2022年高考英語(yǔ)真題試卷（全國(guó)乙卷）

2022年高考英語(yǔ)真題試卷（全國(guó)乙卷）一、閱讀理解第一節(jié)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）（2022·全國(guó)乙卷）閱讀理解HenryRaeburn（1756-1823）TheExhibitionThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland'sbestlovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,comestoLondon.Selectedfromcollectionsthroughouttheworld,itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.LectureSeriesScottishNationalPortrait（肖像畫）Gallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesforthegeneralpublic.TheyareheldintheLectureRoom.Admissiontolecturesisfree.AnIntroductiontoRaeburnSunday26Oct.,15.00DUNCANTHOMSONRaeburn'sEnglishContemporariesThursday30Oct.,13.10JUDYEGERTONCharactersandCharacterisationinRaeburn'sPortraitsThursday6Nov.,13.10NICHOLASPHILLIPSONRaeburnandArtist'sTraininginthe18thCenturyThursday13Nov.,13.10MARTINPOSTLEExhibitionTimesMonday-Saturday10.00—17.45Sunday12.00—17.45Lastadmissiontotheexhibition:17.15.Thereisnore-admission.Closed:24—26Decemberand1January.Admission￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.SchoolsandCollegesAspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.1．WhatistherighttimeforattendingRaeburn'sEnglishContemporaries?A．Sun.26Oct. B．Thurs.30Oct.C．Thurs.6Nov. D．Thurs.13Nov.2．Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?A．￡4. B．￡8. C．￡12. D．￡16.3．Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?A．TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings.B．Theyshouldcomefromartschools.C．Theymustbeledbyteachers.D．TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.（2022·全國(guó)乙卷）閱讀理解的In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff'sgranddaughter.Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.InWickenden'sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls'decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed（牽涉）drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism（堅(jiān)忍）ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:"Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter."4．WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?A．Toteachinaschool. B．TostudyAmericanhistory.C．Towriteabook. D．Todosightseeing.5．Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?A．Theyenjoyedmuchrespect. B．Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.C．Theylivedwiththelocalkids. D．Theysufferedseverehardships.6．WhichpartofWickenden'swritingishair-raising?A．TheextremeclimateofAuburn.B．ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.C．TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.D．ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.7．Whatisthetext?A．Anewsreport. B．Abookreview.C．Achildren'sstory. D．Adiaryentry.（2022·全國(guó)乙卷）閱讀理解Canasmallgroupofdrones（無(wú)人機(jī)）guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's"eyesinthesky"technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient（高效）acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.8．Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A．Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B．Drones'abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C．Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D．Drones'reliableperformanceinremoteareas.9．Whatdoes"maintenance"underlinedinparagraph3referto?A．Personnelsafety. B．Assistancefromdrones.C．Inspectionandrepair. D．Constructionofinfrastructure.10．Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A．Toprovideearlywarning. B．Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C．Toearnprofitsforthecrews. D．Toacceleratetransportation.11．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB．HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC．WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD．HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways（2022·全國(guó)乙卷）閱讀理解TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（肥胖）.Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（設(shè)施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.12．Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A．Tocollectmoneyforschools. B．Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C．Toprotectchildren'shealth. D．Toencourageresearchineducation.13．Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?A．Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B．Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C．Theycutdownontheirproduction.D．Theyreducedtheirproducts'sugarcontent.14．Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A．Mostalcoholicdrinks. B．Milk-baseddrinks.C．Fruitjuices. D．ClassicCoke.15．Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A．Itisashort-sighteddecision. B．Itisasuccessstory.C．Itbenefitsmanufacturers. D．Itupsetscustomers.二、閱讀理解第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）（2022·全國(guó)乙卷）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herearefivewaystosustain（保持）long-distancefriendships.●SetaregulardateLong-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequallycontact（聯(lián)系）andsharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.16．●Moreisn'talwaysmerrierMakesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.17．.Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.●Practiseempathy（共情）18．.Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.●19．Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends'birthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.●Don'trelyontechnologyalone20．,butlong-distancefriendships-evencloseones-mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-facetimetogetherwheneverpossible.A.RememberimportantdatesB.CompensatebywritinglettersC.ItisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeperD.TrytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoitE.FriendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunicationF.ItiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmediaG.Youmaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind三、語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）（2022·全國(guó)乙卷）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there'ssomethinghighlyexcitingabout21．someoneelse'sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably22．a(chǎn)thiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies23．.Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas24．a(chǎn)sevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly"egocentric"（自我中心的）creatures.Butour25．researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology26．thatidea.Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each27．satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor28．.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould29．orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn't.Thesame30．happenedwhentheadultcoveredherownmouth:31．childrensaidthattheycouldn't32．toher.Anumberof33．ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects34．thequestionsandknew35．whatwasaskedofthem.Their36．tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue37．that"Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too."Theysimply38．mutual（相互的）recognitionandregard.Our39．suggestwhenachild"hides"byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod40．whenothersuseit.21．A．following B．taking C．escaping D．directing22．A．clever B．bad C．scared D．quick23．A．exposed B．examined C．untouched D．imbalanced24．A．supported B．guaranteed C．imagined D．interpreted25．A．disappointing B．mixed C．surprising D．desired26．A．explained B．confirmed C．contradicted D．tested27．A．parent B．child C．researcher D．doctor28．A．feet B．nose C．hands D．ears29．A．see B．help C．reach D．fool30．A．event B．thing C．a(chǎn)ction D．a(chǎn)ccident31．A．Yet B．Now C．Soon D．Once32．A．speak B．listen C．tum D．wave33．A．instructions B．descriptions C．experiments D．a(chǎn)ssumptions34．A．comprehended B．predicted C．explored D．ignored35．A．partly B．honestly C．vaguely D．exactly36．A．responses B．a(chǎn)pproaches C．contribution D．sensitivity37．A．a(chǎn)bility B．belief C．identity D．purpose38．A．holdback B．relateto C．insiston D．makeup39．A．limitations B．requirements C．theories D．findings40．A．tentative B．impressive C．creative D．effective四、語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）（2022·全國(guó)乙卷）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamedofficially41．theUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.Tocelebrate42．festival,anumberofeventstookplaceattheChineseBusinessmanMuseuminBeijingonThursday.ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety43．（address）theopeningceremony."AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe44．（large）tea-producingcountry,Chinahasa45．（responsible）toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.Itcanhelptobuildacommunitywitha46．（share）futureformankind,"hesaid.The"FirstInternationalTeaDayTeaRoadCooperativeInitiative"issued（發(fā)布）attheceremonycallsforpeopleworkingintheteaindustrytocometogethertopromoteinternationalcooperation47．culturalexchanges.Afour-yearteapromotion—TeaRoadCooperativePlan—wasalsoissuedinaccordancewiththeinitiative.48．（strengthen）theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia,49．（invite）twenty-nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirty-sixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled（揭幕）attheceremony,opening50．（it）firstexhibition:TheAvenueofTruth—ASpecialExhibitionofPu'erTea.五、寫作第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）51．（2022·全國(guó)乙卷）假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（^），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1）每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2）只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。Weallknowthatcyclingisagreatlyexercise.Adoctortellsmepeoplewholivesthelongestaredancersandcyclists.Maybeitisbecausethecombinationoffreshair,smoothmovementandexercise.Whetheryourideabicycle,youdon'tusepetrol.Sotheyarenotproducingcarbondioxideandnotcauseairpollution.Justseehowcarshavebeentakenoverourcities.Theyoftenrunathighspeeds,whatmayputourlivesindanger.Andthereweretrafficjams,too.Ourcitieswillbebetterplacesifwereplacecarswithbicycle.六、寫作第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)（滿分25分）52．（2022·全國(guó)乙卷）學(xué)校英文報(bào)正在開展以LearningEnglishBeyondtheClassroom為題的討論。請(qǐng)使用圖表中的調(diào)查結(jié)果寫一篇短文投稿，內(nèi)容包括：1）學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)狀況描述：2）簡(jiǎn)單評(píng)論；3）你的建議。注意：1）詞數(shù)100左右；2）短文的題目和首句已為你寫好。

答案解析部分【答案】1．B2．B3．C【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)理解題；數(shù)字計(jì)算題；時(shí)文廣告類【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了為紀(jì)念蘇格蘭最受歡迎的畫家HenryRaeburn而舉行的展覽的相關(guān)情況。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解，包含細(xì)節(jié)理解題、數(shù)字計(jì)算題，是一篇介紹類閱讀，注意先略讀文章，掌握文章大意，再分析題干及選項(xiàng)，到文中找到相關(guān)內(nèi)容并進(jìn)行理解。1．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Raeburn'sEnglishContemporaries一欄中的“Thursday30Oct.”10月30日星期四”可知，在10月30日星期四可以去參加Raeburn'sEnglishContemporaries。故選B。2．考查數(shù)字計(jì)算。根據(jù)Admission部分中的“￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.”4英鎊。12歲以下兒童在一位成人陪同下免費(fèi)入場(chǎng)?？芍粚?duì)夫婦應(yīng)付￡4x2=￡8，兩個(gè)12歲以下的兒童在成人陪同下免費(fèi)，即入場(chǎng)費(fèi)為8英鎊。故選B。3．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)SchoolsandColleges部分中的“Aspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.”所有全日制教育的學(xué)生，高至并包括那些學(xué)士學(xué)位水平的學(xué)生，在有教師的組織團(tuán)體中，均可享受每人2英鎊的特別低入場(chǎng)費(fèi)?？芍?，全日制學(xué)生在有教師的組織團(tuán)體中，可以獲得折扣，即他們必須由教師帶領(lǐng)。故選C?！敬鸢浮?．A5．D6．C7．B【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】推理判斷題；細(xì)節(jié)理解題；時(shí)文廣告類【解析】【分析】本文是一篇書評(píng)，介紹了DorothyWickenden的書籍并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇書評(píng)，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.-DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.”1916年，來(lái)自Auburn,N.Y.的兩個(gè)富裕家庭的女孩——DorothyWoodruff和RosamondUnderwood——來(lái)到落基山脈的一個(gè)定居點(diǎn)，在一間只有一個(gè)房間的學(xué)校教書?？芍?，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脈是為了去學(xué)校里教書。故選A。5．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段“Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,andlikethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.”他們和一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)丶彝?，哈里森一家一起搬進(jìn)去，和他們一樣，幾乎沒(méi)有隱私，很少洗澡，早上醒來(lái)時(shí)被子上覆蓋著一層雪；以及“Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.”在春天，雪被泥替代覆蓋在冰上?？芍兊纳顥l件非常艱苦，她們飽受磨難。故選D。6．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentaileddrillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.”令人毛骨悚然的一段與鐵路建設(shè)有關(guān)，這涉及到在令人眩目的暴風(fēng)雪中鉆穿落基山脈?？芍?，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脈的鐵路建設(shè)這一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故選C。7．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAuburn.”這本書以Rosamond和Dorothy回到Auburn結(jié)束；以及最后一段中的“Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicismofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.”Wickenden是個(gè)很好的講故事的人。大地的遼闊和人們的堅(jiān)忍使她創(chuàng)作出了一些美麗的作品?？芍?，本文介紹了Wickenden的書籍內(nèi)容，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)，所以說(shuō)文本是一篇書評(píng)。故選B?！敬鸢浮?．B9．C10．A11．D【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】主旨大意題；推理判斷題；詞義猜測(cè)題；科普環(huán)保類；說(shuō)明文【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”的技術(shù)，無(wú)人機(jī)能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時(shí)又能幫助鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測(cè)和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，通讀全文，理解文章大意，閱讀題目后返回原文閱讀并找出與題目相對(duì)應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，仔細(xì)核對(duì)，選擇符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次閱讀并檢查。8．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.”無(wú)人機(jī)已經(jīng)被用于檢查高壓電線。他們完全可以做同樣的事情來(lái)檢查鐵路線路和鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的其他重要方面，如鐵路軌道和換乘點(diǎn)的正確位置?？赏浦?，無(wú)人機(jī)在高空工作的能力使無(wú)人機(jī)應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成為可能。故選B。9．考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.”據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護(hù)上的花費(fèi)就約為200億歐元，其中包括經(jīng)常在夜間派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施?？芍ㄔ跈z修上的費(fèi)用是用于檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，可知“Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety”是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全，maintenance應(yīng)是“檢修”之意。故選C。10．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.”帶有先進(jìn)傳感器和人工智能的非常小的無(wú)人機(jī)可以像副駕駛一樣在火車前面行駛。憑借他們的預(yù)見能力，他們可以發(fā)出任何問(wèn)題的信號(hào)，以便快速行駛的火車能夠及時(shí)做出反應(yīng)?？芍獙?duì)于無(wú)人機(jī)期待的功能是提前發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。故選A。11．考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段“Canasmallgroupofdrones(無(wú)人機(jī))guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's'eyesinthesky'technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometersofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.”一小群無(wú)人機(jī)能否在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時(shí)，幫助鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元?這很可能是應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”技術(shù)的未來(lái)，以確保全球數(shù)百萬(wàn)公里的鐵路軌道和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施全天候安全運(yùn)行；第二段講到了使用無(wú)人機(jī)檢查電力線路使無(wú)人機(jī)應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成為可能；第三段講到了使用無(wú)人機(jī)大幅節(jié)省維護(hù)成本和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全；第四段講到了通過(guò)使用最新的技術(shù)，無(wú)人機(jī)還可以開始為鐵路提供更高的價(jià)值，可知本文介紹了無(wú)人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來(lái)，“無(wú)人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來(lái)。”符合文章中心思想，適合作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。【答案】12．C13．D14．D15．B【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】推理判斷題；細(xì)節(jié)理解題；新聞報(bào)道類【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，報(bào)道了英國(guó)政府對(duì)軟飲料征收的糖稅來(lái)解決兒童以及青少年的健康問(wèn)題，同時(shí)該收入用于學(xué)校體育?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解，包含細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題，是一篇新聞報(bào)道，注意先略讀文章，掌握文章大意，再分析題干及選項(xiàng)，到文中找到相關(guān)內(nèi)容并進(jìn)行理解。12．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity.”該稅于2016年4月首次宣布，適用于每100毫升含糖超過(guò)5g的軟飲料，旨在幫助減少兒童肥胖。可知，征收糖稅的目的是幫助兒童減少肥胖，保護(hù)兒童健康。故選C。13．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.”此前，制造商已經(jīng)降低了商店中銷售的超過(guò)一半的軟飲料的含糖量，以避免納稅，可知，一些飲料公司通過(guò)降低了產(chǎn)品的含糖量來(lái)避稅。故選D。14．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段“However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.”然而，一些高糖品牌，如經(jīng)典可口可樂(lè)，已經(jīng)接受了糖稅，并拒絕改變，因?yàn)閾?dān)心會(huì)惹惱消費(fèi)者。果汁、以牛奶為原料的飲料和大多數(shù)酒精飲料是免稅的，每年生產(chǎn)不到100萬(wàn)升的小公司也是免稅的?？芍?，糖稅主要來(lái)自經(jīng)典可口可樂(lè)這些高糖品牌。故選D。15．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesandhealthiereatinginschools.”根據(jù)一位政府官員的說(shuō)法，今天的數(shù)據(jù)顯示了糖稅的積極影響，它為學(xué)校的體育設(shè)施和健康飲食籌集了數(shù)百萬(wàn)英鎊。可推斷，糖稅政策的實(shí)施是一個(gè)成功的政策。故選B?！敬鸢浮?6．D；17．E；18．G；19．A；20．F【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】七選五【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了五種維系異地友誼的方法。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查七選五，本文是一篇生活類閱讀，要求在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，著重考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。16．根據(jù)空前“Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.”平日繁忙，很難抽出時(shí)間打電話。可知雙方都很忙碌，很難有時(shí)間給對(duì)方打電話，D.Trytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoit“盡量找個(gè)雙方都有空的時(shí)間去打電話，并堅(jiān)持下去”給出了解決沒(méi)時(shí)間打電話這個(gè)問(wèn)題的方法，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。17．根據(jù)空前“Makesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.”確保你已經(jīng)和你的朋友溝通過(guò)，了解你們想要聯(lián)系的頻率，以及哪種方法對(duì)你們雙方都最有效。介紹了異地朋友之間要商量溝通方式，E.Friendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunication“朋友需要談?wù)撍麄兿矚g的交流方式”承接上文，進(jìn)一步提出對(duì)交流的方法的溝通；且空后“Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.”除了持續(xù)的文字交流，還有其他選擇，比如留下語(yǔ)音信息或進(jìn)行群聊。對(duì)E項(xiàng)中的“methodsofcommunication”進(jìn)行了舉例說(shuō)明，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選E。18．根據(jù)空后“Thefriendwhoisremaining”留下來(lái)的朋友；以及“Theoneinthenewenvironment”在新環(huán)境中的那個(gè)。介紹了朋友的兩個(gè)不同處境，G.Youmaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind“你可能是朋友中離開的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了異地友誼中分為離開的一方和留下的一方，其中“thefriendwholeft”和“theonewhowasleftbehind”分別對(duì)應(yīng)下文“Theoneinthenewenvironment”和“Thefriendwhoisremaining”，故選G。19．根據(jù)空后“Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.”周年紀(jì)念日和生日對(duì)于異地友誼而言是非常重要的。介紹了諸如周年紀(jì)念日和生日等重要的日子對(duì)于維系異地友誼是非常重要的，可推知，這段對(duì)應(yīng)的維系異地友誼的方法是A.Rememberimportantdates“記得重要的日子”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。20．根據(jù)空后“butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.”但是異地友誼——甚至是關(guān)系親密的友誼——可能需要更加自覺(jué)地去維系。介紹了我們要更加自覺(jué)地維系異地友誼，其中“but”說(shuō)明后半句與設(shè)空處形成轉(zhuǎn)折，F(xiàn).Itiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmedia“朋友之間很容易通過(guò)社交媒體產(chǎn)生一種聯(lián)結(jié)感”介紹了可以通過(guò)社交媒體這種方式很容易與朋友產(chǎn)生聯(lián)結(jié)，與后半句“requiremoreconsciousefforttosustain”形成轉(zhuǎn)折，而且其中的“socialmedia”呼應(yīng)了該段的小標(biāo)題“Don’trelyontechnologyalone”不要僅僅依賴技術(shù)，故選F?！敬鸢浮?1．C；22．B；23．A；24．D；25．C；26．C；27．B；28．D；29．A；30．B；31．B；32．A；33．C；34．A；35．D；36．A；37．B；38．C；39．D；40．D【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】說(shuō)明文；日常生活類【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明孩子們捉迷藏時(shí)，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主義的結(jié)果，而是孩子們堅(jiān)持相互承認(rèn)和尊重。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查完形填空，本題考點(diǎn)涉及動(dòng)詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，固定短語(yǔ)等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查，是一篇生活類閱讀，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析推理，從而選出正確答案。21．句意：對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，避開別人的目光，讓自己無(wú)法被別人看到，這是一件非常令人興奮的事情。A.following“跟隨”；B.taking“取走”；C.escaping“避開”；D.directing“指導(dǎo)”。根據(jù)上文“Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.”可知，兒童喜歡玩捉迷藏，避開別人的目光。故選C。22．句意：然而，我們都看到學(xué)齡前兒童非常不善于隱藏。A.clever“聰明的”；B.bad“不擅長(zhǎng)的”；C.scared“害怕的”；D.quick“快的”。根據(jù)下文“Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies”可知，兒童不擅長(zhǎng)隱藏，bebadatsth.固定短語(yǔ)，“不擅長(zhǎng)某事”。故選B。23．句意：他們通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身體暴露在外。A.exposed“無(wú)遮蔽的，暴露的”；B.examined“已檢查過(guò)的”；C.untouched“未受影響的”；D.imbalanced“失衡的”。根據(jù)空前“Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies”可知，兒童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身體的其余部分無(wú)遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故選A。24．句意：長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，這種無(wú)效的隱藏方法被解釋為兒童是無(wú)可救藥的“自我中心”生物的證據(jù)。A.supported“支持”；B.guaranteed“保證”；C.imagined“想象”；D.interpreted“解釋”。根據(jù)空后“asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly‘egocentric（自我中心的）’creatures.”可知，此處表示這種無(wú)效的隱藏方法被解釋為證據(jù)，證明兒童是以自我為中心的。故選D。25．句意：但我們?cè)趦和l(fā)展心理學(xué)方面令人驚訝的研究結(jié)果與這一觀點(diǎn)相矛盾。A.disappointing“令人失望的”；B.mixed“混合的”；C.surprising“令人驚訝的”；D.desired“渴望的”。根據(jù)空后“researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology6thatidea.”；以及下文“Our19suggestwhenachild‘hides’byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.”可知，研究結(jié)果與之前的觀點(diǎn)相矛盾，所以研究結(jié)果是令人驚訝的。故選C。26．句意：但我們?cè)趦和l(fā)展心理學(xué)方面令人驚訝的研究結(jié)果與這一觀點(diǎn)相矛盾。A.explained“解釋”；B.confirmed“證實(shí)”；C.contradicted“相矛盾”；D.tested“測(cè)試”。根據(jù)下文“Our19suggestwhenachild‘hides’byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod20whenothersuseit.”可知，研究結(jié)果與之前的觀點(diǎn)是相矛盾的。故選C。27．句意：每個(gè)兒童都和一個(gè)成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A.parent“父（母）親”；B.child“兒童”；C.researcher“研究員”；D.doctor“醫(yī)生”。根據(jù)上文“Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.”可知，兒童參加實(shí)驗(yàn)，此處表示每個(gè)兒童和一個(gè)成年人坐在一起。故選B。28．句意：每個(gè)兒童都和一個(gè)成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A.feet“腳”；B.nose“鼻子”；C.hands“手”；D.ears“耳朵”。根據(jù)下文“orheartheadult”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)中，兒童被詢問(wèn)是否能聽到成年人的聲音，所以此處表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故選D。29．句意：然后我們問(wèn)兒童是否能看到或聽到成年人的聲音。A.see“看見”；B.help“幫助”；C.reach“到達(dá)”；D.fool“欺騙”。根據(jù)上文“anadultwhocoveredherowneyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此處兒童被詢問(wèn)是否能看見成年人。故選A。30．句意：當(dāng)成年人捂住她自己的嘴時(shí)，同樣的事情發(fā)生了：此刻孩子們說(shuō)他們不能和她說(shuō)話。A.event“大事，事件”；B.thing“事情”；C.action“行動(dòng)”；D.accident“事故”。根據(jù)下文“childrensaidthattheycouldn't12toher.”可知，此處表示同樣的事情發(fā)生了，孩子們表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人說(shuō)話了。故選B。31．句意：當(dāng)成年人捂住她自己的嘴時(shí)，同樣的事情發(fā)生了：此刻孩子們說(shuō)他們不能和她說(shuō)話。A.Yet“然而”；B.Now“此刻，現(xiàn)在”；C.Soon“很快，不久”；D.Once“一次，曾經(jīng)”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，此處表示當(dāng)成年人捂住自己的嘴時(shí)，這時(shí)孩子們說(shuō)不能和成年人說(shuō)話了。故選B。32．句意：當(dāng)成年人捂住她自己的嘴時(shí)，同樣的事情發(fā)生了：此刻孩子們說(shuō)他們不能和她說(shuō)話。A.speak“說(shuō)”；B.listen“聽”；C.turn“轉(zhuǎn)”；D.wave“揮手”。根據(jù)上文“whentheadultcoveredherownmouth”可知，此處孩子們表示他們不能和成年人說(shuō)話了。故選A。33．句意：許多實(shí)驗(yàn)排除了孩子們誤解了他們被問(wèn)到的問(wèn)題。A.instructions“命令”；B.descriptions“說(shuō)明”；C.experiments“實(shí)驗(yàn)”；D.assumptions“假設(shè)”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，此處表示上文中的許多實(shí)驗(yàn)排除了孩子們會(huì)誤解問(wèn)題這一情況。故選C。34．句意：結(jié)果很清楚：我們的年輕受試者理解了這些問(wèn)題，并且確切地知道他們被問(wèn)到了什么。A.comprehended“理解”；B.predicted“預(yù)測(cè)”；C.explored“探索”；D.ignored“忽略”。根據(jù)空后“the