書designorder標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范standardsandcodes條件圖informationdrawing設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)資料basicdatafordesign工藝流程圖processflowchart工程地質(zhì)資料engineeringgeologicaldata原始資料originaldata設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)度scheduleofdesignBstageofdesign設(shè)計(jì)階段方案scheme,draft草圖sketch會談紀(jì)要summaryofdiscussion談判negotiation可行性研究feasibility初步設(shè)計(jì)preliminarydesign基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)basicdesign詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)detaildesign詢價圖enquirydrawing施工圖workingdrawing,constructiondrawing竣工圖asbuiltdrawingCclimatecondition氣象條件日照sunshine風(fēng)玫瑰windrose主導(dǎo)風(fēng)向prevailingwinddirection最大(平均)風(fēng)速maximum(mean)windvelocity風(fēng)荷載windload最大(平均)降雨量maximum(mean)rainfall雷擊及閃電thunderandlightning颶風(fēng)hurricane臺風(fēng)typhoon旋風(fēng)cyclone降雨強(qiáng)度rainfallintensity年降雨量annualrainfall濕球溫度wetbulb干球溫度drybulb冰凍期frostperiod冰凍線frostline冰凍區(qū)frostzone室外計(jì)算溫度calculatingoutdoortemperature采暖地區(qū)regionwithheatingprovision不采暖地區(qū)regionwithoutheatingprovision絕對大氣壓absoluteatmosphericpressure相對濕度relativehumidityDgeneralroomname常用房間名稱辦公室office服務(wù)用房serviceroom換班室shiftroom休息室restroom(breakroom)起居室livingroom浴室bathroom淋浴間shower更衣室lockerroom廁所lavatory門廳lobby診室clinic工作間workshop電氣開關(guān)室switchroom走廊corridor檔案室archive電梯機(jī)房liftmotorroom車庫garage清潔間cleaningroom會議室(正式)conferenceroom會議室meetingroom衣柜間wardrobe暖風(fēng)間h.v.a.croom飯店restaurant餐廳canteen,diningroom廚房kitchen入口entrance接待處receptionarea會計(jì)室accountant秘書室secretaryroom電氣室electrical控制室controlroom工長室foremanoffice開關(guān)柜室switchgear前室antecabinet生產(chǎn)區(qū)productionarea馬達(dá)控制中心mcc多功能用房utility化驗(yàn)室laboratoryroom經(jīng)理室managerroom披屋(閣樓)penthouse警衛(wèi)室guardhouseEroofingandceiling屋面及天棚女兒墻parapet雨蓬canopy屋脊roofridge坡度slope坡跨比pitch分水線water-shed二氈三油2layersoffelt&3coatsofbitumastic附加油氈一層extraplyoffelt檐口eave挑檐overhangingeave檐溝eavegutter平屋面flatroof坡屋面pitchedroof雨水管downspout,rainwaterpipe)(r.w.p)匯水面積catchmentarea泛水flashing內(nèi)排水interior外排水exterior滴水drip屋面排水roofdrainage找平層levelingcourse卷材屋面built-uproofing天棚ceiling檁條purlin屋面板roofingboard天花板ceilingboard防水層water-proofcourse檢查孔inspectionhole人孔manhole吊頂suspendedceiling,falseceiling檐板(窗簾盒)corniceFwall(cladding)墻體(外墻板)磚墻brickwall砌塊墻blockwall清水磚墻brickwallwithoutplastering抹灰墻renderedwall石膏板墻gypsumboard,plasterboard空心磚墻hollowbrickwall承重墻bearingwall非承重墻non-bearingwall縱墻longitudinalwall橫墻transversewall外墻external(exterior)內(nèi)墻internal(interior)填充墻fillerwall防火墻firewall窗間墻wallbetweenwindow空心墻cavitywall壓頂coping圈梁gird,girt,girth玻璃隔斷glazedwall防潮層damp-proofcourse(d.p.c)遮陽板sunshade陽臺balcony伸縮縫expansionjoint沉降縫settlement抗震縫seismicjoint復(fù)合夾心板sandwichboard壓型單板corrugatedsinglesteelplate外墻板claddingpanel復(fù)合板compositepanel輕質(zhì)隔斷l(xiāng)ight-weightpartition牛腿bracket磚煙囪brickchimney勒腳(基座)plinthGfloorandtrench地面及地溝地坪grade地面和樓面groundandfloor素土夯實(shí)rammedearth爐渣夯實(shí)tamped填土filledearth回填土夯實(shí)tampedbackfill墊層beddingcourse,面層covering,finish結(jié)合層bonding(binding)course找平層levelingcourse素水泥漿結(jié)合層neatcementbindingcourse混凝土地面concretefloor水泥地面cementfloor機(jī)器磨平混凝土地面machinetrowelledconcretefloor水磨石地面terrazzoflooring馬賽克地面mosaicflooring瓷磚地面ceramictileflooring油地氈地面linoleumflooring預(yù)制水磨石地面precastterrazzoflooring硬木花地面hard-woodparquetflooring擱柵joist硬木毛地面hard-woodroughflooring企口板地面tonguedandgroovedflooring防酸地面acid-resistantfloor鋼筋混凝土樓板reinforcedconcreteslab(r.cslab)乙烯基地面vinylflooring水磨石嵌條dividerstripforterrazzo地面做2％坡floorwith2%slope集水溝gully集水口gulley排水溝drainagetrench溝蓋板trenchcover活動蓋板removablecoverplate集水坑sumppit孔翻邊holeupstand電纜溝cabletrenchHdoors,glass,windows&ironmongery(hardware)門、玻璃、窗及五金件木(鋼)門wooden(steel)door鑲板門panelleddoor夾板門plywooddoor鋁合金門aluminumalloy卷簾門rollershutterdoor彈簧門swingdoor推拉門slidingdoor平開門side-hung折疊門foldingdoor旋轉(zhuǎn)門revolving玻璃門glazeddoor密閉門air-tightdoor保溫門thermalinsulatingdoor鍍鋅鐵絲網(wǎng)門galvanizedsteelwiremeshdoor防火門firedoor(大門上的)小門wicket門框doorframe門扇doorleaf門洞dooropening結(jié)構(gòu)開洞structuralopening單扇門singledoor雙扇門doubledoor疏散門emergencydoor紗門screendoor門檻doorsill門過梁doorlintel上冒頭toprail下冒頭bottomrail門邊木stile門樘側(cè)料sidejumb槽口notch木窗woodenwindow鋼窗steelwindow鋁合金窗aluminumalloywindow百葉窗(通風(fēng)為主)sun-bind,louver(louver,shutter,blind)塑鋼窗plasticsteelwindow空腹鋼窗hollowsteel固定窗fixedwindow平開窗side-hungwindow推拉窗slidingwindow氣窗transom上懸窗top-hungwindow中懸窗center-pivotedwindow下懸窗hopperwindow活動百葉窗adjustablelouver天窗skylight老虎窗dormerwindow密封雙層玻璃sealeddoubleglazing鋼筋混凝土過梁reinforcedconcretelintel鋼筋磚過梁reinforcedbricklintel窗扇casementsash窗臺windowsill窗臺板windowboard窗中梃窗橫木mutin窗邊木stile壓縫條covermould窗簾盒curtainbox合頁(鉸鏈)hinge(butts)轉(zhuǎn)軸pivot長腳鉸鏈parliamenthinge閉門器doorcloser地彈簧floor插銷bolt門鎖doorlock拉手pull鏈條chain門鉤doorhanger碰球balllatch窗鉤window暗插銷insertbolt電動開關(guān)器electricopener平板玻璃plate夾絲玻璃wireglass透明玻璃clear毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃)groundglass(frostedglass)防彈玻璃bullet-proofglass石英玻璃quartzglass吸熱玻璃heatabsorbingglass磨光玻璃polishedglass著色玻璃pigmented玻璃瓦glasstile玻璃磚glassblock有機(jī)玻璃organicglassIstaircase,landing&lift(elevator)樓梯、休息平臺及電梯樓梯stair樓梯間staircase疏散梯emergencystair旋轉(zhuǎn)梯spiralstair(circularstair)吊車梯craneladder直爬梯verticalladder踏步step扇形踏步winder(wheelstep)踏步板tread檔步板riser踏步寬度treadwidth防滑條non-slipinsert(strips)欄桿railing(balustrade)平臺欄桿platformrailing吊裝孔欄桿railingaroundmountinghole扶手handrail梯段高度heightofflight防護(hù)梯籠protectingcage(safetycage)平臺landing(platform)操作平臺operatingplatform裝卸平臺platformforloading&unloading樓梯平臺stairlanding客梯passengerlift貨梯goodslift客/貨兩用梯goods/passengerlift液壓電梯hydrauliclift自動扶梯escalator觀光電梯observationelevator電梯機(jī)房liftmortarroom電梯坑liftpit電梯井道liftshaftJbuildingmaterialwordsandphrases建筑材料詞匯及短語bricksandtiles磚和紅磚redbrick粘土磚claybrick瓷磚glazedbrick(ceramictile)防火磚firebrick空心磚hollow面磚facingbrick地板磚flooring缸磚clinkerybrick馬賽克mosaic陶?；炷羉eramsiteconcrete琉璃瓦glazedtile脊瓦ridgetile石棉瓦asbestostile(shingle)波形石棉水泥瓦corrugatedasbestoscementsheetlime,sandandstone灰、砂和石膏gypsum大理石marble漢白玉whitemarble花崗巖granite碎石crushedstone毛石rubble蛭石珍珠巖pearlite水磨石terrazzo卵石cobble礫石gravel粗砂course中砂medium細(xì)砂finesandcement,mortarandconcrete水泥、砂漿和混凝波特蘭水泥(普通硅酸鹽水泥)portlandcement硅酸鹽水泥silicatecement火山灰水泥pozzolana白水泥whitecement水泥砂漿cementmortar石灰砂漿limemortar水泥石灰砂漿(混合砂漿)cement-limemortar保溫砂漿thermalmortar防水砂漿water-proofmortar耐酸砂漿acid-resistantmortar耐堿砂漿alkaline-resistantmortar瀝青砂漿bituminousmortar紙筋灰paperstripmixedlimemortar麻刀灰hempcutlimemortar灰縫mortarjoint素混凝土plainconcrete鋼筋混凝土reinforcedconcrete輕質(zhì)混凝土lightweightconcrete細(xì)石混凝土fineaggregateconcrete瀝青混凝土asphalt泡沫混凝土foamedconcrete爐渣混凝土cinderconcretefacingandplasteringmaterials飾面及粉刷材水刷石graniticplaster斬假石artificialstone刷漿limewash可賽銀casein大白漿whitewash麻刀灰打底hempcutsandlimeasbase噴大白漿兩道sprayedtwicewithwhitewash分格抹水泥砂漿cementmortarplastersectioned板條抹灰lathandplasterasphalt(bitumen)andasbestos瀝青和石瀝青卷材asphaltfelt瀝青填料asphaltfiller瀝青膠泥asphaltgrout冷底子油adhesivebitumenprimer瀝青瑪啼脂asphaltic瀝青麻絲bitumasticoakum石棉板asbestossheet石棉纖維asbestosfibertimber木裂縫crack透裂split環(huán)裂shake干縮翹曲warping原木log圓木roundtimber方木square板材plank木條板條lath木板board紅松redpine白松whitepine落葉松deciduouspine云杉spruce柏木cypress白楊whitepoplar樺木冷杉fir櫟木oak榴木willow榆木elm杉木柚木teak樟木camphorwood防腐處理的木材preservative-treatedlumber膠合板plywood三(五)合板3(5)-plywood企口板tonguedandgroovedboard層夾板laminatedplank膠合層夾木材glue-laminatedlumber纖維板fiber-board竹子bamboometallicmaterials金屬材黑色金屬ferrousmetal圓鋼steelbbar方鋼squaresteel扁鋼steelstrap,flat型鋼steelsection(shape)槽鋼channel角鋼anglesteel等邊角鋼equal-legangle不等邊角鋼unequal-legangle工字鋼i-beam寬翼緣工字鋼wideflangei-beam丁(之)字鋼t-bar(z-bar)冷彎薄壁型鋼lightgaugecold-formedsteelshape熱軋hot-rolled冷軋cold-rolled冷拉cold-drawn冷壓合金鋼alloysteel鈦合金titaniumalloy不銹鋼stainlesssteel竹節(jié)鋼筋corrugatedsteelbar變形鋼筋deformedbar光圓鋼筋plainroundbar鋼板steelplate薄鋼板thinsteel低碳鋼lowcarbon冷彎coldbending鋼管steelpipe(tube)無縫鋼管seamlesssteel焊接鋼管weldedsteelpipe黑鐵管ironpipe鍍鋅鋼管galvanizedsteelpipe鑄鐵castiron生鐵pigiron熟鐵wroughtiron鍍鋅鐵皮galvanizedsteel鍍鋅鐵絲galvanizedsteelwire鋼絲網(wǎng)steelwiremesh多孔金屬網(wǎng)expandedmetal錳鋼managanesesteel高強(qiáng)度合金鋼highstrengthalloysteelnon-ferrousmetal有色金金gold白金platinum銅copper黃銅brass青銅銀silver鋁鉛leadanti-corrosionmaterials防腐蝕材聚乙烯polythene,polyethylene尼龍nylon聚氯乙烯pvc(polyvinylchloride)聚碳酸酯polycarbonate聚苯乙烯polystyrene丙烯酸樹酯acrylicresin乙烯基酯vinylester橡膠內(nèi)襯rubber氯丁橡膠neoprene瀝青漆bitumenpaint環(huán)氧樹脂漆epoxyresinpaint氧化鋅底漆zincoxideprimer防銹漆anti-rustpaint耐酸漆acid-resistantpaint耐堿漆alkali-resistant水玻璃sodiumsilicate樹脂砂漿resin-bondedmortar環(huán)氧樹脂epoxyresinbuildinghardware建筑五釘子nails螺紋屋面釘spiral-threadedroofingnail環(huán)紋石膏板釘annular-ringgypsumboardnail螺絲screws平頭螺絲flat-headscrew螺栓bolt普通螺栓commercialbolt高強(qiáng)螺栓highstrengthbolt預(yù)埋螺栓insert脹錨螺栓cinchbolt墊片washerpaint油漆底漆防銹底漆rust-inhibitiveprimer防腐漆anti-corrosionpaint調(diào)和漆mixed無光漆flatpaint透明漆varnish銀粉漆aluminumpaint磁漆enamel干性油drying稀釋劑thinner焦油tar瀝青漆asphaltpaint桐油tungoil,chinesewoodoil紅丹red鉛油lead膩?zhàn)觩uttyKotherarchitecturalterms其它建筑術(shù)語discipline專業(yè)建筑土木civil給排水watersupplyanddrainage總圖plotplan采暖通風(fēng)h.v.a.c(heating、ventilationandairconditioning)電力供應(yīng)electricpowersupply電氣照明electriclighting電訊telecommunication儀表instrument熱力供應(yīng)heatpowersupply動力mechanicalpower工藝process管道pipingconventionalterms一般通用名建筑原理architectonics建筑形式architectural民用建筑civilarchitecture城市建筑urbanarchitecture農(nóng)村建筑ruralarchitecture農(nóng)業(yè)建筑farmbuilding工業(yè)建筑industrialbuilding重工業(yè)的heavyindustrial輕工業(yè)的lightindustrial古代建筑ancientarchitecture現(xiàn)代建筑modernarchitecture標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化建筑standardizedbuildings附屬建筑auxiliarybuildings城市規(guī)劃cityplanning廠區(qū)內(nèi)withinsite廠區(qū)外offsite封閉式closedtype開敞式opentype半開敞式semi-open模數(shù)制modularsystem單位造價unitcost概算preliminaryestimate承包商constructor,contractor現(xiàn)場site擴(kuò)建extension改建reconstruction防火fire-prevention防震aseismatic,quake-proof防腐anti-corrosion防潮dump-proof防水防塵dust-proof防銹rust-proof車流量trafficvolume貨流量freighttrafficvolume人流量pedestrianvolume透視圖perspective建筑模型buildingmodelarchitecturalphysics建筑物照明illumination照度degreeofillumination亮度brightness日照sunshine天然采光naturallighting光強(qiáng)lightintensity側(cè)光side頂光toplight眩光glaze方位角azimuth輻射radiation對流傳導(dǎo)遮陽sun-shade保溫thermalinsulation恒溫constant恒濕constanthumidity噪音noise隔音sound-proof吸音soundabsorption露點(diǎn)dewpoint隔汽vapor-proofnameofprofessionalrole職務(wù)名項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理projectmanager(pm)設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)理designmanager首席建筑師principalarchitect總工程師chiefengineer土木工程師civilengineer工藝工程師processengineer電氣工程師electrical機(jī)械工程師mechanical計(jì)劃工程師planningengineer助理工程師assistantengineer實(shí)習(xí)生probationer專家specialist,expert制圖員draftsman技術(shù)員techniciandrafting制圖總說明generalspecification工程說明projectspecification采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范目錄listofstandardsandspecificationadopted圖紙目錄listofdrawings平面圖plan局部放大圖detailwithenlargedscale．．．平面示意圖schematicplanof...．．．平剖面圖sectionalplanof...留孔平面圖planofprovisionof剖面section縱剖面longitudinalsection橫剖面cross(transverse)section立面elevation正立面frontelevation透視圖perspectivedrawing側(cè)立面side背立面back詳圖detaildrawings典型節(jié)點(diǎn)typicaldetail節(jié)點(diǎn)號detailno.首頁frontpage圖紙目錄及說明listofcontentsanddescription圖例legend示意圖diagram草圖sketch荷載簡圖loaddiagram流程示意圖flow標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖standard．．．布置圖layoutof...地形圖topographicalmap土方工程圖earth-workdrawing展開圖developeddrawing模板圖formworkdrawing配筋arrangementofreinforcement表格tables工程進(jìn)度表workingschedule技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)technicalandeconomicali