初中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解及練習(xí)

初中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解及練

習(xí)CompanyDocumentnumber:WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一、概念：語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者是說(shuō)動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)完成的，要用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，或者是說(shuō)動(dòng)作不是由主語(yǔ)而是由其他人完成的，則用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。二、主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的步驟：1.把原主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)2.把動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)形式即be+過去分詞，并注意其人稱和數(shù)隨主語(yǔ)的變化，而動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)則保持不變。原主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)如需要?jiǎng)t放在by后面以它的賓格形式出現(xiàn)（注代詞的賓格），如不需要?jiǎng)t可省略。其它的成分（定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)）不變。三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法：1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：is/am/are+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.Mymotherasksmetostudyhard.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：was/were+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Anewshopwasbuiltlastyear.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：has/have+been+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.Manyman-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：will+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.Manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Youngtreesmustbewateredoften.Yourmistakesshouldbecorrectedrightnow.Thedoormaybelockedinside.Yourhomeworkcanbehandedintomorrow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：am/is/are+being+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：to+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Therearetwobookstoberead.Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，須加上to。例:makesomebodydosomething—somebody+be+madetodosomethingseesomebodydosomething—somebody+be+seentodosomethingAgirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.—Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.—Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.如果是接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可以使用直接賓語(yǔ)也可以使用間接賓語(yǔ)作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子的主語(yǔ)。使用直接賓語(yǔ)（物）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加上介詞，這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定。Hegavemeabook.—Abookwasgiventomebyhim.Heshowedmeaticket.fAticketwasshowntomebyhim.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.fAnewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。Wecan'tlaughathim.fHecan'tbelaughedatbyus.Helistenstotheradioeveryday.fTheradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.fThesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況1）不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（即多數(shù)的瞬間動(dòng)詞）：appear,die（死亡“disappear（消失），end（vi.結(jié)束）,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,standbreakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.女口：Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比較：rise,fall,happen是不及物動(dòng)詞；raise,seat是及物動(dòng)詞。（錯(cuò)）Thepricehasbeenrisen.（對(duì)）Thepricehasrisen.（錯(cuò)）Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.（對(duì)）Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.（錯(cuò)）Thepricehasraised.（對(duì)）Thepricehasbeenraised.（錯(cuò)）Pleaseseat.（對(duì)）Pleasebeseated.要想正確地使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，就須注意哪些動(dòng)詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動(dòng)詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過程中多留意積累。2）不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto如：Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)練習(xí)一、選擇題（）anewlibraryinourschoollastyearA.Is;builtB.Was;bulitC.Does;buildD.Did;build（）2.Anaccidentonthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened（）inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow（）far,themoonbymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited（）talkonChinesehistoryintheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives（）manytreesthisyearA.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted（）7.Alotofthingsbypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone（）oftheminChina.A.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made（）!Anicepictureforourteacher.A.isdrawingB.isbeingdrawnC.hasbeendrawnD.draws()10.Yourshoes.Youneedanewpair.A.wearoutB.wornoutC.arewornoutD.isworn()doctorforyet.A.isn'tsentB.hasn'tbeensentC.won'tbesentD.wasn'tsent()___thiskindofcomputers--Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used()13.TheGreatWallallovertheworld.A.knowsC.isknownD.wasknown()insummer.A.bornB.wasbornC.havebeenbornD.amborn()saysthatMrZhangtothefactorynextweek.A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent()thisbookA.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written()showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedtoaskedtoaskedto()storybyGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus()monkeywasseenoffthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump()schoolbag___behindthechair.A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput()peoplewell.afterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter()teachercarefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened二、將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，每空一詞。Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.Theworkintwodays.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.SilkinSuzhou.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.AnEnglishsongbythechildren.Youneedn'tdoitnow.Itbyyounow.LucysentmeaNewYearCardlastweek.ANewYearCardherbymelastweek.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.Metalformakingmachines.Hemademedothatforhim.Ithatforhim.havegiventhisbooktothelibrary.Thisbooktothelibrary.theybuildabridgehereayearagoabridgeherebythemayearago'llputonanEnglishplayinourschool.AnEnglishplayoninourschool.andmorefarmersbuycolorTVsets.ColorTVsetsmoreandmorefarmers.brotheroftenmendshiswatch.Hiswatchbymybrother.mustwatertheflowerseveryday.Theflowersmust(byus)everyday.useknivesforcuttingthings.Knivesforcuttingthings.madethefarmersworkforalongtime.Thefarmersforalongtime.hebreakthewindowyesterdaythewindowyesterdayhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.Thelightgreendressesout.cleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomeveryday.Youmustnotplanttreesinverydryearth.Treesinverydryearth.candigaholeintheearth.AHoleintheearth.三、用動(dòng)詞的正確語(yǔ)態(tài)填空。Thestudentsoften(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.Thatplay(put)onagainsometimenextmonth.Theoldmanisill.He(mustsend)tothehospital.Vegetables,eggsandfruits(sell)inthisshop.What___aknife(make)ofIt(make)ofmetalandwood.APianoconcert(give)herelastFriday.themagazine(cantake)outofthelibraryTheroom(clean)bymeeveryday.Thestars(cansee)inthedaytime.10.Someflowers(water)byLiMingalready.Thesekindsofmachines(make)inJapan.Apples(grow)inthisfarm.R