全新大學(xué)英語綜合教程3-U8課文翻譯

HumanCloning:AScientist'sStoryIwasextremelyclosewithmymotherallmylife.Shewasabrillianteducator,writerandwonderfulwoman.Sadly,shedevelopedcomplicationsrelatedtodiabetes.Whenshelosthereyesightandmostofherabilitytowalk,itwasabsolutelyhorrifyingforme.Shepassedawayfromafallsevenoreightyearsago.Atherfuneral,IsworethatonedayI'ddosomethingaboutconditionslikehers.我一生與母親無比親密。她是一位卓越的教育家、作家，是一位了不起的女士。不幸的是，YearspassedandIreadabouttheworktheSouthKoreanshaddonewithstemcells.In2004and2005Hwangfraudulentlyreportedthathehadsucceededincreatinghumanembryonicstemcellsbycloning.20042005黃禹錫謊稱他已通過克隆技術(shù)成功地培養(yǎng)出人類胚胎干細(xì)胞。Backthenitwasn'tknownitwasafraud,soitwasveryexcitingtothinkthatalonglistofdiseasescouldbetreated.當(dāng)時人們并不知道那是造假，所以想到一長串疾病有望得到醫(yī)治，人們興奮不已。IfoundedthestemcellresearchcompanyStemagenwithanothergentlemanwhosefatherhaddiedofALS.Wewentoutfordrinksonenightandwestartedtalkingaboutourparents.Wewantedtodosomethingthatwouldbealegacyforthem.我與另一位先生共同創(chuàng)建了斯塔摩根干細(xì)胞研究公司（脊髓）身后留下的遺產(chǎn)。ForBetterOrWorse?是福是禍？ThemomentwedecidedtostartStemagen,Ireadalltherewastoreadaboutthevariouscloningeffortsinthepast.TheclonedsheepDollyin1997wasveryinteresting,butatthatstagepeoplewerenotfocusingonthestemcellaspectofcloning;theywerefocusingonthereproductivepossibilitiesofcloning.1997層面，而是其無性繁殖的可能性問題。Humanreproductivecloningisjustsimplywrongethicallyfromamedicalstandpointandascientificstandpoint,evenignoringanyreligiousissuesassociatedwithit.Thereasonisthatthemajorityofreproductiveclonesinotherspeciesareactuallyabnormal,withveryhighmiscarriagerates,veryhighstillbirthrates,fetalanomalies,deathsoonafterbirth,etcetera.Itwouldjustbeabsolutelywrongtotakeahumanbeingandputthemthroughwhatmaywellinvolvesignificantsufferingforreallynogoodend.Eventhoughpeoplecouldtakethetechniquesthatwe'vedevelopedandattempttodoit(orperhapsevenbesuccessfuldoingit),wehopethattheywouldnot.那樣做。Ontheotherhand,therapeuticcloningdoesnotinvolveanytypeofrisktohumanlifeandactuallyprovidestremendouspotentialforthereliefofsufferinginrealhumanbeingswhoaregoingthroughsomeawfulthings.的人們提供緩解痛苦的極大的可能性。I'mapurescientistinsomeways,andIknowthatmanydifferentstudiesorfindingscouldbeusedforevil.Ourjobasscientistsistomakethemostofthistechnologyandmakeitavailabletothegreatestnumberofotherscientistswhocanhelpusdogoodthingswithit.There'sreallynoeffectivewayforanindividualscientisttostopsomeoneelsefromusingtheknowledgeforsomethingtheyshouldn't.在某種程度上，我是一個純粹的科學(xué)家，可我知道種種研究或發(fā)現(xiàn)可能被用來做邪惡之事。在他們不該用的地方。Weneedtobehonestaboutthetechniquesthatweused.Theyneedtobeabletobereplicatedbyotherpeople,andso,weareprovidingaroadmap.Iwouldhopethatthelegislationthat'sinplaceandthegreatpublicdisapprovalthatwouldresultfromanyattempttocloneahumanwoulddissuadeanyonefromgoingdownthatpath.企圖的人走那條路。Whatisittheysay?Thereisnotechnologythathasn'tbeenusedforsomeevilpurposeatsomepoint.QuitehonestlyIdothinkthatsomeonewillattempthumanreproductivecloning.Idothinkit'sinevitable,andit'svirtuallyimpossibletolegislatethataway.他們是怎么說的？他們說沒有一項技術(shù)不曾在某個時候為了某種罪惡目的而被利用過通過立法加以阻止。ClaimtoFame出名Iamspokenofasthefirstmanto"clonehimself."Therearedifferenttypesofcloning.Atthecellularlevel,yes,it'strueIamthefirstmantoclonehimself.Wethoughtagreatdealabouthowtodealwiththeissueofwhosecellsweshoulduseandwhetherweshouldlettheworldandthescientificcommunityknowwhothefirstcellularclonewas.Intheendwedecidedthatwewantedtoputahumanfaceoncloning.最終，我們決定要讓克隆體人性化。Ididn'tanticipateitwouldcreatethefirestormofcontroversythatit'screated,butI'mstillgladwewentdownthatpath.Wereceivedthousandsofe -mailsandphonecallsfrompeoplewhoneedhelp.從需要幫助的人們那里收到了成千上萬的電子郵件和電話。Ithinkbycomingforwardandputtingafacetoitwemadeitveryreal,andnowpeoplearoundtheworldknowthatcloningishere.Ibelievethatverysoonitwillbeusedtherapeutically,soIthinkourpurposewasserved.克隆來了。我相信不久克隆技術(shù)將被用于治療疾病，所以我認(rèn)為我們的目的達(dá)到了。PureScience純科學(xué)Whathappensisaninformedandconsentingwomandonatesaneggandweremovehergeneticmaterialfromtheegg.Thenweplaceasingleskincellinsidethategg.料，然后把單個皮膚細(xì)胞置入這個卵子。Whatwe'rereallyinterestediniscreatingdisease-specificandperson-specificstemcelllines.Theprocedureoftakingcellsfromapersontakesnomorethanaminuteortwo.Youcantakesomeskincellsfromthearm,forexample,andinonetotwominutes,youcangetthecellsthatyouneedtocarryoutthisprocess.我們真正感興趣的是建立特定疾病及特定個體的干細(xì)胞系列過程所需的細(xì)胞。Thisprocessenablesustostudythecausesofspecificdiseases,suchasAlzheimer'sDisease,ALSorParkinson'sDisease,andthenresearchavarietyoftreatmentsforthesediseases.Ifthestemcelllinesarecreatedforanygivenindividualandarelatertransplantedbackintotheindividual,theywillnotberejectedbytheindividual.（脊髓個體而培育的，然后又被移植回那個個體，它們就不會遭排異。SweetSuccess甜蜜的成功IalwaysthoughtthatwhenourresearchwassuccessfulIwouldjustbepleasedthatwehadaccomplishedthiswhenothershadnot.Inreality,itistranscendent—whenyoulookthroughthemicroscope,youseewhatyoumayhavelookedlikealongtimeago,atleastinpart.WhenIlookeddownandsawthatclonedblastocyst,itbroughttearstomyeyes. Ihadthisformymother,andIrealized,hadsheonlybeenabletoliveafewyearslonger,maybewecouldhaveusedthistechnologytohelpher.Itwasemotionalto seethatpotential,whichsheneverhadachancetoexperience.當(dāng)我低下頭看到克隆出的胚泡時，不由得淚水盈眶。我是為母親而做這一研究的There'sabigmisconceptionouttherethatwedecidedtodestroytheseembryosfor somereason. Therewassomuchskepticismaboutthisprocessbecauseofthescientificfraudfromthepastthatitwascriticalthattherebenodoubtthattheywereclones.我們出于某種原因決定毀掉這些克隆胚胎人們對于我們的研究過程抱有諸多懷疑，所以確保它們確系克隆胚胎是至關(guān)重要的。Intheprocessofanalysis,theembryosweredestroyedbynecessity.Inotherwords,togetthegeneticmaterialfrominsidethecellstoanalyzeit,youhavetodestroythecell.Wewouldhavelovedtohavebeenabletoavoiddestroyingthem.在分析的過程中，我們必須毀掉那些胚胎。換句話說，從細(xì)胞里提取遺傳物質(zhì)進行分析，你只得毀壞細(xì)胞。我們多么希望能夠避免毀掉它們啊。Nowwe'reworkingfull-timeoncreatingstemcelllines,andpeoplearewatchingwithgreatinterest.目前我們正夜以繼日地培育干細(xì)胞系列，人們也饒有興趣地關(guān)注著這項工作的進展。ThePopeAndThePresident教皇和總統(tǒng)Thereareavarietyofopponentstoourwork.我們的工作遭到各方人士的反對。WewerecondemnedbytheVaticanandmentionedinanegativelightinPresidentBush'sStateoftheUnionaddress.Inasenseit'san