高考英語閱讀技巧課件

閱讀技巧DACY老師閱讀題型主旨大意題：整篇文章的理解——統(tǒng)覽全篇問題中會提供信息或暗示，在統(tǒng)覽全篇的同時要注意抓住文章的中心大意。常見的命題形式①Themainideaofthistextmaybe...②Thispassageismainlyabout...③Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext...④Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage？⑤What‘sthetopicofthetext？⑥Thepassagegivesusis...解題方法1）把握全段、全文思想。2）關(guān)注段首、段尾和中間部分的文章。3）禁止斷章取義，要在細(xì)讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合背景知識、生活常識等推理、判斷,從而獲取文章中隱藏的信息。真題回顧Haveyoueverwonderedwherethefirstdoughnut（炸面圈）wasmade?Whothoughtuptheideaofafriedcakewithaholeinthecenter？Nooneknowsforsurewhomadethefirstdoughnut.Somepeoplethinkthatdoughnutsprobablybeganinthe1800sasDutch"olykoeks"or"oilycakes."Inthosedays,acookwouldnotwanttowasteanyscrapsoffood.Leftoverpiecesofbreaddough（生面團(tuán)）wereputintohotoilandfried.Olykoeksweretastyontheoutside,butsoftanduncookedinthecenter.SomepeoplesaythatthemotherofaNewEnglandseacaptaininventedthefirstrealdoughnut.HernamewasElizabethGregory.Shereplacedthesoftcenterwithspicesandnuts.But,Elizabeth‘sson,CaptainGregory,didnotlikenuts.Hepunched（打洞）outthecenter,andtheconsequencewasthefirstholeinadoughnut.真題回顧OtherssaytherealstoryisthatCaptainGregoryhaddifficultysteeringhisshipwhiletryingtoeatdoughnuts.Heaskedtheship＇scooktomakehisdoughnutswithholessohecouldhangthemonthesteeringwheel!OthersthinkthatCaptainGregorysawholedcakesinEuropeandbroughttheideabacktoAmericawithhim.DuringWorldWarI,homesickAmericansoldiersinEuropewereserveddoughnutsbytheSalvationArmy-Thesebravewomenvolunteeringforthejobwerecalled"DoughnutGirls.”They'oftenworkedindangerousconditionsnearthesoldierssotheDoughnutGirlsworehelmetsanduniforms.Thewomenmadedoughnutcuttersoutofalargecanwithasmallercaninsideittocutoutthehole.Theycouldsetupakettleofhotoiltofrythedoughalmostanywhere.Inthe1920s,doughnutmachineswereinvented.Doughnutswereproducedfasterandeasierthaneverbefore.Still,manypeoplepreferredtomaketheirfavoritedoughnutsathome.真題回顧21.Thepassageismainlyabout？A.thepopularityofdoughnutsB.thehistoryofdoughnutsC.theinventorsofdoughnutsD.thetypesofdoughnuts真題回顧Haveyoueverwonderedwherethefirstdoughnut（炸面圈）wasmade?Whothoughtuptheideaofafriedcakewithaholeinthecenter？Nooneknowsforsurewhomadethefirstdoughnut.Somepeoplethinkthatdoughnutsprobablybeganinthe1800sasDutch"olykoeks"or"oilycakes."Inthosedays,acookwouldnotwanttowasteanyscrapsoffood.Leftoverpiecesofbreaddough（生面團(tuán)）wereputintohotoilandfried.Olykoeksweretastyontheoutside,butsoftanduncookedinthecenter.SomepeoplesaythatthemotherofaNewEnglandseacaptaininventedthefirstrealdoughnut.HernamewasElizabethGregory.Shereplacedthesoftcenterwithspicesandnuts.But,Elizabeth‘sson,CaptainGregory,didnotlikenuts.Hepunched（打洞）outthecenter,andtheconsequencewasthefirstholeinadoughnut.真題回顧OtherssaytherealstoryisthatCaptainGregoryhaddifficultysteeringhisshipwhiletryingtoeatdoughnuts.Heaskedtheship＇scooktomakehisdoughnutswithholessohecouldhangthemonthesteeringwheel!OthersthinkthatCaptainGregorysawholedcakesinEuropeandbroughttheideabacktoAmericawithhim.DuringWorldWarI,homesickAmericansoldiersinEuropewereserveddoughnutsbytheSalvationArmy-Thesebravewomenvolunteeringforthejobwerecalled"DoughnutGirls.”They'oftenworkedindangerousconditionsnearthesoldierssotheDoughnutGirlsworehelmetsanduniforms.Thewomenmadedoughnutcuttersoutofalargecanwithasmallercaninsideittocutoutthehole.Theycouldsetupakettleofhotoiltofrythedoughalmostanywhere.Inthe1920s,doughnutmachineswereinvented.Doughnutswereproducedfasterandeasierthaneverbefore.Still,manypeoplepreferredtomaketheirfavoritedoughnutsathome.真題回顧21.Thepassageismainlyabout？A.thepopularityofdoughnutsB.thehistoryofdoughnutsC.theinventorsofdoughnutsD.thetypesofdoughnutsB閱讀題型猜測詞義題:這類問題主要考查根據(jù)上下文推測和判斷生詞、短語或句子在閱讀材料中含義的能力。常見的命題形式①Theunderlinedwordenhancecanbereplacedby…②Whichofthefollowingisnearest/closestmeaningtotheunderlinedword？③Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmean...解題方法1）根據(jù)該詞旁邊的詞匯邏輯關(guān)系(并列,轉(zhuǎn)折，遞進(jìn)，對比，因果)來判斷新單詞的意思。2）根據(jù)上下文語境判斷新詞在句中的意思;3）注意同義詞和近義詞的替換，通過反義詞、同位語、定語從句來判斷;4）注意一些過渡詞語，如thatis，thisis,inotherwords等,它們一般會直接引出同義解釋。5）詞匯量大，自己認(rèn)識，可以直接在選項中找到同義詞。真題回顧22.ThefirstDutch（荷蘭語）“olykoek”cameintobeingprobablybecause？A.peopledidnotliketoeatfriedfoodB.cooksdidnotliketowasteleftover（剩余的）foodC.DutchmenlikedoilcakesverymuchD.cookslikedthesoftcenterofcakes真題回顧Haveyoueverwonderedwherethefirstdoughnut（炸面圈）wasmade?Whothoughtuptheideaofafriedcakewithaholeinthecenter？Nooneknowsforsurewhomadethefirstdoughnut.Somepeoplethinkthatdoughnutsprobablybeganinthe1800sasDutch"olykoeks"or"oilycakes."Inthosedays,acookwouldnotwanttowasteanyscrapsoffood.Leftoverpiecesofbreaddough（生面團(tuán)）wereputintohotoilandfried.Olykoeksweretastyontheoutside,butsoftanduncookedinthecenter.SomepeoplesaythatthemotherofaNewEnglandseacaptaininventedthefirstrealdoughnut.HernamewasElizabethGregory.Shereplacedthesoftcenterwithspicesandnuts.But,Elizabeth‘sson,CaptainGregory,didnotlikenuts.Hepunched（打洞）outthecenter,andtheconsequencewasthefirstholeinadoughnut.真題回顧22.ThefirstDutch（荷蘭語）“olykoek”cameintobeingprobablybecause？A.peopledidnotliketoeatfriedfoodB.cooksdidnotliketowasteleftover（剩余的）foodC.DutchmenlikedoilcakesverymuchD.cookslikedthesoftcenterofcakesB真題回顧24.Inparagraph3,theword“consequence”probablymeans？A.actionB.damageC.problemD.result真題回顧Haveyoueverwonderedwherethefirstdoughnut（炸面圈）wasmade?Whothoughtuptheideaofafriedcakewithaholeinthecenter？Nooneknowsforsurewhomadethefirstdoughnut.Somepeoplethinkthatdoughnutsprobablybeganinthe1800sasDutch"olykoeks"or"oilycakes."Inthosedays,acookwouldnotwanttowasteanyscrapsoffood.Leftoverpiecesofbreaddough（生面團(tuán)）wereputintohotoilandfried.Olykoeksweretastyontheoutside,butsoftanduncookedinthecenter.SomepeoplesaythatthemotherofaNewEnglandseacaptaininventedthefirstrealdoughnut.HernamewasElizabethGregory.Shereplacedthesoftcenterwithspicesandnuts.But,Elizabeth‘sson,CaptainGregory,didnotlikenuts.Hepunched（打洞）outthecenter,andtheconsequencewasthefirstholeinadoughnut.真題回顧24.Inparagraph3,theword“consequence”probablymeans？A.actionB.damageC.problemD.resultD閱讀題型推理判斷題：這種題目相對較難，往往不能直接從文中找到答案，需要根據(jù)上下文及其相互間的關(guān)系或?qū)φ恼逻M(jìn)行深層理解后，才能找到答案。因此，解答這類題時，要充分運用自己的邏輯思維能力，從文章的內(nèi)在含義、字里行間、作者的態(tài)度和取向中獲取信息，做出正確的判斷。常有的命題形式①Itcanbeknownfromthetextthat…②Fromthetextweknowthat…③Thestoryimpliesthat…④Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe...⑤Thewritersuggeststhat...解題方法1）定位信息:通過尋讀找到相關(guān)信息點;2）字面理解:理解相關(guān)信息點的字面意義;3）深層理解:結(jié)合語境和常識,在字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推斷，從而理解作者的言外之意;4）留意"suggest,mean,infer,indicate,conclusion,probably,likely,accordingto"等標(biāo)志性詞語。真題回顧WhatcanbeinferredaboutdoughnutGirlsduringWorldWar1？A.Theyworkedaboardaship.B.Theyworkednearbattlefields.C.Theyuseduntestedmachines.D.Theyusedhelmetstocookdoughunts.真題回顧OtherssaytherealstoryisthatCaptainGregoryhaddifficultysteeringhisshipwhiletryingtoeatdoughnuts.Heaskedtheship＇scooktomakehisdoughnutswithholessohecouldhangthemonthesteeringwheel!OthersthinkthatCaptainGregorysawholedcakesinEuropeandbroughttheideabacktoAmericawithhim.DuringWorldWarI,homesickAmericansoldiersinEuropewereserveddoughnutsbytheSalvationArmy-Thesebravewomenvolunteeringforthejobwerecalled"DoughnutGirls.”They'oftenworkedindangerousconditionsnearthesoldierssotheDoughnutGirlsworehelmetsanduniforms.Thewomenmadedoughnutcuttersoutofalargecanwithasmallercaninsideittocutoutthehole.Theycouldsetupakettleofhotoiltofrythedoughalmostanywhere.Inthe1920s,doughnutmachineswereinvented.Doughnutswereproducedfasterandeasierthaneverbefore.Still,manypeoplepreferredtomaketheirfavoritedoughnutsathome.真題回顧WhatcanbeinferredaboutdoughnutGirlsduringWorldWar1？A.Theyworkedaboardaship.B.Theyworkednearbattlefields.C.Theyuseduntestedmachines.D.Theyusedhelmetstocookdoughnuts.B閱讀題型事實細(xì)節(jié)題：這類題型一般有兩個特征：1）直接理解性題目。這種題目比較簡單,只要通讀全文，了解文中所敘述的重要事實或細(xì)節(jié)，就可以解答出來，有的甚至可以從文章的原句中直接找到答案。2）隱形題目，這要求對文中難詞、關(guān)鍵詞、詞組或句子作出解釋或需要對上下文提供的語境和信息，做出準(zhǔn)確、立體的理解和判斷。常見的命題形式①Whatiscalled“foodmiles”accordingtothispassage？②Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage？解題方法1）讀題干,明確題目問的是什么。2）定位，帶著問題讀原文,找到題目出現(xiàn)的位置。3）根據(jù)語境和句子認(rèn)真分析、推理并選出正確答案。真題回顧23.Whatwasusedtoreplacetheuncookedcentertoimprovedoughnuts？A.Scrapsoffood.食物殘渣BJellyfiling.裝滿果凍C.Spicesandnuts.香料和堅果D.