考研英語-經(jīng)典一百句

TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.[參考譯文]的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系基本上是以私有企業(yè)和市場導(dǎo)向經(jīng)濟(jì)來構(gòu)建的，在這種經(jīng)Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmento izeprofitsandthedesireofindividualsto izetheir es,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.[參考譯文]因此，在的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系中，消費(fèi)者的需求與商人試圖最大化其利潤If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.[參考譯文另一方面，如果大量制造某種商品導(dǎo)致其成本下降，那么這就有可能增加IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivate[參考譯文]在經(jīng)濟(jì)中，私有的概念不僅包含對生產(chǎn)資源的所，也指其他一些特定的權(quán)利，如確定一個產(chǎn)品價格和與另一個私人(經(jīng)濟(jì)單位)自由簽定合同Atthesametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployersarethemostefficient,allowing nelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersforpromotional[參考譯文同時這些計算機(jī)記錄下哪些時間是最忙的，哪些員工工作效率最高，這樣Numerousothercommercialenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,fromgasandelectricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthroughtheuseofcomputers.[參考譯文]不計其數(shù)的其他商業(yè)企業(yè)，從劇院到雜志商，從公用燃?xì)怆娏υO(shè)施到ExceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameageForthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.[參考譯文殘疾兒童在許多關(guān)鍵方面都與其同齡人不同。為了讓這些孩子發(fā)展其全部Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.[]在過去的0會中的一種中情緒，那是所有的公，管其情況有多特，都應(yīng)享有分Itservesdirectlytoassistarapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprice,therebyestablishingafirmhomemarketandsomakingitpossibletoprovideforexportatcompetitiveprices.(使公司)Apartfromthefactthattwenty-sevenactsofParliament ernthetermsofadvertising,noregularadvertiserdarepromoteaproductthatfailstoliveuptothepromiseofhisadvertisements.[參考譯文]除去議會有27件法案來規(guī)范的條件，沒有任何一個正式的商敢于Ifitsmessagewereconfinedmerelytoinformationandthatinitselfwouldbedifficultifnotimpossibletoachieve,forevenadetailsuchasthechoiceofthecolorofashirtissubtlypersuasive-advertisingwoundbesoboringthatnoonewoundpayanyattention.[參考譯文]如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就而言，如果這不是完全不可能達(dá)到Theworkerswhogetsapromotion,thestudentwhosegradesimprove,theforeignerwholearnsanewlanguage-alltheseareexamplesofpeoplewhohavemeasurableresultstoshowforthereefforts.[參考譯文Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,theinformalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.[參考譯文隨著家庭離開他們原來穩(wěn)定的社區(qū)，離開他們多年的朋友和擴(kuò)展的家庭關(guān)Theindividualnowhasmoreinformationavailablethananygeneration,andthetaskoffindingthatonepieceofinformationrelevanttohisorherspecificproblemiscomplicated,time--consuming,andsometimesevenoverwhelming.[參考譯文]現(xiàn)在每個人能夠得到的信息比任何時代的人都多，而找到與他／特定Expertisecanbesharedworldwidethrougheconferencing,andproblemsindisputecanbesettledwithouttheparticipantsleavingtheirhomesand/orjobstotraveltoadistantconferencesite.[參考譯文]通過會議，知識可以在全世界范圍內(nèi)被，而爭論的問題能夠Thecurrentpassionformakingchildrencompeteagainsttheirclassmatesoragainsttheclockproducesatwo-layersystem,inwhichcompetitiveA-typesseeminsomewaybetterthantheirBtypefellows.[參考譯文現(xiàn)在這種讓孩子們和其同學(xué)或時間競爭的熱情導(dǎo)致了一個雙層結(jié)構(gòu)，在這個結(jié)構(gòu)里面競爭的A類好像在某個方面要比他們B類的同輩更勝一籌。Whiletalkingtoyou,yourcould-beemployerisdecidingwhetheryoureducation,yourexperience,andotherqualificationswillpayhimtoemployyouandyour"wares"andabilitiesmustbedisplayedinanorderlyandreasonablyconnected[參考譯文在跟你談話的時候，可能成為你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、經(jīng)驗TheCorporationwillsurviveasapubliclyfundedbroadcastingorganization,atleastforthetimebeing,butitsrole,itssizeanditsprogramsarenowthesubjectofanationwidedebateinBritain.[參考譯文]英國將作為一個公共基金支持的廣播組織存在下來，至少目前會Thedebatewaslaunchedbytheernment,whichinvitedanyonewithanopinionoftheBBC--includingordinarylistenersandviewertosaywhatwasgoodorbadabouttheCorporation,andevenwhethertheythoughtitwasworthkee.[參考譯文]這場辯論是由發(fā)動的，請任何一個對英國有意見的人一Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofesssignalelementandpreventedthedeclineinefficiencythatsocommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationaftertheenergeticfounders.[參考譯文這種變化通過引入許多的專業(yè)因素從而適應(yīng)了這個新時代的技術(shù)要求，并Suchlarge,im almanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners:andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementof[參考譯文]這樣巨大而非個人的對和產(chǎn)業(yè)的極大地增加了股東的數(shù)量和他們TownslikeBournemouthandEastbournespranguptohouselarge"comfortable"classeswhohadretiredontheir es,andwhohadnorelationtotherestofthecommunityexceptthatofdrawingdividendsandoccasionallyattendingashareholders'meetingtodictatetheirorderstothemanagement.[參考譯文像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本這樣的城鎮(zhèn)的涌現(xiàn)是為了給那些數(shù)量很多的"舒適"The"shareholders"assuchhadnoknowledgeofthelives,thoughtsorneedsoftheworkmenemployedbythecompanyinwhichheheldshares,andhisinfluenceontherelationsofcapitalandlaborwasnotgood.[參考譯文]這樣的"股東"對他擁有的公司所雇用的工人們的生活、思想和需求一Thepaidmanageractingforthecompanywasinmoredirectrelationwiththemenandtheirdemands,butevenhehadseldomthatfamiliar alknowledgeoftheworkmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderthemorepatriarchalsystemoftheoldfamilybusinessno ssingaway.[參考譯文代表公司的花錢雇來的經(jīng)理與工人及其需求的關(guān)系更加直接，但是就連他Amongthemanyshafactors,Iwouldsingleoutthecountry'sexcellentelementaryschools:alaborforcethat edthenewtechnology；thepracticeofgivingpremiumstoinventors;andabovealltheAmericangeniusfornonverbal,"spatial"thinkingaboutthingstechnological.[參考譯文在許多形成因素當(dāng)中，我將挑選出這些：這個國家優(yōu)秀的小學(xué)教育：歡迎AsEugeneFergusonhaspointedout,"Atechnologistthinksaboutobjectsthatcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions:theyaredealtwithinhismindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess...Thedesignerandtheinventor..,areabletoassembleandmanipulateintheirmindsdevicesthatasyetdonotexist".[參考譯文]正如尤金?弗格森所的那樣："一個技術(shù)思考那些不能被簡化成能RobertFultononcewrote,"Themechanicshouldsitdownamonglevers,screws,wedges,wheel,etc,likeapoetamongthelettersofthealphabet,consideringthemasanexhibitionofhisthoughts,inwhichanewarrangementtransmitsanewidea".子等等當(dāng)中，就像一個詩人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把這些字母看成自己思想的展示，--"Inthelastthreechapters,hetakesoffhisglovesandgivesthecreationistsagoodbeating.Hedescribestheirprogramsand,tactics,and,forthoseunfamiliarwiththewaysofcreationists,theextentoftheirdeceptionanddistortionmaycomeasanunpleasantsurprise.[參考譯文在最后三章中，他脫下手套，將神造論者好好地揍了一頓。他描述了他們Onthedustjacketofthisfinebook,StephenJayGouldsays:"Thisbookstandsforreasonitself."Andsoitdoes-andallwoundbewellwerereasontheonlyjudgeinthecreationism/evolutiondebate.[參考譯文在這本杰出的書的外紙封面上，史蒂芬?杰伊?古爾德寫道："這本書本身就Aftersixmonthsofarguingandfinal16hoursofhotparliamentarydebates,Australia'sNorthernTerritorybecamethefirstlegalauthorityintheworldtoallowdoctorstotakethelivesofincurablyillpatientswhowishtodie.[參考譯文16個小時激烈的議會辯論，澳大利亞北部地Somehavebreathedsighsofrelief,others,includingchurches,right-to-lifegroupsandtheAustralianMedicalAssociation,bitterlyattackedthebillandthehasteofitspassage.Butthetideisunlikelytoturnback.[參考譯文一些機(jī)構(gòu)終于松了一口氣，但是其他一些機(jī)構(gòu)，包括教堂，倡導(dǎo)生命之權(quán)InAustralia-whereanagingpopulation,life-extendingtechnologyandchangingcommunityattitudeshaveallplayedtheirpartotherstatesaregoingtoconsidermakingasimilarlawtodealwitheuthanasia.[參考譯文]在澳大利亞--人口化，延長的技術(shù)和變化看的社會態(tài)度，這些因Thereare,ofcourse,exceptions.Small--mindedofficials,rudewaiters,andillmanneredtaxidriversarehardlyunknownintheUS.Yetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment.[參考譯文]當(dāng)然，例外是存在的。在，心胸狹窄的，粗魯?shù)膫髡撸蜎]有禮Weliveinasocietyinwhichthemedicinalandsocialuseofsubstances(drugs)ispervasive:anaspirintoquietaheadache,somewinetobesociable,coffeetogetgoinginthemorning,acigaretteforthenerves.[參考譯文]我們一種藥品()的醫(yī)學(xué)用途和社會用途都很廣泛的社會里：一Dependenceismarkedfirstbyanincreasedtolerance,withmoreandmoreofthesubstancerequiredtoproducethedesiredeffect,andthenbytheappearanceofunpleasantwithdrawalsymptomswhenthesubstanceisdiscontinued.[參考譯文對藥品的依賴性首先表現(xiàn)為不斷增長的耐藥量，要產(chǎn)生想得到的效果所需"Isthiswhatyouintendedto plishwithyourcareers?"SenatorRobertDoleaskedTimeWarnerexecutiveslastweek."Youhavesoldyoursouls,butmustyoucorruptournationandthreatenourchildrenaswell?"[參考譯文]上星期參議員羅博特多爾質(zhì)問時代華納公司的高級管理們："難道這就"Thetestofanydemocraticsociety,hewroteinaWallStreetJournalcolumn',"liesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossiblelatitude,howeverdisputableorirritatingtheresultsmaysometimesbe..."[參考譯文]"對任何一個社會的考驗，"他在《華爾街雜志》的一個專欄文章中寫Duringthediscussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth'sstockholders'meeting,Levinassertedthat"musicisnotthecauseofsociety'sills"andevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx,NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewith]Muchofthelanguageusedtodescribemonetarypolicy,suchas"steeringtheeconomytoasoftlanding"of"atouchonthebrakes",makesitsoundlikeaprecisescience.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.[參考譯文]有很多用于描述貨幣政策的詞匯，例如"輕踩剎車"以"經(jīng)濟(jì)"，使EconomistshavebeenparticularlysurprisedbyfavorableinflationfiguresinBritainandtheUnitedStates,since,conventionalmeasuressuggestthatbotheconomies,andespeciallyAmerica's,havelittleproductiveslack.[參考譯文]們對英國和的有利的通貨膨脹數(shù)據(jù)尤其感到驚訝，因為傳統(tǒng)Themostthrillingexplanationis,unfortuna y,alittledefective.Someeconomistsarguethatpowerfulstructuralchangesintheworldhaveupendedtheoldeconomicmodelsthatwerebaseduponthehistoricallinkbetweengrowthand[參考譯文]很不幸，這最令人的解釋有一點(diǎn)缺陷。一些認(rèn)為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)TheAswanDam,forexample,stoppedtheNilefloodingbutdeprivedEgyptofthefertilesiltthatfloodsleft-allinreturnforagiantreservoirofdiseasewhichisnowsofullofsiltthatitbarelygenerateselectricity.[參考譯文]例如，阿斯旺大壩使得尼羅河不再洪水泛濫，但是它也奪去了埃及以前所Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace--allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing--areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy,whichisdrivenbymanyotherfactorssuchasjointinvestmentinequipmentandmachinery,newtechnology,andinvestmentineducationandtraining,[參考譯文企業(yè)重組的新方法--所有那些重新設(shè)計、縮小規(guī)模的做法--只是對一個經(jīng)濟(jì)Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,chopoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.[參考譯文Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas"TheFlightfromS.cienceandReason",heldinNewYorkCityin1995,and"ScienceintheAgeof(Mis)information,whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.[參考譯文1995"逃離科學(xué)與理性"6月在布法羅附近召開的"(錯誤)信息時代的科學(xué)"會Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswell,fromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpox toRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.[參考譯文]一項關(guān)于1996年的顯示，反科學(xué)的還可以貼在許多其他The'trueenemiesofscience,arguesPaulEhrllchofStanfordUniversity,apioneerofenvironmentalstudies,arethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarming,thedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.[參考譯文環(huán)境研究的先驅(qū)、斯坦福大學(xué)的保羅?厄爾里西認(rèn)為，科學(xué)真正的敵人是那Thisdevelopment--anditsstrongimplicationforUSpoliticsandeconomyinyearsahead--hasenthronedtheSouthasAmerica'smostdenselypopulatedregionforthefirsttimeinthehistoryofthenation'sheadcounting.[參考譯文]這種發(fā)展--以及其對政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)在未來幾年的潛在的強(qiáng)有力的影響一Oftentheychoose--andstillarechoosing--somewhatcolderclimatessuchasOregon,IdahoandAlaskainordertoescapesmog.crimeandothersofurbanizationintheGoldenState.[參考譯文他們常常選擇--現(xiàn)在依然這樣選擇--居住在那些氣候較為寒冷的地區(qū)，比如Asaresult,California'sgrowthratedroppedduringthe1970's,to18.5percent--littlemorethantwothirdsthe1960'sgrowthfigureandconsiderablybelowthatofotherWesternstates.[參考譯文207018．5％一一稍高于60年代增長率的三分之二，大大低于西部其他各州。Unlikemostoftheworld'svolcanoes,theyarenotalwaysfoundattheboundariesofthegreatdriftingplatesthatmakeuptheearth'ssurface;onthecontrary,manyofthemliedeepintheinteriorofaplate.[參考譯文]跟世界上的大多數(shù)火山不同的是，它們(熱點(diǎn))并不總是在由構(gòu)成地球表面Therelativemotionoftheplatescarryingthesecontinentshasbeenconstructedindetail,butthemotionoftheplateswithrespecttoanothercannotreadilybetranslatedintomotionwithrespecttotheearth'sinterior.[參考譯文攜帶這些大陸板塊的相對運(yùn)動已經(jīng)能夠被詳細(xì)地表述出來，但是這些板塊Asthedomegrows,itdevelopsseedfissures(cracks);inatleastafewcasesthecontinentmaybreakentirelyalongsomeofthesefissures,sothatthehotspotinitiatestheformationofanewocean.Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary--thedangersofdruginteractions,forexample--andmanyarerequiredbystateorfederalregulations,itisn'tclearthattheyactuallyprotectthemanufacturersandsellersfromliabilityifacustomerisinjured.[參考譯文]盡管警告常常是適當(dāng)而且必須的--比如對于藥物相互作用的提出警告-許多警告還是按州或規(guī)定要求給出的，然而(我們)并不清楚，如果顧客受到Atthesametime,theAmericanLawInstitute--agroupofjudges,lawyers,andacademicswhose mendationscarrysubstantialweight--issuednewguidelinesfortortlawstatingthatcompaniesneednotwarncustomersofobviousdangersorbombardthemwithalengthylistofpossibleones.[參考譯文]與此同時，法律--由一群、和理論組成，他們的Inthepastyear,however,softwarecompanieshavedevelopedtoolsthatallowcompaniesto"push"informationdirectlyouttoconsumers,transmittingmarketingmessagesdirectlytotargetedcustomers.[參考譯文]但是，在過去的一，軟件公司已經(jīng)開發(fā)出工具，使得公司可以直接將TheexamplesofVirtualVineyards, ,andotherpioneersshowthataWebsitesellingtherightkindofproductswiththerightmixofinteractivity,hospitality,andsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.[參考譯文]像VirtualVineyards，Amazon．com這樣的先驅(qū)表明，一個將交互性、Aninvisibleborderdividesthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomonthebehalfofstudents'careerprospectsandthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomforbroaderreasonsofradicaleducationreform.[參考譯文有些人為了學(xué)生的就業(yè)前景為教室里放置電腦而辯，有些人為教育的徹底Rather,wehaveacertainconceptionoftheAmericancitizen,acharacterwhoispleteifhecannotcompetentlyaccesshowhislivelihoodandhappinessareaffectedbythingsoutsideof[參考譯文]我們更應(yīng)該具有的是作為公民的某種觀念，這個公民人物如果不能很Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalinacountryaslargeasoursandwheretheeconomyisspreadoversomanystatesandinvolvessomanyinternationalcorporations.[參考譯文But,forasmallgroupofstudents,professionaltrainingmightbethewaytogosincewell-developedskills,allotherfactorsbeingequal,canbethedifferencebetweenhavingajobandnot.[參考譯文但是，對一個小部分學(xué)生來說，職業(yè)教育也是條可取的路徑。因為在其他Declaringthathewasopposedtousingthisunusualanimalhusbandrytechniquetoclonehumans,heorderedthatfederalfundsnotbeusedforsuchanexperiment-althoughnoonehadproposedtodoso--andaskedanindependentpanelofexpertschairedbyPrinceton HaroldShapirotoreportbacktotheWhiteHousein90dayswith mendationsforanationalpolicyonhumancloning.[參考譯文]他宣布自己使用這種非同尋常的畜牧繁殖技術(shù)來克隆人類，并不學(xué)校長哈羅得?夏皮羅為首的獨(dú)立的組在90天內(nèi)向白宮匯報關(guān)于制定有關(guān)克隆人Inadraftprefacetothe mendations,discussedatthe17Maymeeting,Shapirosuggestedthatthepanelhadfoundabroadconsensusthatitwouldbe"morallyunacceptabletoattempttocreateahumanchildbyadultnuclearcloning".[參考譯文]在5月17日的會議上所討論的這份的序言草案中，夏皮羅提出，專Becausecurrentfederallawalreadyforbidstheuseoffederalfundstocreateembryos(theearlieststageofhumanoffspringbeforebirth)forresearchortoknowinglyendangeranembryo'slife,NBACwillremainsilentonembryoresearch.[參考譯文]因為現(xiàn)今的法律已經(jīng)使用基金克隆胚胎(人類后裔在出生前的最早階段)用于研究或者有意地胚胎的生命，NBAC在胚胎研究上將。Ifexperimentsareplannedandcarriedoutaccordingtoplanasfaithfullyasthereportsinthesciencejournalsindicate,thenitisperfectlylogicalformanagementtoexpectresearchtoproduceresultsmeasurableindollarsandcents.[參考譯文如果試驗是像科學(xué)雜志上的報告所示的那樣如實地根據(jù)計劃規(guī)劃和實施的Itisentirelyreasonableforauditorstobelievethatscientistswhoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthereshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeeoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthe[參考譯文]者完全有理由相信，知道自己準(zhǔn)備做什么、怎么做的科學(xué)家不應(yīng)該因Nor,ifregularityandconformitytoastandardpatternareasdesirabletothescientistasthewritingofhispaperswouldappeartoreflect,ismanagementtobeblamedfordiscriminatingagainstthe"oddballs"amongresearchersinfavorofmoreconventionalthinkerswho"workwellwiththeteam."[參考譯文]如果科學(xué)家對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)式樣的整齊劃一的要求就像他的寫作所反映的一樣，Thegrandmediocrityoftoday--everyonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoff-spring--meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper- comparedtothetribe.[參考譯文]人與人之間的這種普遍現(xiàn) 并且連子嗣的數(shù)目都一樣--意味著和在土著部落中的情況相比，中上層中已喪失了80％的自然選擇中的優(yōu)勢。Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.[參考譯文當(dāng)藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域的一個新運(yùn)動發(fā)展成某種流行時尚時，最好應(yīng)該弄清這場運(yùn)動WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybeevenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight--itcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.[參考譯文然而就未來主義詩歌來說，情況則不這么簡單了，因為不管未來主義詩歌Butitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheexplanatorynotesth ertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver--andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers,"Pluff!Pluff!"Ahundredandeighty-five]軍官在橋上動手打架并雙雙掉進(jìn)河里，而后卻發(fā)現(xiàn)該行詩中不過只充斥著"Thecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-domiatedjobmarkethavelimitedtheopportunitiesofteen-agerswhoarealreadyquestioningtheheavy alsacrificesinvolvedinclimbingJanpan'srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.[參考譯文]戰(zhàn)后一代的步入成年以及女性打入主導(dǎo)的勞動力市場使得青少年的發(fā)展機(jī)會變得極為有限，他們已經(jīng)在不停地質(zhì)疑為了爬上國內(nèi)那通往優(yōu)秀學(xué)LastyearMitsuoSetoyama,whowastheneducationminister,raisedeyebrowswhenhearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWarIIhadweakenedthe"Japanesemoralityofrespectfor[參考譯文]去年，當(dāng)擔(dān)任教育部長職務(wù)的瀨戶光夫爭辯說二戰(zhàn)后由占領(lǐng)引入的自由主義革新削弱了民族"尊敬父母的道德品質(zhì)"的時候，嘩然。Witheconomicgrowthhascomecentralization:fully76percentofJapan's119millioncitizensliveincitieswherecommunityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolated,tow-generationhouseholds.[參考譯文]隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長，出現(xiàn)了集中化：1．19億公民，其中整整76％的人Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleasta-mongthem.[參考譯文]如果野心的傳統(tǒng)具有生命力，那么這傳統(tǒng)必會為許多人；尤其會受到Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWs--thelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.[參考譯文]當(dāng)然，人們現(xiàn)在對成功及其各種標(biāo)志的似乎并不亞于先前。消夏別墅、Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealsinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.[參考譯文相反，我們被款待看到這樣一些虛偽的壯觀景象，他們似乎比以前的任何書籍的商卻在三星級餐廳一日三餐；倡導(dǎo)在人生各個階段的參與制的記Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalandamateursinscience:exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.Nevertheless,theword"amateur"doescarryaconnotationthat concernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityand,inparticular,maynotshareitsvalues.[參考譯文]科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)和業(yè)余者之間劃不出涇渭分明的界線：因為任何Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedintermsofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedkingdom.[參考譯文]很自然，這種趨勢會在尤以數(shù)學(xué)或訓(xùn)練為基礎(chǔ)的自然學(xué)科領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.[參考譯文]將過去一個半世紀(jì)英國地質(zhì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的物做一下比較，(我們)就會發(fā)現(xiàn)Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythewidespreadintroductionofrefereeing,firstbynationaljournalsinthe19thcenturyandthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthe20thcentury.[參考譯文]這樣一來總的結(jié)果就是使業(yè)余者進(jìn)入專業(yè)地質(zhì)學(xué)期領(lǐng)域就更難了，19世紀(jì)的國家級上，后又在20世紀(jì)被幾家地方級地質(zhì)學(xué)所使用。Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,whereastheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.[參考譯文一個頗為相似的分化過程已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致專業(yè)的地質(zhì)學(xué)家走到一起組成一到兩個Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow--levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead--scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.[參考譯文]遺憾地講，這次機(jī)構(gòu)可信度計劃結(jié)果只獲得了一些十分低層次的IbelievethatthemostimportantforcesbehindthemassiveM&Mwavearethesamethatunderlietheglobalizationprocess:fallingtransportationandcommunicationcosts,lowertradeandinvestmentbarriersandenlargedmarketsthatrequireenlargedoperationscapableofmeetingcustomers'demands.[參考譯文我認(rèn)為巨大的并購浪潮背后的最重要的推動力同時也就是促成全球化進(jìn)程Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromotedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofadisgraced ernmentminister,Icoveredmyexitbyclaiming"Iwantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily."[參考譯文]一次平級調(diào)動了自尊，阻礙了我事業(yè)的發(fā)展，迫使我不得不拋棄聲稱"我只不過是想多和家人呆在一起"來掩蓋辭職或退出。Ihavediscovered,asperhapsKelseywillafterhermuch-publicizedresignationfromtheeditorshipofSheafterabuild-upofstress,thatabandoningthedoctrineof"jugglingyourlife",andmakingthealternativemoveinto"downshiftingbringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.[參考譯文]或許正像凱爾西在積勞重負(fù)而公開地辭去她在《她》雜志社的編輯一WhileinAmericathetrendstartedasareactiontotheeconomicdecline-afterthemassredundanciescausedbydownsizinginthelate'80s-andisstilllinkedtothepoliticsofthrift,inBritain,atleastamongthemiddle-classdownshiftersofmyacquaintance,wehavedifferentreasonsforseekingtosimplifyourlives.[參考譯文]在，這一返樸趨勢是以經(jīng)濟(jì)的反應(yīng)為開始的--那是在80年代末期Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe'80s,down-shiftinginthemid'90sisnotsomuchasearchforthemythicalgoodlift-growingyourownorganicvegetables,andriskingturningintoone-asa recognitionofyourlimitations.[參考譯文]對于我這一代曾在整個80年代為生活奔波的女人來說，90年代中期出現(xiàn)Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit'11beappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman'snotoriousbadtasteinties.[參考譯文]如果你是你對象中的一員，那么你就身處一種(有利)位置宋了解對你Therearealre