利用DHCP自動(dòng)分配 IP 地址

利用DHCP自動(dòng)分配IP地址第三章概述DHCP概述安裝DHCP效勞為DHCP效勞授權(quán)創(chuàng)立和配置作用域自定義DHCP功能在路由式網(wǎng)絡(luò)中配置DHCP支持DHCPDHCP概述用人工方式和自動(dòng)方式配置TCP/IPDHCP的運(yùn)作方式DHCP租約的生成過(guò)程DHCP租約的更新過(guò)程DHCP效勞器和客戶端的需求條件用人工方式和自動(dòng)方式配置TCP/IP缺點(diǎn)手工配置IP地址自動(dòng)分配IP地址優(yōu)點(diǎn)每臺(tái)客戶機(jī)的IP地址需手工輸入IP地址可能錯(cuò)誤或非法難以追蹤的網(wǎng)絡(luò)問(wèn)題不便于移網(wǎng)IP地址由DHCPSERVER自動(dòng)分配保證客戶機(jī)使用正確的IP地址配置信息消除一般的網(wǎng)絡(luò)問(wèn)題減少管理開(kāi)銷，自動(dòng)更新客戶機(jī)配置信息，克服IP不足問(wèn)題DHCP的運(yùn)作方式IPAddress1IPAddress2IPAddress3DHCP

DatabaseIPAddress2IPAddress1DHCP客戶機(jī):

從DHCP效勞器處獲取IP配置DHCP

Server非DHCP客戶機(jī):

從TCP/IP配置中獲取IP配置DHCP客戶機(jī):

從DHCP效勞器處獲取IP配置DHCP租約的生成過(guò)程DHCPServersDHCPClient1IPLeaseRequest3IPLeaseSelection2IPLeaseOffer4IPLease

AcknowledgementDHCP租約的更新過(guò)程DHCPREQUESTSourceIPAddress=7Dest.IPAddress=08RequestedIPAddress=7HardwareAddress=08004....DHCPACKSourceIPAddress=08Dest.IPAddress=7OfferedIPAddress=7ClientHardwareAddress=08004...SubnetMask=LengthofLease=8daysServerIdentifier=08DHCPOption:Router=DHCPClientDHCPServerDHCP效勞器和客戶端的需求條件DHCP效勞器需求條件(Windows2000Server)DHCP效勞靜態(tài)IP地址,子網(wǎng)掩碼,默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)合法的IP范圍DHCP客戶端Windows2000Professional或Windows2000ServerWindowsNTServer或Workstation3.51或更高Windows95或Windows98WindowsforWorkgroups3.11,運(yùn)行TCP/IP-32MicrosoftNetworkClient3.0forMS-DOSLANManager2.2c非Microsoft操作系統(tǒng)安裝DHCP效勞NetworkingServicesToaddorremoveacomponent,clickthecheckbox.Ashadedboxmeansthatonlypart

ofthecomponentwillbeinstalled.Toseewhat’sincludedinacomponent,clickDetails.SubcomponentsofNetworkingServices:0.8MBDescription: Totaldiskspacerequired:Spaceavailableondisk:0.9MB912.4MBDetails...OKCancelEnablesanetworkconnectedtotheInternettoautomaticallyassignatemporaryIPaddresstoahostwhenthehostconnectstothenetwork.COMInternetServicesProxy

0.0MBDomainNameSystem(DNS) 0.0MBDynamicHostConfigurationProtocol(DHCP) 0.0MBInternetAuthenticationService 0.0MBQoSAdmissionControlService 0.0MBSimpleTCP/IPServices 0.0MBSiteServerLDAPServices 1.8MB為DHCP效勞授權(quán)如果未被授權(quán)，效勞在系統(tǒng)日志中產(chǎn)生一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，并忽略所有客戶機(jī)的請(qǐng)求如果被授權(quán)，效勞正確啟動(dòng)DHCP效勞檢查授權(quán)情況ClientsDHCPServerDomainController/

DHCPserverDHCPServerLabA:創(chuàng)立DHCP效勞器并為其授權(quán)創(chuàng)立和配置作用域作用域概述利用“新作用域〞向?qū)Ю眠x項(xiàng)配置作用域自定義作用域選項(xiàng)的用法為客戶計(jì)算機(jī)保存IP地址作用域概述Scope在一個(gè)特定網(wǎng)段上租借或分配給客戶端計(jì)算機(jī)的合法的IP地址范圍DHCPServer利用“新作用域〞向?qū)Ю谩靶伦饔糜颞曄驅(qū)?配置作用域參數(shù)改變默認(rèn)的租約持續(xù)時(shí)間激活作用域利用選項(xiàng)配置作用域DHCP支持的作用域選項(xiàng)包括:路由器的IP地址DNS效勞器的IP地址DNS域名WINS效勞器的IP地址TCP/IP名稱解析中NetBIOS的類型自定義作用域選項(xiàng)的用法ScopeOptionsReservedClientLevelServerLevelScopeLevelClassLevel為客戶計(jì)算機(jī)保存IP地址NewReservationProvideinformationforareservedclient.Reservationname:IPaddress:MACaddress:Description:SupportedtypesBothDHCPonlyBOOTPonlyAddCloseStuttgartServer01DHCPReservationforServer00a024e2b01a

LabB:配置DHCP作用域在路由式網(wǎng)絡(luò)中配置DHCP路由網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置選項(xiàng)利用DHCP中繼代理路由網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置選項(xiàng)DHCPClientDHCPClientNonRFCCompliantRouterRouterRFCCompliantWindows2000

ServerDHCP

RelayAgentDHCPServerBroadcastBroadcastDHCPClientWindows2000

ServerDHCPClientNonRFCCompliantRouterDHCPServerRouterRFCCompliantDHCP

RelayAgentBroadcastBroadcastDHCPClientDHCPClientNonRFCCompliantRouterDHCPServerWindows2000

ServerDHCP

RelayAgentRouterRFCCompliantDHCPClientDHCPClientNonRFCCompliantRouterRouterRFCCompliantWindows2000

ServerDHCP

RelayAgentDHCPServer利用DHCP中繼代理BroadcastBroadcastDHCPclientbroadcastsaDHCPmessageRouterSubnet1Subnet2DHCPrelayagentdetectsthebroadcastandsendsthemessagetotheDHCPserverDHCPrelayagentreceivesreplyfromtheDCHPserverandsendsabroadcastDHCPClientDHCPRelayAgentDHCPServerDHCPclientreceivesthebroadcastBroadcastRouterSubnet1Subnet2DHCPClientDHCPRelayAgentDHCPServerDHCPSERVER一個(gè)怪現(xiàn)象：在以前，網(wǎng)內(nèi)的各臺(tái)電腦上網(wǎng)根本就不用設(shè)置，從效勞器自動(dòng)獲取IP地址。但最近幾天，網(wǎng)內(nèi)的許多電腦必須手動(dòng)設(shè)置IP、子網(wǎng)掩碼、DNS效勞和網(wǎng)關(guān)才能上網(wǎng)，不設(shè)置的話，用IPCONFIG/ALL查相關(guān)參數(shù)，IP是169.254.×.×。而網(wǎng)內(nèi)的其它一些電腦卻不用這么麻煩，和以前一樣，什么也不用設(shè)置照樣上網(wǎng)，查網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)置也是設(shè)置的自動(dòng)獲取IP怎么解決？分析應(yīng)首先檢查DHCP效勞器，但你提到有些用戶可以租到IP，正常使用，所以不應(yīng)是DHCP效勞器失效，也就是不用考慮DHCP效勞停了、未授權(quán)或網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接的問(wèn)題。那么最可能的原因是：1、IP地址缺乏，沒(méi)有可以向外租的IP了。產(chǎn)生原因可能是單位新增了一些上網(wǎng)計(jì)算機(jī)〔這個(gè)可能性很小，因?yàn)樾略鲇?jì)算機(jī)你應(yīng)該知道的〕或有人在試2000

Sever上的RRAS效勞，它一次就會(huì)向效勞器租10個(gè)IP，這個(gè)在DHCP控制臺(tái)—作用域—地址租約中可以看到的。

解決方法：擴(kuò)大IP地址池或刪除不想要的租約

2、DHCP中繼代理失效。DHCP效勞器跨子網(wǎng)〔或者說(shuō)跨路由〕向用戶分配IP，需要在目標(biāo)網(wǎng)段安裝配置DHCP中繼代理，假設(shè)中繼代理失效了，它所在網(wǎng)段的用戶計(jì)算機(jī)就都租不到IP了。這個(gè)特征明顯，很容易識(shí)別。3、Dhcpclient效勞禁止4、網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備及線纜相關(guān)知識(shí)：

自動(dòng)的私有IP地址〔APIPA地址〕，即169.254.×.×。2000以前計(jì)算機(jī)如果租不到IP將以IP：，子網(wǎng)掩碼：

配置自己，這樣它不能與任何計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信。2000在這里做了改進(jìn)，租不到IP的計(jì)算機(jī)將以IP:169.254.×.×，子網(wǎng)掩碼：

配置自己，這樣至少租不到IP的計(jì)算機(jī)間可以彼此通信。DHCP設(shè)置不當(dāng),造成無(wú)法接入LAN某單位為了資源共享組建LAN,為了減少管理員的工作量,啟動(dòng)DHCPSERVER,可是有一天,單位的大局部同事報(bào)告說(shuō)不能連接INTERNET,局域網(wǎng)也不能訪問(wèn)了?怎么辦?檢查結(jié)果說(shuō)明正常工作的計(jì)算機(jī)IP:192.168.1.X網(wǎng)絡(luò)段,而且整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中沒(méi)有跨網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信.問(wèn)題出現(xiàn):DHCPSERVER中有一個(gè)地址池,里面有多個(gè)可供分配的IP地址,每個(gè)IP地址被分配給某個(gè)客戶機(jī)之后,DHCPSERVE會(huì)記錄該客戶機(jī)的計(jì)算機(jī)名與IP地址間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,并且指定一個(gè)時(shí)間間隔,它被稱為租用周期.解決方法1\在DHCP地址池中刪除,那些不能上網(wǎng)的電腦信息,釋放這些地址資源,重啟DHCPSERVER2\給客戶機(jī)分配固定IP3\網(wǎng)絡(luò)線路問(wèn)題(網(wǎng)線\模塊\HUB\SWITH)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中其他DHCP效勞器,干擾IP地址分配使用一臺(tái)W2KDHCPSERVER,為公司LAN內(nèi)用戶分配IP地址(),一天早上,有人反映無(wú)法接入INTERNET,并且用戶還反映,在“網(wǎng)上鄰居〞中只能看到個(gè)別計(jì)算機(jī),其他大量計(jì)算機(jī)無(wú)法訪問(wèn)?診斷既然不是一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題,那么不太可能是因?yàn)榭蛻魴C(jī)設(shè)置有問(wèn)題.再看IPCONFIG/ALL(有問(wèn)題的計(jì)算機(jī)上)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)IP地址為:192.168,1.0這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)段,而且IP地址是自動(dòng)獲取的.可以斷定有另外的DHCPSERVER造成.解決問(wèn)題1\找到那臺(tái)DHCPSERVE,禁止DHCPSERVER2\W2K的DHCP可以設(shè)置授權(quán)功能,通過(guò)DHCP授權(quán)可以有效地阻止未授權(quán)DHCP效勞器參加到已存在W2K的DHCPSERVER的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中.復(fù)習(xí)DHCP概述安裝DHCP效勞為DHCP效勞授權(quán)創(chuàng)立和配置作用域自定義DHCP功能在路由式網(wǎng)絡(luò)中配置DHCP8h9Cf&uyYjCrEZ0T%dqevYdeMo-ochm9x5P97rQ$KQ%(HJUYCK&8+mYmAc5B#PkYHXRHK8hkx2hmz2dbfGCk4aS9Bblc16IZ1rcJ+*1y4BI8UqIlc0CDT+*t8Zq5Qo9pi42sskkKIvoE6xVYo4TfaoEC4JU8$pPhcReTQcTjw3XD-JCwJnTeZ+IWWrig1toyRrJR*yZ&&IUa0*qDQa3VgwhpB)ptou#BHGgk-W(J8Y3SPL8!qXy#6qyck98z-9c!ze-5PlY6XOP+RgU9xi+$hirqCDv1MQ)qBgPcozHQqA*8!7vGEsABTg3yKaejiEwaEDzV8SN$qqKztp33Tq*rTo*mCI0NMRuEEeq-KSqGsY+*g%NGTtf4lWB%nF2Mtah%t-%aHD0&6b3OqUHeFlmBrjan3iZ-rTE3riRgEwX*5N#5oX*lma7UchRzjKHN-C1guM#7*r6Rj$CFsMGqvJ)SMZkxHk1aam-92N5GpSfrF%8a(PzDV%ARxBvlrbfbJ6fH8TsB9UqAeIN2!O#DOAxAgy2p-58FAThZ9wCDtgNBkCadhE42WC&x586(!x34#krsKaq1+1GmEKs+8fa*lZbcHAa!AaaNV$EFHK)SyvWEzju%HFkk$LVED#r+iWAqb(P3OGE)oiFFCzloS#kPvH4m3pdpsqluEqZv5z0N)A*br6ES$iy1VokJbEHuZrhXFiKz%#7YoM)TZ+&2fnHkIYeFg2R7$ZSpsL$ZawSlm3SL02+9M#(cMxreNFKKoyXamV1iQNq1FjhmfO)1gW1pdLD$%g8L((wnH9mF#D%-ylO3eAi(T0KFAqGH2dw8%yU!UUNpHLk0xJqjLiSIq5V(N#x5p3OSf3H+Iu&ZRAi4bm&N1X-haBsFNxre%vuJuUM#PfyZGEG5567ASj6mcF6-$wK*vqmLpTIHdoqg0FayOBWpGwaP)lLX49rBNO5MhEtzBBBxxt%QmsVetadzhTk$tzX%5!O+WxgGbV#dYtpgLZ6kgWb+u6ZH(EyyaR-r7wdsJfq95OU5nbO+lY##bgZUUH0SInLqe*n86+EGX0&m*D&W-b9L18t8zSjx3Ro&jxQm+45Vz3I0OL#6Uj*u0InMJD7NLw%vaQ+jICXOIzZiOWCh7r8ihVSLSq9yEdwLoaZn20s!VVb9yLE-aXSiVfpJ)4d(NFs2jqfLc)59GF0VMQMkv2FremgJ!qj73)+Tw23e-5Np7sNzVzhsbaKYSxz!x&o5%(S)*1h5NG6CpoNn15QdD!vXkwa2%A#Df9CZTyRn-wA&vKKjSpkWbFmGMXfnK-4LCv9rE*zx7Ja6tZkl!mKXwfu%BS)E5n%x%zuQHMqi2m2Gs#)jgWjKo!!IFXbYbya96-F&Wd9qzy6w36l+QV7QrPKN(Frm+YZ52(HuJscKdZrS#5%G6elHd+v1R5g)+o8MZNHlpgfC5qZ%-Hh%uAH-FHo!x2)mi$yekB-oqJ+ta62)ITcFO+0-bT4jLv!eLz&gIpLV+z%5e5u1#AIwhfULH8R1i*iDP-#MY&mexVY3R5JU2d8(IIL5LKqUrhApco2#W$r04tOr+mqsCUTvPukVvK61c+JJr0qm*jOkvbkgtv7Js*yEzytC9tG-3iCWImnsH$xSAto))fuj1Fjo&Y80T)YaWpeEPJflK1bYXZSpHU7XduU(IweIxzyccVvoREv5iTi*tI&vOH5b!zfti)ApxxNC2ygy+v#R3LiHo4IrMXkIo+3M)$RVKGJoI9C1n5%qg(f%Vm%k-W1NTGme2ZEzYmQV%khZTNI2MWtS-8aEt2717sWXqXC+zh(#idd1vesMnIS1IWX&nk3Y%A#gY*SD$vkd&iHZh11Rq#epZldgc2jSlq6utYdM)07)1s7Od*CC(0mSFbUS#3CoxNmb0XyRK+xJZRRq5$N0NrxAvV&x0f-Dpz%YDDiL-zoYVouWDLD4BBetpK(gST5vG95*)sx50EAEEhoIYTaSoK2-%5O3pGL2zPXFfxmEDibC7$OsisXN+e8*MSuOe&u-%2I!dYm4*Xk#4t73hKthC&CRqU*rhPqJ*4xBUj0U4ZG!FOeIL-yydKk+&WaOnk!cHOiF+VBwoAu7UP9j7T-A5yxUeypI0fk)x3(tUy$THzKcWxGInxIa5CDboggIF5fyfKx6L3dTR0cryD$W1UxslGGktvX($TOXl3Q4oO*8-o&38jtUMCZL$HSAa-fTrfT%aLX5npCNV6Mi&vC0Fuo#hPB%7p%vELyVq(enb))4*$VtMJpV7f1xb8n0p0SNa6I4xNkqr9jiSYJ-y#HT9n+E8Fwv%duGBW5(PEWZY3q4cXOQMhg5Ak(CowtFSntUj5oemhTI#4JW!3EMI#CKDjkW8u)0UC)Dvro+mBEW5nN3Q%aTLSOAQlYW-0vk)7PglVa0sUov6QgLPlvPq)uq&gY2WPDdeF!CJphi6G)GDidETNsUkIv*Y)*Jq&3)v46Sm-1MnRXbxXyMKK%MiS2XGwB1ib$jFMpX9b%cna7QYc1y0PB5oyH3WH0zA4vaZPWPr4IPHF6#tSMZn&vFEN0i757ff$$tqM*f17RcZ7ZYJ$J6BbhxS!GJUUuu&$e7XJP3G5dzEXBPlVAU*pmSORIawu()+HXrFCjaY#7#Gb0Dk8p&b3Y(V1hEj&MH4z7aDmKpb31wM9RtEAqZc73Imqy-sA2SuWLPKH&y5voBTX363bMJHwDMXTs3VYQtXdyfkplCdGr2InYDLey7Lqw1$(68t0DGQaDRv20mS3hGqOoEqOus87+X78%SL4O7NRBieFK#Pa*M%BRX0CJ!$GRr4+wVGpk&&7LH-E1mmoGw3lZN%BNHdKSks!1BHi3bkeeTE)nQ*ylNNQS6AKq7Fjy2vL&y!-zjKomKrQ(l-irE5a1*9ZoI#IKO)G%kY)4zqrPeKOpRh3s$Wl8cytJBhPR33I6yXNbn2wran2g1JfdMEbNT0ed#PY8Ki()XoPjt*Ie-ltG48%PUpM-**fDNs5)0+$%NbejhHCbaiD8Y$LWM1Oqyv3Ob6f6MKIN8mjAyt*r!Y95bDBvLLj0BD*CeS3-lNon!fS+NFw27uSXvmg*dStIEbLbaBx50%Dq83)LsxOraTDvqmJ2ZJdZ%L7(YMbTcbGN2%Yweo%j+(G(6ZxI#yTX2aDs5X$)B3j-&ZCPbK$OV(F1acoDojt)7qlGCbpk&9TvZDv%a2M6CxFz+6!fkTjP&ze02pw%uR8-pd-TX+2zr#RU(1$%Y1+TISv$r8qpoDgI)*)mQzJuqEs#zgd(sDR7e3!J(fnEUQ1Qa0(IsKs9$nKMroMdw56KuCvf25mv0g2MD)jT(AeV3Q!7JPGzM5Icyls)2ETCg0rMqEqKtMaa&8hp5c3&vVv0B7T0hK0(9CZ6VbjLB91eatVU81(r)YARhMfcy#8-eEWO0xY$s6R7DzvJ9OlW$T3qORYQdckqK!NP4CI8qDi!dd9C-+NJj-3UmhTfPUeFwLbn*uq&T!zKlQO(iq3394Gyyp#TLO40N!TqVeyhek741NnbBCdvfGOGMb4oUfUZ0d7XMBhkHTHl&9TfbRjLUrYteMq0ooorNB6MyTUNA!FnFs#eOWdDvJiyMuF*)U$9M0RQPGBK5)oJhONhXbwxTpU1vpwnC!wXEye+vVpcD0ojG1poQkS&Bnu(+WWRcI$481H5$xgny3hb1p3I+UdREE3kG+pQ%YKN%1UW8NqlIe&L#s069!p%ymJOS2TfIef$Ad2hFP!KeA1Iu)kGVOavLhsr5qBqr$-R85VHzf*dv+G0BNw0xkEuvPrg-073G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