代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的一致

代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的一致each,either,neither和由some,any,no,every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞，都作單數(shù)看待.Eachofushassomethingtosay.Somebodyisusingthephone.Neitherofushasgonethroughregulartraining.Haseitherofthemtoldyou?some,few,both,many等作復(fù)數(shù)some可后接復(fù)數(shù)，也可接單數(shù)，表示某一.none作復(fù)數(shù)看待時(shí)較多,但也有時(shí)作單數(shù)看待，主要看說(shuō)話人腦中聯(lián)系想到的是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù)概念，但none在代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)總是看作單數(shù)：NoneofthebooksareeasyenoughforusNoneofusseemtohavethoughtofit.None(=notasingleone)ofushasgotacamera.None(=nobody)hasfeltitmorekeenlythanshedid.Noneofthisworriesme.all和most可后接復(fù)數(shù)，也可接不可數(shù)名詞(allofthe...,mostofthe…),動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).由and或both.and連接名詞詞組時(shí)，后用復(fù)數(shù)；由notonly.but(also),either.or,neither.nor或or連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)通常和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致.Notonlytheswitchesbutalsotheoldwritinghasbeenchanged.Mysisterormybrotherislikelytobeathome.EitheryouorMrYangistodothework.NeithermywifenorImyselfamabletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind.如果一個(gè)句子是由there或here引導(dǎo)，而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)，謂語(yǔ)通常也和最鄰近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致.Therewascarvedintheboardadragonandaphoenix.Hereisapen,afewenvelopesandsomepaperforyou.people,police,cattle,poultry（家禽），militia（民兵）等通常都用作復(fù)數(shù).Cattlearegrazingonthepasture.Thepolicearelookingforhim.有些集體名詞有時(shí)作單數(shù)看待，有時(shí)作復(fù)數(shù)看待，主要根據(jù)意思來(lái)決定.Hisfamilyisn’tverylarge.Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.Thecommitteemeetstwiceamonth.Thecommitteearedividedinopinion.Theaudiencewasenormous.Theaudienceweregreatlymovedatthewords.有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形，可根據(jù)意思決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)：Thisnewseriesisbeginningnextmonth.Thesenewseriesarebeginningnextmonth.Thisspeciesisnowextinct.Thesespeciesarenowextinct.表示時(shí)間，重量，長(zhǎng)度，價(jià)值等的名詞，盡管仍是復(fù)數(shù)形式，如果作整體看待，動(dòng)詞也可用單數(shù)形式（當(dāng)然用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞也是可以的）：Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparations.Onehundredliwascoveredinasinglenight時(shí)態(tài)1）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)（have/hasbeen+-ing分詞構(gòu)成）：動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始，繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可能繼續(xù)下去，也可能剛剛結(jié)束.I’vebeenwritinglettersforanhour.I’vebeensittinginthegarden.2）過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（由hadbeen+ing分詞構(gòu)成）：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作I’dbeenworkingforsometimewhenhecalled.Wehadbeenwaitingforherfortwohoursbythetimeshecame.3）將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.Bynextsummer,hewillhavebeenworkingherefortwentyyears.Inanothermonth'stimeshe'llhavebeenstudyinghereforthreeyears.4）將來(lái)完成時(shí)（由shall/willhave+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成）：將來(lái)某時(shí)會(huì)業(yè)已發(fā)生的事.Ishallhavefinishedthisonebeforelunch.They'llhavehittheyear'stargetbytheendofOctober.語(yǔ)態(tài)可以有兩種被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的類型，例如：Hewassaidtobejealousofhersuccess.Itwassaidthathewasjealousofhersuccess.能同時(shí)適用于上述兩個(gè)句型的主動(dòng)詞通常都是表示''估計(jì)〃,、、相信〃等意義的動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)的有assume,believe,expect,fearfeel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.Itissupposedthattheshiphasbeensunk.Theshipissupposedtohavebeensunk.擔(dān)當(dāng)besupposedto與不定式的一般形式搭配時(shí)往往表示不同的意義.例如：Whyareyoudrivingsofastinthisarea?Youaresupposedtoknowthespeedtoknowthespeedlimit.（你應(yīng)該曉得速度限制）雙賓語(yǔ)及賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面，但多數(shù)是把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ).Hewasaskedanumberofquestionsatthepressconference.Twodayswereallowedthemformakingthenecessarypreparations.賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：ShewascalledBigSisterbyeverybody.Thenhewasmadeasquadleader.Hewasconsideredquitequalifiedforthejob.Theroomwasalwayskeptcleanandtidy.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Vi+advTheplanetookofftwohourslate.Vi+prepTheylookedroundtheCathedral.Vi+prep（有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）She’slookingafterhersister’schildren.Thechildrenwerealwayswelllookedafter.Vi+adv+prepIbegantolookforwardtotheirvisits.Vt+O+advSomewomenchoosetostayathomeandbringuptheirchildren.Thechildrenwerebroughtupbytheirmother.Theytookhimon.Vt+adv+O（無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Iamtryingtogiveupsmoking.Vt+O+prepWetalkedDonaldintoagreement.在以as,than,when,if,unless等引導(dǎo)的從句中的省略：在有些狀語(yǔ)從句中,如果謂語(yǔ)包含有動(dòng)詞be,主語(yǔ)又和主句的主語(yǔ)一致a）,或者主語(yǔ)是itb）,就常常可以把從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一部分（特別是動(dòng)詞be）省略掉Lookoutforcarswhencrossingthestreet.Whentakenaccordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffects.Whiletherehejoinedinvoluntarylabouronaproject.Althoughnotyetsixmonthsold,shewasabletowalkwithoutsupport.Ifnotwellmanaged,irrigationcanbeharmful.Thoughreducedinnumbers,theygainedinfightingcapacity.Thisviewpoint,howeverunderstandable,iswrong.Enemies,oncediscovered,weretightlyencircledandcompletelywipedout.Shehurriedlylefttheroomasthough/ifangry.Sheworkedextremelyhardthoughstillratherpoorinhealth.Fillintheapplicationasinstructed.Wheneverknown,suchfactsshouldbereported.Thedocumentswillbereturnedassoonassigned.Hesaidthatnoacrobatcouldeverperformthosedaringfeatsunlesstrainedveryyoung.Oncehavingmadeapromise,youshouldkeepit.IfnecessaryI’llhavdieletterduplicated.Fillintheblankswitharticleswhere(ver)necessary.Ifpossible,Ishouldliketohavetwocopiesofit.Asscheduled,theymetonJanuary20attheChineseEmbassy.在以thana)或asb)引起的從句中，常會(huì)有一些成分省略.Hetoldmenottousemorematerialthan(itis)necessary.Weshouldthinkmoreofthecollectivethanofourselves.Theyworkedwithasmuchenthusiasmasyoungpeople(did).Heisnowavice-manager,butstilloftenworksinthekitchenasbefore.Theirtrainingisfree,asisalleducation.Wewill,asalways,standonyourside.錯(cuò)誤的省略HislifeisasfullycommittedtobooksasanyoneIknow.Whilestandingthereinhernightgown,twobulletsstruckthewallbesideh.er一致如果主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，盡管