Minitab軟件的活用(英文版)課件

03:MinitabIntroduction

AnOverviewofMinitabver12.2GEGlobalResearchGreenBelt

DMAICCourseTypeIErroraTypeIIErrorbCorrectDecision(1-a)CorrectDecision(1-b)90807060Y=50

X1

X2FuelEconomyOctaneLevelAirTemp03:MinitabIntroduction

AnOWhatisMinitab?StatisticalsoftwarepackageHasmanyofthetoolsneededtosuccessfullyanalyzedatawithrigorGraphsStatisticaltoolsfordataanalysisSixSigmaReportsCurrentSoftwareRelease:12.2WhatisMinitab?StatisticalsoWhatMinitabCanDo*DescriptiveStatisticsGageR&RCapabilityAnalysis(ZST/ZLT)Graphing-ManyTypes!Pareto,FishboneHypothesisTestingProduct&ProcessSixSigmaReportsGenerationofTestPlansforDesignedExperimentsAnalysisofDOEresultsStatisticalProcessControlRandomDataGenerationforsimulationsAGreatToolboxforSixSigmaProjects!*SubjectstobediscussedthroughoutthecourseWhatMinitabCanDo*DescriptiWhatdoesMinitabLookLike?

OnlyonewindowactiveatatimeHighlightedbarindicatesactivewindowMenuBarsSessionWindow(Keepsarunninglogofcommandsandoutputs)DataWindow(SimilartoanExcelspreadsheet)WhatdoesMinitabLookLike?PullDownmenus&DialogBoxesWhatisaDialogBox?ThedialogboxisthewaytocommunicateyourrequirementstoMinitab(variables,options,analysismethods,etc.).*SeeAppendixformoreinformationondialogboxesThreedotsafteramenuselectionindicatesa“dialogbox”willappearwhenthatitemisselected.AnarrowheadindicatestherearemoremenuselectionsavailableEnteryourselectionshere...Andhere!ContextSensitiveHelpinMinitabisReallyHelpful!!ExampleofaDialogBox:PullDownmenus&DialogBoxeWaystoenterdatainMinitabEntereddirectlyintothespreadsheet(the‘Data’window)TypethedatadirectlyinUsethedataentryarrowtochoosehowyouwishtoenterthedata(inrowsorincolumns)Copied/pastedFromMINITABFromother“Windows”softwareImported/LinkedFrommanycommonlyusedsoftwarepackagesFromsavedtextorASCIIfilesGeneratedbyMinitabRandomdataPatterneddata(Ex.:1,2,3,4,1,2,3,4....)Referencedata(subscriptsthatindicatethesourceofthedata)WaystoenterdatainMinitabEMinitabTips-DataEntryWhenenteringdataintheDataWindow,therearethreeimportantaspects:Dataisnormallyenteredincolumnsforeaseofanalysis(clickonthesmallarrowintheupperleftcornertochangeentrydirection)Columnheadingsareenteredabovethecolumn,NOTinthefirstrow(31charactersmaximum)Ifanalphabeticcharacteristypedinthefirstcellofacolumn,theentirecolumnisconvertedtotextHeadingRowTextColumnNumericColumnsDataEntryDirectionArrowMinitabTips-DataEntryWhenSavingInformationinMinitab“Print”commandprintshighlightedwindowonly!Windowcanbedata,session,graph,etc.1)AsaWorksheet-Savesthedataonly.SaveCurrentWorksheet(as)SaveWorksheetas2)AsaProject-Data,sessiontext,graphs,andmore.SaveProject(as)(1)(2)SavingInformationinMinitab“Scenario:AnewprocesshasrecentlybeeninstalledtomanufactureextrudedplasticsheetinAP5.Theexistingprocessisstillinservicemakingsheet.Wewanttodeterminewhetherthetwoprocessesproducesheetofthesamethickness.TheCTQforthisprocessissheetthickness.20sampleshavebeencollected(5subgroupswith4samplespersubgroup)takenatvarioustimesduringthetwo-shiftoperation.ClassExerciseStepsintheProcess:Enterthedata(Y’s)inaspreadsheetAddcolumnswithotherusefulinformation(X’s,subscripts,etc)Arrangethedataforanalysis(combine,stack,etc.)GraphthedataDefinethePracticalProblemFirstScenario:ClassExerciseStepsStartablankworksheetandenterthedatabelowintocolumnsC1andC2.Labelyourcolumnsasindicated.UsingtheEnterkeywillalwayscausethecursortomoveinthedirectionofthedataentryarrow.(Makesurethearrowispointingdown)20DataPoints5subgroups(fourdatapointstakenatdifferenttimesofday)Themeasurementsareinthousandthsofaninch.Step1:EntertheDataColumnTitlesMinitabColumnHeadingsDoubleClicktocopyDataintoMinitabStartablankworksheetandenStep2:AdditionalColumnsofInformationMinitabhasfeaturestomaketheaddingofadditionalinformationeasierthantypingitinbyhand.Inthiscase,itwouldbeveryhelpfultonumberthesamplesandindicatethetimeofdaythesamplewastaken.Firsttypeintwonewcolumnheadings: C3:SampleNumber C4:TimeSeconduseMinitab’sbuilt-infeatureforgeneratingpatterneddata:IMPORTANTNOTE!!Minitabmusthaveuniquecolumnnamesforeachnewcolumn.Calc>MakePatternedData>SimplesetofnumbersStep2:AdditionalColumnsofForColumnC3,wewouldliketoindicatethesamplenumber.Sincethereare20samples,C3shouldcontainnumbersfrom1-20.Here’showthatdataiscreated:

Adialogboxshouldappear.Fillitinasshownbelow:Here’swhatthedatawindownowlookslike:IfyouhavemanydatapointsthisismucheasierthantypingtheminbyhandCalc>MakePatternedData>SimpleSetofNumbersForColumnC3,wewouldliketNow,let’sfillinthetimesthesamplesweretakeninColumnC4.Remember,therewere5subgroupsofdatawith4sampleseach.Subgroupsweretakenatthefollowingtimes:9:00am12:00pm3:00pm6:00pm9:00pm

Usethesamemenucommand,butthistimeselect“Date/TimeValues”Calc>MakePatternedData> SimplesetofDate/TimeValuesFillinthedialogboxasshownbelow:Thedataisinthespreadsheet-nowwehavetoarrangeitsoMinitabcananalyzeit...Click‘OK’Now,let’sfillinthetimestStep3:ArrangingDataforAnalysisWhatdoes‘stacking’mean?-Placingdatafrommultiplecolumnsintooneormore(new)columnsHowisstackingdone? -Fromthemenubar,choose: Manip>Stack/Unstack Chose>StackColumnsor >StackBlocksofColumns -FillinthedialogboxasrequiredMinitab(generally)needsdataincolumnstoperformcomparisonsandstatisticalanalyses.Tomanipulateallthedataintotheappropriatecolumnsiscalled“Stacking”.Step3:ArrangingDataforAn“StackBlocksofColumns”allowsmultiplecolumnsofdatatobestackedWhatisitwearetryingtodo?We’dliketohaveonecolumnwithallofthethicknessdata(40totalpoints),andcarryalloftheadditionalinformationonsamplenumberandtimewitheachdatapoint.NOTE:Whenmorethanonecolumnneedstobestackedsimultaneously,Minitabreferstothecolumnsas“blocks”.Fromthemenubar,makethefollowingselection:Step3:Cont’d...Manip>Stack/Unstack>StackBlocksofColumns“StackBlocksofColumns”alloFillinthedialogboxasshown:1. Enterthecolumnsyouwantstackedinthe“StacktheFollowingBlocks”section.2. Enterthenamesofthenewcolumnswherethestackeddatawillbestoredinthe“Storestackeddatain”section.3. Enteracolumnnameinthe“Storesubscriptsin”block.

Thiscolumncontainssubscripts,whichidentifywhichdatasetfromwhichthestackeddatacame.Inthiscase,‘Existing’and‘New’equipmentwillbeidentifiedwitha1and2respectively.Rememberthatcolumnheadingsmustbeunique!Click‘OK’Stackthe1strowontopof2ndrowandstorethedatainthenewcolumnsindicated.Fillinthedialogboxasshow“Stack”allowsonecolumnofdatatobestackedonitselfWhydidn’tweincludethe“Time”columninthedialogbox?BecauseMinitabwillnotstackcolumnsofdifferenttypes!Sohowcanwestackour“Time”columntocorrespondwiththenewstackeddataincolumnC5(Thickness)?Usethe“StackColumns”subcommand,insteadof“StackBlocksofColumns”.Manip>Stack/Unstack>StackColumnsFillinthedialogboxasshownbelow:Throughthisdialogbox,youaretellingMinitabtostackthe“Time”columnoveritself,andstorethestackeddatainanewcolumnnamed“Times”.Click‘OK’“Stack”allowsonecolumnofdHereiswhatyourDataWindowshouldnowlooklike:Note:Wehavescrolleddownthedataset.ThefirstlineshownhereisRow8.HereiswhatyourDataWindow03:MinitabIntroduction

AnOverviewofMinitabver12.2GEGlobalResearchGreenBelt

DMAICCourseTypeIErroraTypeIIErrorbCorrectDecision(1-a)CorrectDecision(1-b)90807060Y=50

X1

X2FuelEconomyOctaneLevelAirTemp03:MinitabIntroduction

AnOWhatisMinitab?StatisticalsoftwarepackageHasmanyofthetoolsneededtosuccessfullyanalyzedatawithrigorGraphsStatisticaltoolsfordataanalysisSixSigmaReportsCurrentSoftwareRelease:12.2WhatisMinitab?StatisticalsoWhatMinitabCanDo*DescriptiveStatisticsGageR&RCapabilityAnalysis(ZST/ZLT)Graphing-ManyTypes!Pareto,FishboneHypothesisTestingProduct&ProcessSixSigmaReportsGenerationofTestPlansforDesignedExperimentsAnalysisofDOEresultsStatisticalProcessControlRandomDataGenerationforsimulationsAGreatToolboxforSixSigmaProjects!*SubjectstobediscussedthroughoutthecourseWhatMinitabCanDo*DescriptiWhatdoesMinitabLookLike?

OnlyonewindowactiveatatimeHighlightedbarindicatesactivewindowMenuBarsSessionWindow(Keepsarunninglogofcommandsandoutputs)DataWindow(SimilartoanExcelspreadsheet)WhatdoesMinitabLookLike?PullDownmenus&DialogBoxesWhatisaDialogBox?ThedialogboxisthewaytocommunicateyourrequirementstoMinitab(variables,options,analysismethods,etc.).*SeeAppendixformoreinformationondialogboxesThreedotsafteramenuselectionindicatesa“dialogbox”willappearwhenthatitemisselected.AnarrowheadindicatestherearemoremenuselectionsavailableEnteryourselectionshere...Andhere!ContextSensitiveHelpinMinitabisReallyHelpful!!ExampleofaDialogBox:PullDownmenus&DialogBoxeWaystoenterdatainMinitabEntereddirectlyintothespreadsheet(the‘Data’window)TypethedatadirectlyinUsethedataentryarrowtochoosehowyouwishtoenterthedata(inrowsorincolumns)Copied/pastedFromMINITABFromother“Windows”softwareImported/LinkedFrommanycommonlyusedsoftwarepackagesFromsavedtextorASCIIfilesGeneratedbyMinitabRandomdataPatterneddata(Ex.:1,2,3,4,1,2,3,4....)Referencedata(subscriptsthatindicatethesourceofthedata)WaystoenterdatainMinitabEMinitabTips-DataEntryWhenenteringdataintheDataWindow,therearethreeimportantaspects:Dataisnormallyenteredincolumnsforeaseofanalysis(clickonthesmallarrowintheupperleftcornertochangeentrydirection)Columnheadingsareenteredabovethecolumn,NOTinthefirstrow(31charactersmaximum)Ifanalphabeticcharacteristypedinthefirstcellofacolumn,theentirecolumnisconvertedtotextHeadingRowTextColumnNumericColumnsDataEntryDirectionArrowMinitabTips-DataEntryWhenSavingInformationinMinitab“Print”commandprintshighlightedwindowonly!Windowcanbedata,session,graph,etc.1)AsaWorksheet-Savesthedataonly.SaveCurrentWorksheet(as)SaveWorksheetas2)AsaProject-Data,sessiontext,graphs,andmore.SaveProject(as)(1)(2)SavingInformationinMinitab“Scenario:AnewprocesshasrecentlybeeninstalledtomanufactureextrudedplasticsheetinAP5.Theexistingprocessisstillinservicemakingsheet.Wewanttodeterminewhetherthetwoprocessesproducesheetofthesamethickness.TheCTQforthisprocessissheetthickness.20sampleshavebeencollected(5subgroupswith4samplespersubgroup)takenatvarioustimesduringthetwo-shiftoperation.ClassExerciseStepsintheProcess:Enterthedata(Y’s)inaspreadsheetAddcolumnswithotherusefulinformation(X’s,subscripts,etc)Arrangethedataforanalysis(combine,stack,etc.)GraphthedataDefinethePracticalProblemFirstScenario:ClassExerciseStepsStartablankworksheetandenterthedatabelowintocolumnsC1andC2.Labelyourcolumnsasindicated.UsingtheEnterkeywillalwayscausethecursortomoveinthedirectionofthedataentryarrow.(Makesurethearrowispointingdown)20DataPoints5subgroups(fourdatapointstakenatdifferenttimesofday)Themeasurementsareinthousandthsofaninch.Step1:EntertheDataColumnTitlesMinitabColumnHeadingsDoubleClicktocopyDataintoMinitabStartablankworksheetandenStep2:AdditionalColumnsofInformationMinitabhasfeaturestomaketheaddingofadditionalinformationeasierthantypingitinbyhand.Inthiscase,itwouldbeveryhelpfultonumberthesamplesandindicatethetimeofdaythesamplewastaken.Firsttypeintwonewcolumnheadings: C3:SampleNumber C4:TimeSeconduseMinitab’sbuilt-infeatureforgeneratingpatterneddata:IMPORTANTNOTE!!Minitabmusthaveuniquecolumnnamesforeachnewcolumn.Calc>MakePatternedData>SimplesetofnumbersStep2:AdditionalColumnsofForColumnC3,wewouldliketoindicatethesamplenumber.Sincethereare20samples,C3shouldcontainnumbersfrom1-20.Here’showthatdataiscreated:

Adialogboxshouldappear.Fillitinasshownbelow:Here’swhatthedatawindownowlookslike:IfyouhavemanydatapointsthisismucheasierthantypingtheminbyhandCalc>MakePatternedData>SimpleSetofNumbersForColumnC3,wewouldliketNow,let’sfillinthetimesthesamplesweretakeninColumnC4.Remember,therewere5subgroupsofdatawith4sampleseach.Subgroupsweretakenatthefollowingtimes:9:00am12:00pm3:00pm6:00pm9:00pm

Usethesamemenucommand,butthistimeselect“Date/TimeValues”Calc>MakePatternedData> SimplesetofDate/TimeValuesFillinthedialogboxasshownbelow:Thedataisinthespreadsheet-nowwehavetoarrangeitsoMinitabcananalyzeit...Click‘OK’Now,let’sfillinthetimestStep3:ArrangingDataforAnalysisWhatdoes‘stacking’mean?-Placingdatafrommultiplecolumnsintooneormore(new)columnsHowisstackingdone? -Fromthemenubar,choose: Manip>Stack/Unstack Chose>StackColumnsor >StackBlocksofColumns -FillinthedialogboxasrequiredMinitab(generally)needsdataincolumnstoperformcomparisonsandstatisticalanalyses.Tomanipulateallthedataintotheappropriatecolumnsiscalled“Stacking”.Step3:ArrangingDataforAn“StackBlocksofColumns”allowsmultiplecolumnsofdatatobestackedWhatisitwearetryingtodo?We’dliketohaveonecolumnwithallofthethicknessdata(40totalpoints),andcarryalloftheadditionalinformationonsamplenumberandtimewitheachdatapoint.NOTE:Whenmorethanonecolumnneedstobestack