土木工程專業(yè)英語復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)詞匯

LessonlLesson2civilengineering土木工程budget預(yù)算structuralengineering結(jié)構(gòu)工程rawmaterial原材料waterresourcesengineering水源工程compression壓縮environmentalengineering環(huán)境工程compressivestrength抗壓強(qiáng)度transportationengineering運(yùn)輸工程tension拉伸constructionengineering建筑工程tensilestrength抗拉強(qiáng)度communityandurbanplanning社區(qū)與市政規(guī)劃support支撐survey測量,勘測vertical垂直的engineeringmanagement工程治理horizontal水平的drainagesystem排污系統(tǒng)column柱子utility公共設(shè)施beam梁groundwater地下水frameconstruction框架結(jié)構(gòu)materialproperty(behavior)材料性能cantilever懸臂梁potential潛能,電位goldensection黃金分害U點(diǎn)pressure壓力mathematicalformulas數(shù)學(xué)公式stability穩(wěn)定性stress應(yīng)力earthquake地震strain應(yīng)變wastewatertreatmentplant廢水處理廠character特性,性能airscrubber空氣凈化器installation安裝geography地理shelter遮蔽處strength強(qiáng)度rateofflow流率encompass包括,圍繞identical完全相同的

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Lesson3Lesson4component構(gòu)件stressed-skintube承力表層式筒體load-carryingcapability承受水平lateralsway側(cè)面位移ptioartin隔板,隔墻stiffness剛度,剛性heatingandcoolingsystem力口熱與冷去口boundarycondition邊界條件系統(tǒng)rigidbelttrusses剛性帶式桁架superstructure上部建筑framedtube框式的體substructure根底column-diagonaltrusstube根底,地基foundation根底,地基bundledtube筒體系steelframework剛架結(jié)構(gòu)spandrelbeams拱梁cast-iron鑄鐵rigidshearwalltube剛性承男墻式筒體reinforcedconcrete鋼筋水泥compositematerial復(fù)合材料masonry砌體spectacular壯觀的corrugatedsteeldeck波紋鋼地板sway搖擺,歪,使傾斜ateralforce(deformation)側(cè)向力(變形)residential居住的,住宅的transparent透明的,明晰的innovation創(chuàng)新,新事物opaque不透明的eliminate排除pre-castconcrete預(yù)澆鑄水泥column柱,圓柱物stiffness硬度demonstrate證實(shí),示范rib肋骨project凸出,投射,工程slabbeam薄板梁truss框架ventilating通風(fēng)bundle捆,束three-dimension三維的,立體的terminate使終止

hinge絞鏈fa?ade房屋的正面,外觀elasticproperty彈性性能perimeter周圍,周界truss桁架encroach侵占plumbingsystem水管系統(tǒng)high-risebuilding高層建筑partition分開,隔墻reinforcedconcrete鋼筋混凝土converter煉鋼爐spandrelbeam窗卜墻的墻托梁surpass超過shearwall剪力墻exterior外部〔的〕lintel過梁deck甲板corrulintel過梁deck甲板corrugate弄皺duct管道,預(yù)應(yīng)力筋孔道ancillary輔助的ventilate使通風(fēng)conceal隱蔽bearingwall承重墻plumbingsystem衛(wèi)生設(shè)備系統(tǒng)conduit管道stratification分層,層理exhibit顯示,呈現(xiàn)Lesson5Lesson6organicmatter有機(jī)物質(zhì)ventilate使通風(fēng),使換氣noxiousodor啟是氣體mobilevehicle機(jī)動車輛dis-infection*thermaldiffusion熱擴(kuò)散,熱漫布bacteria細(xì)菌thermalequilibriumcondition熱平衡條件viruses病是thermalvibration熱振動protozoa原生動物centralheating中央加熱coagulation凝結(jié)humidity濕度,濕氣activatedcarbon活性碳climate氣候biologicaldisc生物轉(zhuǎn)盤suction吸,吸力,吸氣metropolitan都市的chamber燃燒室microorganism微生物shaft軸pesticide殺蟲劑refrigerating冷凍

herbicide除草劑potablewater可飲用水dewater脫水compost混合肥料centrifuge離心別離機(jī)afterburner加力燃燒室cementmortar水泥砂漿electrostaticprecipitator靜電沉淀齊Ufluid-bed流化床purification凈化plenumsystem壓力通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)pedestal根底,底座acoustics聲學(xué),建筑物的傳音性cognizance熟悉,注忌charcoal木炭aperture孔隙,口徑potbelly大腹hypocaust熱坑canopy大逢,防雨蠱板pedestal基座,柱腳,底座cloak斗篷horticultural園藝的convector對流石￥apparatus器械,設(shè)備amelioration改善,改良suction吸氣,吸力ubiquitous普遍存在的perforate穿孔,打洞trough溝,槽Mediterranean地中海的plenumsystem壓力通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)terra-cotta陶瓦ThamesRiver泰河Lesson7Lesson8span跨度,跨距initiate開始,發(fā)動pedestrians行人authority權(quán)力,當(dāng)局highway公路,高速公路approach通路,途經(jīng),接roadway車行道,路面近forming成型safefactor平安因子shaping修整chip碎裂tropicalregions熱帶地區(qū)weather受侵蝕,使風(fēng)化suspensionbridge吊橋hardeningprocess硬化過程bridgepier橋墩yieldstrength屈服強(qiáng)度stability穩(wěn)定性laminate層疊

anchor錨定failure失效overlap重疊,交迭stressandstrain應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變cantileverbridge懸臂式橋梁staticload靜載荷corbelarch突拱dynamicloadorliveload動載荷rigidbeam剛性梁impact7^^girder梁,鋼桁的支架bump7^^,碰撞stretch拉伸vibration振動buckle屈曲tremor震動,顫抖cable電纜,索dynamicbehavior動態(tài)性能valley山谷windtunnel風(fēng)洞obstacle障礙revenue收入,稅收aqueduct溝渠,引水橋durability耐久性barge駁船,用船運(yùn)輸tremor震動,地震isolated隔離的,單獨(dú)debris碎片,殘骸log原木cofferdam圍堰vine葡萄樹,藤蔓caisson沉箱,沉井slant傾斜,鞋面hazardous危險的subsoil下層土,天然地基temporary暫時的aerialist高空雜技師ingenuity獨(dú)創(chuàng)性,靈活性,精巧tightrope鋼絲derrick人字起重機(jī)abutment橋墩,橋臺winch卷揚(yáng)機(jī),絞車anchorage錨定,固定支座guardrail護(hù)欄stretch拉伸,展開accessory附件,輔助設(shè)備

girder桁架,主梁,撐桿toll通行費(fèi)intersect橫斷,相交preliminarydesign初步設(shè)計intermediatepier中間墩tensilestrength抗拉強(qiáng)度yieldstrength屈服強(qiáng)度suspensionbridge吊橋,懸索橋compressedair壓縮空氣

LessonllLesson12layout規(guī)劃,設(shè)計trafficrouting交通路線terrain地形freeway高速公路rightofway可通行throughstreets直通人街groundmapping地圖測繪one-waystreets單行線,單行道expressway高速公路,快車道regulation規(guī)那么,規(guī)章,法規(guī)traverse橫過,穿過intersection十字路口,交叉點(diǎn)metropolitan大城巾的,主要城巾的expedite加速,派出acquisition獲得pavementmarking路面標(biāo)記substitute代替,取代artery動脈,干線blueprint藍(lán)圖,設(shè)計圖congestion擁塞,充血accommodate提供,供給,容納crosswalk斑馬線,人行橫道frequency頻率,周期symbol##capacity容量,水平bit字節(jié)duration持續(xù)時間alleviate減輕,緩和runoffrate流率off-peakperiods非頂峰時間roughness粗糙度bottleneck道路的瓶頸,狹道interstate州際的interference沖差,干擾maintenance維護(hù),##mileage英里數(shù),行車?yán)锍蘰avement公路,人行道curvature甯曲,曲率abutting鄰近的shift轉(zhuǎn)移,輪班,替換speculative投機(jī)的,推測的reliance信賴,依罪的人或物traverse橫穿reversible可逆的,回行的

rerecreational娛樂性的,供消遣的gradation分級,級配,層次expressway高速公路compact壓實(shí),搗實(shí)accommodate供給,容納,適應(yīng)caliche鈣質(zhì)殼,生硝oyster礫,牡蠣bituminous含瀝青的catchbasin匯水溝,雨水井a(chǎn)dverse相反的,不利的precipitation沉淀,降水量,地形性降雨photogrammetric攝影制圖的outlet出口,排水口pneumatic-tiredroller氣胎壓路機(jī)publicutilities公共設(shè)施channelization管道化,河道疏浚intersection十字路口,交叉點(diǎn)conflict沖突interference沖突,干擾,相互影響remote遙感的,遠(yuǎn)程的arbitrary任意的,隨機(jī)的bottleneck狹道,交通堵塞periphery外圍,邊緣off-peakperiods非頂峰時間calciumchloride氯化鈣guardrail護(hù)欄Lesson16Lesson17footing根底,底座layout設(shè)計,布置rectangular長方形,矩形masterschedule設(shè)計任務(wù)書trapezoidal梯形,不規(guī)那么四邊形subsidiary輔助的,補(bǔ)充的description描述,描繪forecast預(yù)測,預(yù)想enlarge擴(kuò)大,增加procurement取得,獲得retention保存,保持expedite加速,促進(jìn)discontinuity間斷,不連續(xù)fabricate制作,構(gòu)造subside下沉,沉降complywith照做infiltrate滲入,滲透,透過formwork模子材料basement根底,地卜室budget預(yù)算,做預(yù)算encase包裹,圍住unitcost單位本錢accumulate積聚,堆積timecard計時卡片flexibility彈性,撓性overrun超過,超出backfill回填,裝填timestudy工時定額研究admixture混合物,摻合物watertable地下水位matfoundation板式根底fissure裂縫,裂紋slabfoundation平板根底execution執(zhí)行,完成,施工

plainconcrete素plainconcrete素水泥sump水坑,積水井grout水泥漿,灌漿weep滲漏,滴水swell膨脹,漲水,增大,隆起dismantle拆卸,撤除clarify澄清,說明,凈化payroll工資單productivity生產(chǎn)力,勞動生產(chǎn)率bulldozer推土機(jī),壓路機(jī)shovel鏟,挖掘機(jī)dragline拉索,拉鏟挖土機(jī)clamshell抓斗,蛤殼式挖泥機(jī)scraper鏟運(yùn)機(jī),刮土機(jī),平土機(jī)haul拖,拉,拖運(yùn)contamination污染,污染物wellpoint降低地下水位的井點(diǎn),深坑點(diǎn)fragment斷片,碎塊solidify凝固,固結(jié)ingredient成分,配料silo豎井,發(fā)射井a(chǎn)malgam軟的混合物slipform滑動模板,滑模Lesson18Lesson19deform變形overall全部的,全面的physicalproperty物理性能collapse倒塌,崩潰elasticity彈性ascertain確定,探知plasticity塑性stability穩(wěn)定性brittle碎性的exert施加,盡力fracture斷裂reactionforce反作用力elasticmodulus彈性模量staticequilibrium靜力平衡extrude擠壓lineofaction作用線hydration水化determinate靜定pulverize研磨成粉indeterminate超靜定durability耐久性equivalent相等的,相當(dāng)?shù)膕ynthetic合成的,人造的lateralforce測向力resin樹脂,膠質(zhì)t