黑龍江省大慶中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期第一次月考英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

大慶中學(xué)2021—2022學(xué)年度高二上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)月考試題本試卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）兩部分第I卷（選擇題共100分）第一部分閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Planyourdreamvacationtooneoftheseexcellentdestinations.St.LuciaAbundantrainforestsandsplendidmountainsareallreasonstovisitthisCaribbeanisland.St.Luciaofferstheperfectmixofrelaxationandadventure.Totakeinthebreathtakingscenery,plantohikethePitonMountainsordiveinthewatersofAnseChastanet.Banff.AlbertaThisCanadiandestinationwillbringouttheexplorerinanyonewhovisits.Fromhikingandwhitewaterraftingtoskiingandsnowboarding,Banffofferstravelersanabundanceofyear-roundoutdooractivities.TheLakeLouiseSkiResortisoneofthelargestinNorthAmericaandthestrikingphotoopportunitiesoftheCanadianRockiesfromMoraineLakecan’tbeunderestimated(低估).MachuPicchuAccordingtotravelers,avisittothisPeruvianUNESCOWorldHeritage(遺產(chǎn))siteisaonce-in-a-lifetimeadventure.LocatedintheAndesMountains,itisthemostfamiliaricon(象征物)ofIncacivilization.SpendafewdaysaccustomingyourselftothealtitudeintheneighboringcityofCusco,whereyoucanexperienceamixofIncanandSpanishcultures.GreatBarrierReefIt’seasytoseewhytheGreatBarrierReefisoneoftheSevenNaturalWondersoftheWorld—itstretchesnearly1,500milesalongtheeasterncoastlineofAustraliaandfeaturesabout3,000reefs,900islandsandmorethan1,500speciesoffish.Travelerscanseetheseamazingnaturalstructuresfromtheairorunderwater.However,largeamountsofcoralbleaching(褪色)causedbyrisingoceantemperaturesputthisplace’scontinuedexistenceatrisk,soplanyourvisitsoontoseethisawesomesightupclose.1.WhatcanyouenjoybothinSt.LuciaandBanff?A.Diving. B.Snowboarding.C.Hiking. D.Skiing.2.Wheremayahistorianchoosetogo?A.MachuPicchu. B.Banff.Alberta.C.St.Lucia. D.GreatBarrierReef.3.WhatdoweknowabouttheGreatBarrierReef?A.Peoplemusttakeaplanetoenjoyitsbeauty.B.It’sfamousforcoralreefsratherthanfish.C.It’sonthewesterncoastofAustralia.D.Itmaydisappeariftemperaturekeepsonrising.Compassion（同情）isadesirewithinustohelpothers.Witheffort,wecantranslatecompassionintoaction.Anexperiencelastweekendshowedmethisistrue.Iworkpart-timeinsupermarketacrossfromabuildingfortheelderly.Theseoldpeopleareourmaincustomers,andit’snothardtolosepatienceovertheirslowness.ButlastSunday,oneagedgentlemanappearedtoteachmeavaluablelesson.Thisuntidymanwalkeduptomyregister（收款機(jī)）withaboxofbiscuits.Hesaidhewasoutofcash,hadjustmovedintohisroom,andhadnothinginhiscupboards.Heaskedifwecouldlethimhavethefoodontrust.Hepromisedtorepaymethenextday.Icouldn’thelpstaringathim.Iwonderedwhatkindofpersonhehadbeentenortwentyyearsbefore,andwhathewouldbelikeiffortunehadgonehisway.Ihadahurtinmyheartforthiskindofhumansoul,allaloneintheworld.ItoldhimthatIwassorry,butstorerulesdidn’tallowmetodoso.Ifeltstupidandunkindsayingthis,butIvaluedmyjob.Justthen,anotherman,standingbehindthefirst,spokeup.Ifanything,helookedmorepitiable,“Chargeittome,”wasallhesaid.WhatIhadbeenfeelingwaspity.Pityissoftandsafeandeasy.Compassion,ontheotherhand,iscaringinaction.Ithankedthesecondmanbuttoldhimthatwasnotallowedeither.ThenIreachedintomypocketandpaidforthebiscuitsmyself.Ireachedintomypocketbecausethesetwomenhadreachedintomyheartandtaughtmecompassion.4.Theagedgentlemanwhowantedtobuythebiscuits______.A.promisedtoobeythestorerulesB.hopedtohavethefoodfirstandpaylaterC.forgottotakehiscreditcardwithhimD.couldnotaffordanythingmoreexpensive5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheoldgentleman?A.Kindandlucky. B.Friendlyandhelpful.C.Poorandlonely. D.Hurtanddisappointed.6.Whydidtheauthorrefusetheoldgentleman’srequestfirst?A.Heconsideredtheoldmandishonest.B.Hefeltnopityfortheoldgentleman.C.Hewantedtokeephispresentjob.D.Heexpectedsomeoneelsetopayfortheoldman.7.Whatlessondidtheauthorlearnfromthisexperience?A.Obeyingtherulesmeansmorethancompassion.B.Wealthismostimportantinolderage.C.Experienceisbettergainedthroughpractice.D.Compassionmeanshelpinginsomeway.IfthethreeRs(reduce,reuseandrecycle)isaguidelinetosavetheplanet,garbage-sortingiswheretheeffortsstart.SinceMay1,Beijinghasstartedtocarryoutmandatorygarbage-sortinginneweffortstobetterprotecttheenvironment.Underthenewregulation,residentsarerequiredtoclassifyhouseholdwasteintofourcategories:kitchen,recyclable,hazardousandotherwaste.Peoplewhofailtosorttheirgarbageproperlycanbefinedfrom50to200yuan,reportedXinhua.SomeresidentialcommunitiesinBeijinghaveintroducedrewardstoencourageresidentstosorttheirgarbage.AccordingtoXinhua,residentscanearnpointsbyclassifyingtheirdomesticwastecorrectlyandthenexchangethepointstheyaccumulatefordailynecessitiessuchassoap.Garbagesortingpracticeshavereachedover70percentofhousingestatesin18cities,includingShanghai,XiamenandHangzhou,accordingtotheMinistryofHousingandUrban-RuralDevelopment.Shanghaifirstenactedamandatorygarbage-sortingregulationinJuly2019andhashada90percentcompliance(服從)rateamongitshousingestates.AccordingtoareportbytheMinistryofEcologyandEnvironment,over90percentofthepublicbelievethatgarbage-sortingisimportantfortheprotectionoftheenvironment.However,garbage-sortingisstillabigprobleminChina.Only30percentofparticipantssaidtheythinktheyarecompletelysortingtheirwaste,thereportnoted.AccordingtoXinhua,it’spartlybecausemanypeoplelackthewillingnesstosorttheirownwaste.Also,somepreviousgarbageregulationsdidn’tincludefinesforpeoplewhofailedtoobeythem.“It’samusttohavealegalguaranteetopromotegarbagesorting,”LiuJianguo,aprofessorfromTsinghuaUniversity,toldChinaDaily,“AsidefromChina,manycountrieslikeGermany,SpainandBritain,alsoaskpeopletosortwasteintospecificcategories.InJapan,thereisafixedtimeforthesortingofeachkindofgarbageandlittering.”8.WhatcanwelearnaboutthenewregulationinBeijing?A.Ithasn’tbeenputintouseyet.B.Residentscansortthegarbageastheylike.C.Peoplecangetmoneyiftheyclassifytheirdomesticwastecorrectly.D.Thosewhocan’tsortthegarbageasthenewrulerequiresshallbefined.9.What’stheproblemingarbagesortinginChina?A.Mostpeopleareunawareofitsimportanceinprotectingenvironment.B.Somepeopledon’twanttotakethetroubletosortthegarbage.C.Onlyresidentsinbigcitiescansortthetrashcorrectly.D.Thegovernmentdoesn’thaveenoughmoneytosupportgarbagesorting.10.WhatcanweinferfromLiuJianguo’swords?A.It’sdifficulttocarryoutgarbagesortinginChina.B.Somelawsingarbage-sortingareneeded.C.Peopleindevelopedcountriescanbettersortthegarbage.D.WeshouldlearnfromJapan.11.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Garbagesorting,anewstartinChina B.NewregulationsinBeijingC.Argumentongarbagesorting D.HowtosortdomesticgarbageWhenparentsdiscovertheirchildrenhaveliedtothemforthefirsttime,itcanoftencomeasashocktofindtheirlittletreasuresarecapableofsuchatrick.Butnewresearchhassuggestedmanyparentsmaynotevennoticemanyoftheliestheirchildrentellthem.Psychologistshavediscoveredthatmostparentsareover-confidentintheirchildren'shonestyandthismayimpairtheirabilitytodiscoveralie.Thefindingsmayhelptoexplainwhysomeparentsseemtobewillingtolettheirchildrengetawaywith(未受懲罰)almostanythingeveninthefaceoftheevidence.Theysayparentssufferfroma“truthbias(偏見(jiàn))”withtheirownyoungsters,butwhenfacedwithliesfromotherpeople'schildren,theyhavelessdifficultytellingifastatementistrueornot.DrAngelaEvans,apsychologistatBrockUniversityinCanada,said,“Thecloserelationshipthatparentssharewiththeirownchildrenmayleadtoparentsfailingtodetecttheirchildren'slies.Parents'truthbiasmayresultinparentsbeinglessdoubtfulabouttheirchildren,allowingthemtosuccessfullycheatthem.”Mostchildrenarethoughttostartlyingasearlyastwoyearsoldbutstarttellingmorebelievableliesataroundtheageoffouryearsold.Learninghowtolieisconsideredasakeypartofcognitive(認(rèn)知的)andsocialdevelopmentinchildren.Butmanyparentsareshockedwhentheirchildrenstartlyingtothem.Intheirstudy,DrEvansandhercolleaguesfilmed108childrenagedbetween8and16astheyperformedatestafterbeingaskednottolookattheanswers.Theywerethenaskedafterwardsiftheyhadlooked,with50truthfullydenyinglooking,49lyingaboutlookingand9admittingtolooking.Videosofthosedenyinglookingwerethenshownto152parentsofchildrenaged8to16,80ofwhomhadchildrenwhohadtakenpartinthetest.Theresearchersfoundthattheparentswerelessabletospotliestoldbytheirownchildrenthanbyotherpeople'schildren.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“impair”inParagraph2mean?A.show. B.develop.C.damage. D.recognize.13.Whenlyingtotheirparents,childrencan'tbeeasilyfoundbecause________.A.theirparentspretendnottoseethelies B.theirparentsaren'tpreparedfortheliesC.theyareverygoodathidingtheirlies D.theyknowhowtolietotheirparents14.WhatdoesDrEvanswanttofindaboutchildren'slying?A.Whatmakesparentslosetrustintheirchildren.B.Whatcauseschildrentotellliestotheirparents.C.Whatmakesparentsfailtoseetheirchildren'slies.D.Whataffectschildren'srelationswiththeirparents.15.WhatcanbeinferredfromDrEvans'sstudyinthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Parentstendtoprotecttheirownchildren.B.Lyingisapartofchildren'sdevelopment.C.Childrenaged8to16areverylikelytotelllies.D.Parentscanjudgeliestoldbychildrenofothersmoreeasily.第二部分七選五（共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Thereisahugepowerinknowinghowtomakeadjustmentsinlife.Infact,it’spossibletoturnfailureintosuccessbymakingtherightadjustments.___16___Whateveryourstationinlife,everyonewillfacewhatIcallthe3Cs:changes,challengesandchoices.Thefollowingaresomesimplebutpowerfultipstohelpyoumakeeffectivelifeadjustments.___17___Mostpeopleseewiththeireyesbutveryfewpeopleknowhowtoobserve.Thedifferencebetweenseeingandobservingislikethedifferencebetweenreadingandstudying.Onefactorinhelpingyoutolistenbetteristohearnotonlywhatpeoplesaybutalsowhattheydon’tsay.Readingbodylanguageandvoiceinflection(音調(diào)變化)canhelpyoulistenbetweenthelines.Alltheseplayaneffectiveroleinhelpingyoutothinkwithyoureyesandears.Learntogowiththeflow.Thepeoplewholearntomakethebestlifeadjustmentscandevelopthehabitofgoingwiththeflow.___18___Noticepeoplewhocangowiththeflowandyouwillfindapersonwithsharpinstinctstheydependon.___19___Ifyoucankeepanattitudeofpreparationfor3Cs,you’llhavethebestchanceofmakingeffectivelifeadjustments.Asthesayinggoes,ifyoustayready,youdonothavetogetready.___20___A.Listentowhatpeopledon’tsay.B.So,what’soneofthekeyfactorsforpeoplewhofailtomakelifeadjustments?C.Learntothinkwithyoureyesandears.D.Thebestwaytodothatistotrustyourinstincts.E.Bepreparedforchanges,challengesandchoices.F.Thekeyisinknowingwheretheyareneededandhowmuch.G.That’sthebestadviceforanyonewhowantstomakethebestlifeadjustmentsandwin!第三部分完形填空（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從短文后所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Itwasahot,dampsummerday.AfterI____21____mytankinthelocalgasstation,Istartedtowalkinsidetopay.JustthenInoticedtwoelderly____22____standingbackfromtheircar.Therewasamixtureofshockand____23____ontheirfaces.Ifollowedtheir____24____andsawwhattheysaw:fiveyellowjacketswerebuildinga____25____aroundtheirgascap.Myeyes____26____.Isharedtheladies'fear.Yellowjacketshadneverbeen____27____tome.WhenIwasayoungboy,afriendofmineandIwere____28____andplayinginmybackyard.Imusthave____29____ononeoftheirhiddennestswhilerunning.____30____,bothofuswerebeingchasedandstungoverandoverbytheyellowjackets.Weranaway____31____withgreatfear.Mymom____32____ranacoldbathandputusbothinittoeasethepainanditching(瘙癢)____33____givingusmedicinetofightallthepoisoninourlittlebodiesfromthestings.IknewIcouldn'tletfearstopmenow.I____34____mybackpocketforapapertowelIhadthere,toreoutthenestandsteppedonitwhilethe____35____wasps(黃蜂)buzzedaroundme.____36____oftheladiesthankedmeexcitedly.Ismiled,andnervousnessandfearwerereplacedwith____37____.Inthislife,youcan'tletthefearofbeingstungeitherphysicallyor____38____keepyoufromdoingwhatisright.Weneedtogo____39____ourselvesandloveeachother.Don'tlettheyellowjacketsinyourlife____40____youback.21.A.filled B.moved C.charged D.emptied22.A.men B.women C.drivers D.jackets23.A.anger B.pain C.sadness D.fear24.A.nose B.ears C.eyes D.mouth25.A.room B.nest C.house D.hall26.A.widened B.closed C.opened D.lowed27.A.lovely B.likely C.friendly D.carefully28.A.jumping B.climbing C.walking D.running29.A.removed B.stepped C.paced D.searched30.A.Asaresult B.Afterall C.Aboveall D.Atthesametime31.A.discussing B.exploring C.screaming D.laughing32.A.nervously B.suddenly C.casually D.immediately33.A.after B.while C.before D.until34.A.reachedinto B.arrivedin C.gotto D.pulledout35.A.happy B.angry C.sad D.worried36.A.Neither B.Both C.All D.None37.A.pain B.surprise C.doubt D.joy38.A.heartedly B.intelligently C.emotionally D.punctually39.A.through B.back C.ahead D.beyond40.A.hold B.set C.hang D.give第II卷（非選擇題共50分）第四部分語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。KeepingadiaryinEnglishisoneofthe____41____(effect)waystoimproveourEnglishwritingability.____42____(compare)withotherformsofwriting,itisshorterandtakes____43____（little）time.ItcanhelpustodevelopthehabitofthinkinginEnglish.____44____weinsistinthispractice,graduallywe’lllearnhowtoexpress____45____(we)inEnglish.InkeepingadiaryinEnglish,wecertainlycomeacrossmany____46____(difficult).Inthefirstplace,____47____oftenhappensthatwehavetrouble____48____(find)properwordsandphrasestogiveexpressiontoourmind.Secondly,therearemanyidiomaticwaysofsayingthingsinChinese.AsfarasI’m____49____(concern),mysuggestionisthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChinese-Englishdictionarywithineasyreach.WecanalsoturntoourEnglishteacherforhelp,ifnecessary.Inshort,IbelievethatitisofgreatusetokeepadiaryinEnglishfor____50____developmentofourwritingskills.第五部分短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）51.此題要求改正所給短文中的錯(cuò)誤。短文中有10處錯(cuò)誤，每句最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏詞符號(hào)（∧）,并在此符號(hào)下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（﹨）劃掉修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1、每處錯(cuò)誤及修改均僅限一詞。2、只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。IwasonmywayschoolthisafternoonwhenImetwithayoungAmericancouple.Theylookedworrying,soIwentuptothemandaskedifonlythey'dlikeanyhelp.Theysaidthattheywantedtogototherailwaystation,buttheydidn'tknowtheway.Heardthis,Iofferedtoleadthemhere.Theyweresothankfultomethattheysaid"thankyou"againandagainbutIfeltveryproudofme.ButwhenIarrivedattheschool,Ifoundmyselflaterforclass.Ihadtoexplainthathadhappenedtomyteacher.ShesaidIhavedoneagooddeedandpraisedme.第六部分書(shū)面表達(dá)（滿分25分）52.假定你是李華，正在教你的英國(guó)朋友Lisa學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)你寫封郵件告知下次上課的計(jì)劃。內(nèi)容包括：（1）時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)；（2）內(nèi)容：學(xué)習(xí)唐詩(shī)（Tangpoetry）；（3）課前準(zhǔn)備：簡(jiǎn)要了解唐朝的歷史。注意：1．詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。DearLisa,_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua########################################################################################【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】本文是說(shuō)明文，介紹了四處假期極好的去處及各自特色。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)St.Lucia中plantohikethePitonMountainsordiveinthewatersofAnseChastanet.和Banff.Alberta中Fromhikingandwhitewaterraftingtoskiingandsnowboarding,Banffofferstravelersanabundanceofyear-roundoutdooractivities.可知在St.Lucia和Banff人們都可以徒步旅行，故選C.2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MachuPicchu中avisittothisPeruvianUNESCOWorldHeritage(遺產(chǎn))siteisaonce-in-a-lifetimeadventure.和SpendafewdaysaccustomingyourselftothealtitudeintheneighboringcityofCusco,whereyoucanexperienceamixofIncanandSpanishcultures.可知?dú)v史學(xué)家們可知在這里參觀聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織世界遺產(chǎn)遺址，體驗(yàn)印加文化和西班牙文化的融合。故選A.3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)GreatBarrierReef中l(wèi)argeamountsofcoralbleaching(褪色)causedbyrisingoceantemperaturesputthisplace’scontinuedexistenceatrisk,soplanyourvisitsoontoseethisawesomesightupclose.可知海洋溫度升高造成大量珊瑚褪色，對(duì)大堡礁的存在造成了威脅。由此可推斷如果溫度繼續(xù)升高，大堡礁可能會(huì)消失。故選D.【答案】4.B5.C6.C7.D【解析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，作者通過(guò)一位老人買餅干而沒(méi)錢付賬的經(jīng)歷告訴我們可以把同情的愿望轉(zhuǎn)化為行動(dòng)。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Hesaidhewasoutofcash,hadjustmovedintohisroom,andhadnothinginhiscupboards.Heaskedifwecouldlethimhavethefoodontrust.Hepromisedtorepaymethenextday.”可知，結(jié)賬時(shí)這個(gè)老人說(shuō)自己沒(méi)有錢了，問(wèn)我他可不可以先把餅干拿走，第二天再把錢送來(lái)，故B項(xiàng)正確。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段老人身上連買餅干的錢都沒(méi)有及第二段中的“allaloneintheworld.”可知，他又窮又孤獨(dú)，故C項(xiàng)正確。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“butstorerulesdidn’tallowmetodoso.Ifeltstupidandunkindsayingthis,butIvaluedmyjob.”可知，商店的規(guī)定不允許先拿貨后付錢，作者想保住這份工作所以不敢違反規(guī)定，故C項(xiàng)正確。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Compassion（同情）isadesirewithinustohelpothers.Witheffort,wecantranslatecompassionintoaction.”可知，同情是我們內(nèi)心幫助別人的愿望，通過(guò)努力，我們可以把它轉(zhuǎn)化為行動(dòng)，也就是說(shuō)作者從這個(gè)經(jīng)歷中學(xué)到了同情意味著以某種方式幫助別人，故D項(xiàng)正確?！敬鸢浮?.D9.B10.B11.A【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要說(shuō)明了自5月1日起，北京開(kāi)始實(shí)施強(qiáng)制垃圾分類，以更好地保護(hù)環(huán)境。文章介紹了這一政策的相關(guān)規(guī)定，說(shuō)明了如今中國(guó)垃圾分類的現(xiàn)狀和存在的一些問(wèn)題，以及其他人對(duì)于中國(guó)垃圾分類的一些看法。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Peoplewhofailtosorttheirgarbageproperlycanbefinedfrom50to200yuan,reportedXinhua.”可知據(jù)新華社報(bào)道，沒(méi)有對(duì)垃圾進(jìn)行分類的人將被處以50元到200元的罰款。由此可知，那些不能按照北京新規(guī)則的要求進(jìn)行垃圾分類的人將被罰款。故選D。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“However,garbage-sortingisstillabigprobleminChina.Only30percentofparticipantssaidtheythinktheyarecompletelysortingtheirwaste,thereportnoted.AccordingtoXinhua,it’spartlybecausemanypeoplelackthewillingnesstosorttheirownwaste.”可知然而，垃圾分類在中國(guó)仍然是一個(gè)大問(wèn)題。報(bào)告指出，只有30%的受訪者表示，他們認(rèn)為自己已經(jīng)完全對(duì)垃圾進(jìn)行了分類。據(jù)新華社報(bào)道，部分原因是許多人不愿意對(duì)自己的垃圾進(jìn)行分類。由此可知，中國(guó)垃圾分類的問(wèn)題是有些人嫌垃圾分類麻煩。故選B。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“It’samusttohavealegalguaranteetopromotegarbagesorting,”LiuJianguo,aprofessorfromTsinghuaUniversity,toldChinaDaily,“AsidefromChina,manycountrieslikeGermany,SpainandBritain,alsoaskpeopletosortwasteintospecificcategories.InJapan,thereisafixedtimeforthesortingofeachkindofgarbageandlittering.”可知清華大學(xué)教授劉建國(guó)在接受《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》采訪時(shí)表示：“推廣垃圾分類必須有法律保障。除中國(guó)外，德國(guó)、西班牙和英國(guó)等許多國(guó)家也要求人們對(duì)垃圾進(jìn)行分類。在日本，垃圾分類的時(shí)間是固定的?！庇纱丝赏浦?，劉建國(guó)認(rèn)為需要制定一些垃圾分類的法律。故選B。4.標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段中“SinceMay1,Beijinghasstartedtocarryoutmandatorygarbage-sortinginneweffortstobetterprotecttheenvironment.Underthenewregulation,residentsarerequiredtoclassifyhouseholdwasteintofourcategories:kitchen,recyclable,hazardousandotherwaste.Peoplewhofailtosorttheirgarbageproperlycanbefinedfrom50to200yuan,reportedXinhua.”可知自5月1日起，北京開(kāi)始實(shí)施強(qiáng)制垃圾分類，以更好地保護(hù)環(huán)境。根據(jù)新規(guī)定，居民需要將生活垃圾分為四類：廚房垃圾、可回收垃圾、有害垃圾和其他垃圾。據(jù)新華社報(bào)道，沒(méi)有對(duì)垃圾進(jìn)行分類的人將被處以50元到200元的罰款。結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了自5月1日起，北京開(kāi)始實(shí)施強(qiáng)制垃圾分類，以更好地保護(hù)環(huán)境。文章介紹了這一政策的相關(guān)規(guī)定，說(shuō)明了如今中國(guó)垃圾分類的現(xiàn)狀和存在的一些問(wèn)題，以及其他人對(duì)于中國(guó)垃圾分類的一些看法。由此可知，A選項(xiàng)“垃圾分類，中國(guó)的新起點(diǎn)”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。【答案】12.C13.B14.C15.D【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述父母對(duì)孩子的誠(chéng)實(shí)過(guò)于自信，和自己孩子的親密關(guān)系而無(wú)法察覺(jué)孩子的謊言，所以當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子說(shuō)謊時(shí)感到震驚，并對(duì)此原因進(jìn)行了研究和說(shuō)明。1.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“Butnewresearchhassuggestedmanyparentsmaynotevennoticemanyoftheliestheirchildrentellthem.（但新的研究表明，許多父母甚至可能沒(méi)有注意到他們的孩子對(duì)他們說(shuō)的許多謊言）”以及這個(gè)單詞的上半句“Psychologistshavediscoveredthatmostparentsareover-confidentintheirchildren'shonesty（心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，大多數(shù)父母對(duì)孩子的誠(chéng)實(shí)過(guò)于自信）”由此可知父母可能會(huì)忽視自己的孩子說(shuō)謊，由此推斷“thismayimpairtheirabilitytodiscoveralie.”意為這可能會(huì)破壞或者削弱父母發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子說(shuō)謊的能力，故猜測(cè)impair意為“削弱，破壞”，A.show展示；B.develop開(kāi)發(fā)；C.damage損壞；D.recognize認(rèn)出，故選C。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Psychologistshavediscoveredthatmostparentsareover-confidentintheirchildren'shonestyandthismayimpairtheirabilitytodiscoveralie.Thefindingsmayhelptoexplainwhysomeparentsseemtobewillingtolettheirchildrengetawaywith(未受懲罰)almostanythingeveninthefaceoftheevidence.（心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，大多數(shù)父母對(duì)孩子的誠(chéng)實(shí)過(guò)于自信，這可能會(huì)削弱他們發(fā)現(xiàn)謊言的能力。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可能有助于解釋為什么一些父母似乎愿意讓他們的孩子僥幸逃脫，即使面對(duì)證據(jù)。）”和第四段“Thecloserelationshipthatparentssharewiththeirownchildrenmayleadtoparentsfailingtodetecttheirchildren'slies.（父母與孩子之間的親密關(guān)系可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致父母無(wú)法察覺(jué)孩子的謊言）”等內(nèi)容可知父母對(duì)孩子過(guò)于自信，不愿意接受孩子說(shuō)謊的事實(shí)，父母和孩子關(guān)系親密，一般無(wú)法察覺(jué)孩子的謊言，即他們對(duì)孩子說(shuō)謊的事實(shí)沒(méi)有做好心理準(zhǔn)備。故選B。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“DrAngelaEvans,apsychologistatBrockUniversityinCanada,said,“Thecloserelationshipthatparentssharewiththeirownchildrenmayleadtoparentsfailingtodetecttheirchildren'slies.Parents'truthbiasmayresultinparentsbeinglessdoubtfulabouttheirchildren,allowingthemtosuccessfullycheatthem.”（加拿大布魯克大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家安吉拉·埃文斯博士說(shuō)：“父母與孩子之間的親密關(guān)系可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致父母無(wú)法察覺(jué)孩子的謊言。父母的真相偏見(jiàn)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致父母減少對(duì)孩子的懷疑，從而讓他們成功地欺騙孩子?！保笨芍?，他想要發(fā)現(xiàn)父母不能成功識(shí)別孩子謊言的原因，故選C。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Videosofthosedenyinglookingwerethenshownto152parentsofchildrenaged8to16,80ofwhomhadchildrenwhohadtakenpartinthetest.Theresearchersfoundthattheparentswerelessabletospotliestoldbytheirownchildrenthanbyotherpeople'schildren.（隨后，研究人員將那些否認(rèn)自己偷看的孩子的視頻展示給152名8歲至16歲孩子的父母看，其中的80人的孩子也參加了測(cè)試。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，父母辨別自己孩子的謊言的能力不如辨別別人孩子的謊言的能力）”可推斷，父母判斷別人的孩子說(shuō)謊比判斷自己孩子說(shuō)謊更容易，故選D?！敬鸢浮?6.F17.C18.D19.E20.G【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了，每個(gè)人在生活中會(huì)面對(duì)3Cs（變化、挑戰(zhàn)和選擇），對(duì)于它們，文章給出了一些簡(jiǎn)單有效的建議幫助讀者做出有效的生活調(diào)整，從而變得成功。1.由上一句“事實(shí)上，通過(guò)正確的調(diào)整，有可能把失敗變成成功?！笨芍?，承接上文，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“關(guān)鍵是要知道哪里需要它們，需要多少。”切題。該選項(xiàng)中的they對(duì)應(yīng)上文中的therightadjustments。故選F項(xiàng)。2.此空是小標(biāo)題，應(yīng)從ACE三項(xiàng)中做出選擇。由下文的“大多數(shù)人用眼睛看，但很少有人知道如何觀察。看和觀察的區(qū)別就像閱讀和學(xué)習(xí)的區(qū)別。幫助你更好地傾聽(tīng)的一個(gè)因素是不僅要聽(tīng)別人說(shuō)什么，還要聽(tīng)別人沒(méi)說(shuō)什么?！笨芍薪酉挛?，C選項(xiàng)“學(xué)會(huì)用眼睛和耳朵思考?！鼻蓄}。該選項(xiàng)中的eyesandears對(duì)應(yīng)下文中的observe和hear。故選C項(xiàng)。3.由空前一句“學(xué)會(huì)調(diào)整生活的人可以養(yǎng)成隨波逐流的習(xí)慣?！焙涂蘸笠痪洹皩W(xué)注意那些能隨波逐流的人，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)依賴敏銳直覺(jué)的人?！笨芍?，承接上下文，D選項(xiàng)“最好的辦法就是相信你的直覺(jué)?！鼻蓄}。該選項(xiàng)中的instincts對(duì)應(yīng)下文中的sharpinstincts。故選D項(xiàng)。4.此空是小標(biāo)題，應(yīng)從ACE三項(xiàng)中做出選擇。由下文中的“如果你能保持一種為3Cs做準(zhǔn)備的態(tài)度，你將有最好的機(jī)會(huì)做出有效的生活調(diào)整?！笨芍?，承接下文，E選項(xiàng)“為變化、挑戰(zhàn)和選擇做好準(zhǔn)備?！鼻蓄}。該選項(xiàng)中的Bepreparedforchanges,challengesandchoices對(duì)應(yīng)下文中的preparationfor3Cs。故選E項(xiàng)。5.由上一句“俗話說(shuō)，如果你準(zhǔn)備好了，就不需要準(zhǔn)備。”可知，承接上文，G選項(xiàng)“對(duì)于那些想作出最好的生活調(diào)整并取得勝利的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這是最好的建議！”切題。故選G項(xiàng)。【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.C25.B26.A27.C28.D29.B30.A31.C32.D33.C34.A35.B36.B37.D38.C39.D40.A【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一個(gè)炎熱潮濕的夏日，作者盡管怕黃蜂，但還是勇敢地幫人搗掉蜂巢的故事。作者通過(guò)這個(gè)故事告訴我們，我們要克服恐懼，超越自我。1.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我在當(dāng)?shù)氐募佑驼炯訚M油后，我開(kāi)始走進(jìn)去付錢。A.filled裝滿；B.moved移動(dòng)；C.charged控訴，收費(fèi)；D.emptied清空。根據(jù)后文“Istartedtowalkinsidetopay.”可知，作者應(yīng)該是加滿油后去付款。故選A。2.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就在那時(shí)，我注意到兩個(gè)老婦人站在車后。A.men男人；B.women女人；C.drivers司機(jī)；D.jackets夾克衫。根據(jù)后文“Isharedtheladies'fear.”可知，此處指兩個(gè)老婦人站在車后。故選B。3.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們的臉上流露出震驚和恐懼。A.anger生氣；B.pain痛苦；C.sadness悲傷；D.fear恐懼。根據(jù)后文“Isharedtheladies'fear.”可知，這兩個(gè)老婦人感到恐懼。故選D。4.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我順著他們的眼睛看去，看到了他們看到的東西:五只黃蜂正在他們的氣帽周圍筑巢。A.nose鼻子；B.ears耳朵；C.eyes眼睛；D.mouth嘴巴。根據(jù)后文“sawwhattheysaw”可知，此處需用動(dòng)詞see，表示作者順著他們的眼睛看去。故選C。5.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.room房間；B.nest巢穴；C.house房屋；D.hall大廳。根據(jù)后文倒數(shù)第二段“toreoutthenestandsteppedonit”可知，此處指黃蜂在筑巢。故選B。6.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的眼睛睜得很大。A.widened(眼睛)睜大；B.closed關(guān)閉；C.opened打開(kāi)；D.lowed降低。根據(jù)后文“Isharedtheladies'fear.”可知，因?yàn)榭謶?，作者眼睛睜得很大。故選A。7.考查形容詞和副詞詞義辨析。句意：黃蜂對(duì)我從來(lái)都不友好。A.lovely可愛(ài)的；B.likely可能的；C.friendly友好的；D.carefully小心地。根據(jù)后文“bothofuswerebeingchasedandstungoverandoverbytheyellowjackets.”可知，因?yàn)樽髡吆团笥驯稽S蜂叮咬過(guò)，所以此處需用形容詞friendly，表示黃蜂對(duì)我從來(lái)都不友好。故選C。8.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我還是個(gè)小男孩的時(shí)候，我和一個(gè)朋友在我的后院跑步玩耍。A.jumping跳躍；B.climbing爬；C.walking行走；D.running奔跑。根據(jù)后文“whilerunning.”可知，作者和朋友在后院奔跑玩耍。故選D。9.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我一定是在跑的時(shí)候踩到了他們的一個(gè)隱蔽巢穴。A.removed移走；B.stepped踩踏；C.paced踱步；D.searched尋找。根據(jù)后文“bothofuswerebeingchasedandstungoverandoverbytheyellowjackets.”可知，因?yàn)樽髡吆团笥驯稽S蜂叮咬了，由此可推知此處指作者在跑步時(shí)踩到了蜂巢。故選B。10.考查固定短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：結(jié)果，我們倆都被黃蜂一次又一次地追趕和叮咬。A.Asaresult結(jié)果；B.Afterall畢竟；C.Aboveall尤其重要的是；D.Atthesametime同時(shí)；前文說(shuō)作者踩到了黃蜂的蜂巢，后文說(shuō)作者被黃蜂叮咬，空后表示結(jié)果，需用asaresult。故選A。11.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們嚇得尖叫著跑開(kāi)了。A.discussing討論；B.exploring探索；C.screaming尖叫；D.laughing大笑。前文說(shuō)作者和朋友被黃蜂追趕叮咬，所以空處需用screaming，表示作者和朋友嚇得尖叫著跑開(kāi)了。故選C。12.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：媽媽馬上給我們洗了個(gè)冷水澡，讓我們倆都泡在里面來(lái)緩解疼痛和瘙癢，然后給我們開(kāi)了一些藥來(lái)對(duì)抗我們小身體里的所有毒素。A.nervously緊張地；B.suddenly突然地；C.casually隨意地；D.immediately立刻。因?yàn)樽髡吆团笥驯稽S蜂叮咬了，所以此處需用副詞immediately，表示媽媽馬上給作者和朋友洗了個(gè)冷水澡。故選D。13.考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.after在……之后；B.while當(dāng)……時(shí)候；C.before在……之前；D.until直到。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，應(yīng)該在用藥前洗澡，所以此處需用連詞before。故選C。14.考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：我從后面的口袋里掏出紙巾，扯出蜂巢，踩在上面，憤怒的黃蜂在我周圍嗡嗡作響。A.reachedinto伸進(jìn)；B.arrivedin到達(dá)；C.gotto到達(dá)；D.pulledout退出。根據(jù)后文“mybackpocketforapapertowelIhadthere”可知，此處指作者伸手去口袋拿紙巾。故選A。15.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.happy開(kāi)心的；B.angry生氣的；C.sad悲傷的；D.worried著急的。根據(jù)前文“toreoutthenestandsteppedonit”可知，因?yàn)樽髡叱冻龇涑?，踩在上面，所以黃蜂憤怒。故選B。16.考查代詞詞義辨析。句意：兩位女士都興奮地向我道謝。A.Neither兩者都不；B.Both兩者都；C.All全部(三者以及以上)；D.None都不(三者以及以上)。根據(jù)前文“JustthenInoticedtwoelderly_____standingbackfromtheircar.”可知，此處有兩位女士，所以排除選項(xiàng)C和D，再結(jié)合前文描述可知，因?yàn)樽髡邘兔ε吡朔涑?，所以這兩位女士都很興奮。故選B。17.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我笑了，緊張和恐懼被喜悅所取代。A.pain痛苦；B.surprise驚訝；C.doubt懷疑；D.joy開(kāi)心。根據(jù)前文“Ismiled”可知，因?yàn)樽髡咝α?，由此可知，作者感到開(kāi)心而不是恐懼和緊張。故選D。18.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在這一生中，你不能讓身體上或情感上的恐懼阻礙你做正確的事。A.heartedly銘記在心地；B.intelligently聰明地；C.emotionally情感上地；D.punctually準(zhǔn)時(shí)地。由空前副詞“physically”可知，空處需用副詞emotionally與之對(duì)應(yīng)。故選C。19.考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我們需要超越自我，彼此相愛(ài)。A.through通過(guò)；B.back向后；C.ahead向前；D.beyond超過(guò)。根據(jù)作者前文克服恐懼幫助兩位老婦人弄走馬蜂窩和空后“andloveeachother.”可知，此處指超越自己，彼此相愛(ài)。故選D。20.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：不要讓生活中的“黃蜂”阻礙你前進(jìn)。A.hold容納，扣留；B.set設(shè)置；C.hang懸掛；D.give給。根據(jù)前文一句描述可知，作者建議我們要超越自我，所以此處指我們不能讓生活中的“黃蜂”阻礙前進(jìn)；holdback阻礙，固定短語(yǔ)，符合題意。故選A?！敬鸢浮?1.effective42.Compared43.less44.If45.ourselves46.difficulties47.it48.finding49.concerned50.the【解析】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述用英語(yǔ)寫日記的好處。1.考查形容詞。句意：用英語(yǔ)記日記是提高我們寫作能力的有效方法之一。根據(jù)句意可知，提示詞effect在句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞ways，應(yīng)用形容詞effective，意為“有效的”。故填effective。2.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句