上海高考英語非謂語專題和翻譯常見所有句式總結(jié)

課題咼二英語授課時間教學目標非謂語(G&V)&翻譯常見句式重點、難點非謂語用法區(qū)分；翻譯常見句式匯總及翻譯技巧考點及考試要求教學內(nèi)容非謂語動詞課前錯題回顧：G&VAboutaquarterofpeoplesleepontheirbackswitharms(stretch)outinfront,lookingasiftheywereeitherchasingadreamor(chase).Bentstripes,(call)chevrons(人字形)，(paint)ontheroads(make)driversthinkthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyare.非謂語動詞清單一分詞、不定式作賓補用法要點一、分詞、不定式作賓語補足語的區(qū)別1.感官動詞see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,notice等和使役動詞have后面的賓補有二種形式，即原形動詞(不帶to的不定式)、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞表主動或正在進行，過去分詞表被動或完成，動詞原形表主動和完成。如：IheardhersinganEnglishsongjustnow.剛才我聽見她唱了一首英文歌。IheardhersingingandEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.昨天經(jīng)過她房間時，我聽見她在唱英文歌。IheardtheEnglishsongsungmanytimes.我多次聽到有人唱這首英文歌。注意：不及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補表完成和狀態(tài)。如：Ilookeddownatmyneckandfoundmynecklacegone.（狀態(tài)）（完成）Iwassurprisedtofindmyhometownchangedsomuch.（完成）2.leave后接三種形式作賓補時，其中的leave保留了原來之義“留下”，但表達的確切之義應是“使……處于某種狀態(tài)）。leavesb.doingsth.讓某人一直做某事（賓語和賓補之間是主謂關系，表示動作正在進行。）leavesth.undone留下某事未做（賓語和賓補之間是動賓關系，表示被動和完成，一般以undone,unfinished,unsettled,untouched為多）leavesb.todosth.留下某人做某事leavesth.tobedone留下某事要做（不定式表示將來的動作。）女如It'swrongofyoutoleavethemachinerunning.你讓機器一直開著是不對的。（主動，正在進行）Theguestsleftmostofthedishesuntouched,becausetheydidn'ttastedelicious.客人們沒有動大部分菜，因為它們嘗起來不可口。（被動，完成）Heleft,leavingmetodoalltherestwork.他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。（主動，將來）Wehurriedlyendedourmeeting,leavingmanyproblemstobesettled.我們匆匆忙忙導結(jié)束了會議，留下了很多問題等待解決。（被動，將來）3.have,get后接三種形式作賓補時，其中heave,get表示“使、讓、叫”之意。havesth.done=getsth.done“使/讓某事由別人去做”（叫/讓某人做某事）。如I'llhave/getmybikerepairedtomorrow.此外，havesth.done還表示“使遭受”之意。如Tomhadhislegbrokenwhileplayingfootball.Mr.Smithhadhishousebrokenintowhilehewasawayonholiday.havesb./sth.doing使/讓某人/物持續(xù)地做某事（現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，正在進行）getsb./sth.doing使某人/物開始行動起來女如Thepeasantshadthetractorworkingdayandnightattheharvesttime.農(nóng)忙時，農(nóng)民們讓拖拉機夜以繼日地干活。Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefrontafterashortrest.

休息了片刻之后，上尉讓士兵們開始朝前線行進起來。注意:“havesb.doing”若用于否定句中，其中have有“容忍”之意。如:注意:Iwon'thaveyouspeakingtoyourparentslikethat.我不會讓你那樣子跟你的父母說話。Don'thavethewaterrunningallthetime.不要讓水流個不停。havesb.dosth.(getsb.todosth.)使/讓/叫某人去做某事女如Motherhadmegototheshopandbuysomesalt.Ican'tgethimtostopsmoking.Hewon'tlistentome.二、下列動詞后跟帶to的不定式作補語：advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,invite,like,love,order,persuade,prefer,require,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,think,waitfor,callon,dependon等。如：Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenorderedtoissueclearwarningbeforefiringanyshots.Theteacheraskedusnottomakesomuchnoise.Thefluisbelievedtobecausedbyvirusesthatliketorrjpduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseancthroat.三、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補小竅門下列動詞后在主動語態(tài)中用不帶to的不定式作補語，但在被動語態(tài)中要加上to：它們是“吾看三室兩廳一感覺”5看(lookat,see,watch,notice,observe)；3使(make,let,have)；2聽(listento,hear)；1感覺(fell)。以上動詞還可用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語(5+3+2+1-2+4):即以上動詞除let,make外都可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語，此外find,catch,keep,lave也可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語。如：Atthattime,Ifoundhimcryinginthestreet.Hewascaughtstealing.I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsuchalongtime.Themissingboyswerelastseenplayingneartheriver.清單二不定式、分詞作定語用法要點1.一、不定式作定語1.作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等，不定式后面須有相應的介詞。如:TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.Hereissomepaperforyoutowriteon.但是，不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time,place或way時，不定式后面的介詞習慣上省去。如：Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive（in）.Wefoundawaytosolvethisproblem（in）.2?當作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的承受者時，不定式既可以用主動語態(tài)，也可用被動語態(tài)，但其含義有所不同。試比較：Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么東西要寄嗎？（不定式tosend的動作執(zhí)行者是“你”）Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？（不定式tobesent的動作執(zhí)行者是“我”或“別人”）3?用不定式作定語的幾種情況：不定式表將來：Iborrowedsomebookstoreadduringmyholiday.用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或no,all,any等限定的中心詞。如：Hewasthebestmantodothejob.ShewasthefirstwomantosinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.Womenandchildrenwerethefirsttogetintothelifeboats.用來修飾的詞是抽象名詞時，常見的有：ability,chance,idea,fact,excuse,promise,answer,reply,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,time等。如：DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteEnglish?Ihavetochancetogosight-seeing.二、分詞作定語1?作定語的及物動詞分詞形式為：V-ing;being+過去分詞；過去分刻畫。當被修飾的名詞與分詞為主動關系時，用V-ing；當被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動關系且表正在進行時，用being+過去分詞；當被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動關系且表完成時，用過去分詞。例如：Thehousesbeingbuiltarefortheteachers.ThebrokenglassisTom's.

Ihaveneverseenamoremovingmovie.2?作定語的不及物動詞分詞形式為：V-ing和過去分詞。V-ing表示正在進行；過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成。如:fallingleaves正落的葉子fallingleaves正落的葉子fallenleaves落下的葉子boilingwater正沸騰的水boilingwater正沸騰的水boiledwater沸騰過的水（白開水）三、不定式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞被動式作定語的區(qū)別這三種形式作定語，主要是體現(xiàn)在動作的發(fā)生時間上。過去分詞表示的動作或是在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，或是沒有一定的時間性。如:HaveyoureadthenovelwrittenbyDickens?Heismanlovedandrespectedbyall.Don'tusewords,expressions,orphrasesknownonlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式作定語時表示的動作正在發(fā)生或是與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生。如：Listen!Thesongbeingsungisverypopularwiththestudents.不定式的被動式作定語時，表示一個未來的動作。如：Thequestiontobediscussedatthetomorrow'smeetingisaveryimportantone.清單三不定式、動名詞作賓語用法要點一、下面動詞只能用不定式作賓語，請牢記下列小詩：決心學會想希望，拒絕設法愿假裝。主動答應選計劃，同意請求幫一幫。Decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,help此外，afford,strive等也要用不定式作賓語。例如：ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.Weagreedtomeetherebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystatenuncompaniesarestrivingtomaketheirproductsmorecompetitive.二、下列動詞只能用動名詞作賓語，請牢記下列小詩：考慮建議盼原諒，承認推遲沒得想。避免錯過繼續(xù)練，否認完成停欣賞，不禁介意準逃亡。consider/suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse,pardon,admit,delay/putoff,fancy,avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practise,deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate,can'thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape,imagine,forbid,risk

此夕卜beusedto,lookforwardto,leadto,devoteto,stickto,objectto,getdownto,payattentionto,can'tstand(無法忍受)，giveup,feellike,insiston,putoff,thankyoufor,apologizefor,bebusy(in),havedifficulty/trouble(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)等動詞詞組也要用動名詞作賓語。①Thesquirrelswasluckythatifjustmissedbeingcaught.②IcanhardlyimaginePetersailingacrosstheAtlanticOcenainfivedays.thisafternoon.③Iwouldappreciateyourcallingbackthisafternoon.三、下列動詞或詞組既可以跟動名詞作賓語,1.forgettodosth.忘記去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記已經(jīng)做過某事remembertodosth.記住去做某事rememberdoingsth.記得曾經(jīng)做過某事regrettodosth.后悔/三、下列動詞或詞組既可以跟動名詞作賓語,1.forgettodosth.忘記去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記已經(jīng)做過某事remembertodosth.記住去做某事rememberdoingsth.記得曾經(jīng)做過某事regrettodosth.后悔/遺憾去做某事regretdoingsth.后悔做過某事stoptodosth.停下來去做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止做一件事情trytodosth.努力/試圖做某事trydoingsth.嘗試著做某事meandoingsth.意味著做某事meantodosth.意欲/想/meandoingsth.意味著做某事goontodosth.(做完某事)接著做另一件事goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做同一件事(=goonwithsth.)can'thelptodosth.不能幫助做某事can'thelpdoingsth.情不自禁地做某事例如:①Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedtorestonabigrockbythesideofthepath.②一Thelightintheofficeisstillon.can'thelptodosth.不能幫助做某事can'thelpdoingsth.情不自禁地做某事例如:①Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedtorestonabigrockbythesideofthepath.②一Thelightintheofficeisstillon.一Oh,Iforgottoturnitoff.③一Iusuallygotherebytrain.一Whynottrygoingbyboatforachange?一Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.一Well,nowIregrethavingdonethat.2?動詞like,love,prefer后接不定式或動名詞作賓語均可。如表示經(jīng)常性的行為可用動名詞，如表示具體的行為常用動詞不定式。但要注意：如果like,love,prefer前有would/should后面則應接動詞不定式。如:Ilikeswimming,butIdon'tliketoswimthisafternoon.I'dliketogoswimmingthisweekend.3.在動詞allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟動名詞形式作賓語，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，其后用動詞不定式作賓語補足語。即:allow/advise/forbid/permitdoingsth.

allow/advise/forbid/permitsb.todosth.女如:Wedon'tallowsmokinghere.Wedon'tallowstudentstosmoke.4?動詞need,require,want作“需要”解時，其后必須用動名詞的主動形式或不定式的被動形式作賓語，表示事情需要做。這時動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。beworth后必須用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。此外，若動詞need表“需要”，require表“要求”，want表“想要”這些意義時，其后須接名詞或代詞作賓語，然后接不定式作賓語補足語。即：need/require/wantdoing/tobedoneneed/require/wantsb.todosth.beworth+n.（表示錢數(shù)或相當于錢數(shù)的名詞）beworthdoingbeworthyofbeingdonebeworthyof+n.值得beworthytobedone女口：Thewindowneeds/requires/wantscleaning.Thewindowneeds/requires/wantstobecleaned.窗戶需要擦一下。Theplaceisworthvisiting.Theplaceisworthyofavisit.Theplaceisworthyofbeingvisited.Theplaceisworthytobevisited.那個地方值得一去。如：①onlyoneofthesebooksisworthreading.②一Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?一Oh,excellent.It'sworthreadingasecondtime.四、動詞不定式作動詞tell,show,understand,explain,teach,learn,advise,discuss,ask,decide,wonder,findout等詞的賓語時，前面常帶wh-引導詞。即how,what,whether,where,when,who等+todo。但why+不帶to的不定式。注意此用法的不定式的邏輯主語需與主句的主語或賓語保持一致，否則用賓語從句。例如：Heshowedushowtodothework.(=Heshowedushowweshoulddothework.)Idon'tknowwhattodo.(Idon'tknowwhatI'lldo.)Idon'tknowwhattodo.(Idon'tknowwhatI'lldo.)Canyoutellmewhydoit?五、動詞不定式在介詞but,otherthan后面時，如果介詞之前有行為動詞do的某種形式，那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,否則就要帶to。另外在can'tchoosebut,can'thelpbut,can'tbut后面的不定式也要省略to。如：Wecoulddonothingbut/otherthanwait.Wehadnothingtodobut/otherthanwait.Wehavenochoicebuttowait.Ican'tchoosebutlaugh.清單四不定式、分詞作狀語用法要點一、不定式作狀語Hesatdowntohavearest.（表目的）Theywenttheretovisittheirteacher.他們?nèi)ツ抢锇菰L老師。（表目的）Hewokeuponly/justtofindeverybodygone.他醒來發(fā)現(xiàn)大家都走了。（表示結(jié)果）MygrandmotherlivedtoseetheliberationofChina.我祖母活到親眼見到中國解放。（表示結(jié)果）在某些形容詞作表語，表示喜、怒、衷、樂后跟不定式表示原因。如：Iamverygladtoseeyou.我非常高興地見到你。Iamsosorrytohearyourmotheris訂l.聽到你母親生病真遺憾。在帶有enough或too的句子里，也常用不定式作狀語，表示程度。如：Hewastooexcitednottosayafewwords.他太激動了，不會不講幾句話的。Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他到上學年齡了。Sheistootiredtodothejob.她太累而不能做那件工作了。注意：強調(diào)動詞不定式所表示的目的時，動詞不定式可用inorderto（為了）或soasto（以便）+動詞原形。soasto不用于句首。Hegotupearlyinordertocatchthefirstbus.他早起為了趕上第一班車。Thebusstoppedsoastopickuppassengers.汽車停下來以便接納乘客。（表條件）Tolookathim,youwouldlikehim.（表條件）Totellyouthetruth,Ihavegotnomoneyaboutme.Tobehonest,Iknownothingaboutit.(修飾全句，獨立成分)二、分詞作狀語1?分詞作狀語形式的選擇形式意義V+ing(doing)與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關系，與句中謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，或基本上同時發(fā)生。having+V+ed(havingdone)與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關系，先于謂語動詞發(fā)生。V+ed(done)與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關系。being+V+ed(beingdone)與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關系，且與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，一般作原因狀語置于句首。havingbeen+V+ed(havingbeendone)與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關系，且先于謂語動詞發(fā)生。2?分詞作狀語的基本原則分詞作狀語時，分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致。分詞作狀語必須和句中主語含有邏輯上的主謂或動賓關系，否則不能使用分詞作狀語。3?分詞作狀語的句法功能分詞或分詞短語作狀語時，可以表時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。表示時間關系的分詞短語有時可由連詞while或when引出。如：Hearingthenews,theygotexcited.（時間）Becarefulwhile/whencrossingthestreet.（時間）Havingbeenbittenbyasnake,shewasfrightenedatit.（原因）Givenachance,Icansurprisetheworld.（條件）Thecupdroppedtotheground,breakingintopieces.（結(jié)果）Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.（讓步）Theteachercameintothelab,followedbysomestudents.（伴隨狀況）4?獨立成分作狀語有些分詞短語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨立成分。常見的有：Generallyspeaking…一般說來Franklyspeaking…坦白地說Judgingfrom…根據(jù)來判斷Considering…考慮至UTotellyouthetruth…說實話清單五非謂語動詞其它用法一、疑問詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)疑問詞(who,which,when,where,how,what等)+不定式，這個結(jié)構(gòu)在句中起名詞作用，可充當主語、表語、賓語。如：Ididn'tknowwhattodo.(賓語)Whentoholdthemeetingisnotknownyet.(主語)Myquestionwashowtogetsomanybooks.(表語)注意句型：Whynotdosth.?Whydosth.?二、不定式的主動和被動1?不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關系時，不定式往往用主動形式。如：Doyouhaveaknifetocutthewatermelon?(Aknifecutsthewatermelon.)2?不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關系，又和該句主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關系時，不定式常用主動形式。如：Shehasasistertolookafter.(Shelooksafterhersister.)Iknowwhattodo.(Idowhat.)3?不定式作表語形容詞的關語，和句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關系時，不定式多用主動形式，這是因為人們往往認為形容詞后省去了forsb.。如：Thisbookisdifficulttounderstand.Thiskindoffishisnicetoeat.4?在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，當說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時，不定式用主動形式；如果說話人強調(diào)的事情本身必須被完成，則用被動形式。如：Thereisalotofworktodo.(Someonehastodothework.)Thereisalotofworktobedone.(Theworkhastobedone.)請注意下面兩個句子的含義的不同點：Thereisnothingtodo.(無事可做，感到十分乏味。)Thereisnothingtobedone.(某東西壞了，無法使之恢復正常。)

三、不定式符號to的保留問題有時為了避免重復，可以用to來代替前面的不定式，這種情況出現(xiàn)在下列動詞之后：expect,hope,wish,mean,prefer,care,forget,want,try；或出現(xiàn)在beglad/happy,wouldlike/love等的后面。如果在省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有：be,have,havebeen,這些詞要保留。如:Ihaven'tbeentoHongKong,butIwishto.——Areyouonholiday?一——Areyouonholiday?一No,butI'dliketobe.—Ididn'ttellhimthenews.我沒有告訴他那個消息?！狾h,you—Ididn'ttellhimthenews.我沒有告訴他那個消息?！狾h,yououghttohave.噢，你本應該告訴他的。四、動名詞作主語動名詞或不定式都可以在句中作主語，但在下列句型中常用動名詞作主語。Itis/wasnouse/good+doingsth.Itis/wasnotanyuse/good+Itis/wasnouse/good+doingsth.Itis/wasnotanyuse/good+doingsth.Itis/wasoflittleuse/good+doingsth.Itis/wasuseless如：Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水難收。Itisoflittlegoodstayinguptoolateeveryday.每天都熬夜沒有什么好處若主語和表語都是非謂語動詞，應保持形式上的一致。Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實。如：Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水難收。Itisoflittlegoodstayinguptoolateeveryday.每天都熬夜沒有什么好處若主語和表語都是非謂語動詞，應保持形式上的一致。Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實。五、注意以下表達的意義區(qū)別fallingleaves正在下落的樹葉fallingleaves正在下落的樹葉fallenleaves已經(jīng)落下的樹葉boilingwater沸騰的水boilingwater沸騰的水boiledwater燒開過的水developingcountries發(fā)展中國家developingcountries發(fā)展中國家developedcountries發(fā)達國家toswimthisafternoon.Ilikeswimming,butIdon'tliketoswimthisafternoon.Herjobisgivingpianolessonstochildren,butthisSundayherjobistoteachthechildrenhowtoHerjobisgivingpianolessonstoThegirlletoutafrightenedcryatthesightofthesnake.(Thegirlwasfrightened.)看到蛇，女孩尖叫起不。Hisfrighteningshoutscaredtheboysagain.（Theshoutwasfrighteningandtheboysfeltfrightened.）他大吼一聲把那幫男孩給嚇跑了。類似的還有：anexcitingvoice令人興奮的聲音anexcitedvoice興奮的聲音apuzzlinglook令人迷惑不解的表情apuzzledlook困惑的表情HeHehuntedalltheshops,lookingforanicepresentforhisgirlfriend.（伴隨）他找遍了所有的商店，為他的女友尋來一件精英的禮物。Hehuntedalltheshopstobuyanicepresentforhisgirlfriend.（目的）為給他的女友買一件精美的禮物，他跑遍了所有的商店。Istayedupverylateyesterday,preparingmyspeech.（伴隨）我昨晚睡得很晚，一直在準備演講稿。Igotupveryearlythismorningtopreparebreakfastformyfamily.（目的）今天早晨我起得很早以便給家人準備早餐。小試牛刀試題（一）AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgotfrommyfriends.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missedsuchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.SufferedDoletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappearseverything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentoldIreallyappreciatetorelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.A.tohavehadtimeB.havingtimeC.tohavetimeD.tohavingtimeatthedoorbeforeentering,please.A.KnockedB.ToknockC.KnockingD.KnockSandycoulddonothingbuttohisteacherthathewaswrong.A.admitB.admittedC.admittingD.toadmitMrReedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadtosomeschoolsforpoorchildren.A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetupA.tired;boringA.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boringbloodifyoucanandmanyliveswillbesaved.A.GivingB.GiveC.GivenD.Togivefromhearttroubleforyears,Professorwhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.A.SufferedB.SufferingC.HavingsufferedD.BeingsufferedInordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystate-runcompaniesarestrivingtheirproductsmorecompetitive.A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmadeInsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeansforanotherhour.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaitingWhen,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompletedWithalotofdifficultproblems,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettledTheresearchissodesignedthatoncenothingcanbeconetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begunHavingatripabroadiscertainlyfortheoldcouple,butitremainswhethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen（：二）1.pricesofdailygoodsthroughacomputercanbelowerthanstorepricesA.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying一Whydidyougobacktotheshop?一Ileftmyfriendthere.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.waitsThemanager,hisfactory'sproductswerepoorinquality,decidedtogivehisworkersfurthertraining.A.knowingB.knownC.toknowD.beingknownThemanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasifwhetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.A.seeingB.havingseenC.tohaveseenD.toseeMrSmith,ofthespeech,startedtoreadanovel.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundinthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smokedTheteacheraskedussomuchnoise.A.don'tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomaketimes,he'llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.GivenItisbelievedthatifabookis,itwillsurelythereader.A.interested;interestB.interesting;beinterestedC.interested;beinterestingD.interesting;interestThediscoveryofnewevidenceledto.A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaughtGenerallyspeaking,accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetakenAnarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenorderedclearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissuedHelookedaroundandcaughtamanhishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.puttingI'mgoingtothesupermarketthisafternoon.Doyouhaveanything?A.tobebuyingB.tobuyC.forbuyingD.boughtThepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremainastheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating（三）withadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.A.TofaceB.HavingfacedC.FacedD.FacingThestormleft,alotofdamagetothisarea.A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcaused,themoreexpensivethecamera,thebetteritsquality.A.GeneralspeakingB.SpeakinggeneralC.GenerallyspeakingD.SpeakinggenerallyA.takingA.takingB.takenC.havingtakenD.havingbeentakenWhilewatchingtelevision,.A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings"Youcan'tcatchme!”Janetshouted,away.A.TohavehadB.havinghadC.HaveD.HavingIt'snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview.theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.HavingWhenaskedbythepolice,hesaidthatherememberedattheparty,butnot.A.toarrive;leavingB.toarrive;toleaveC.arriving;leavingD.arriving;toleaveTheprizeofthegameshowis$30,000andallexpensesvacationtoChina.A.payingB.paidC.tobepaidD.beingpaidIcouldn'tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoonYoushouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You'vehaditoftenenough.A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explainedIdon'twantlikeI'mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager'splanisunfair.A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesoundedHegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn'triskthegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglostintouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.A.PutB.PuttingC.HavingputD.BeingputItwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjustalookatthesportsstars.A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.haveMoreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays,advantageofthehealthandrelaxationbenefits.（四）A.toputA.toputB.tohaveputC.puttingD.havingputA.mynotallowinghavingnotallowedmybeingnotallowedmynotbeingallowedA.mynotallowinghavingnotallowedmybeingnotallowedmynotbeingallowedsuchheavyloss,hebusinessmandidn'thavethecouragetogoon.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.SufferedWithnorainforthreemonthsandfoodsuppliesout,thesituationhereisgettingfrombadtoworse.A.runB.runningC.torunD.toberunHilloftenattendspubliclecturesattheUniversityofLondon,chieflyhisEnglish.A.toimproveB.improvingC.tohaveimprovedD.improvedWalkingoutofitwithasmileonhisface,heturnedgoodbyetohisclassmatesintheclassroom.A.forcing;tosayB.forced;tosayingC.forcing;tosayingD.forced;tosayAremote-controlledbombexplodedoutsideahotelyesterday,atleast12people.A.havingbeeninjuredB.havinginjuredC.injuringD.injuredItissaidthatBarbara'ssisterfelloffherbicycleonherwaytoschool,intheleftleg.A.seriouslydamagingB.hurtingbadlyC.breakingseriouslyD.badlyhurt一What'sthematterwithTim?一Oh.Tim'scellphonewasleftinataxiaccidentally,neveragain.A.tofindB.tobefoundC.findingD.beingfoundThecarburnsmorefuel,butallthingsintoconsideration,it'sstillagoodcar.A.takenB.havingtakenC.takingD.totakeWalterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourwork,werefusedtheoffer.A.notfinishingB.hadnotbeenfinishedC.nothavingfinishedD.notbeingfinishedTheearthquakethetsunami（海灘）happeneddeepunderthesea,morethan200,000people.A.causing;killingB.caused;killingC.causing;killedD.caused;killedThemanopenedhiseyesandmovedhislips,asifthathehadsomethingtotellthedoctor.A.sayingB.havingsaidC.tosayD.tohavesaidThoughnaturalresources,theareaiswelldeveloped.A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedintogoabroadalone.Whatworriedmemostwastogoabroadalone.14.Itissillyofmealleggsinonebasket.ThatwastheworstmistakeI'veevermade.14.Itissillyofme15.Myjobwastowashbottles,whichwouldthenbefilledwithwine,orthefilledbottlesinboxes.A.toputB.puttingC.havingputD.beingput上海高考翻譯常見句型匯總not…until…/Notuntil…/Itwasnotuntil…that直到會議快要結(jié)束時他才露面。(showup)直到二十世紀初人們才學會怎樣防止這種疾病的蔓延。(prevent)直到那時他才意識到他的老師是非常善解人意的。(considerate)可惜他們直到事故發(fā)生之后才采取措施防止它。直到上周末收到你的來信時我們才如釋負重。(relieve)Themore…themore..你的詞匯量越大，你就感到用英語寫作越容易。(feelit+adj.todo)人們普遍認為，用腦越多，思維就越活躍。(itisgenerallybelievedthat)問題發(fā)現(xiàn)得越早，解決起來越容易。問題越難，我越有可能能夠解決他們。(likely)我們學習得越多，將來就越能為我們國家工作的越好。你練習講英語越多，就越對你有好處。(dosbgood)我們經(jīng)常討論的一個問題是：是否錢越多越幸福。相對而言，孩子與父母交流越多，越不可能感到憂郁。(sufferfrom)Nomatterhow/however+adj./adv.+S+V不管這個新體系有多復雜，我們還是要用它。(complicated)2?無論社會發(fā)展得多快，這個傳統(tǒng)應該代代相傳。(passon)3?無論他如何努力，他似乎永遠學不好物理。4?不管我們有多忙，下星期我們一定會舉行一次歡送會向那些退休工人們表示敬意。(inhonorof)5?不管天有多晚，他從不把今天必須做的事拖到明天。(putoff)如果我們以一種強烈的意志工作，我們能夠克服任何的困難，無論這個困難有多大。Adj./adv./n./v.+as/though+S+V雖然他很聰明，但他不愿把全部時間用在學習上°(devote???to)他很累，但他還是工作到深夜。(worklateinto…)雖然他是個孩子，但對于這個世界他了解很多。雖然我敬佩他作為一個作家，但我不喜歡他作為一個人。(admire)Hardly/scarcely/barely…whennosooner…than我剛到家，電話鈴就響了。他一到實驗室，就開始做實驗。(setout)這男孩剛打開電腦，他父親就回家了，叫他做功課。他一到家就迫不及待地把好消息告訴他父母。(can'twait…)Notuntilthemeetingwasalmostoverdidheshowup.Notuntilthebeginningofthe20thcenturydidpeoplelearnhowtopreventthediseasefromspreading.Notuntilthendidherealizethathisteacherwasveryconsiderate/thoughtful/understanding.it'sapitythattheydidn'ttakeanymeasurestopreventtheaccidentuntilithappened.Notuntilweheardfromyoulastweekwerewerelieved.Thelargervocabularyyouhave,theeasieryou'llfeelittowriteinEnglish.Itisgenerally/commonlybelievedthatthemoreoneuseshisbrain,themoreactivehismindwillbe.Theearliertheproblemisfound,themoreeasilyitcanbesolved.Themoredifficulttheproblemsare,themorelikelyIamtobeabletosolvethem.Themorewelearn,thebetterwe'llbeabletoworkforourcountryinthefuture.ThemoreyoupractisespeakingEnglish,themoregooditwilldoyou.Thetopicweoftendiscussiswhetherthemoremoneywehave,thehappierwewillbe.Relativelyspeaking,themorechildrencommunicatewiththeirparents,thelesslikelytheywillsuffefromdepression.Nomatterhowcomplicatedthenewsystemis,we'llhavetouseit.Howeverfastthesocietydevelops,thistraditionshouldbepassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.Itseemsthathoweverhardheworks,hecanneverlearnphysicswell.Howeverbusyweare,wewillcertainlygiveafarewellpartyinhonorofthoseretiredworkersnextweek.Howeverlateitis,heneverputsoffwhatmustbedonetodaytilltomorrow.Ifyouworkwithastrongwill,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,howevergreatitis.Cleverasheis,heisnotwillingtodevoteallhistimetohisstudy.Tiredashewas,hestillworkedlateintothemidnight.Childasheis,heknowsalotabouttheworld.MuchasIadmirehimasawriter,Idon'tlikehimasaman.Ihadhardlyreachedhomewhenthephonerang.Nosoonerhadhegottothelaboratorythanhesetouttodotheexperiment.Hardlyhadtheboyturnedonthecomputerwhenhisfathercamehomeandaskedhimtodohislessons.Hehadhardlyarrivedhomewhenhecouldnotwaittotellhisparentsthegoodnews.where/wherever我已下定決心去最需要我的地方。那些大學生在畢業(yè)之后會去無論他們被需要的地方。眾所周知，藥品不應該放在孩子們可以拿到的地方。(accessible)我會把這本書放在你放的地方，并在我放它的地方做個記號。(makeamark)Thefirsttime=when…forthefirsttimeEverytime/eachtime=wheneverThemoment/theinstant=assoonas史密斯先生第一次去杭州時，就被西湖的美所打動。(strike)第一次坐飛機時，飛機起降時感到不舒服是很正常的。(itisnormal…)每次他媽媽叫他幫助做家務，他總是假裝在看書。每次我看到這張照片，就讓我想起我的學校生活。(remind)每次在閱覽室看完雜志，請放回原處。(where)他高中一畢業(yè)就去了國外。雖然好幾年沒碰到他了，但昨天我一看到他就認出他了。This/Itis/wasthefirst/secondtimethat…這是他第一次獨立解決這個問題。這是他們第一次贏得一場正式比賽，因此每個人都欣喜若狂。這是我第三次沒有通過駕駛考試。Itwill(not)be…before…(Itwon'tbelongbefore…)Itwas(not)…before…不久我們就要從高中畢業(yè)了。很長一段時間之后他才會回來。不久一架直升機就到達現(xiàn)場來營救這次飛機失事的幸存者。(onthescene)很長一段時間之后他才意識到了他的錯。不久他就意識到了他的錯。很快他就意識到了他的錯。(itwasbeforelongthat…)過了幾分鐘我才覺察到剛才發(fā)生的事。(aware)幾年后他們在國外結(jié)了婚。20年后他的研究成果才最終得到承認。(recognize)過了一段時間我的眼睛才適應了黑暗，能夠辨別出不同的動物。(makeout)Itis(hasbeen)…since…自從我們上次互相見面，幾乎已經(jīng)五年了。自從我們上次碰面，似乎是一個世紀了。自她四歲以來，她一直每天練習彈鋼琴。I'vemadeupmymindtogowhereI'mneededmost.Thosecollegestudentswillgowherevertheyareneededaftergraduation.Asweallknow,medicineshouldbekeptwhereitisaccessibletochildren.IwillputthebookwhereyouplaceditandmakeamarkattheplacewhereIputit.ThefirsttimeMrSmithwenttoHangzhou,hewasstruckbythebeautyoftheWestLake.Whenyoutakeaplaneforthefirsttime,itisnormal(foryou)tofeeluncomfortablewhiletheplaneistakingofforlanding.Eachtimehismotheraskshimtodosomehousework,healwayspretendstobereading(abook).EverytimeIseethephoto,itremindsmeoftheschoollife.Eachtimeyoufinishreadingthemagazineinthereadingroom,pleaseputitwhereitwas.HewentabroadthemomenthegraduatedfromSeniorHighSchool.AlthoughIhaven'tmethimforyears,IrecognizedthemomentIsawhim.Thisisthefirsttimethathassolvedtheproblemonhisown.Itisthefirsttimethattheyhadwonaformalmatch,soeveryonewaswildwithjoy.ItisthethirdtimethatIhavefailedtopassthedrivingtest.Itwon'tbelongbeforewegraduatefromSeniorHighSchool.Itwillbealongtimebeforehecomesback.Itwasn'tlongbeforeahelicopterarrivedonthescenetorescuethesurvivorsoftheplanecrash..Itwaslongbeforeherealizedhismistake.Itwasnotlongbeforeherealizedhismistake.Itwasbeforelongthatherealizedhismistake.ItwasseveralminutesbeforeIwasawareofwhathadhappenedjustnow.Itwasseveralyearsbeforetheygotmarriedabroad.Itwastwentyyearsbeforetheresultofhisresearchwaseventuallyrecognized.Itwassometimebeforemyeyesbecameusedtothedarkandcouldmakeoutdifferentanimals.Itisalmostfiveyearssincewesaweachotherlasttime.Itseemsacenturysincewelastmet.Shehasbeenpracticingplayingthepianoeverydaysinceshewasfour.Never,Neverbefore,Seldom,Little我從來沒有意識到他有多幽默°(Never)我們從來沒有比現(xiàn)在更為自己是中國人感到自豪。(Never)上海市民的環(huán)保意識從來沒有像今天這么強。(Neverbefore)我很少見到像亨利這樣考慮周到的人。(Seldom)盡管他已經(jīng)18歲了，但他很少意識到與別人交流的重要性。(Seldom)

他幾乎不知道所發(fā)生的事。(Little)Only+狀語，倒裝只有在那時，Tom才承認他錯了。只有在這家商店，我們才能買到如此好的家具。只有當戰(zhàn)爭在1949年結(jié)束后，他才開始了新的生活。只有不斷學習新事物，我們才能與時共進。只有通過科學的鍛煉才能使人延年益壽。So+adj/adv,部分倒裝thatCl.Such+n,部分倒裝thatCl.他的房間太小了，連個床都放不下。他們對哲學了解很少，以至于其中大多數(shù)人根本不能理解講座。(beyondsb)時間是如此珍貴，我們不能浪費它。他全神貫注于閱讀以致于沒有注意到我們進來°(beabsorbedin…)在口試中，面對兩位老師，他緊張得一句話也說不出來。(face)有噪音我聽不清°(makeoneself…)祈使句/名詞，or/and…繼續(xù)努力(再努力一下)，你將來總有一天會成功的。(sure)多吃水果，你就不用擔心缺少維生素。(lack)聽從你醫(yī)生的意見，否則你的咳嗽會更糟糕。(follow)The.reason(why)+句子/for(doing)sth…was/isthatCl.The.他身體差的原因是他不太注意飲食和休息。他沒有參加昨晚的聚會是因為沒有人告訴他。NeverhaveIrealizedhowhumourousheis.NeverhavewebeenmoreproudofbeingChinesethan(weare)now.NeverbeforehavethecitizensofShanghaihadsuchastrongsenseofenvironmentalprotection.SeldomhaveIseensuchaconsideratepersonlikeHenry.Seldomdoesherealizetheimportanceofcommunicatingwithothersthoughheisalready18yearsold.OnlythendidTomadmitthathewaswrong.Onlyinthisshopcanwebuysuchgoodfurniture.Onlywhen/afterthewarwasoverin1949,washeabletobeginanewlife.Onlybylearningthenewconstantlycanwekeepupwiththetimes.Onlybytakingexerciseinascientificwaycanhumanbeingslivealonglife.Sosmallishisroomthatabedcan'tbeputin.Solittledidtheyknowaboutphilosophythatthelecturewascompletelybeyondmostofthem.Sopreciousistimethatwecan'taffordtowasteit.Soabsorbedwasheinreadingthathedidn'tnoticethatwecamein.Sonervousdidhefeelintheoraltestthathecouldn'tsayawordfacingthetwoteachers.SuchanoisewastherethatIcouldn'tmakemyselfheard.Keepworkinghard(Makeanothereffort/Anothereffort),andyouaresuretosucceedsomedayinthefuture..Eatmorefruit,andyoudon'thavetoworryaboutlackofvitamins.Followyourdoctor'sadvice,oryourcoughwillgetworse.Itneveroccurredtohimthatthereasonwhyhewasturneddownwasthathecouldn'tusethecomputer.Thereasonfortheirsuccessisthattheycanlearnfromtheirmistakes.

thereasonforhispoorhealthwasthathedidn'tpayenoughattentiontohisdietandrest.thereasonwhyshedidn'tattendthepartylastnightwasthatnobodyhadtoldheraboutit.It's(high/about)timethat…/(forsb)todosth該你上床睡覺的時候了。2.該你下決心的時候了。你該好好反省一下自己的所作所為。(reflect)Bythetime…到他回來為止，我將做完我的回家作業(yè)了。到我回到家時，雨已經(jīng)停了。Whatmoved/touched/strucksbwas+N./thatWhatdelightedsb(most)was…Whatsurprised/amazedsbwas…Whatinterested/worried/troubled/disappointedsbwas…讓我們感動的是很多人為事故中的受害者伸出了援助之手。令我們大家感動的是這位科學家雖身在異鄉(xiāng)仍心系祖國。使我最高興的是她的禮物正好就是我正想著要買的東西。令父母擔心的是，她已決定不吃早飯。當時最鼓勵我的是老師和朋友的評價。目前讓我頭痛的是我背不出所有這些英文單詞。Itistimeforyoutogotobed./itistimethatyouwenttobed.Itishightimethatyoumadeupyourmind.Itishightimethatyoureflectedonwhatyouhavedone.Bythetimehecomesback,Iwillhavefinishedmyhomework.BythetimeIcameback,therainhadstopped.Whatmoved/touched/struckuswasthatmanypeoplelent/gavea