2022年中考英語定語從句講義

復(fù)合句之定語從句1.根據(jù)定義定特點在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫作定語從句。兩個句子之間通過關(guān)系代詞(that,which,who,whom,whose)或關(guān)系副詞(when,where,why)連接起來。定語從句前的那個被修飾的名詞或代詞叫作先行詞。如：RunningManisaveryrelaxingTVprogramwhichispopularamongtheyoungpeople.主句：RunningManisaveryrelaxingTVprogram從句：whichispopularamongtheyoungpeople先行詞：TVprogram關(guān)系代詞：which因此,如果確定是考查定語從句,我們就可以排除不是關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的選項,如：what。2.根據(jù)成分選連詞在此過程中要掌握“三看”原則。(1)一看指人還是物先行詞指人：that,who(曲靖：2016.39),whose,whom先行詞指物：that(曲靖：2016.45),which,whose(2)二看句中作何用所作成分關(guān)系詞主語who(人),which(物),that(人/物)賓語who/whom(人),which(物),that(人/物)定語whose(人/物)狀語where(地點),when(時間),why(原因)如果從句中缺少主干成分，補關(guān)系代詞；如果從句中不缺主干成分，補關(guān)系副詞。(3)看是否是特殊情況關(guān)系詞只能用that的幾種情況①當(dāng)先行詞是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代詞時(曲靖：2017.40)。---Tomtoldhismotherallthathadhappened.湯姆把發(fā)生的所有事情告訴了他的媽媽。②當(dāng)先行詞前面有theonly,thevery,thelast等修飾時。---ThisistheonlybookthatIcanfind.這就是我能找到的唯一的一本書。③當(dāng)序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾先行詞時。---ThetallestplayerthatplaysfootballforourteamisfromShanghai.為我們足球隊踢足球的那個最高的運動員來自上海。④當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時。---Let’stalkaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatwecanremember.讓我們談?wù)撐覀兡軌蛴浧鸬娜撕褪?。關(guān)系詞只能用which的幾種情況①關(guān)系代詞放在介詞之后。---Thisisthefactoryinwhichweonceworked.這是我們曾工作過的工廠。②非限制性定語從句。---Thisisafamousbook,whichwaswrittenbyLuXun.這是魯迅寫的一本書。③that,those作主語指物時。---ThosewhichareonthedeskareEnglishbooks.桌子上的那些是英語書。用who而不用that的情況①當(dāng)先行詞為people和those(指人)時,只能用who。---Thosewhowanttogotherecomehereplease.那些想去那兒的人請來這邊。②當(dāng)先行詞為one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(指人)時,只能用who。---Anyonewhoisagainstusisourenemy.任何反對我們的人就是我們的敵人?！狙a充說明】1.引導(dǎo)詞that與which用法區(qū)別which前面可以有介詞,that不行。當(dāng)先行詞指物、原因、地點或時間等時,prep+which---ThesmallvillageinwhichIspentmychildhoodhasalotofbigchanges.2.先行詞是all/everything/nothing/something/anything等不定代詞時其后必須用that---Thereisnothingthatcanmakehimhappyagain./Everythingthatwesawinthisfilmwastrue.

3.作為先行詞的名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級以及any,one,little,few,all,noneof或theonly/thevery（恰好;正好）/thejust（正好;恰好）等限定語時其后必須用that。---Thatisthefirst/thebest/theonlymovie(that)I’dliketosee./TomisthecleverestboythatIhaveeverknown./Thefirstonethatstandsupisalittleboy.

4.當(dāng)先行詞是數(shù)詞時用that引導(dǎo)。---Therearethreethatlikedrawingpicturesinourclass.我們班上有三個喜歡畫畫的學(xué)生。5.當(dāng)先行詞既有人也有物時用that。---Weweredeeplymovedbytheteachersandschoolsthatwehadvisited.我們被訪問過的老師和學(xué)校深深地感動了。6.當(dāng)先行詞是地點時,用關(guān)系副詞where,先行詞是時間時，用關(guān)系副詞when,當(dāng)先行詞指原因時,用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)(它們在句中作狀語）。---1.Istillremembertheparkwherewefirstmet./2.I’llneverforgetthedayswhenwestudiedtogether./3.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool?

關(guān)系副詞when,where,why引導(dǎo)的定語從句注意：關(guān)系副詞when,where,why既起到連接主句和從句的作用,同時在定語從句中充當(dāng)句子的時間狀語、地點狀語及原因狀語。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)句子主語或謂語動詞及介詞的賓語。例：1.IcanstillrememberthetownwhereIwasborn./IcanrememberthehospitalinwhichIwasborn.2.Doyouenjoytheholidayswhenyouspentwithyourfriends?/Thisbookisabouttheyearswhentheauthorsstudiedabroad./IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstmetyou.3.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhehasn’tbeentothepartylastFriday?注意：1、先行詞指人,在句中作賓語,關(guān)系詞前又有介詞時,只用whomThisistheheroinwhomwetakepride.=Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.這是我們引以為傲的英雄。---即：prep+whom---ThemantowhomyouspokejustnowisourEnglishteacher.剛才和你講話的那個人是我們的英語老師。2、先行詞指物、時間、地點或原因,在句中作賓語,關(guān)系詞前又有介詞時,只用which---Thisisthepictureaboutwhichtheytalkedatthegallery.這就是他們在畫廊里談到的那幅畫。Idon’tforgetthehouseinwhichwehavelivedfortenyears.=Idon’tforgetthehousewherewehavelivedfortenyears.我不會忘