碩士英語(yǔ)綜合教程2-課后答案

碩士英語(yǔ)綜合教程2-課后答案碩士英語(yǔ)綜合教程2-課后答案碩士英語(yǔ)綜合教程2-課后答案資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月碩士英語(yǔ)綜合教程2-課后答案版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁(yè)次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：碩士英語(yǔ)綜合教程2課后習(xí)題答案Unit1Human-basedStrategyReadingComprehensiona.Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthestatementfromthetext.(1)B(2)C(3)A(4)A(5)Bb.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationyou’velearnedinthetext.(1)theyvalueculturaldiversity;theyarefamilyfriendly;theyinvestinemployeetraining;theyempowertheiremployees(2)theiremployees;HowardSchultz(3)culturalandtechnicalaspects;coffeeknowledge,productexpertise,customerserviceandinterpersonalskills(4)fullhealthanddentalcoverage,vacation,andparticipationinthecompanywidestockplancalledBeanStock(5)selfmanagedworkteams;crossfunctionalteamsVocabularya.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthewordsorphrasesyouhavelearnedinthetext.(1)astute(2)ignite(3)enthusiasm(4)turnover(5)transaction(6)interactwith(7)comeintocontactwith(8)empower(9)superior(10)dropoutb.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.(1)B(2)D(3)A(4)C(5)B(6)A(7)D(8)B(9)C(10)AClozeChooseanappropriatewordfromthefollowinglisttofillineachofthefollowingblanks.EachwordcanbeusedonlyONCE.Changetheformwherenecessary.(1)motivated(2)selecting(3)retain(4)relied(5)differentiated(6)recruited(7)adaptability(8)prospective(9)require(10)efficiently(11)comprehensive(12)challenge(13)survived(14)rate(15)tripled(16)generous(17)financial(18)reveal(19)premium(20)moraleTranslationa.ChinesetoEnglish1)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(1)Thefascinationgeneratedbyexplorationwillinspireouryoungpeopletostudymath,scienceandengineering,andcreateanewgenerationofinnovatorsandpioneers.(2)UponreturningtoEngland,heemployedthefavorablemediaattentionasalaunchingpadforhisforayintopolitics.(3)Owningtothenatureofeverygrowingbusiness,youwillneedtobeonthegoconstantly,andalsobeonthegopreparedtoworkshiftwork,includingnightsandweekends.(4)InAustralia,gasolinepriceshaveretreated,althoughfallshavebeenlimitedbecauseoftheweaknessoftheAustraliandollaragainstitsAmericancounterpart.(5)TheAsianeconomyhaspresentedapositivetrend.Somecountrieshaveovercometheimpactofthefinancialcrisisandreviveddevelopment.Asiahasonceagainbecomethespotlightofglobaleconomicgrowth.(6)China’saccessiontotheWTOcanpromotenotonlythedevelopmentofChineseeconomy,butalsothatoftheworldeconomyandwillinjectnewimpetusintotheprogressofAsianeconomyandworldeconomy.(7)Thegrowingquantityofinformation,couplewiththedevelopmentoftechnologies,erablethestorageanddeliveryofmoreinformationwithgreaterspeedtomorelocationsthanhaseverbeenpossiblebefore.(8)Thefutureissomethingwhicheveryonereachesattherateofsixtyminutesanhour,whateverhedoes,whoeverheis.2)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.It’sactuallyprettynatural,andalmostunavoidable,formanagerstoformexpectationsoftheirworkers.Researchhasfoundthatinanorganization,ourexpectationsofotherscanbetieddirectlytoproductivity,profitability,andyes－motivation!Ifyouhavehighexpectationsofyouremployees,youwillpossessapowerfulandeffectivetoolforimprovingperformanceandmotivationwithinyourorganization.Performanceisoftenamatterofexpectations.Managersandsupervisorsformexpectationsofothers,whichtheninfluencehowtheyinteractwiththosepeople.Ifyoudon’texpectmuchfromyouremployees,theywillsensethatandperformpoorly.Why

Becauseyourexpectationsofthemaffecttheirdesiretodowell.Thepointisthatpeoplenaturallytrytoliveuptoourexpectationsofthem,orlivedowntothem,whateverthecasemaybe.Soexpectthebestfromyouremployeesanddon’tbesurprisedifthat’sexactlywhatyouget!b.EnglishtoChinese1)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.哪些做法才能區(qū)分以人為本的公司呢？我們至少可以列出四條：第一，它們重視文化的多樣性。他們根據(jù)年齡、性別和種族積極尋求一支多元化的員工隊(duì)伍。第二，它們具有家庭氛圍。公司通過為其員工提供靈活的工作時(shí)間以及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)托兒服務(wù)設(shè)施等幫助員工平衡工作和個(gè)人職責(zé)之間的關(guān)系。第三，它們對(duì)員工培訓(xùn)進(jìn)行投資。這些公司花費(fèi)巨資以確保員工的技能水平始終保持最新狀態(tài)。這不僅確保員工可以處理該公司的最新技術(shù)和工藝，而且還使這樣的員工極具市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。第四，以人為本的公司將權(quán)力下放給員工。它們將權(quán)力和義務(wù)下放到公司的最底層。2)ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.(1)首先,如果你把他們安排在那些既能夠體現(xiàn)他們自身價(jià)值同時(shí)又對(duì)公司發(fā)展有利的崗位上,他們將會(huì)更加愿意展現(xiàn)出自己最棒的一面。(2)如果你想激勵(lì)員工讓他們盡最大努力完成自己的工作,如果你想讓他們成為公司最有價(jià)值的資產(chǎn),那就讓他們有公司的主人的感覺吧。(3)你作為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)應(yīng)該知道員工積極性與其工作表現(xiàn)之間有直接的聯(lián)系。事實(shí)上,這種聯(lián)系取決于你公司的文化以及公司文化灌輸給員工的熱情。(4)員工能提出越多關(guān)于自己工作的想法,也越有可能接受你的看法。(5)只有當(dāng)員工像老板進(jìn)行投資那樣決定投入自己的能力和精力的時(shí)候,他們才是真的“認(rèn)同”,因此請(qǐng)給員工參與制定績(jī)效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的機(jī)會(huì)。TextBDesigningCitiesforPeopleKeytotheExercisesa.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.(1)endupwith(2)overwhelming(3)espouse(4)unprecedented(5)beidenticalto(6)revive(7)deprivedof(8)deemed(9)relyon(10)biasb.Completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthetext.(1)theratioofparkstoparkinglots(2)150millionpeople;2.8billionpeople;morethanhalfofusarelivingincities(3)whatcouldbedoneforwhodidnotowncars(4)theyaretheonlyplaceswherepeoplemeetasequals(5)analternativetransportationsystem;inexpensiveandcommuterfriendly(6)“biophiliahypothesis”;deprivedofcontactwithnature;ameasurabledeclineinwellbeing(7)budgetallocationsfortransportation;heavilybiasedtoward;highwaysandstreets;shiftingresourcesfromroadsandhighways;urbantransitandbicyclesupportfacilities(8)concentratefiscalresources;thesmallfractionoftheirpeoplewhoowncars(9)functionalandaffordable;makingthemattractive,evenculturalcenters(10)redesigncommunities;thecenterpieceofurbantransport;pedestrianandbicyclefriendlyc.DecidewhetherthestatementisTRUEorFALSEaccordingtothetext.(1)F(2)T(3)F(4)F(5)T(6)F(7)T(8)F(9)F(10)FUnit2HigherEducation1.Readingcomprehensiona.Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthestatementfromthetext.(1)B(2)A(3)C(4)A(5)Bb.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationyou’velearnedinthetext.(1)graduatestudentsspendmuchlongertimegettingadegree;it’shardforthemtolookforatenuretrackteachingjobatacollegeoruniversity(2)apresidentoftheCouncilofGraduateSchools;thesystemoffinancinginAmerica(3)thatgraduateprogramshaveaddedmorestrictrequirements;thatexpectationsforwhatadegreeholderissupposedtohaveaccomplishedhaveradicallyincreased(4)improvethequalityofeducation;increasethedemandformoretenuredfacultymembersovertime(5)graduateschoolssocializestudentsintobelievingtheycan’tleaveacademeorshouldn’t2.Vocabularya.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthewordsorphrasesyouhavelearnedinthetext.(1)recipient(2)apprenticeships(3)dissertation(4)tenure(5)adjunct(6)mentor(7)perpetuate(8)unattainable(9)taint(10)shrunkb.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.(1)B(2)C(3)A(4)C(5)C(6)B(7)D(8)A(9)B(10)A3.ClozeChooseanappropriatewordfromthefollowinglisttofillineachofthefollowingblanks.EachwordcanbeusedonlyONCE.Changetheformwherenecessary.(1)limited(2)program(3)in(4)receiving(5)found(6)but(7)between(8)closed(9)While(10)practice(11)grind(12)often(13)among(14)which(15)opportunities(16)enrollment(17)who(18)turn(19)other(20)like4.Translationa.ChinesetoEnglish1)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(1)Risingoilpricesaretypicallynegativeforcorporateprofitssincetheyboostexpensesandeatintoconsumers’discretionaryincome.(2)Anditfollowsfromthis,Hobbesbelieves,thatthesovereignhastherighttodecidewhatopinions,whatbooks,whatideasareconducivetopeaceandwhichonesaimsimplytostirupwaranddiscontent?

(3)ResearchersinGermanysaythatacancerfightingsubstancefoundinhopscouldbeenhancedtobrewaspecialanticancerbeer.(4)Afabledbird,identifiedwiththekingfisher,wassupposedtohavethepowertocalmthewindandthewaveswhileitnestedontheseaduringthewintersolstice.(5)Bicyclistsoftenrideasthoughtwowheeledvehiclesareexemptfromalltrafficlaws.(6)Theinstructorshouldnotrebukethegirlstudentforhersmallmistakeinfrontofallclassmates.Giventhatsheisinexperienced,shehasdoneagoodjob.(7)Fromabroaderperspective,higherattritionratewouldaffectthedevelopmentoftheindustryasawhole.Sothenecessityistoshortentheapprenticeship.(8)IhavetolevelwithyoubecauseIdon’twantanymisunderstandingbetweenus,sohowcanyoujustifyspendingsomuchmoney?2)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.Theerror—theheresy—istothinkthattheentirepurposeofeducationistogetyouabetterjob:thattheentirefunctionofanindividuallifeistomakeasmuchmoneyaspossible.Noonesaidtome,readFinnegansWakeandyou’llmakeabloodyfortune;that’sthewholepointofreadingthedamnthing.It’saterribleshame,andIfeelhorriblysadforthepeoplewhomustgothroughitall,carryingtheburdenofeconomicexpectationratherthenthespiritofexplorationandadventure.Wewerealltoobusytryingtosussoutthemeaningoflifetobesidetrackedbysuchsideissuesascareers,untilthetimecametomeetrealityheadon.Thathasn’tstoppedanumberofolduniversityfriendsfrombeingconspicuouslysuccessful.Therefore,thepurposeofeducationissupposedtomakeyourich,notwealthy.b.EnglishtoChinese1)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.比如,英語(yǔ)文學(xué)專業(yè)一年級(jí)和二年級(jí)博士生可能不會(huì)面對(duì)像他們的醫(yī)學(xué)和法律學(xué)院的同伴那樣令人頭疼的課程負(fù)擔(dān)或者以不正當(dāng)手段進(jìn)行的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),但是以后有更持久而艱苦的工作等待著他們。博士生不僅被要求掌握一系列廣泛的知識(shí),而且要在本研究領(lǐng)域撰寫一本幾乎像書一樣厚的學(xué)位論文,依據(jù)學(xué)科的不同,有的可能最終被擱置一旁,就像埃普索瀉鹽的商標(biāo)被貼在藥箱的后面一樣泰然自若。這些學(xué)生必須通過拼湊各種補(bǔ)助金和工錢來(lái)獲得他們的生活費(fèi)用,這些工錢是他們幫助教授本科生的課程所賺取的,但也占用了他們的研究時(shí)間。三年級(jí)的醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)學(xué)生因?yàn)樵卺t(yī)院的輪流值班而累得兩眼模糊,但干這種工作至少是在為取得學(xué)位而努力。2)ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.(1)如今,越來(lái)越多的高等教育機(jī)構(gòu)開設(shè)的專業(yè)課程,看上去就像通向誘人工作的捷徑:你可以研究體育或是新聞學(xué),或是電視,或是流行音樂,甚至?xí)r尚,上帝啊。(2)今天的“可持續(xù)性教育”則并不僅限于在本地進(jìn)行,還拓展到了全世界——它是一個(gè)由各種合作性項(xiàng)目組成的網(wǎng)絡(luò),這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)超越政治界限,讓兒童和成年人都參與進(jìn)來(lái),使人們的需求與環(huán)境相協(xié)調(diào)。(3)美國(guó)教育的崛起在很大程度上指的是公共教育的興盛——而過去30年里,有一種觀點(diǎn)始終在美國(guó)的政治舞臺(tái)上唱主角,那就是政府的所有開支都是在浪費(fèi)納稅人的錢。(4)最近我對(duì)于教育的目的進(jìn)行了相當(dāng)多的思考,因?yàn)檫@周五我的母校布里斯托爾大學(xué)將授予我“名譽(yù)文學(xué)博士”學(xué)位,對(duì)此,我的朋友們,特別是在大學(xué)期間就認(rèn)識(shí)我的朋友們感到既驚訝,又好笑。(5)即便沒有當(dāng)前這場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的影響,單就美國(guó)難以把那些經(jīng)濟(jì)拮據(jù)的學(xué)生留在學(xué)校而言,人們也完全有理由預(yù)見,美國(guó)在這類排名中會(huì)進(jìn)一步下滑。TextBBritain’sUniversities:FundingExcellencea.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.(1)launch(2)chipin(3)jostling(4)rival(5)inaugurated(6)levy(7)endowed(8)boasts(9)amountto(10)derivedb.Completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthetext.(1)atleast$2.5billion(2)fundraising(3)institutionsacrosstheEuropeanUnion(4)sixtimesmoreprivateinvestment(5)modest;roughly$6,000perstudent(6)findingformerstudents;theincrease(7)overseasresearchuniversities;top50universities(8)professionsoutsideacademia(9)acompany;acorporateboardc.DecidewhetherthestatementisTRUEorFALSEaccordingtothetext.(1)F(2)F(3)F(4)T(5)F(6)F(7)F(8)T(9)F(10)FUnit3CyberspaceNetwork1.ReadingComprehensiona.Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthestatementfromthetext.(1)A(2)C(3)B(4)C(5)Ab.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationyou’velearnedinthetext.(1)infrastructure,includingairtraffic,financialmarketsandevenbasicemail;incompetent,indecisiveandconfused(2)iftheworld’smostinnovativetechnologycompanycannotprotectitscomputersfromdegitalaggressions,wecannotexpecttobeprotectedbythegovernment(3)theyhaveresponsibilitytopovidesomehardevidencetosupporttheirclaims(4)spamming,scammingandidentityfraud,whicharetheinevitablecastsofdemocratizingaccesstomultipurposetechnologies(5)notaquestionofnationalsecuritybutaquestionofbasicgovernmentincompetence2.Vocabularya.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthewordsorphrasesyouhavelearnedinthetext.(1)derail(2)hype(3)spamming(4)nascent(5)simulate(6)parlance(7)weaponry(8)unplug(9)hostage(10)civiliansb.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.(1)D(2)B(3)A(4)C(5)C(6)B(7)A(8)C(9)D(10)A3.ClozeChooseanappropriatewordfromthefollowinglisttofillineachofthefollowingblanks.EachwordcanbeusedonlyONCE.Changetheformwherenecessary.(1)attack(2)disruption(3)described(4)assaults(5)traced(6)authorized(7)identified(8)sophistication(9)rogue(10)intrusion(11)demonstrate(12)issue(13)ultimate(14)eventual(15)launch(16)offensive(17)analysis(18)security(19)investigation(20)shined4.Translationa.ChinesetoEnglish1)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(1)Gainingrealknowledgerequirestakingrisksandkeepingthemindopen—butmostpeopleprefertobereassuredratherthantolearnthecomplexandoftenunsettlingtruthaboutanything.(2)Thesoldiersweresocourageousthattheysworntowipeoutanyenemythatdaretoinvadeintotheircountry.(3)They’resolackinginconfidenceintheattractionofbroadcastingthegamesonTVthattheyfeeltheyhavetohypeupwithsomehystericalcommentatorinordertogetanyonetowatchthem.(4)What’sworse,therearethosewhowouldunleashmaliciousnetworkattacksdesignedtoexploitthesehiddenvulnerabilitiestouncovertheprizeddatawithin.(5)Thechangeofthegovernment’sinterferencestrategiesonhousingusheredinaperiodofstablehouseprices.(6)Thisshowstrueleadership,sustainedvision,andsolidcommitment.Theywereapplaudedforstickingwithitforsomanyyearswithgreatsubtlety.(7)Howtosingleoutthemostsuccinctwaytofinishtheworkstillremainsaproblem.(8)ButDefenseSecretaryGatessaidtheUnitedStateshasputalotonthetableintermsofmissiledefenseproposalsanditistimefortheRussianstoreciprocate.2)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.Accordingtosomemediareportsrecently,thecyberattackstoGoogleandmanyAmericancompaniesseemedtohaveoriginatedinChina.TheChairmanofChineseInternetAssociationrefutesthatitwasanirresponsibleprejudicetoallegeonthatcyberattacksoriginatedinChinawithoutthoroughinvestigation,andwasthereforeabsolutelyarbitrary.Withtherapiddevelopmentoninternetintheglobe,itwasdifficulttodeterminetheoriginbecauseoftheeaseofhidingidentitiesonline.Thehackermayhideidentities,logonthecomputerofaforeigncountryandcommitcyberattackstothecomputersinthethirdone.However,China’sinformationnetwork,aswellasmanyothercountries,alsofacesseverethreatofcyberattacks.Chinesegovernmenthasalwaysattachedgreatimportancetothesecurityofthecomputernetworkandstrengthenedinternationalcooperationtocrackdownoncrossbordercybercrimes,aswellasenhanceditscrackdownthroughconsultationandcollaborationwiththeInternationalCriminalPoliceOrganization.Therefore,itiswhollynonsensetoallegeonthatcyberattacksoriginatedinChinajudgingmerelyfromcomputerIPaddressofChina.b.EnglishtoChinese1)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.為什么這些在軍事領(lǐng)域里被認(rèn)為是“計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊”的策略沒有被更廣泛地運(yùn)用？盡管互聯(lián)網(wǎng)帶來(lái)了巨大的變化,但它并沒有使悠久的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)規(guī)律變得過時(shí)或毫不相關(guān)。比如,按照軍事慣例要求在攻擊時(shí)區(qū)分平民和軍事目標(biāo)。在既相互分離又相互連接的網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間里,這個(gè)要求并不容易滿足:在網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊敵人的手機(jī)塔時(shí),也會(huì)影響到平民目標(biāo)。在2008年美軍決定解散一個(gè)沙特阿拉伯的網(wǎng)絡(luò)論壇。這個(gè)由CIA創(chuàng)立的論壇本來(lái)是用來(lái)收集情報(bào)的,但是卻越來(lái)越被圣戰(zhàn)分子用來(lái)計(jì)劃對(duì)伊拉克的攻擊。這次解散不經(jīng)意間造成了在沙特阿拉伯、德國(guó)、德克薩斯州的300多臺(tái)服務(wù)器的中斷。網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊當(dāng)然不具備外科手術(shù)的精確性,且對(duì)平民的傷害很難避免。軍事指揮官們不想因戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)罪受到審判，即使這些犯罪是通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行的。2)ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.(1)根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)有關(guān)網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能的民意調(diào)查顯示,46%的受訪者將因特網(wǎng)描述為朋友,43%的人則把它看成是敵人,還有11%的人心里不清楚。(2)網(wǎng)絡(luò)能通過減少填寫和更新應(yīng)聘者資料的時(shí)間和成本來(lái)提高招聘效率,提升評(píng)估的有效性,以此來(lái)增強(qiáng)搜索公司提供給客戶的建議的價(jià)值。(3)設(shè)想他們電腦的桌面上有一個(gè)圖標(biāo),能夠讓他們提醒你一些任務(wù),并且可以用鼠標(biāo)將具體細(xì)節(jié)發(fā)送給你,這對(duì)客戶來(lái)說(shuō)將會(huì)是多么方便的事?。?4)也就是說(shuō),一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)良好的網(wǎng)絡(luò)招聘程序能用網(wǎng)絡(luò)來(lái)處理數(shù)據(jù),每日不知疲倦地工作并且能跨越地理障礙,因此用人單位可以辨識(shí)候選人之間的細(xì)微差別,評(píng)估他們的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),并且抓住機(jī)會(huì)推銷他們。(5)這些新聘用的人員很快就被送到高價(jià)的培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目中去學(xué)習(xí)在線獲取應(yīng)聘者資料的技術(shù)——遠(yuǎn)端網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)挖掘工具——然后馬上就能投入到工作之中去。TextBWorldwideMusha.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.(1)aggregate(2)tyrannically(3)surgical(4)algorithms(5)benevolentness(6)impede(7)cede(8)appalling(9)fallacy(10)lucrativeb.Completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthetext.(1)insteadofsitting;makingthosecontributionsunpaid(2)developuniqueapproaches;aglobalmush(3)thebigventurecapitalfirms;asinglecollectiveoperation(4)dollopofonlinerecognition;lesscerebralwork(5)benefitfromintellectualproperty;informationcanroamaround(6)acctuallymakealiving;apeasanteveryday(7)goaway;becomemuchlesswellpaid(8)lessinclinedto;notthoughtof(9)ofextendingtheexperience;anattempt(10)asindividuals;theyandtheirchildrenc.DecidewhetherthestatementisTRUEorFALSEaccordingtothetext.(1)F(2)T(3)F(4)T(5)T(6)T(7)F(8)F(9)T(10)TUnit4LoveandMarriage1.ReadingComprehensiona.Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthestatementfromthetext.(1)A(2)B(3)C(4)C(5)Ab.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationyou’velearnedinthetext.(1)thosetraditionallyuniqueadvantagesofmarriage,suchasraisingchildrenandenhancingone’sstatusandfinancialsituation(2)thatmarriageisdead,butthatagrowingnumberofadultsarespendingmoreoftheirlivessingleorlivingunmarriedwithpartners(3)getoutofmarriage(oranytypeofromanticrelationship)andtogetintoanewmaritalrelationship(oranyothertypeofromanticrelationship)(4)althoughtheattitudestowardmarriagearelargelydominatedbyacountry’sculturalandreligiousbeliefs,thewishforastable,longtermrelationshipisstilladesiredgoal(5)acceptthepossibilityofhavingshortermarriages,inwhichloveismorelikelytoremainalive;acceptthatmarriageshouldessentiallyinvolveacompanionableloveratherthanaromanticone2.Vocabularya.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthewordsorphrasesyouhavelearnedinthetext.(1)encapsulate(2)proclaim(3)companionable(4)respectability(5)intrinsically(6)justification(7)contractual(8)exclusivity(9)gratifying(10)flexibilityb.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.(1)A(2)C(3)D(4)B(5)A(6)B(7)C(8)A(9)C(10)B3.ClozeChooseanappropriatewordfromthefollowinglisttofillineachofthefollowingblanks.EachwordcanbeusedonlyONCE.Changetheformwherenecessary.(1)equation(2)temporarily(3)how(4)back(5)version(6)or(7)problem(8)trap(9)into(10)presents(11)romantic(12)insane(13)letdown(14)what(15)last(16)though(17)marketed(18)wooed(19)caring(20)and4.Translationa.ChinesetoEnglish1)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(1)Potentialinvestorsexploringmorepromisingareas,suchaslowcarbonenergyandinfrastructure,arestymiedbecauseofthelackofaclearpolicyframework.(2)Fortunately,mostmanagerswelcomesuchinitiative,andtheyareincreasinglywillingtogivetheiremployeesmoreresponsibility,autonomy,andauthorityintheirjobs.(3)Weareofferingapackagedealwhichincludesthewholeofficecomputersystem,stafftrainingandhardwaremaintenance.(4)Althoughthissocalledcontinuousspeechrecognitionapproachhasindeedimprovedaccuracy,itisbynomeansinfallible.(5)Thisisaconcreteillustrationofwhatwemeanbyoneandthesamethinghavingtwocontradictoryaspects.(6)Actualdemandinaparticularyear,inparticularintheprivatesector,dependsontheeconomicfactorsandthecommercialdecisionsofdevelopersandconsumers.(7)Ifyoueverneedabloodtransfusion,it’simportantthatyouonlyreceivebloodcompatiblewithyourowntype.(8)Therefore,theEuropeanizationofChinesedoesnotstemfromaninternalforce,butratheroriginatesfromanexternalpressure.2)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.Mostofus,whenyoung,hadtheexperienceofasweetheartbeingtakenfromusbysomebodymoreattractiveandmoreappealing.Atthetime,wemayhaveresentedthisintruder—butaswegrewolder,werecognizedthatthesweethearthadneverbeenourstobeginwith.Itwasnottheintruderthat“caused”thebreak,butthelackofarealrelationship.Onthesurface,manymarriagesseemtobreakupbecauseofa“thirdparty”.Thisis,however,apsychologicalillusion.Theotherwomanortheothermanmerelyservesasapretextfordissolvingamarriagethathadalreadylostitsessentialintegrity.Buttherejectedloverormatecannotaffordtobelievethathisbelovedhasfreelyturnedawayfromhim—andsoheascribessinisterormagicalpropertiestotheinterloper.Hecallshimahypnotistorathieforahomebreaker.Inthevastmajorityofcases,however,whenahomeisbroken,thebreakinghasbegunlongbeforeany“thirdparty”hasappearedonthescene.b.EnglishtoChinese1)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.現(xiàn)代社會(huì),大多數(shù)由于解除婚姻關(guān)系所受的懲罰已經(jīng)取消,而婚姻關(guān)系提供的許多鼓勵(lì)措施也能在其他的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)中獲得。因此,選擇保持婚姻關(guān)系更多的是因?yàn)閻鄣木壒?而不是傳統(tǒng)婚姻的一些獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì),如撫養(yǎng)孩子,提高身份地位和改善經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。如果一個(gè)人覺得她目前的婚姻狀態(tài)阻止她感受真摯的愛情,(從她的個(gè)人發(fā)展和滿意度來(lái)看)她就沒有太多的動(dòng)力繼續(xù)維持婚姻關(guān)系。事實(shí)上,現(xiàn)在許多離婚案件以缺乏愛情作為終止婚姻的理由,這表明愛情在當(dāng)代婚姻中具有非同尋常的重要性。2)ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.(1)就生于不同國(guó)家、結(jié)合于第三國(guó)、目前在別國(guó)工作且子女、養(yǎng)老金和其他資產(chǎn)又散布于世界各地的跨國(guó)夫婦來(lái)說(shuō),他們的離婚大戰(zhàn)在律師看來(lái)是福音,在其他人看來(lái)卻是夢(mèng)魘。(2)法國(guó)規(guī)定經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力較弱的一方(通常是女方)離婚后必須立即自立;英格蘭和美國(guó)一些州則要求終生贍養(yǎng)。有的國(guó)家僅要求對(duì)“婚后財(cái)產(chǎn)”(即婚后創(chuàng)建的資產(chǎn))進(jìn)行分割,有的卻要分割所有財(cái)產(chǎn)。(3)英國(guó)法院正逐步采用這樣一個(gè)原則(在美國(guó)一些州已得到確立),即婚后妻子為增強(qiáng)丈夫財(cái)富創(chuàng)造能力所付出的努力必須給予補(bǔ)償,也就是說(shuō)現(xiàn)有資產(chǎn)以及丈夫未來(lái)的收入都必須與妻子分享。(4)第三,一旦離婚迫在眉睫,女方也許想移居英格蘭或者美國(guó)(但應(yīng)避免到佛羅里達(dá)之類“無(wú)贍養(yǎng)費(fèi)”的州);此時(shí),男方宜留在歐洲大陸不動(dòng)。(5)戴安娜王妃的弟弟厄爾·斯賓塞同其第一任妻子離婚時(shí),是在他們當(dāng)時(shí)的居住地南非提起離婚訴訟的,這著實(shí)讓他的妻子吃驚不小。因?yàn)槿绻旁谒麄冊(cè)ň舆^的英格蘭,她也許就能得到更好的待遇。TextBIDon’t—TheCaseagainstMarriageKeytotheExercisesa.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.(1)rote(2)feminist(3)staggering(4)consumerism(5)sanctity(6)caveat(7)subsidy(8)throes(9)debunk(10)fractionb.Completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthetext.(1)riteof;aninstitution(2)thedivorceratepeaked;madesingledomchic(3)theirspouse(4)hasrisen(5)unmarriedtaxpayers;arealtaxbreak(6)samesexcouples;unmarriedmonogamists(7)lesscompetent,lessambitious;lesslikelytobehired(8)abusinesspartner;love;chores(9)financialindependence(10)lessrealistic;naive,almostarrogantc.DecidewhetherthestatementisTRUEorFALSEaccordingtothetext.(1)T(2)T(3)F(4)F(5)T(6)T(7)T(8)F(9)F(10)TUnit5MedicineandIllness1.ReadingComprehensiona.Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthestatementfromthetext.(1)B(2)C(3)A(4)A(5)Bb.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationyou’velearnedinthetext.(1)schoolswereshutdown;thegovernmentbannedpublicgatherings;travelersfromaffectedregionswhoshowedsignsoffluwerequarantined(2)theyoung,thehealthyandthepregnant(3)notinpeoplebutinanimals;thosewhoareinclosecontactwithanimals(4)handwashing,sanitationanddistancingmeasureslikekeepingsickpeopleathome(5)communicatebetterwhattheyknowaboutanoutbreakandwhattheydon’tknowaboutit2.Vocabularya.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthewordsorphrasesyouhavelearnedinthetext.(1)stranded(2)hindsight(3)vaccine(4)intertwined(5)transparency(6)grapplewith(7)catchoffguard(8)givemoreweightto(9)piledup(10)stampoutb.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.(1)B(2)D(3)A(4)C(5)B(6)A(7)D(8)B(9)C(10)A3.ClozeChooseanappropriatewordfromthefollowinglisttofillineachofthefollowingblanks.EachwordcanbeusedonlyONCE.Changetheformwherenecessary.(1)ratherthan(2)alone(3)concluded(4)timing(5)varies(6)compared(7)reveal(8)connected(9)triggering(10)attributed(11)majority(12)counted(13)risk(14)immunity(15)likely(16)previous(17)adolescents(18)effectively(19)severe(20)dependent4.Translationa.ChinesetoEnglish1)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(1)SomepeopledubChinaas“TheBicycleKingdom”.Yetinthepast,youcouldhardlyseeanyonefromthiskingdomintheinternationalcyclingevents.(2)TheWHOsaysanyoneexposedtothebirdflushouldbequarantinedtoavoidcontactwithsufferersofregularhumaninfluenza.(3)Thegreat“Spanishflu”pandemicof1918~1919wasconsideredtheworstplagueinhistory,killingupto40millionpeoplewithhalfoftheworld’spopulationinfectedinonlyafewmonths.(4)Thetimefortalkisover.Thetimeforactionisnow.Becauseweknowthatifwedon’tact,abadsituationwillbecomedramaticallyworse.Crisiscouldturnintocatastropheforfamiliesandbusinessesacrossourcountry.(5)Calledplantfactories,theseanonymouslookingwarehouseshavesprungupacrossthewholeworldandcanchurnoutimmaculatelookinglettucesandgreenleaves24hoursaday,sevendaysaweek.(6)Ithink,learningEnglishcanboildowntothreesimpleingredients:persistence,properwaysandgoodteachers.(7)Usually,whenweputtheblameonothers,wewouldbeblindofourownmistakes.Andifwedon’tacknowledgeorlearnfromourownmistakes,chancesarehighthatwearegoingtorepeatthem.(8)Todefuseyouranger,tryasimplestressmanagementtechnique.Takeacoupleofbreathsandthinkofsomethingthatgivesyoupleasure:abeautifulsceneinnature,someoneyoulove.2)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.Eveninrichcountries,itwillbemonthsbeforeeveryonewhowantsthevaccinecangetit.Poorcountrieswillgetlittleifanyvaccine.Thepandemicvaccineshouldmakeyouandyourfamilysafefromthisvirus,butyoumaynotgetitformonths,ifyoucangetitatall.Somecountries,includingtheUSandtheUK,haveorderedenoughtovaccinateeveryoneandimmunizationbeganthismonth.Mostpoorcountrieswillgetonlyalittle,ornone.Inrichcountriesmanywillstillgetsick,andsomewilldie,beforetheycanbevaccinated.Andyetevenpeoplewhocangetitarehesitating.NearlyhalftheparentsintheUSsaytheywillrefusetovaccinatetheirkids,eventhoughchildrenareaprioritygroupforvaccination,duetounfoundedrumorsabouttherisksofthevariousswinefluvaccines.b.EnglishtoChinese1)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.在甲流疫情剛開始的時(shí)候,衛(wèi)生官員們就已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)該病毒很容易傳染。感染甲流的病例不斷地增加,僅僅幾個(gè)星期,甲流病毒就已經(jīng)遍布世界的各個(gè)角落。但是當(dāng)研究員們了解甲流是一種新型流感病毒時(shí),當(dāng)他們得知人類對(duì)其還沒有免疫力時(shí),當(dāng)他們發(fā)現(xiàn)其傳染速度很快時(shí),他們并不能馬上估量其是否具有致命性。過去的有些流行病是比較溫和的,然而像導(dǎo)致全世界1億人喪生的1918年流感之類的流感卻是例外。畢竟在剛開始,沒有任何方法可以去證明甲流病毒會(huì)是怎樣的一種病毒