8下英語知識點總結(jié)

Unit1What'sthematter?一、根底知識1.What'sthematter?怎么啦？出什么事情了?What'sthematterwithyou?=WhatWhat'swrongwithyou?你怎么了？18.theimportanceof(doing)sth.WestudentsshouldknowsthetroublewithEnglish.you?=importancen.重要〔性〕,19.makeadecisiontodosth.=(做)某事的重要性theimportanceof(learning)importantadj.重要的,decidetodosth..【注】：matter和trouble為名詞,其前可加the或形容詞20.beinthecontrolof掌管,管？理Theheadmasterisinthe性物主代詞,wrong是adj.不能加thehaveacold=catchacold=havetheflu感冒haveafever發(fā)燒haveacough咳嗽haveastomachache胃疼,肚子疼haveatoothache牙疼haveaheadache頭疼muchtoo+形容詞,意為太……,toomuch+名詞,意為很多,大量.enough【形容、副詞】足夠的/地,enough放在名前后,形副后.goodenough足夠好,enoughmoney=muchmoneyliedown躺下,lie躺,躺著,過去式lay；lie說謊,過去式liedmaybe或一許II,常用于句首,表示可能性,后加句子.Maybeyouareright.maybe,是情態(tài)動詞+be的結(jié)構(gòu),意為一可能,也許II,后加名詞、代詞或形容詞.Hemaybeangry.soundlike+名詞代詞和從句：Itsoundslikeyoudon'tknowthetruth.Itsoundslikeagoodidea.sound+形容詞,一聽起來,好似II,Themusicsoundsnice.need需要,實義動詞need+名詞,需要某物；needtodosth.需要做某事,主語通常是人,表示人主動的動作：Youneedtolistencarefullyduringclass.getoff(thebus)下(公交車)geton上車agree同意,贊同;agreewithsth.同意某事如：Iagreewiththatidea.agreetosb.同意某人的意見如：IagreetoLiLei.trouble問題,麻煩；beintrouble遇到麻煩,maketrouble制造麻煩,havetrouble(in)doingsth.=havedifficulties(in)doingsth做有麻煩.rightaway=rightnow=atonce,意為馬上.advice［不可數(shù)名詞］勸告,建議,向？征求意見,givesb.adviceonsth.就某事給某人建議；advise［動詞］advisesb.todosth.建議某人做某事exercise練習(xí)、鍛煉當(dāng)exercise意為一練習(xí)II時,為可數(shù)名詞即可加s當(dāng)exercise意為一鍛煉II時,為不可數(shù)名詞即不加sbeusedtosth./doingsth.習(xí)慣于、適應(yīng)了？？、做某事,強調(diào)狀態(tài)；Hisgrandpawasusedtocountrylife.Maryisnotusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.runout用完,用盡Whenhiswaterrunout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.物sth.runout.某物用盡了.人sb.runoutofsth.人用盡了某物.Herunoutofallhismoneylastnight.risk(sb.)todosth.冒險去做某事takearisk=takerisks冒險controlofthisnewschool.beoutofcontrol無法限制,無法治理beundercontrol被限制住,在限制之中21.minddoingsth.介意做某事,Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?27.giveup(doing)sth.放棄(做)某事,giveup(playing)computergames;Unit2I'llhelptocleanupthecityparkscheer(sb.)up(讓某人)變得快樂；振奮起來Thegoodnewscheeredupeveryoneinourclass.giveout分發(fā)；散發(fā),相當(dāng)于handout,Theteacherisgivingout/handingoutthetestpapers.givesth.outtosb.意為把某物分發(fā)給某人.volunteertodosth.自愿做某事alone:單獨一人的,無感情色彩：指人Themusicianenjoyedlivingaloneandwritingsongshimself.lonely〔感到〕孤獨寂寞的,帶有很強的感情色彩,可做表語或定語.指內(nèi)心孤獨Thelonelyboyisnotlonelynow.careforsb./sth.照顧；照料？？such這一樣的,這種,如此II,用于修飾名詞such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞：suchagoodday多么美好的——天/suchanexcitingmatch多么精彩的比賽such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞：suchimportantdecisions多么重要的建議suchdeliciousfood多么美味的食物如果名詞前被many,much,few,little修飾時,只能用so,而不用such:somanysickchildren/solittletimetryoutfor參加？？選拔,爭取成為？tryout試用,試驗bebusywithsth.忙于〔做〕什么事情bebusydoingsth.忙于〔做〕什么事情trydoingsth.試著去做某事trytodosth.盡力去做某事tryonesbest〔todosth盡.〕某人最大的努力去做某事beworriedaboutsb./sth.=worryaboutsb./sth.擔(dān)憂某人、某事havedifficulty〔in〕doingsth.=havetrouble〔in〕doingsth.做某事有困難fixup修理=repairUnit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?1.couldyoupleasetakeoutthetrash?彼得,你能把垃圾倒了嗎？Couldyoupleasedosth?請你〔做〕好嗎？用于提出請求,希望得到對方的肯定答復(fù),說話的語氣比擬客氣委婉.Could不是can的過去式,是委婉、禮貌的說法.答復(fù)用can.【常用答語】肯定答復(fù)：Sure./Ofcourse./Certainly./Noproblem.否認(rèn)答復(fù)：Sorry,Ican't2、takeout取出(v+adv)takeoutthetrash倒垃圾takeawalk散步takeaway拿走,取走takeback收回takeplace發(fā)生takeoff脫下起飛takeawalk去散步takearest休息takecareof照顧takeoff脫下；起飛takeup占據(jù)takedown拿下takeone'stime不急；慢慢來takeone'stemperature量體溫3.dothedishes洗碗.atleast至少；atmost至少,不超過.finishdoingsth做完某事.Foroneweek,shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidI.一周的時間,她不做任何家務(wù),我也不做.neither+助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語一某人(主語)也不II(1)neither兩者都不neither?nor既？不？也不？,連接兩個詞做主語,謂語動詞由后一個主語確定NeitherTomnorJimisastudent⑵表達(dá)一？也不？？II那么用一Neither/Nor+be/V助/V情+主||——Thefirstonewasn'tbadNeither.was——thesecond.find用法：find—foundffound尋找vfindsb.doingsth發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事findit+adj.+todosth發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很？？?finditdifficult/hardtodosth發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很困難toone'ssurprise使某人吃驚的是insurprise吃驚地besurprisedat對？？感到吃驚need,must引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句肯定會的用must,否認(rèn)答復(fù)用needn't一MustIgotherenow?—Yes,youmust/No,youneednshare分享；共用sharesth分享或共用某物sharesthwithsb.與某人分享某物11.borrow/lend/keep(1)borrow借入,與from連用,尤指主語一【借進來II]borrowsthfromsb.從某人為B里借某物Youcanborrowthebookfromthelibrary.(2)lend借出,與to搭配【指借出去】lendsbsth=lendsthtosb把某物借給某人Hedoesn'twanttolendhisbooktoothers.⑶keep保存,保存(延續(xù)動詞,可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用)【指借一段時間】12.tryv試圖,設(shè)法,努力⑴tryon試穿(2)trytodosth努力做某事【側(cè)重盡力做】⑶trydoingsth試圖做某事【側(cè)重嘗試做】(4)tryone'sbesttodosth=doones盡best某人to最do大sth努力做某事13CouldIaskyoutohelpmewithsomechoresthen?那我能請求你幫我做些雜沽嗎T*也諾含義asksb.todosth請某人做杲事asksb.nottodosth不讓某人做某事asksbforsth同杲人要杲物askforhelp尋求幫助helpsb.dosth.=helpsb.withsth.幫助某人做某事CouldIinvitemyfriendstoaparty?我能邀請我的朋友們來聚會嗎？invitesb.todosth邀請某人做某事(2)invitesb.to+地點邀請某人去某地havetime=befree有空awasteof浪費awasteoftime浪費時間spend/pay/cost/take花費(1)spend—spent—spent花v費,主語是人?sb.+spend+時間/錢+onsth?sb.+spend+時間/錢+(in)doingsth(2)pay—paid“paid支付v,主語是人?sb.+pay+錢+forsthIpay10yuanforthebook.⑶costfcost-costv花費,主語是某物或某事?sthcostsb.+錢某物花費某人多少錢⑷take—took—taken花v費?Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.做某事花費某人多長時間Ittakeshim3hourstodohishomework.inorderto目的一是；為了II后接動詞原形.inordertodosth為了做某事getonwellwithsb.與某人相處得好get/gotosleep(fallasleep)入睡相關(guān)：(beasleep睡著)beawake醒著providev提供providesth.forsb.為某人提供某物providet為應(yīng)急等做好準(zhǔn)備而一提供；供給IIprovidesb.withsth.=providesthforsb.提供某人某物offer［那么IE表示一愿意給予IIoffersb.sth.=offersthtosb.對某人提供某物offertodosth主動提出干杲事supply定期一供給II,強調(diào)替代或補充所需物品Supplysb.withsth=supplysth.tosb.為某人提供某物23.dependon依靠；信賴keep(on)doingsth繼續(xù)做某事Hewasingreatpainbuthekeptonworkingtakecareof照顧=lookafterthe+比擬級,the+比擬級一越......越......IIUnit4Whydon'tyoutalktoyourparents?1.Whydonyouttalktoyourparents?你為什么不和你打父母談?wù)勀?？Whydon'tyoudosth?=Whynotdosth?為什么不呢？用于提建議的句型有：(1)Whataboutdoingsth?=Howaboutdoingsth??.怎么樣?(2)Whydon'tyoudosth?=Whynotdosth?為什么不呢?(3)Let'sdo讓sth我.們一起做某事吧.(4)hadbetterdo/notdosth最好做/不做某事⑸Will/Wouldyoupleasedosth請你做？好嗎？(6)Wouldyouliketodosth?你想去做某事嗎？接pick接pickup撿起；拾起開車接某人學(xué)到；獲得ickuptp(7)Wouldyouminddoingsth?你介意做某事嗎？allowv允許allowdoingsth允許做某事Theydon'tallowsmoking.allowsb.todosth允許某人做某事MymotherallowsmetowatchTV.beallowedtodosth被允許做某事lookthrough瀏覽lookthesameangryadj.生氣的—angrilyadv.生氣地(1)beangrywithsb.=bemadatsb.對某人生氣【with后接人】(2)beangryat/aboutsth對某事感到生氣【at后接事】(3)beangrytodosth做某事感到生氣although=though盡管,用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句.注:though/although不能與but連用hopev希望?hopetodosthIhopetovisitGuilin.hope+that從句(表示希望)Ihopethatyou'llbebettersoon?wishv希望wishtodosthIwishtovisitGuilin.wishsb.todosth希望某人做某事Iwishyoutogo.wish+that從句表示愿望,workout解決；成功地開展argue爭吵arguewithsb.與某人爭吵arguewithsb.aboutsth為某事與某人爭吵argueaboutsth爭論某事argueagainst爭辯；反對Hearguedagainsttheplanhangout閑逛；常去某處Helikesreadingandheoftenhangsoutinthebookshop.refusetodosth拒絕去做某事instead代替,反而,替instead副詞,代替,常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情沒做,而做了后面的事情.LeewasillsoIwentinstead.李病了,所以我去了.insteadof+n/doing代替,而不是,放在句中insteadof為介詞短語,+N./pron./v-ingworryabout=beworriedabout為？？擔(dān)憂competev競爭；對抗—competitionn競爭competewithsb.和某人競爭competeagainst/with與？？競爭competefor為？？參加比賽inone'sopinion以某人的觀點；在某人看來sometime/sometime/sometimes/sometimes【口訣】：分開是一段,合起是某時；分開s是倍次,合起s是有時typical典型的betypicalof是？？一的特點IIsucceedindoingsthsend—sent-sent發(fā)v送sendsb.sth=sendsthtosb.送給某人某物allkindsof各種各樣的【拓展】kind(1)n種類kindof+adj.有點,有幾分,kindofcold有點冷akindof一種的,某種的allkindsof各種各樣的

differentkindsof不同種類的Whatkindof？？那種compareAwithB將A和B比擬(1)compare？with？把？？與？..做比擬compare？to？把？..比做？？begoodfor對？.有益處(反)bebadfor對？有害處begoodat+n/doing=dowellin+n/doing擅長于做某事begoodtosb.=bekindto=befriendlytosb.對某人友好becrazyabout對？？著迷；熱衷于？？I'mcrazyaboutfootball.DoesCathyTaylorthinkitimportantsforkidstojoinafter-schoolactivities？凱西.泰勒認(rèn)為對于孩子們而言參加課文活動重要嗎？It'sadj+.(easy,difficult,important,necessary)+(forsb.)todosthkeepondoing繼續(xù)做某事sothat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句sothat是連詞,意為一為的是,以便II,引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句Unit5Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame？pickup接Tom,Icalledyou,butyoudidnIpickupawalletonmywayhomeIwillpickyouupatthestationHewaspickinguptheskillsquickly.fallasleep進入夢鄉(xiāng)；睡著【拓展】sleep/asleep辨析:sleep=beinbedv睡覺,指睡的動作狀態(tài),gettosleep=fallasleep入睡,強調(diào)進入睡眠的狀態(tài)(3)gotobed上床睡覺,強調(diào)睡覺的動作.diedown逐漸變?nèi)?；逐漸消失join參加；參加【辨析】join/joinin/takepartinjoin=beamemberof參加,指參加某種組織,弁成為其中的一員.jointhearmy/party入伍/黨jointheclub力口入俱樂部joinin后接活動名稱joinsb.參加到某個人群之中takepartin參加,指參加群體活動中弁在活動中發(fā)揮重要作用.therestof其？余的一,剩下的II做主語時,其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與therestof修飾的名詞一致.Therestofmeatgoesbad.Therestofworkersarestillworkinghard.(1)remembertodosth記得去做某事(此事還未做)⑵rememberdoingsth記得做過某事(此事已做完)hearsb.dosth聽見某人做某事；hearsb.doingsth聽見某人正在做某事hearabout意為一聽說II,=hearof,后面接詞或短語.Ihaveheardabout/ofthestorybefore.我以前就聽說過這個故事.ssthematterwithyou?=大象H勺重量是這只熊貓的很多倍這頭troublen困難；苦惱；憂慮introuble處于困境中1otrouble使某人陷入困境⑵What'sthetroublewithyou?=What

leadsb.todosth帶著某人做某事Unit7What'sthehighestmountainintheworld?.Theelephantweightsmanytimesmorethanthispanda.Wha'twrongwithyou?你怎么啦？⑶havetrouble(in)doingsth做某事有麻煩Unit6Anoldmantriedtomovethemountains.I.unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句unless=if?not"除非,假設(shè)不〞Theywillgotomorrowunlessitrains.=Theywillgotomorrowifitdoesntrains..sothat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句.takeaway把？？帶走.(1)remindof提醒,使記起remindsb.ofsth使某人記起某事⑶remindsb.todosth提醒某人去做某事(4)remindsb.+that從句agreewithsb.同意某人((1)another一另一個；另外的l|指三種或三種以上的另一個.Thiscoatistoosmall,pleaseshowmeanotherone.⑵others一另一些,和some比照使用時,無“其他〞之意.Somestudentsaresinging;othersaredancing.⑶theothers一其余的II,指在一個范圍內(nèi)的其他全部.Lisaistallerthantheothersinourclass.⑷theother一另一個||指兩者中的另一個.Ihavetwosister,oneisateacher,theotherisadoctor.neither兩者都不(反)both兩者都neitherof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)II作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式beborn出生通常用于一般過去時bebornin+月份/年份/地點在？？月/年/地方出生MybrotherwasborninHongKong.⑵bebornon+具體的某天在？？出生Hewasbornonacoldmorning.turn?into?把？？變成？？；把？？譯成？？turnon翻開couldyouturnonthelight,please?turnoff關(guān)掉(煤氣,水,電,收音機,電視機等)turndown關(guān)小be/becomeinterestedin+doing?對？？感興趣fit適合,合身suit合適惻重指顏色、一狀況等適合.款式或時間,食物、fit適側(cè)重指大小、尺寸合體.合acoupleof兩三個getmarried結(jié)婚tosb.makeaplanfor為？？制定方案plantodosth方案做某事=planondoingsthlead帶路；領(lǐng)路leadto導(dǎo)致,通向AllroadsleadtoRome.條條大路通羅馬.

weighv稱？？的重量-weightn重量time①〞是.....的幾倍〞主語+數(shù)詞+times+as+形容詞+as+被比擬的內(nèi)容Ournewschoolisfourtimesasbigastheoldone.②一次數(shù)II一次once兩次twice三次及三次以上：基數(shù)詞+timesthreetimes三次threeorfourtimes三至U四次atbirth出生時givebirth〔tosb/sth〕生孩子；產(chǎn)仔theother其他的〔指兩個事物或兩個人中的“另一個〞,后接名詞時,表示“其他的人或物〞；One....Theother...〔兩者中〕一個,另一個theothers=theother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞theother的復(fù)數(shù)形式是theothers"其他東西,其余的人〞.特指某一范圍內(nèi)的“其他的〔人或物〕〞.some...others一些,另一些Someboysarereading;othersarelisteningtotheradio.有些孩子在閱讀,有些那么在聽收音機.less是little〔小;少〕的比擬級：Hespendslesstime〔in〕doingexperiments.他做實驗花時間較少.⑵1ess+形容詞或副詞〞構(gòu)成劣等比擬,作“較不,"“更不〞解.Itislesscoldthanitwasyesterday.天氣不如昨天那樣冷.【拓展】notlessthan+基數(shù)詞表示"不下于；至少；不止"nolessthan+基數(shù)詞表示"達(dá)之多〔言其多〕"Therearenotlessthan40studentsinthisclass.這個班級至少有40個學(xué)生.prepare?for?為？？準(zhǔn)備？？.preparesth.表示〞準(zhǔn)備......",后接名詞或代詞作賓語.OurEnglishteacherwaspreparingthelessonswhenIcameintotheoffice.我進辦公室時,我們的英語老師在備課..preparetodosth.表示"準(zhǔn)備做".Theywerepreparingtocrosstheriverwhenitbegantorain.他們正準(zhǔn)備過河,忽然下雨了..prepareforsth.表示"為做準(zhǔn)備〞.5.diefrom死于diev一死||表示生命的結(jié)束—deadadj死的—deathn死亡?常用短語⑴diefrom+外因一死于？?||,主要指事故等方面的外部原因.diefromatrafficaccident死于交通事故The01dmandiedfroma|caraccidentlastyear.這個老人去年死于一場車禍dieof+內(nèi)因主要指疾病、衰老、情感等自身原因.6falldown跌倒beexcitedabout對??感到?jīng)_動toonesexcitement使某人興奮的是spend?(in)doing花時間做某事

〔1〕less是little〔小;少〕的比擬級：Hespendslesstime〔in〕doingexperiments.他做實驗花時間較少.

8.thenumberof〔1〕thenumberof表示“?？的數(shù)目〞,后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)或代詞,其后的謂語動詞用單數(shù).⑵⑵1ess+形容詞或副詞〞構(gòu)成劣等比擬,作“較不,〞,"更不〞解.⑵anumberof表示“大量的,許多〞,后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞,其后謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).Itislesscoldthanitwasyesterday.【拓展】notlessthan+基數(shù)詞表示lessthan+基數(shù)詞表示"達(dá)之多天氣不如昨天那樣冷."不下于；至少；不止"no〔言其多〕"Therearenotlessthan40studentsinthisclass.這個班級至少有40個學(xué)生.10.二、不規(guī)那么變化原級比擬級最高級現(xiàn)在完成時：主語have/has+done.過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)..時間狀語：recently,lately,since?for?,inthepastfewyears,already,yet,never,ever,just,before,sofar,once,twiceetc.3.與時間段連用時,如暫性動詞應(yīng)改為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞.good/wellmany/muclittleoldbad/badly/illfarbettermorelessold/elderworseFatherbestmostleastold/eldestworstfarthest/furthestgoout----beoutawayfrombuy----havefinishbeoverleave——beborrow/lendopen---beopenclose---beclosed——keepdie---deadstart/begin----beonjoin一become-bemak--beinefriendasleep---beasleepreach/get/arrive---stay/be,Xsince自從Since