高考英語閱讀理解之推理判斷題（二）含答案

2022高考英語閱讀理解之推理判斷題（二）1.文章來源和讀者對象推斷推測文章的來源或者讀者對象要求考生本身要具備一定的常識,這樣文章的內(nèi)容才能與讀者本身具備的常識結(jié)合起來。比如讀者本身要對報紙、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、科普、小說、廣告、說明書、旅游指南等有基本的了解,這樣才能根據(jù)文章的特點(diǎn)對號入座,選出正確的答案。主要設(shè)題方式有:Thispassagewouldbemostlikelytobefoundin.

Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom.

Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?Whichsectionofamagazineisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?Thetextisintendedfor.

2.推理判斷題選項特點(diǎn)(1)正確選項特點(diǎn):◆是“弦外之音”,是立足原文推斷出來的內(nèi)容,而不是直接敘述的具體信息?！魶]有絕對概念的字眼,如only,never,all,absolutely等。因?yàn)槭歉鶕?jù)原文推斷出來的內(nèi)容,略有模糊成分,留有余地,常含有usually,may,some,might,can,possibly等詞匯。(2)干擾選項特點(diǎn):◆張冠李戴。使用了原文出現(xiàn)的詞匯或者句式,但不是本題的內(nèi)容。◆顛倒是非。選項內(nèi)容涉及了原文中提及的內(nèi)容,但是選項意思與之恰恰相反?！魺o中生有。這類選項往往是基本的生活常識,觀點(diǎn)是正確的,但不是本文表示的內(nèi)容?！魯U(kuò)縮范圍。原文中可能出現(xiàn)了像almost,all,nearly,morethan,normally,usually等詞語對文章內(nèi)容加以限制,干擾項改變了原文范圍?！羟馕囊?。根據(jù)文中某一句話或者利用了里面的字詞設(shè)計出選項,看似表達(dá)了文章的意思,實(shí)際上是借題發(fā)揮,曲解了文章原意。典例精析1：Whaleygottheideaofthissecond－gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.“Boastingaboutyourself，andyourbestqualities，”Whaleysays，“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley'sprojectisto_________.A．helpstudentsseetheirownstrengthsB．a(chǎn)ssessstudents'publicspeakingskillsC．preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsD．inspirestudents'loveforpolitics根據(jù)“Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves”和最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，老師讓學(xué)生參加競選演說不僅僅是讓學(xué)生們學(xué)會在公開場合演說，更重要的是讓他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的長處，從而樹立自信。A項意為“幫助學(xué)生看到自己的長處”，與原文意思相符。故選__A__。典例精析2：ManyofusloveJulybecauseit'sthemonthwhennature'sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia'sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.Ofthecommonberries，strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC，although，becauseoftheirseeds，raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白質(zhì))，ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein)．..Ifyouhavea_juicer，youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft－serve”creamydessert，tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren'sparty；theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.◆Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A．Abiologytextbook. B．Ahealthmagazine.C．Aresearchpaper. D．Atravelbrochure.文章首先指出七月是水果盛產(chǎn)的季節(jié)，并指出各種水果富含的營養(yǎng)，最后一段指出可以用ajuicer為孩子們做一些甜點(diǎn)和冰激凌，故本文很可能是從健康雜志上摘取的文章。故選B。典例精析3：InfactJamescameonceayear,unexpectedly,aroundeighto'clockintheevening,andhestayedforsixhoursofclosediscussionwithhisbrother.Hisarrivalwasasignaltothechildrenthattheirbedtimewouldbedelayed.Notthatheeverspoketothemorplayedwiththem.Hetooknonoticeofthem,asifhewereunabletoseechildren,atleastuntilthetimecameforhimtogo.Indeed,afterhisfirstgreetingandacarelesskiss,JamestooknonoticeofMaggieeither,excepttoadd,“You'llbegettingonwiththesupper,Maggie.”Suchwashisregardforher.Maggiepaidhimbackinherownway.Shekeptthechildrenup,thefourofthem,tokeephercompany,shesaid,butofcoursetheysangandmadeanoiseandbroketheendlesssoundofJames'voice.Verylate,theydroppedofftosleepintheirchairs.Then,whenJameswasabouttogo,Maggiewokethemupandsomoreorlessforcedhimtopartwithfourshillingsbeforeheleft.Thatgavehersomesatisfaction,forJames,thoughrich,wasunwillingtogiveorsharewhathehad.Healwayswenthometakingthelasttrain,justaftertwoo'clock.1.WhatdoweknowaboutJames'behaviour?A.Hewasakindman,withloveforthefamily.B.Hewasunselfish,especiallywithhisbrother.C.Hewasanxioustopleasethefamily,especiallythechildren.D.Hewasrudetohissister-in-law.2.Maggiefeltpleasedwhen.

A.shepaidJamesthemoneythatsheowedhimB.JamesgavesomemoneytothechildrenC.shehadtowakeJamesuptocatchhistrainD.Jamesthankedherforthenicesupper答案1.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的...excepttoadd,“You'llbegettingonwiththesupper,Maggie.”Suchwashisregardforher.可知他對Maggie的態(tài)度不是很友好,故答案為D。2.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的Maggiewokethemupandsomoreorlessforcedhimtopartwithfourshillingsbeforeheleft.Thatgavehersomesatisfaction可知答案為B。課后練習(xí)（A）ThislittleSouthAmericanMagellanicpenguinswims5,000miles,toabeachinBrazil,everyyearinordertobereunitedwiththemanwhosaveditslife.Itsoundslikesomethingoutofafairytale,butit’strue!The71-year-oldretiredbricklayerJoao,wholivesinanislandvillagejustoutsideRiodeJaneiro,Brazil,foundthesmallMagellanicpenguinlyingonrocksathislocalbeachin2011.Thepenguinwascoveredinoilandrunningoutoftimefast.Joaorescuedthepenguin,namingitDinDin,cleanedtheoiloffitsfeathersandfedhimadailydietoffishtorebuilditsstrength.Afteraweekofrecovery,Joaoattemptedtoreleasethepenguinbackintothewild.However,DinDinhadalreadyformedafamilybondwithhisrescuerandwouldn’tleave.“Hestayedwithmefor11monthsandthen,justafterhechangedhiscoatwithnewfeathers,hedisappeared,”Joaorecalls.“Ilovethepenguinlikeit’smyownchildandIbelievethepenguinlovesme,”JoaotoldGlobo.“Nooneelseisallowedtotouchhim.Hepecks(啄)themiftheydo.Heliesonmylap,letsmegivehimshowers,andallowsmetofeedhim.”ProfessorKrajewski,abiologistwhointerviewedthefishermanforGlobo,toldTheIndependent,“Ihaveneverseenanythinglikethisbefore.IthinkthepenguinbelievesJoaoispartofhisfamilyandprobablyapenguinaswell.”However,environmentalistswarnthat,whilehundredsoftheMagellanicspeciesareknowntonaturallymigrate(遷徙)thousandsofmilesnorthinsearchoffood,therehasbeenaworryingriseinthephenomenonofoceaniccreatureswasheduponBrazil’sbeaches.ProfessorDavidZee,fromRiodeJaneiro’sStateUniversity,saidtheincreaseisdueinparttoglobalclimaticchanges.ProfessorZeeaddedthatseaanimalsfaceincreaseddangerfromleakedtankeroil.LuckilytheendingforJoaoandDinDinhasbeenahappyone,eventhoughitisillegalinBraziltokeepwildanimalsaspets.ProfessorKrajewskisaid,“Professionalswhoworkwithanimalstrytoavoidrelationshipslikethisoccurringsotheyareabletoreintroducetheanimalsintothewild.ButinthissinglecasetheauthoritiesallowedDinDintostaywithJoaobecauseofhiskindness.”1.EveryyearDinDinswimsalongdistancetoabeachinBrazilto.

A.avoidbeingkilledB.meethisrescuerC.escapefromoceancurrentsD.findmuchmorefish2.WhenDinDinwasfoundin2011,.

A.hewasdyingB.hewasrunningonthebeachC.hewasrestingonarockD.hewascleaningoiloffhisfeathers3.WhatcanwelearnaboutJoaofromthepassage?A.Heisnotallowedtokeepthepenguinasapetbytheauthorities.B.Heoverprotectsthepenguinbykeepinghimawayfromothers.C.Hiscontactwiththepenguinisencouragedbyprofessionals.D.Hiskindnesswinsthepenguin’strust.4.Thestoryinthepassagemainlyshows.

A.theenvironmentalimpactonwildlifeB.thelovebetweenhumansandwildlifeC.thetendencyofwildlifetobondwithhumansD.theprotectionofthreatenedwildlifebymankind（B）PearlFryarknewhewantedtodosomethinguniquewiththefarmlandheboughtinSouthCarolina.Hewantedtowinthelocalgardenclub’s“YardoftheMonth”award.Fryardidn’thavethemoneytopurchasenewtrees,sohebeganbyusingbushesandshrubsthatalocalnurseryhadthrownaway—plantsthatlookeddeadtomostpeople.Becauseheworkeddaysatafactory,Fryaroftentendedhisgardenatnight.Neighborsgotusedtoseeinghimstandontheladder,cuttinguphissteadilygrowingbushes.Theshrubsbegantotakeondifferentshapes.Astheyearswentby,thecreationsbecamemoredelicate.Fryarbeganplantingtreesandusingzipties,coathangers,PVCpipe,andevenhiswife’soldstockingstoachievetheformshewanted.“Hehasawayofhandlingplantstodothingshewantsthemtobytraining,bending,wiringandclipping,”saidaneighbor.ManyprofessionalgardenersareamazedbywhatFryarhasbeenabletoaccomplish.Someplantswhichwouldn’tsurviveintheSouththrivedunderhiscare.Fryar’sattentiontodetailandhiswillingnesstoworkhardhavemadehimalocalhero.HewasthefirstAfricanAmericantowin“YardoftheMonth”fromthelocalgardenclub.Fryar’sgardennowincludesabout400speciesofplantsand150differentplantsculptures.Aboxfordonationscanbefoundontheproperty,butgivingisoptional.Fryarwelcomespeoplewhocan’taffordtopay.Heunderstands.He’sbeenthere.“Youcanbesomebody,”hetellsstudentswhovisitthegarden.“Showmeanyonewhoworksatanythingwithapassionandhaspatience,andthey’regoingtobesuccessful.Bestrongenoughnottoletthebarriersinlifestopyou.”1.HowdidFryarmakehisgardenunique?A.Hemadetheplantsintodifferentshapes.B.Heboughtnewtreesfromalocalnursery.C.Heusedhisprofessionalknowledge.D.Heaskedhisneighborstocutuphisbushes.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“thrived”inParagraph4mean?A.Diedaway. B.Becameweak. C.Fadedslowly. D.Grewstrong.3.WhatmadeFryarwintheaward?A.Passionandinnovation.B.Patienceandgenerosity.C.Ambitionandsympathy.D.Willingnessandhonesty.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.MakingaManintoaHeroB.TheHardLifeofPearlFryarC.TransformingaGardenintoArtD.TheFirstManof“YardoftheMonth”（C）MinutesafterthelastmovieendedyesterdayatthePlazaTheater,employeeswerebusysweepinguppopcornsandgatheringcokecups.Itwasascenethathadbeenrepeatedmanytimesinthetheater's75－yearhistory.Thistime,however,thecleanupwasalittledifferent.Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish,anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforthebuilding'send.ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary－eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood－byetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.BradfordsaidthatlargemoderntheatersinthecitymadeitimpossibleforthePlazatocompete.Headdedthatthetheater'slocation(位置)wasalsoareason.“Thisusedtobethecenteroftown，”hesaid.“Nowtheareaismostlyofficebuildingsandwarehouses.”Lastweeksomecityofficialssuggestedthecitymightbeinterestedinturningtheoldtheaterintoamuseumandpublicmeetingplace.However,theseplanswereabandonedbecauseoffinancialproblems.Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.Thetheateraudiencesaidgood－byeasBradfordlockedthedoorsforthelasttime.After75yearsthePlazaTheaterhadshownitslastmovie.Thetheaterwillbemissed.1．Inwhatwaywasyesterday'scleanupatthePlazaspecial？A．Itmaderoomfornewequipment.B．Itsignaledtheclosedownofthetheater.C．Itwasdonewiththehelpoftheaudience.D．Itmarkedthe75thanniversaryofthetheater.2．WhywasTheLastPictureShowputon？A．Itwasanall－timeclassic.B．Itwasaboutthehistoryofthetown.C．Theaudiencerequestedit.D．Thetheaterownerfounditsuitable.3．Whatwillprobablyhappentothebuilding？A．Itwillberepaired.B．Itwillbeturnedintoamuseum.C．Itwillbeknockeddown.D．Itwillbesoldtothecitygovernment.4．Whatcanweinferabouttheaudience？A．TheyaredisappointedwithBradford.B．Theyaresadtopartwiththeoldtheater.C．Theyaresupportiveofthecityofficials.D．Theyareeagertohaveashoppingcenter.參考答案：1.B根據(jù)第一段第一句“ThislittleSouthAmericanMagellanicpenguinswims5,000miles,toabeachinBrazil,everyyearinordertobereunitedwiththemanwhosaveditslife”可知,這只南美洲的小麥哲倫企鵝每年都要游5000英里到巴西的一個海灘去見救了它生命的人。據(jù)此可知,它每年要游很長的路程是為了見救它生命的人,故B項正確。2.A。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Thepenguinwascoveredinoilandrunningoutoftimefast”可知,這只企鵝渾身是油,很快就要死亡,故A項正確。3.D。根據(jù)第二段第三、四句“Joao