牛津高中英語虛擬語氣的全部考點和記憶技巧

牛津高中英語虛擬語氣的全部考點和記憶技巧牛津高中英語虛擬語氣的全部考點和記憶技巧牛津高中英語虛擬語氣的全部考點和記憶技巧資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月牛津高中英語虛擬語氣的全部考點和記憶技巧版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準:發(fā)布日期：虛擬語氣的基本內(nèi)容【開頭引入】If如果(如果有兩種可能,有可能發(fā)生的，不可能發(fā)生的。)①有可能發(fā)生Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwillnotgotothepark.②不可能發(fā)生虛擬語氣，例如，如果我是姚明，。。。虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望，假設，猜測或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實。所以，凡表示與事實不符的假設，想象，愿望時，需用虛擬語氣表達。一、If引導的虛擬（一）If引導的虛擬語氣,可用下表表示。從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反did/wereWould/could/should/mightdo與過去事實相反HaddoneWould/could/should/mighthavedone與將來時間相反1.did/were2.shoulddo3.weretodoWould/could/should/mightdo例如：與現(xiàn)在事實相反：IfIhadwings,Iwouldflyoverthesea.Ifshewererich,shewouldbuyabiggerhouse.Iftherewerenogravity,wewouldnotbeabletowalkontheearth.②與過去事實相反：IfYouhadgonetotheparty,YouwouldhaveseenYaoMing.Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexam.③與將來事實相反：Ifheweretotomorrow,Wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifheshouldcometomorrow,Wecouldgototheparktogether.IftherewereaheavysnownextMonday,wewouldnotgoskating.（二）if虛擬語氣條件句的省略倒裝。如果虛擬條件從句中有were,had,should,可把if省略，把were,had,should提到主語前面，成為倒裝結(jié)構。①IfIwereyou,Iwouldacceptthechallenges.----WereIyou,Iwouldacceptthechallenges②Ifyouhadinformedmeearlier,Iwouldn’thavesignedthecontract.----Hadyouinformedmeearlier,Iwouldn’thavesignedthecontract.③Ifsheshouldbemydaughter,Iwouldn’tallowhertostudyabroad.----Shouldshebemydaughter,Iwouldn’tallowhertostudyabroad.VIPTips:Wereitnotfor…“如果要不是…”Haditnotbeenfor…“如果當時要不是…”①Wereitnotforyourhelp,Iwouldneverbeagoodboss.要不是你的幫助，我永遠成不了一個好的老板。②Haditnotbeenforyou,Iwouldhavelostmyway.當時要不是你，我就迷路了。**如果謂語動詞是否定形式，不能用動詞的縮略形式。3.Ifitweren’tfortheexpense,Iwouldgobroadnow.Wereitnotfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.Exercises.1Hadsheworkedharder,she_____________________(succeed).IfthelawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,he________________mefromgoing.(prevent)__________suchadisaster_________,thedamagewouldbeincalculable.(occur)_________he_________today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.(leave)IftherewerelifeonMars,suchlifeforms__________unabletosurviveontheearth.(be)--Didyouremindhimofthemeeting?--No,ifI__________athome,Iwouldhave.(be)—Johnwenttothehospitalalone.—Ifhe_____meaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtold9.Ifwe____theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken10.Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit____breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might11.HadIknowaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandmoney____.A.wouldhavebeensavedB.hadbeensavedC.willbesavedD.wassaved二、錯綜時間條件句*注意：考試時會出現(xiàn)一種情況，從句動作發(fā)生的時間和主句動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，被稱為“錯綜時間條件句”，我們要分別根據(jù)從句和主句的動作發(fā)生的時間對其進行虛擬。例如：Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.如果你剛才聽了我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就好多了。②Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.如果你以前好好學習的話，你現(xiàn)在就是大學生了。③Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.如果他今天方便的話，我們就可以把他送到北京去了。Exercises2MaybeifI____science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying2.Look!Ifwehadbeguntodotheworkyesterdaymorning,we____ourselvesjustlikethem.A.wouldhaveenjoyedB.weretoenjoyC.shouldenjoyD.wouldbeenjoying3.Ifyouhadtakenthemedicineyesterday,you________sobadnow.A.wouldn’thavefeltB.don’tfeelC.wouldn’tbefeelingD.aren’tfeeling4.IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforthepoorin1995,thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthiscountry__________soserious.A.wouldn’tbeB.won’tbeC.willnothavebeenD.wouldnothavebeen三、含蓄條件句。有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導的條件從句，而是通過介詞短語，副詞，連詞替代來代替條件從句。例如：1.如果沒有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成任務。Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,…Without/Butforyourhelp……我那天生病了，否則，我就參加運動會了。IfIhadnotbeenillthatday,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting,butIwasillthatday.Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.四、特殊句式1.饅頭-面條原理用于表示建議，決定，命令等詞語后的that-從句①用在suggest(建議)，insist(堅決要求)，order(命令，下令)，advise(勸告，忠告)，propose(提議，建議)，recommend(勸告，建議)和require(法規(guī)要求，規(guī)定)等動詞之后的that-賓語從句中，從句謂語動詞用（should）+動詞原形。Hesuggestedthatwe(should)startoffearlythenextday.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.Headvisedthatshe(should)waitforafewweeks.Weproposedthatsomeoneneutral(should)takethechair.Teachersrecommendparents(should)notallowtheirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.注意：當suggest表示“暗示”，“表明”之意，insist表示“堅持認為”，后面的賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolethemoney.②用在idea,suggestion,advice,request,proposal,demand,order,plan等名詞之后的that-表語從句和同位語從句。從句謂語動詞用(should)+動詞原形。Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoDalianforsightseeing.Youradvicethatshe(should)waittillnextweekisreasonable.Heignoredtheneighbor’srequeststhathe(should)makelessnoise.Mydemandisthattheinformationreferredinmyreport(should)beemailedtoMr.Brownwithoutdelay.③Itissuggested/strange/important/necessary/essential/recommended/natural/apitythat+從句。從句的謂語動詞用（should）+動詞原形。如果從句動作先發(fā)生，則用shouldhave+過去分詞。Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.Itisstrangethatheshouldhaveactedtowardshisparentslikethat.Itwasnecessarythathe(should)leaveimmediately.Itisabsolutelyessentialthatallthefacts(should)beexaminedfirst.Itisrecommendedthatthework(should)notbestarteduntilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.注意：當suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“堅持說，力言”之意，后面不用虛擬語氣。例如：①Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.他臉上的微笑表明他對我們的工作很滿意。②Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.那個人堅持他沒有偷錢。eq\o\ac(○eq\o\ac(○,背)1個堅持：insist1個決定：decide2個命令：order/command3個要求：demand/require/desire4個建議：advise/propose/suggest/recommendVIPTips:虛擬語氣在從句中的運用，主要在在上面這些表示建議命令要求等的詞匯后面，用should+動詞原形。要熟記上面的詞匯，同時要掌握這些詞匯的名詞形式及有的形容詞的形式，在考試時題目有時會故意省略should，自己要根據(jù)這些提示詞來判斷后面的虛擬語氣。Exercises31.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody____________therules.(obey)2.Idon’tthinkitadvisablethatTom_____________tothejobsincehewasexperienced.(assign)3.Mysuggestionisthattheexperiment_____________inanotherway.(do)4.Itisofutmostimportancethatyou_____________hereontime.(be)5.Itwasproposedthatthematter__________________atthenextmeeting.(discuss)6.Thedoctorhasgiventheorderthatthepatient____________abatheveryday.(have)7.Itisvitalthatyou________________ourcompetitortoknowourplan.(permit)8.Emphasisislaidonthenecessitythatalltheobjectives_______________intoaccountbeforestartinganewproject.(take)9.Hedidhishomeworkcarefullyforfearthathe_____________.A.madeamistakeB.makesamistakeC.makeamistakeD.wouldmakeamistake10.Itisdecidedthathe____________forabustomeettheguestsfromBeijing.A.callB.callsC.arrangeD.arranged2.wish引導的賓語從句表示一種不太可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，用虛擬語氣。謂語動詞的構成如下：表達意義賓語從句動作—wish從句謂語動詞時態(tài)examples與現(xiàn)在事實想法的愿望從句動作與wish同時過去時IwishIwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.與過去事實相反的愿望從句動作先于wish過去完成時IwishIhadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.將來難以實現(xiàn)的愿望從句動作后于wishCould/would/might+動詞原形IwishIcouldgotoBrazilandwatchtheWorldCup.注意：此語法規(guī)則同樣適用于ifonly+句子=howIwish+that從句3.wouldrather+賓語從句如用虛擬語氣，其構成為wouldrather+動詞過去式/過去完成時（從句動作先發(fā)生），意為“我寧愿…”Shewillgethomeatdinnertime,butIwouldratershegothomealittleearlier.Hedidn’tattendthemeeting.Iwouldratherhehadbeenpresent.Exercises4Theyofferedthisexpensivewine,butfranklyI’dratherthey__________(offer)mesomebeer.IwishI_____________abletotalkitoverwithhimwhenhewasherelastnight.(be)LookattheterriblesituationIamin!HowIwishI_______________youradvice.(take)SometimesIwishI___________________inadifferenttimeandadifferentplace.(live)Wouldn’tyouratheryourchild____________bedearly

(go)

Hiswifewouldratherthatthey______________aboutthematteranymore.(nottalk)Ifonlytheexplosion_________________,thosepeoplewouldnothavebeenkilled.(happen)HowIwishit_______________(rain).Ifit________________inafewdays,thecropswouldbesaved.(rain)Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butIwouldratherhe___________moreonitsculture.(focus)3.Itis(high)time(that)…意為（現(xiàn)在）該…，表示提議。從句前無that,謂語動詞用過去式。如果有that,用動詞過去式或用should+動詞原形。Itis(high)timeyouwenttoschool.Itis(high)timethatyouwenttoschool.Itis(high)timethatweshouldstartout.4.asif引導的從句asif引導的從句謂語動詞與主句謂語動詞表達的動作同時發(fā)生，從句謂語動詞用過去式；先于主句謂語動詞，用過去完成式；后于主句謂語動詞，用過去將來時。Helooksasifhewereanartist.HespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifhehadstudiedEnglishinAmerica.HelearnsEnglishsohardasifhewouldgototheUSA.Exercises5Shewassittingquietlyinthegardenasifnothing_____________tohim.(happen)Hefoughtashardasifhiswife_________indanger.(are)It’shightimeyou_____________himforhisbeinglate.(criticize)Lookingaroundthesmallvillage,hefeltasthoughhe_________fromanevildream.(wake)Dr.Bethuneworkedhardasifhe___________________tired.(neverfell)Itishightimethatsuchapractice_____________anendto.(put)Isn’tithightimewe_____________responsibly,withournation’sfutureinmind

(live)

Thetreelookedasifit________________foralongtime.(notwater)ThewholefamilygreetmeasifI__________amemberofthefamily.(be)5．在高考中，情態(tài)動詞運用在虛擬語氣中表示責備和批評語氣?！皊hould(oughtto/could/may/might)+havedone”表示“過去應該做而未做到”的虛擬語氣。該結(jié)構的否定形式則表示“過去不該做的事情卻做了”的意思，是一種委婉的責備。語氣最強的是should,語氣最弱的是might。eq\o\ac(○,背)1.couldhavedone本能夠做而未做2.should/oughttohavedone本應該做而未做3.needn’thavedone本不必做而做了4.mighthavedone本可能做而未做5.wouldratherhavedone寧愿做過某事6．would(should)like/lovetohavedone本想做而未做具體講解：1.表示委婉批評could/may/might+havedone結(jié)構，常譯為“本可以做得更……一些”①Youarelateagain.Youcouldhavecomeearlier.你又來晚了，你本應該早一點來的。②You’vemadeafewmistakes.Youmighthavebeenalittlebitmorecareful.你犯了幾個錯誤，你本應該更細心些。2.表示強烈責備Should/oughttohavedone結(jié)構，常譯為“本應該做的更…一些…,結(jié)果…”①Youshouldhavetoldmeearlierthatyouweren’tabletocome.你本應該早點告訴我你不能來的。（暗示我在這里已經(jīng)等了很長時間了。）②Youshouldn’thavefailedthistime.你這次本不該失敗的。（暗示對你這次失敗的不滿）3.表示本來沒有必要needn’t+have+過去分詞結(jié)構，常譯為“做了不必要做的事情”①Youneedn’thavetoldhim.Hehasalreadyknownaboutit.你當時沒有必要告訴他，他已經(jīng)知道了。②It’ssonear.Weneedn’thavetakenataxi.這么近，當時我們沒有必要做出租車的。VIPTips:情態(tài)動詞＋havedone表示對過去動作或狀態(tài)的推測時1．Can/Could+主語＋havedone(疑問句)可能做過某事嗎

2．Can’t/Couldn’thavedone(否定句)不可能做過某事3．may/might+havedone(肯定句)可能做過某事4.musthavedone(肯定句)一定做過某事高考速遞1.（2012浙江，19）Hadtheyknownwhatwascomingnext,they____secondthoughts.A.mayhaveB.couldhaveC.musthavehadD.mighthavehad2.(2012江蘇，35)——Happybirthday!——Thankyou!It’sthebestpresentI_____for.A.shouldhavewishedB.musthavewishedC.mayhavewishedD.couldhavewished3.(2012山東，30)Ifwe______adequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.A.haven’tmadeB.wouldn’tmakeC.musthavehadD.hadn’tmade4.(2012安徽，31)Gracedoesn’twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshe_____there,shewouldn’tbeabletoseehisparentsveryoften.A.livesB.wouldliveC.haslivedD.weretolive5.（2012，北京，35）Don’thandlethevaseasifit______madeofsteel.A.isB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeenKeys:DDDDC虛擬語氣練習題Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody_____therules.A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey2.IwishI______youyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee3.-----Ifhe______,he______thatfood.-----Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken4.Withoutelectricityhumanlife______quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe5.Whenapenispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_____.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken6.Youdidnotletmedrive.Ifwe_____inreturn,you_____sotired.A.drove;didn’tB.drove;wouldn’tC.driving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot7.Ididn’tseeyouruncleattheparty.Ifhe______,hewouldhavesaidhellotome.A.wouldcomeB.hadcomeC.cameD.didcome8.______it_____foryourhelp,Icouldn’thavemadeanyprogress.A.Had;notbeenB.Should;notbeC.Did;notbeD.Not;be9.MrSmihwasbadlyill,orhe_____ourdinnerparty.A.shouldcometoB.wouldhaveattendedC.wouldcometoD.shouldhaveattended10.Ifonlyhe_____quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlaidD.shouldlie11.Whatwouldhavehappened______A.BobhadwalkedfatherB.ifBobshouldwalkfatherC.hadBobwalkedfatherD.ifBobwalkedfather12.Bellrememberseverythingexactlyasifit______yesterday.A.washappeningB.happensC.hashappenedD.happened13.Itisapitywecan’tfindhim.Ifhe______here,he_____ushowtodoit.A.were;toldB.were;wouldtellC.hadbeen;hadtoldD.hadbeen;told14.Ifwe______200yearsold,we_____everything.A.weretobe;couldchangeB.hadbeen;changedC.were;wouldhavechangedD.shouldbe;changed15.Ifyourfather_____this,hewouldbeangry.A.knowsB.knewC.hadknownD.wouldknow16.______youraddress,Iwouldhavewrittentoyou.A.DidIknowB.WereItoknowC.HadIknownD.IfIshouldknow17.Thepatientinsistedthathe_____illand______tothehospital.A.wasn’t;wasn’tsentB.wasn’t;shouldn’tbesentC.shouldn’tbe;wasn’ts